{"id":1010,"date":"2017-08-13T13:12:00","date_gmt":"2017-08-13T10:12:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/index.php\/2017\/08\/13\/47-cemiyetler-izmirin-isgali-kuvayimilliye\/"},"modified":"2017-08-13T13:12:00","modified_gmt":"2017-08-13T10:12:00","slug":"47-cemiyetler-izmirin-isgali-kuvayimilliye","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/index.php\/2017\/08\/13\/47-cemiyetler-izmirin-isgali-kuvayimilliye\/","title":{"rendered":"47- CEM\u0130YETLER, \u0130ZM\u0130R’\u0130N \u0130\u015eGAL\u0130, KUVAYIM\u0130LL\u0130YE"},"content":{"rendered":"

CEM\u0130YETLER<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

\n
Az\u0131nl\u0131klar Taraf\u0131ndan Kurulan Zararl\u0131 Cemiyetler:<\/b><\/span><\/div>\n
\n
\u2022Etnik-i Eterya Cemiyeti:<\/b> \u0130lk Rum Cemiyetidir. 1814 y\u0131l\u0131nda kuruldu. Anadolu\u2019nun bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc ve \u0130stanbul\u2019u da i\u00e7ine alan bir<\/span>
\n<\/a> Bizans Devleti kurmay\u0131 ama\u00e7l\u0131yordu.
\u2022Mavri Mira Cemiyeti:<\/b> Rumlar taraf\u0131ndan kurulmu\u015f olup, Bat\u0131 Anadolu topraklar\u0131n\u0131n ve \u0130stanbul\u2019un da i\u00e7inde yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir Yunan Devleti olu\u015fturmay\u0131 ama\u00e7l\u0131yordu. B\u00fct\u00fcn Rum te\u015fekk\u00fclleri 1919 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n sonlar\u0131na do\u011fru Mavri Mira Cemiyeti’nin \u00e7at\u0131s\u0131 alt\u0131nda birle\u015fmi\u015ftir.
\u2022Pontus Rum Cemiyeti: <\/b>Samsun, Trabzon ve Artvin\u2019in yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 Do\u011fu Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131nda ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z Pontus Devleti kurmay\u0131 ama\u00e7l\u0131yordu. Kurduklar\u0131 \u00e7eteler ile T\u00fcrkler \u00fczerinde bask\u0131 kurmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f ve katliamlar ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmi\u015ftir.
\u2022Ta\u015fnak ve H\u0131n\u00e7ak Cemiyetleri:<\/b> Bu cemiyetler Ermeniler taraf\u0131ndan kurulmu\u015f olup, Do\u011fu Anadolu\u2019da ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z Ermeni Devleti kurmay\u0131 ama\u00e7l\u0131yorlard\u0131. Do\u011fu Anadolu\u2019da T\u00fcrk halk\u0131na y\u00f6nelik katliamlara giri\u015fmi\u015f ve b\u00f6lgede Ermeni n\u00fcfusunun daha fazla oldu\u011funu ileri s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015flerdir.
\u2022Alyans \u0130srail ve Makabi Cemiyetleri: <\/b>Bu cemiyetler, \u0130tilaf Devletleri’nin deste\u011fini alarak Filistin\u2019de ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir devlet kurmay\u0131 ama\u00e7layan Yahudiler taraf\u0131ndan olu\u015fturulmu\u015ftur. Osmanl\u0131 topraklar\u0131nda ya\u015fayan Yahudiler, sosyal ve ticari konumlar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmek i\u00e7in faaliyet g\u00f6stermi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n

