{"id":1005,"date":"2017-08-13T13:16:00","date_gmt":"2017-08-13T10:16:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/index.php\/2017\/08\/13\/52-turk-inkilabi-siyasi-alanda-meydana-gelen-gelismeler-lozan-cumhuriyetin-ilani-cok-partili-hayata-gecis-denemeleri\/"},"modified":"2017-08-13T13:16:00","modified_gmt":"2017-08-13T10:16:00","slug":"52-turk-inkilabi-siyasi-alanda-meydana-gelen-gelismeler-lozan-cumhuriyetin-ilani-cok-partili-hayata-gecis-denemeleri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/index.php\/2017\/08\/13\/52-turk-inkilabi-siyasi-alanda-meydana-gelen-gelismeler-lozan-cumhuriyetin-ilani-cok-partili-hayata-gecis-denemeleri\/","title":{"rendered":"52- T\u00dcRK \u0130NKILABI, S\u0130YAS\u0130 ALANDA MEYDANA GELEN GEL\u0130\u015eMELER, LOZAN, CUMHUR\u0130YET’\u0130N \u0130LANI, \u00c7OK PART\u0130L\u0130 HAYATA GE\u00c7\u0130\u015e DENEMELER\u0130…"},"content":{"rendered":"

T\u00dcRK \u0130NKILABI<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

T\u00dcRK \u0130NKILABININ \u00d6ZELL\u0130KLER\u0130<\/b>
\u0130nk\u0131lap (devrim); rejimi de\u011fi\u015ftiren k\u00f6kl\u00fc harekettir
\u2022Avrupa’daki yenilik\u00e7i fikirlerden, Frans\u0131z \u0130htilali’nden, milliyet\u00e7i <\/span>
\n<\/a>fikirlerden etkilenmi\u015ftir.
\u2022Demokratiktir, laiktir
\u2022Halk hareketinin sonucudur.
\u2022 \u0130htiya\u00e7lar\u0131n sonucudur.
\u2022\u00c7a\u011fda\u015ft\u0131r, ak\u0131l ve bilim esas al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\u2022Haz\u0131rlayanlar ve ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirenler ayn\u0131 ki\u015filerdir.
\u2022”Mill\u00ee egemenlik” ve “mill\u00ee ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k” bir arada ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00dclkeyi \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f medeniyetler seviyesinin \u00fczerine \u00e7\u0131karmay\u0131 ama\u00e7lam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

S\u0130YAS\u0130 ALANDA MEYDANA GELEN GEL\u0130\u015eMELER<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Saltanat\u0131n Kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 (1 Kas\u0131m 1922)<\/b>

<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

\nSebepleri:<\/b>
\u2022Mill\u00ee egemenli\u011fe ters d\u00fc\u015fmesi
\u2022Devrimlerin ve \u00e7a\u011fda\u015fla\u015fman\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcnde engel olu\u015fturmas\u0131
\u2022\u0130ngiltere’nin Lozan Konferans\u0131’na iki h\u00fck\u00fbmeti birden davet ederek ortaya \u00e7\u0131karmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 ikili\u011fin \u00f6nlenmek istenmesi<\/p>\n

Sonu\u00e7lar\u0131: <\/b>
\u2022 Lozan Konferans\u0131’nda T\u00fcrkler aras\u0131nda ikilik \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 \u00f6nlenmi\u015ftir.
\u2022Mill\u00ee egemenli\u011fin \u00f6n\u00fcndeki \u00f6nemli bir engel ortadan kalkm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\u2022Devrimlerin ve \u00e7a\u011fda\u015fla\u015fman\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcndeki \u00f6nemli bir engel ortadan kalkm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\u2022Osmanl\u0131 Devleti siyas\u00ee olarak resmen sona ermi\u015ftir.
\u2022l. TBMM kayda de\u011fer tek devrimini yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\u2022 Son padi\u015fah Vahdettin \u00fclkeyi terk etmi\u015ftir.
\u2022Abd\u00fclmecit Efendi TBMM taraf\u0131ndan halife ilan edilmi\u015f<\/p>\n

Lozan Antla\u015fmasi (24 Temmuz 1923)<\/b>
\u2022Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131’n\u0131 tamamen bitirecek kal\u0131c\u0131 bir antla\u015fman\u0131n imzalanmas\u0131 gerekiyordu.
\u2022Konferans yeri olarak, tarafs\u0131z bir yer olan Lozan kendi belirlenmi\u015ftir.
\u2022 Mudanya’daki ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 \u0130smet Pa\u015fa g\u00f6nderilmi\u015ftir.
\u2022Konferansa \u0130ngiltere, Fransa, \u0130talya, Yunanistan, Japonya, Yugoslavya ve T\u00fcrkiye temsilcileri kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. bo\u011fazlar\u0131n stat\u00fcs\u00fc konusunda Rusya ve Bulgaristan da toplant\u0131ya d\u00e2hil olmu\u015ftur. ABD ise konferansta g\u00f6zlemci bulundurmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

