{"id":1008,"date":"2017-08-13T13:14:00","date_gmt":"2017-08-13T10:14:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/index.php\/2017\/08\/13\/49-istanbulun-isgali-tbmmnin-acilisi-tbmmye-karsi-cikan-ayaklanmalar-sevr-antlasmasi\/"},"modified":"2017-08-13T13:14:00","modified_gmt":"2017-08-13T10:14:00","slug":"49-istanbulun-isgali-tbmmnin-acilisi-tbmmye-karsi-cikan-ayaklanmalar-sevr-antlasmasi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/index.php\/2017\/08\/13\/49-istanbulun-isgali-tbmmnin-acilisi-tbmmye-karsi-cikan-ayaklanmalar-sevr-antlasmasi\/","title":{"rendered":"49- \u0130STANBUL’UN \u0130\u015eGAL\u0130, TBMM’N\u0130N A\u00c7ILI\u015eI, TBMM’YE KAR\u015eI \u00c7IKAN AYAKLANMALAR, SEVR ANTLA\u015eMASI"},"content":{"rendered":"

M\u0130LL\u0130 M\u00dcCADELE’N\u0130N HAZIRLIK D\u00d6NEM\u0130<\/b>

\u0130stanbul\u2019un \u0130\u015fgali (16 Mart 1920)<\/b>
\u2022Meclisin a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131na tepki g\u00f6stermeyen \u0130tilaf Devletleri, meclisten kendi isteklerinin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kararlar\u0131n \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 \u00fczerine tav\u0131r <\/span>
\n<\/a>de\u011fi\u015ftirmi\u015flerdir.
\u2022\u0130tilaf Devletleri Misak\u0131mill\u00ee’ den dolay\u0131 T\u00fcrklerin cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131, bunu ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in de \u0130stanbul’un i\u015fgal edilmesine karar vermi\u015flerdir.
\u2022Bu ama\u00e7la 16 Mart 1920\u2018de \u0130stanbul\u2019u resmen i\u015fgal ederek Osmanl\u0131 Mebusan Meclisi\u2019ni basm\u0131\u015flar, bir \u00e7ok ayd\u0131n ve mebusu Malta’ya s\u00fcrg\u00fcne g\u00f6ndermi\u015flerdir.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n
\u0130stanbul\u2019un \u0130\u015fgali;<\/b>
\u2022TBMM’nin a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\u2022\u0130stanbul’un i\u015fgali Mustafa Kemal’in hakl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\u2022\u0130stanbul’dan ka\u00e7an bir \u00e7ok ayd\u0131n Ankara’ya ge\u00e7erek Milli M\u00fccadeleye kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisi\u2019nin a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131 (23 Nisan 1920)<\/span><\/b>
\u202219 Mart 1920\u2019de yay\u0131nlanan bir emirle Ankara\u2019da bir meclis a\u00e7\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 ilan edilmi\u015f ve se\u00e7imlerin yap\u0131lmas\u0131 istenmi\u015ftir.
\u2022Bu arada, \u0130stanbul\u2019da da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lan Mebusan Meclisine \u00fcye olan ve tutuklanmayan milletvekillerinin de a\u00e7\u0131lacak yeni meclise kabul edilece\u011fi ilan edilmi\u015ftir.
\u2022\u0130lk TBMM’ye farkl\u0131 kesimlerin kabul edilmesi hem ulusal iradeye sayg\u0131n\u0131n hem de birlik ve beraberli\u011fe verilen \u00f6nemin g\u00f6stergesidir.
\u2022Meclis 23 Nisan 1920\u2019de Ankara\u2019da a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u2022Mustafa Kemal, bir konu\u015fma yapm\u0131\u015f ve Meclisin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma d\u00fczeninin belirlenmesine y\u00f6nelik bir \u00f6nergeyi Meclis’e sunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