Az\u0131nl\u0131k Cemiyetlerinin \u00d6zellikleri:<\/b>
\u2022\u0130tilaf Devletleri’nin deste\u011fini elde etmi\u015f, bu g\u00fc\u00e7lerle birlikte hareket etmi\u015flerdir.
\u2022Osmanl\u0131 topraklar\u0131 \u00fczerinde kendi ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z devletlerini kurmay\u0131 ama\u00e7lam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.
\u2022\u0130tilaf Devletleri’nin i\u015fgallerini kolayla\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.
\u2022Din\u00ee kurumlar taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6nlendirilmi\u015f ve az\u0131nl\u0131k okullar\u0131n\u0131 kullanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar Taraf\u0131ndan Kurulan Zararl\u0131 Cemiyetler:<\/b>
\u2022Sulh ve Selamet-i Osmaniye Cemiyeti: <\/b>Padi\u015faha ba\u011fl\u0131 kal\u0131nmas\u0131 ve onun emirlerinin d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131k\u0131lmamas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini savunan cemiyettir.
\u2022\u0130slam Teali Cemiyeti:<\/b> \u0130stanbul\u2019da medrese \u00f6\u011frencileri ve hocalar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan kurulmu\u015f bir cemiyettir. Ayn\u0131 zamanda halife olan padi\u015fah\u0131n emirlerinin d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131k\u0131lmamas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini savunmu\u015ftur.
\u2022K\u00fcrt Teali Cemiyeti: <\/b>Do\u011fu Anadolu\u2019da ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir K\u00fcrt Devleti kurmay\u0131 ama\u00e7lam\u0131\u015f, Wilson ilkelerini de kullanmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\u2022Wilson \u0130lkeleri Cemiyeti:<\/b> Halide Edip Ad\u0131var’\u0131n da aralar\u0131nda bulundu\u011fu bu cemiyet i\u015fgaller kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n korunamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ileri s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f, ABD\u2019nin himayesine girilmesi gerekti\u011fini savunmu\u015ftur.
\u2022\u0130ngiliz Muhipleri Cemiyeti<\/b>: \u0130\u015fgallerin ancak \u0130ngiltere ile iyi ge\u00e7inilerek engellenebilece\u011fini ileri s\u00fcren bu cemiyetin \u00fcyeleri aras\u0131nda d\u00f6nemin sadrazam\u0131 ve ba\u015fka baz\u0131 devlet adamlar\u0131 yer almaktad\u0131r.
\u2022Nigehban askeri cemiyeti: <\/b>Milli m\u00fccadeleye kar\u015f\u0131 olan emekli Osmanl\u0131 subaylar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan kurulmu\u015ftur

Yararl\u0131 Cemiyetler:<\/b>
\u2022Do\u011fu Anadolu M\u00fcdafaa-i Hukuk Cemiyeti:<\/b> Ermenilerin Do\u011fu Anadolu\u2019da ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir devlet kurmas\u0131n\u0131 engellemek ve T\u00fcrk unsurlar\u0131 korumak amac\u0131yla kurulmu\u015ftur. Bu cemiyet Erzurum Kongresi\u2019ni d\u00fczenlemi\u015f, bas\u0131n yay\u0131n imk\u00e2nlar\u0131n\u0131 kullanarak i\u015fgallerin haks\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koymaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. T\u00fcrklerin b\u00f6lgeden g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcn\u00fcn engellenmesi i\u00e7in u\u011fra\u015f vermi\u015ftir.
\u2022Kilikyal\u0131lar Cemiyeti: <\/b>Frans\u0131zlar\u0131n Adana ve \u00e7evresini i\u015fgalleri kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda b\u00f6lge halk\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan kurulmu\u015ftur.
\u2022Trakya Pa\u015faeli M\u00fcdafaa-i Hukuk Cemiyeti: <\/b>Bu cemiyet, Trakya\u2019da meydana gelen i\u015fgallere kar\u015f\u0131 T\u00fcrklerin haklar\u0131n\u0131 korumay\u0131 ve Rumlar\u0131n ta\u015fk\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 engellemeyi ama\u00e7 edinmi\u015ftir. Devlet kurma amac\u0131na sahip tek yararl\u0131 cemiyettir.
\u2022\u0130zmir Redd-i \u0130lhak Cemiyeti:<\/b> Yunanl\u0131lar\u2019\u0131n \u0130zmir\u2019i i\u015fgalini sona erdirmek ve bu i\u015fgalin haks\u0131z oldu\u011funu d\u00fcnyaya duyurmak amac\u0131 ile kurulmu\u015ftur. Bu cemiyet Bal\u0131kesir ve Ala\u015fehir kongrelerinin toplanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015f ve bu kongreler de Bat\u0131 Cephesi’ni kurmu\u015ftur.
\u2022\u0130zmir M\u00fcdafaa-i Hukuk Cemiyeti: <\/b>\u0130zmir\u2019in T\u00fcrklere ait oldu\u011funu bas\u0131n arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla duyurmay\u0131 ama\u00e7layan bir cemiyettir. Bat\u0131 Anadolu\u2019da Kuvay\u0131 milliye birliklerine silah sa\u011flanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in faaliyet g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. Mill\u00ee Kongre Cemiyeti: \u0130stanbul\u2019da kurulan bu cemiyet, T\u00fcrk haklar\u0131n\u0131 bas\u0131n yoluyla d\u00fcnyaya duyurmay\u0131 ama\u00e7lam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kuvay\u0131 milliye tabirini ilk defa resmi olarak kullanan cemiyet Milli Kongre Cemiyetidir.
\u2022Trabzon Muhafaza-i Hukuki Milliye Cemiyeti:<\/b> Do\u011fu Karadeniz\u2019de ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z Rum Devleti kurmay\u0131 hedefleyen Rumlar\u0131n b\u00f6l\u00fcc\u00fc giri\u015fimlerini \u00f6nlemek amac\u0131yla kurulmu\u015ftur.
\u2022Gizli karakol:<\/b> \u0130stanbul\u2019un i\u015fgal edilmesine tepki olarak kurulmu\u015ftur.
\u2022Milli M\u00fcdafaa Grubu: <\/b>Anadolu’ya silah temin etmi\u015ftir.
\u2022Anadolu Kad\u0131nlar\u0131 Cemiyeti:<\/b> Sivas merkezli bir cemiyettir.<\/p>\n