\u2022Mustafa Kemal, konferansa gidecek olan T\u00fcrk heyetinden, Kapit\u00fclasyonlar ve Ermeni sorunu konular\u0131nda kesinlikle taviz verilmemesini istemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131’n\u0131n Maddeleri<\/b><\/p>\n

S\u0131n\u0131rlar: <\/b>
\u2022T\u00fcrkiye’nin g\u00fcney s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131; Fransa’yla imzalanan Ankara Antla\u015fmas\u0131’ndaki \u015fekliyle kalacak. Misak\u0131mill\u00ee’den verilen taviz (Hatay tavizi) devam etmi\u015ftir
\u2022Meri\u00e7 Nehri T\u00fcrkiye-Yunanistan s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 say\u0131lacak. Yunanistan sava\u015f tazminat\u0131 olarak Karaa\u011fa\u00e7’\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye’ye verecek.
\u2022 G\u00f6k\u00e7eada ve Bozcaada d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki Ege adalar\u0131 Yunanistan’\u0131n olacak. On \u0130ki Ada \u0130talya’n\u0131n olacak.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye-Irak s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 (Musul Meselesi) konusunun \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc, T\u00fcrkiye ile \u0130ngiltere’nin, ileride yapacaklar\u0131 ikili g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelere b\u0131rak\u0131lacak. Musul ya da Irak S\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 sorunu Lozan’da \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclemeyen tek sorundur. Musul, Misak\u0131mill\u00ee’den taviz olarak kalacakt\u0131r.
\u2022\u00dclkede ya\u015fayan az\u0131nl\u0131klar “T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015f\u0131” say\u0131lacak.
\u2022Bat\u0131 Trakya’daki T\u00fcrkler ile \u0130stanbul’daki Rumlar hari\u00e7; geri kalan T\u00fcrkler ve Rumlar yer de\u011fi\u015ftirecek. Sorun tam olarak Atat\u00fcrk-Venizelos g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeleri sonucunda ancak \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclecektir (1930).
\u2022Yabanc\u0131 okullar\u0131n e\u011fitim ve \u00f6\u011fretimini T\u00fcrk h\u00fck\u00fbmeti d\u00fczenleyecek.
\u2022Kapit\u00fclasyonlar kald\u0131r\u0131lacak.<\/p>\n

\u2022Bo\u011fazlar; ba\u015fkan\u0131 T\u00fcrk olan uluslararas\u0131 bir komisyonca y\u00f6netilecek. Bo\u011fazlar konusunda taviz verilmi\u015f; egemenlik haklar\u0131m\u0131z zedelenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

\u2022Osmanl\u0131 bor\u00e7lar\u0131, Osmanl\u0131dan ayr\u0131lan devletlere payla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lacak. T\u00fcrkiye 1954’e kadar bor\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6demeye devam etmi\u015ftir.
\u2022Patrikhane \u0130stanbul’da kalacak. T\u00fcm u\u011fra\u015flara ra\u011fmen, Patrikhanenin \u0130stanbul d\u0131\u015f\u0131na
\u2022\u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 Avrupal\u0131lara kabul ettirilememi\u015ftir. <\/p>\n

Lozan Bar\u0131\u015f Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u00d6nemi <\/b>
\u2022Yeni T\u00fcrk Devleti\u2019nin ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve devletler aras\u0131 e\u015fitli\u011fi d\u00fcnya devletlerince kabul edilmi\u015ftir.
\u2022Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin sona erdi\u011fi kabul edilmi\u015ftir. Sevr Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ge\u00e7ersiz oldu\u011fu tescillenmi\u015ftir.
\u2022Musul Meselesi \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclememi\u015ftir.
\u2022Hatay\u2019\u0131n Yeni T\u00fcrk Devleti\u2019nin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalmas\u0131 ile Misak\u0131mill\u00ee\u2019den \u00f6d\u00fcn verilmi\u015ftir.
\u2022Bat\u0131 Trakya ve Ege adalar\u0131 kaybedilmi\u015ftir.
\u2022Bo\u011fazlar konusu T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin egemenlik haklar\u0131na g\u00f6lge d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.
\u2022Kapit\u00fclasyonlar\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ile T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin ekonomik ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yolunda \u00f6nemli bir ad\u0131m at\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\u2022Yabanc\u0131 okullar\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 faaliyetler i\u00e7ine girmeleri engellenmi\u015ftir.
\u2022N\u00fcfus m\u00fcbadelesi ile az\u0131nl\u0131k sorunlar\u0131 azalt\u0131lmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\u2022Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131 ge\u00e7erlili\u011fini h\u00e2l\u00e2 korumaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