Mustafa Kemal Taraf\u0131ndan Sunulan \u00d6nerge:<\/b>
\u2022H\u00fck\u00fbmet kurmak zorunludur.
\u2022TBMM\u2019nin \u00fcst\u00fcnde hi\u00e7bir g\u00fc\u00e7 yoktur.
\u2022Ge\u00e7ici bir h\u00fck\u00fbmet ba\u015fkan\u0131 atamak ya da padi\u015fah vekili tan\u0131mak do\u011fru de\u011fildir.
\u2022TBMM; yasama ve y\u00fcr\u00fctme yetkilerini elinde bulundurur.
\u2022H\u00fck\u00fbmet i\u015fleri Meclis i\u00e7inden belirlenecek bir kurul taraf\u0131ndan y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmelidir. Meclis ba\u015fkan\u0131 ayn\u0131 zamanda h\u00fck\u00fbmet ba\u015fkan\u0131d\u0131r.
\u2022Padi\u015fah ve halifenin durumu, Meclis\u2019in verece\u011fi karara g\u00f6re, daha sonra belirlenecektir.<\/p>\n

I. TBMM’nin \u00f6zellikleri:<\/b>
\u2022Kurucu meclistir.
\u2022Sava\u015f y\u00f6netmi\u015ftir.
\u2022Demokratiktir ve ulusald\u0131r.
\u2022Siyasi partilere yer verilmemi\u015ftir.
\u2022Meclis h\u00fck\u00fbmeti anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 benimsenmi\u015ftir.
\u2022\u0130htilalcidir.
\u2022G\u00fc\u00e7ler Birli\u011fi’ni benimsemi\u015ftir.
\u2022Yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 tek devrim saltanat\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r<\/p>\n

TBMM’YE KAR\u015eI AYAKLANMALAR<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0130stanbul H\u00fck\u00fcmeti\u2019nce \u00c7\u0131kar\u0131lan Ayaklanmalar<\/b><\/span><\/div>\n

\n
Anzavur isyan\u0131: <\/b>
\u2022Osmanl\u0131 ordusunda daha \u00f6nce subayl\u0131k yapm\u0131\u015f olan Ahmet Anzavur; Adapazar\u0131, Susurluk, Biga,G\u00f6nen b\u00f6lgelerinde Mill\u00ee M\u00fccadele\u2019yi ve TBMM\u2019yi hedef alan bir isyan \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\u2022Bu isyan\u0131n \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131nda, TBMM g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin Bo\u011fazlardan uzak tutulmak istenmesi etkili olmu\u015ftur.
\u2022Aznavur isyan\u0131 \u00c7erkez Ethem y\u00f6netimindeki Kuvay\u0131milliye birliklerince bast\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Kuvay\u0131inzibatiye (Halifelik Ordusu) \u0130syan\u0131:<\/b>
\u2022\u0130stanbul h\u00fck\u00fbmeti taraf\u0131ndan, Kuvay\u0131milliye\u2019ye kar\u015f\u0131, “Kuvay\u0131inzibatiye” ad\u0131yla bir asker\u00ee g\u00fc\u00e7 toparland\u0131.
\u2022”Halifelik Ordusu” da denilen bu asker\u00ee birlik; \u0130zmit, Adapazar\u0131 civar\u0131nda Kuvay\u0131milliye birliklerine sald\u0131rm\u0131\u015f, fakat Ali Fuat Pa\u015fa komutas\u0131ndaki kuvvetler taraf\u0131ndan yenilgiye u\u011frat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\u2022Bu birliklerde yer alan askerlerin \u00f6nemli bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc Kuvay\u0131milliye\u2019ye kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u0130stanbul H\u00fck\u00fbmeti ve \u0130tilaf Devletleri Taraf\u0131ndan \u00c7\u0131kar\u0131lan \u0130syanlar<\/b><\/p>\n

Yozgat \u0130syan\u0131: <\/b>
\u202215 May\u0131s 1920\u2019de Postac\u0131 Naz\u0131m ve \u00c7erkez Kara Mustafa taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan ve \u00c7apano\u011fullar\u0131 a\u015firetinin de destekledi\u011fi isyan \u00c7erkez Ethem taraf\u0131ndan bast\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r <\/span><\/div>\n