II. TBMM A\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 (11 A\u011fustos 1923)<\/b>
\u2022\u0130lk Meclis\u2019in mevcut milletvekili yap\u0131s\u0131 ink\u0131laplar i\u00e7in uygun bulunmuyordu. Bu nedenle, II. Meclis i\u00e7in yap\u0131lacak se\u00e7imlere M\u00fcdafaa-i Hukuk Grubu \u00fcyesi ve ink\u0131lap yanl\u0131s\u0131 ki\u015filer aday g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir.<\/span><\/div>\n

\n
\u2022Ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen se\u00e7imler sonucunda 11 A\u011fustos 1923\u2019te a\u00e7\u0131lan ve bir\u00e7ok ink\u0131lab\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiren II. TBMM, 1 Ekim 1927 tarihine kadar \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

Ankara’n\u0131n Ba\u015fkent Olu\u015fu (13 Ekim 1923)<\/b>
\u2022\u0130stanbul bo\u015falt\u0131l\u0131nca (6 Ekim 1923), yeni ba\u015fkentin neresi olaca\u011f\u0131 konusu g\u00fcndeme gelmi\u015ftir. Ankara, yasayla ba\u015fkent say\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u2022Bu tercihte Ankara\u2019n\u0131n co\u011frafi, jeopolitik ve stratejik konumu rol oynam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ankara\u2019n\u0131n sahip oldu\u011fu konumun \u00fclkenin savunmas\u0131nda ve idaresinde avantaj olu\u015fturaca\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

Cumhuriyetin \u0130lan\u0131 (29 Ekim 1923)<\/b>
\u2022TBMM’nin a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131yla Ulusal Egemenlik ilkesi y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe konmu\u015f, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla Cumhuriyet y\u00f6netimi fiilen uygulanmaya ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\u2022II. Meclisin g\u00f6revine ba\u015flamas\u0131na ra\u011fmen bir t\u00fcrl\u00fc h\u00fck\u00fcmeti kuramamas\u0131, bir h\u00fck\u00fcmet bunal\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n ya\u015fanmas\u0131na neden olmu\u015ftur.
\u2022H\u00fck\u00fcmet bunal\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n Meclis H\u00fck\u00fcmeti Sistemi nedeniyle a\u015f\u0131lamamas\u0131, kabine sistemine ge\u00e7mek. dolay\u0131s\u0131yla da Cumhuriyeti ilan etmek i\u00e7in uygun bir ortam yaratm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u2022B\u00f6ylelikle 29 Ekim l923\u2018te bir Anayasa de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fiyle Cumhuriyet ilan edilmi\u015ftir.

Cumhuriyet\u2019in \u0130lan\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Sonu\u00e7lar\u0131:<\/b>
\u2022Devlet rejiminin ad\u0131 konuldu, devlet ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sorunu \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlendi.
\u2022Meclis H\u00fck\u00fcmeti sisteminden Kabine Sistemine ge\u00e7ildi.
\u2022Yap\u0131lacak yeni ink\u0131laplara ortam haz\u0131rland\u0131.
\u2022\u0130lk cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Mustafa Kemal, meclis ba\u015fkan\u0131 Fethi Okyar, ba\u015fbakan ise \u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc olmu\u015ftur.
\u2022Cumhuriyet\u2019in ilan\u0131 Milli egemenli\u011fe ge\u00e7i\u015fte en \u00f6nemli ad\u0131md\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Halifeli\u011fin Kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 (3 Mart 1924)<\/b><\/p>\n

Nedenleri:<\/b>
\u2022Halifeli\u011fin cumhuriyet\u00e7i, demokratik, laik, \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f ilkelerle ba\u011fda\u015fmamas\u0131
\u2022Halifeli\u011fin \u00fcmmet\u00e7ilik, TBMM’nin ise milliyet\u00e7ilik ilkesini esas almas\u0131
\u2022TBMM’nin T\u00fcrk milletinin temsilcisi ve en yetkili y\u00f6netim organ\u0131 haline gelmesi
\u2022Abd\u00fclmecit Efendi’nin TBMM’nin i\u00e7 ve d\u0131\u015f politika ilkelerine uymamas\u0131
\u2022Abd\u00fclmecit Efendi’nin h\u00e2l\u00e2 otoriteymi\u015f gibi davranmas\u0131 ve \u00e7e\u015fitli g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeler ve t\u00f6renler yapmas\u0131
\u2022Hintli M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n liderlerinin yazd\u0131klar\u0131 mektup ile T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin i\u00e7 i\u015flerine kar\u0131\u015fmas\u0131<\/p>\n