\n
Hendek, Bolu, D\u00fczce, Adapazar\u0131 \u0130syanlar\u0131: <\/b>
\u2022Bo\u011fazlar\u0131 kontrol alt\u0131nda tutma d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesindeki \u0130ngilizlerin deste\u011fiyle 13 Nisan 1920\u2019de ba\u015flayan isyan zamanla geni\u015flemi\u015f, 31 May\u0131s 1920\u2019de Ali Fuat Pa\u015fa ve \u00c7erkez Ethem\u2019e ba\u011fl\u0131 Kuvay\u0131milliye birlikleri taraf\u0131ndan bast\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Konya \u0130syan\u0131: <\/b>
\u2022Kuvay\u0131milliye birlikleri kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda tutunamayan Deliba\u015f Mehmet ve taraftarlar\u0131 i\u015fgalci Frans\u0131z birliklerine s\u0131\u011f\u0131nm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. <\/p>\n

Afyon \u0130syan\u0131: <\/b>
\u2022\u0130syanc\u0131 \u00c7opur Musa ve adamlar\u0131 Yunanl\u0131lara s\u0131\u011f\u0131nmak zorunda kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r <\/p>\n

Mill\u00ee A\u015fireti \u0130syan\u0131: <\/b>
\u2022Urfa\u2019n\u0131n Frans\u0131z i\u015fgalinden kurtar\u0131lmas\u0131nda rol oynayan Mill\u00ee A\u015fireti, Frans\u0131z telkinleriyle TBMM\u2019ye kar\u015f\u0131 isyan etmi\u015f (8 Haziran 1920), devlete ba\u011fl\u0131 a\u015firetler ile 5. T\u00fcmen\u2019e yenilerek da\u011f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Cemil \u00c7eto \u0130syan\u0131: <\/b>
\u2022Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir K\u00fcrt devleti kurmay\u0131 ama\u00e7layan Bahtiyar a\u015fireti reisi Cemil \u00c7eto\u2019nun ba\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 isyan 7 Haziran 1920\u2019de bast\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/p>\n

Di\u011fer baz\u0131 isyanlar: <\/b>
\u2022Ali Bat\u0131 \u0130syan\u0131 (Mardin), Ko\u00e7giri \u0130syan\u0131 (Erzincan), \u015eeyh E\u015fref \u0130syan\u0131 (Bayburt).<\/p>\n

Az\u0131nl\u0131klar Taraf\u0131ndan \u00c7\u0131kar\u0131lan \u0130syanlar<\/b><\/p>\n

Ermeni \u0130syanlar\u0131: <\/b>
\u2022Do\u011fu Anadolu\u2019daki Ermeni az\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 \u00e7abalar\u0131 K\u00e2z\u0131m Karabekir Pa\u015fa komutas\u0131ndaki 15. Kolordu taraf\u0131ndan sona erdirilmi\u015ftir.
\u2022Anadolu\u2019nun g\u00fcneyinde Urfa, Adana, Antep ve Mara\u015f b\u00f6lgelerindeki Ermeni az\u0131nl\u0131k da, i\u015fgalci Frans\u0131z g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin b\u00f6lgedeki varl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan yararlanarak ta\u015fk\u0131nl\u0131k yapm\u0131\u015f ve T\u00fcrkleri hedef alan kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131klar \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\u2022Ermenilerin \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131klar\u0131 bu isyan, T\u00fcrk halk\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan kurulan mill\u00ee kuvvetlerce sona erdirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Rum \u0130syanlar\u0131: <\/b>
\u2022Karadeniz\u2019in do\u011fu b\u00f6lgelerinde ya\u015fayan Rumlar, \u0130tilaf Devletleri’nin i\u015fgal giri\u015fimlerinden yararlanarak isyan etmi\u015flerdir.
\u2022Bu isyan\u0131n temel hedefi, Do\u011fu Karadeniz b\u00f6lgesinde ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir Pontus Rum Devleti\u2019ni yeniden kurabilmektir.
\u2022Pontus Rumlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan bu isyan, TBMM birliklerini en fazla u\u011fra\u015ft\u0131ran isyan olmu\u015ftur.
\u2022Az\u0131nl\u0131k unsurlar\u0131n\u0131n Anadolu\u2019da \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131klar\u0131 isyanlar T\u00fcrklerin b\u00f6lge d\u0131\u015f\u0131na g\u00f6\u00e7 etmesini sa\u011flamaya y\u00f6nelikti. B\u00f6ylece, Wilson ilkelerinin baz\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinden yararlanabileceklerini umuyorlard\u0131.<\/p>\n