Sonu\u00e7lar\u0131: <\/b>
\u2022TBMM 3 Mart 1924’te kabul etti\u011fi bir yasayla Halifeli\u011fi kald\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 kanunla Osmanl\u0131 ailesi \u00fcyelerinin de yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmalar\u0131, ileride saltanat ve halifelik iddias\u0131nda bulunmamalar\u0131 i\u00e7in kabul edildi.
\u2022Tevhid-i Tedrisat (\u00d6\u011fretimin Birle\u015ftirilmesi) Kanunu kabul edildi. Tevhid-i Tedrisat Kanunu ile t\u00fcm okullar Mill\u00ee E\u011fitim Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ba\u011flanarak, e\u011fitim ve \u00f6\u011fretimde birlik ve denetim sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu kanun sonucunda medreseler kapanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\u2022Vak\u0131f, medrese ve ibadethaneleri denetleyen \u015eeriye ve Evkaf Vek\u00e2leti kald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.. Din i\u015fleri ve kurumlar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00f6netimi i\u00e7in Diyanet \u0130\u015fleri Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kurulmu\u015ftur. Ba\u015f\u0131na ise Ankara M\u00fcft\u00fcs\u00fc R\u0131fat B\u00f6rek\u00e7i getirilmi\u015ftir.
\u2022Vak\u0131flar\u0131 kontrol etmek amac\u0131yla Vak\u0131flar M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kurulmu\u015ftur.
\u2022Erkan\u0131harbiye Vek\u00e2leti kald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. En y\u00fcksek asker\u00ee makam olarak Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kurulmu\u015ftur. <\/p>\n

3 Mart 1924\u2019te kabul edilen bu kanunla laik devlet d\u00fczenine ge\u00e7i\u015fte \u00f6nemli bir ad\u0131m at\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u00c7ok Partili Siyasi Hayata Ge\u00e7i\u015f Denemeleri<\/b><\/p>\n

Nedenleri: <\/b>
\u2022Demokratik cumhuriyet rejiminde \u00e7ok partilili\u011fin gerekli olmas\u0131
\u2022Toplumun \u00e7e\u015fitli kesimlerinin mecliste temsil edilmesinin gerekmesi
\u2022Tek partili siyasi hayata y\u00f6nelik ele\u015ftirilerin artmas\u0131
\u2022\u0130ktidar\u0131 denetleyecek bir muhalefet mekanizmas\u0131na ihtiya\u00e7 olmas\u0131<\/p>\n

Halk F\u0131rkas\u0131 (9 A\u011fustos 1923)<\/b>
\u2022T\u00fcrkiye’nin ilk siyasi partisidir.
\u2022Kurucusu Mustafa Kemal\u2019dir.
\u2022Atat\u00fcrk ve M\u00fcdafaa-i Hukuk Grubu taraf\u0131ndan, Cumhuriyetin ilan\u0131ndan \u00f6nce, temel ink\u0131l\u00e2plar\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek \u00fczere kurulmu\u015ftur.
\u2022Ekonomide Devlet\u00e7ilik ilkesini savunmu\u015ftur.
\u2022Halk F\u0131rkas\u0131n\u0131n kurulmas\u0131yla, Anadolu ve Rumeli M\u00fcdafaa-i Hukuk Cemiyetinin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sona ermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Terakkiperver Cumhuriyet Firkasi (17 Kas\u0131m I924)<\/b>
\u2022T\u00fcrkiye’nin ilk muhalefet partisidir.
\u2022Kurucusu Kaz\u0131m Karabekir\u2019dir.
\u2022Mustafa Kemal’e ve yap\u0131lan ink\u0131laplara kar\u015f\u0131 olan ikinci grup milletvekilleri taraf\u0131ndan kurulmu\u015ftur.
\u2022Liberal ekonomiyi benimsemi\u015f ve dini inan\u00e7 ve fikirlere sayg\u0131l\u0131 olduklar\u0131n\u0131 ifade etmi\u015flerdir.
\u2022Parti, k\u0131sa zamanda rejime kar\u015f\u0131 olan gruplar\u0131n \u00f6rg\u00fctlendi\u011fi bir merkez olmu\u015ftur.
\u2022\u015eeyh Sait isyan\u0131nda rol\u00fc oldu\u011fu gerek\u00e7esiyle 5 Haziran 1925\u2018te kapat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u015eeyh Sait \u0130syan\u0131 (13 \u015eubat 1925)<\/b>
\u2022Medreselerin kapat\u0131lmas\u0131 ve halifeli\u011fin kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gibi Laiklikle ilgili yap\u0131lan ink\u0131laplara kar\u015f\u0131 olan \u00e7evrelerin yeni rejime kar\u015f\u0131 ba\u015flatt\u0131klar\u0131 bir isyan hareketidir.
\u2022Lozan’da \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclemeyen Musul sorununu kendi lehine \u00e7\u00f6zmek ve petrol yataklar\u0131na sahip olmak isteyen \u0130ngilizler isyan\u0131 desteklemi\u015flerdir..
\u2022Diyarbak\u0131r, Elaz\u0131\u011f, Bing\u00f6l y\u00f6relerinde ba\u015flayan isyan, k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Fethi Okyar H\u00fck\u00fcmeti ayaklanmay\u0131 bast\u0131ramay\u0131nca g\u00f6revinden ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve yerine \u0130smet Pa\u015fa ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