Kuvay\u0131milliyeciler Taraf\u0131ndan \u00c7\u0131kar\u0131lan \u0130syanlar<\/b>
\u2022Bat\u0131 Anadolu\u2019da Kuvay\u0131milliye yerine d\u00fczenli ordu birliklerinin olu\u015fturulmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar ba\u015flat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, Bat\u0131 Cephesi komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na Albay \u0130smet Bey atanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\u2022Kuvay\u0131milliye liderlerinden ise d\u00fczenli ordunun emrine girmeleri istenmi\u015f, bu istek baz\u0131 Kuvay\u0131milliye liderleri aras\u0131nda kabul g\u00f6rmemi\u015ftir.
\u2022Bu \u015fekilde tepki g\u00f6steren ve yeni kurulan d\u00fczenli ordu birliklerine kat\u0131lmay\u0131 reddeden Kuvay\u0131milliye liderlerinden \u00c7erkez Ethem, Demirci Mehmet Efe ve Y\u00f6r\u00fck Ali Efe TBMM g\u00fc\u00e7lerine isyan etmi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n

\u2022TBMM kuvvetleri, Birinci \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019nda Yunan sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 etkisiz h\u00e2le getirdikten hemen sonra \u00c7erkez Ethem \u00fczerine y\u00f6nelmi\u015f ve bu ki\u015fi taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan isyan sona erdirilmi\u015fti.<\/span><\/div>\n

\n
TBMM \u0130syanlara Kar\u015f\u0131 Ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00d6nlemler:<\/b>
\u2022H\u0131yanet-i Vataniye Kanunu \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131larak isyanc\u0131lar vatan haini ilan edildi.
\u2022\u0130stiklal Mahkemeleri kuruldu.
\u2022Bu mahkemelerin \u00fcyeleri milletvekillerinden olu\u015fuyordu. Bu mahkemeler, TBMM\u2019nin “yarg\u0131” yetkisini de kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6stergesidir.
\u2022Anadolu Ajans\u0131 kuruldu. Halk bilin\u00e7lendirildi.
\u2022\u0130stanbul ile resm\u00ee yaz\u0131\u015fmalar kesildi.
\u2022D\u00fczenli ordunun kurulu\u015funun tamamlanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar h\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131.
\u2022\u0130stanbul h\u00fck\u00fbmetinin kararlar\u0131 ve emirleri ge\u00e7ersiz say\u0131ld\u0131.
\u2022Ankara M\u00fcft\u00fcs\u00fc B\u00f6rek\u00e7izade R\u0131fat Efendi\u2019den Mill\u00ee M\u00fccadele yanl\u0131s\u0131 fetva al\u0131nd\u0131.