\u015eeyh Sait \u0130syan\u0131n Sonu\u00e7lar\u0131<\/b>
\u2022Takrir-i S\u00fckun Kanunu \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r, \u0130stiklal Mahkemeleri yeniden kurularak \u015eeyh Sait ve taraftarlar\u0131 idam edilmi\u015ftir.
\u2022\u0130syan\u0131n \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131nda etkili oldu\u011fu gerek\u00e7esiyle Terakkiperver Cumhuriyet F\u0131rkas\u0131 kapat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\u2022Diyarbak\u0131r, Elaz\u0131\u011f ve Bing\u00f6l’de b\u00f6lgesel s\u0131k\u0131y\u00f6netim ilan edilmi\u015ftir.
\u2022Musul’un kaybedilmesine neden olmu\u015ftur. (1926 Ankara Antla\u015fmas\u0131)
\u2022Tekke, zaviye ve t\u00fcrbeler kapat\u0131larak, \u015feyhlik, dervi\u015flik gibi unvanlar yasaklanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\u2022Bas\u0131na sans\u00fcr getirilmi\u015ftir (Tanin, \u0130stiklal, Tasvir-i Efkar, Ayd\u0131nl\u0131k)<\/p>\n

\u00c7ok partili d\u00fczenin hen\u00fcz uygulanamayaca\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Ayaklanma, Laik devlet d\u00fczenini y\u0131kmak isteyen ilk b\u00fcy\u00fck ayaklanmad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u0130zmir Suikasti Giri\u015fimi (16 Haziran 1926)<\/b>
\u2022Mustafa Kemal’e ve ink\u0131lap hareketlerine muhalif olanlar\u0131n d\u00fczenledi\u011fi suikast giri\u015fimidir.<\/p>\n

Serbest Cumhuriyet F\u0131rkas\u0131 (12 A\u011fustos 1930)<\/b>
\u2022Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Fethi Okyar’d\u0131r.
\u2022Ekonomide liberalizm ilkesini benimsemi\u015ftir.
\u2022Rejim kar\u015f\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131n oda\u011f\u0131 h\u00e2line gelince Fethi Bey taraf\u0131ndan 18 Aral\u0131k 1930’da kapat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu deneyim \u00e7ok partili sisteme ge\u00e7i\u015f i\u00e7in elveri\u015fli ko\u015fullar\u0131n hen\u00fcz olu\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve Laiklik alan\u0131nda yap\u0131lan ink\u0131l\u00e2plar\u0131n yerle\u015fmedi\u011fini g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. T\u00fcrkiye’de I946 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar \u00e7ok partili hayata ge\u00e7i\u015f denemesi ya\u015fanmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. (Demokrat Parti)

Menemen Olay\u0131 (23 Aral\u0131k 1930)<\/b>
\u2022Menemen\u2019de Dervi\u015f Mehmet adl\u0131 bir ki\u015fi taraf\u0131ndan 23 Aral\u0131k 1930\u2019da cumhuriyet kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 bir isyan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r..
\u2022\u0130syan\u0131 bast\u0131rmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan Aste\u011fmen Kubilay \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.
\u2022Yakalanan su\u00e7lular divan\u0131harp taraf\u0131ndan cezaland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Menemen Olay\u0131 da \u015eeyh Sait Ayaklanmas\u0131 gibi Laik Cumhuriyet y\u00f6netimini y\u0131kmaya y\u00f6neliktir.<\/span><\/p>\n

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