SEVR ANTLA\u015eMASI (10 A\u011fustos 1920)<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/div>\n
\n
<\/b>\u2022San Remo\u2019da tasla\u011f\u0131 haz\u0131rlanan ve a\u011f\u0131r maddeler i\u00e7eren Sevr Antla\u015fmas\u0131 \u015eura-\u0131 Saltanat\u2019ta onaylan\u0131nca Maarif Naz\u0131r\u0131 Hadi Pa\u015fa Fransa\u2019ya giderek Osmanl\u0131 Devleti ad\u0131na antla\u015fmay\u0131 imzalam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\u2022Mebusan Meclisi kapal\u0131 oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in Vahdettin, Sadrazam Damat Ferit, Vezirler ve eski kumandanlardan olu\u015fan \u015eura-\u0131 Saltanat\u0131 toplayarak antla\u015fmay\u0131 onaylam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.
\u2022Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin imza koydu\u011fu bir antla\u015fman\u0131n resmiyet kazanabilmesi i\u00e7in Mebusan Meclisi taraf\u0131ndan onaylanmas\u0131 yasal bir gereklilikti. Mebusan Meclisi kapat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in Sevr Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131 onaylamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu durum, Sevr\u2019in resmi dayanaktan yoksun ve hukuken ge\u00e7ersiz oldu\u011funun g\u00f6stergesidir.
\u2022TBMM, Sevr’i tan\u0131mayarak, bu antla\u015fmay\u0131 onaylayanlar\u0131 vatan haini il\u00e2n etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Sevr Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n maddeleri :<\/b>
\u2022\u0130stanbul. Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin ba\u015fkenti olarak kalacak, ancak Osmanl\u0131 Devleti az\u0131nl\u0131k haklar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6zetmezse elinden al\u0131nacakt\u0131r.
\u2022Bo\u011fazlar b\u00fct\u00fcn devletlerin gemilerine a\u00e7\u0131k olacakt\u0131r ve Bo\u011fazlar Komisyonu taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6netilecektir.
\u2022Do\u011fu Anadolu’da ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z Ermeni ve \u00f6zerk bir K\u00fcrt Devleti kurulacakt\u0131r.
\u2022Az\u0131nl\u0131klara geni\u015f haklar tan\u0131nacakt\u0131r (Askerlikten ve vergiden muaf tutulacaklard\u0131r.).
\u2022Do\u011fu Trakya ve Bat\u0131 Anadolu Yunanistan’a; Urfa, Antep dahil olmak \u00fczere Suriye Fransa’ya verilecektir.
\u2022Musul ve Arabistan dahil Irak \u0130ngiltere’ye verilecektir.
\u2022G\u00fcneybat\u0131 Anadolu \u0130talya’ya verilecektir.
\u2022Rodos ve Oniki Ada \u0130talya’ya, di\u011fer Ege Adalar\u0131 ise Yunanistan’a b\u0131rak\u0131lacakt\u0131r.
\u2022Osmanl\u0131 ordusunun a\u011f\u0131r silahlar\u0131 bulunmayacak ve 50700 ki\u015fiden olu\u015facakt\u0131r.
\u2022Kapit\u00fclasyonlar b\u00fct\u00fcn devletlere tan\u0131nacakt\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

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M\u0130LL\u0130 M\u00dcCADELE’N\u0130N HAZIRLIK D\u00d6NEM\u0130\u0130stanbul\u2019un \u0130\u015fgali (16 Mart 1920)\u2022Meclisin a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131na tepki g\u00f6stermeyen \u0130tilaf Devletleri, meclisten kendi isteklerinin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kararlar\u0131n \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 \u00fczerine tav\u0131r de\u011fi\u015ftirmi\u015flerdir.\u2022\u0130tilaf Devletleri Misak\u0131mill\u00ee’ den […]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_regular_price":[],"currency_symbol":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[62],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1008","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-konu-ozetleri"],"post_slider_layout_featured_media_urls":{"thumbnail":"","post_slider_layout_landscape_large":"","post_slider_layout_portrait_large":"","post_slider_layout_square_large":"","post_slider_layout_landscape":"","post_slider_layout_portrait":"","post_slider_layout_square":"","full":""},"yoast_head":"\n49- \u0130STANBUL'UN \u0130\u015eGAL\u0130, TBMM'N\u0130N A\u00c7ILI\u015eI, TBMM'YE KAR\u015eI \u00c7IKAN AYAKLANMALAR, SEVR ANTLA\u015eMASI - 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