Yararl\u0131 Cemiyetlerin \u00d6zellikleri:<\/b>
\u2022Birbirlerinden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z \u015fekilde, Anadolu\u2019nun farkl\u0131 y\u00f6relerinde kurulmu\u015flard\u0131r.
\u2022Ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerin kurtulu\u015fu i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r (b\u00f6lgesel kurtulu\u015f).
\u2022Olu\u015fumlar\u0131nda T\u00fcrkl\u00fck duygusu etkili olmu\u015ftur.
\u2022\u0130\u015fgalci g\u00fc\u00e7lere ve az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131n b\u00f6l\u00fcc\u00fc faaliyetlerine kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadele vermi\u015flerdir.
\u2022\u0130\u015fgallere kar\u015f\u0131 bas\u0131n yoluyla m\u00fccadele etmi\u015f, bundan bir sonu\u00e7 al\u0131namamas\u0131 nedeniyle silahl\u0131 direni\u015fi \u00f6rg\u00fctlemi\u015flerdir.
\u2022Wilson ilkelerine dayanarak, b\u00f6lgelerinin T\u00fcrkl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc kan\u0131tlamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u2022Sivas Kongresi ile “Anadolu ve Rumeli M\u00fcdafaa-i Hukuk Cemiyeti” ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda birle\u015ftirilmi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n

\u0130zmir’in \u0130\u015fgali (15 May\u0131s 1919):<\/span><\/b>
\u202215 May\u0131s 1919\u2019da Yunan kuvvetleri \u0130zmir liman\u0131nda demirli donanmadan \u0130zmir\u2019e asker \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.
\u2022Yunanl\u0131lar, \u0130zmir\u2019in i\u015fgalinin hakl\u0131 oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermek ve i\u015fgale hukuki zemin olu\u015fturabilmek i\u00e7in \u015fu gerek\u00e7eleri ileri s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015flerdir:
\u2022\u0130zmir ve \u00e7evresinde Rumlar T\u00fcrklerden fazlad\u0131r.
\u2022T\u00fcrk unsurlar Hristiyan Rumlar\u0131 katletmektedirler.
\u2022\u015eehre girmeye ba\u015flayan Yunan askerlerine ilk kur\u015funu gazeteci Hasan Tahsin atm\u0131\u015f, bu geli\u015fmeyi gerek\u00e7e g\u00f6steren Yunanl\u0131lar \u0130zmir\u2019de b\u00fcy\u00fck bir katliama giri\u015fmi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n

\u2022Halk taraf\u0131ndan i\u015fgallere kar\u015f\u0131 kurulan Kuvay\u0131 mill\u00eeye birlikleri \u0130zmir’in i\u015fgalinden sonra ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Amiral Bristol Raporu:<\/b>
\u2022\u0130\u015fgal sonras\u0131nda Yunan birlikleri taraf\u0131ndan ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen katliamlar Avrupa gazetelerinde haber olarak yer alm\u0131\u015f, Avrupa kamuoyunda tepkiler olu\u015fmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

\u2022Amerikal\u0131 Amiral Bristol\u2019un ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bir heyetin Bat\u0131 Anadolu\u2019da inceleme yapmas\u0131na ve bir rapor haz\u0131rlamas\u0131na karar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Amiral Bristol Raporu Maddeleri:<\/b>
\u2022Rumlar\u0131n \u0130zmir ve \u00e7evresinde katledildi\u011fi bilgisi yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\u2022B\u00f6lgedeki Rum az\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n g\u00fcvenlikleri tehlikede de\u011fildir. Yunanl\u0131lar\u0131n bu konu ile ilgili olarak \u0130tilaf Devletleri’ne verdikleri bilgiler do\u011fru de\u011fildir.
\u2022B\u00f6lgede Rum n\u00fcfusu T\u00fcrk n\u00fcfusundan fazla de\u011fildir.
\u2022\u0130zmir\u2019in i\u015fgali sonras\u0131nda b\u00f6lgede ya\u015fanan \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma ve katliamlar\u0131n sorumlulu\u011fu Yunan taraf\u0131na aittir.
\u2022Yunan askerleri b\u00f6lgeden \u00e7ekilmeli ve b\u00f6lgeye \u0130tilaf Devletleri birlikleri g\u00f6nderilmelidir.
\u2022Amiral Bristol taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanan rapor, T\u00fcrkler\u2019in hakl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 uluslararas\u0131 alanda ortaya koyan ilk belgedir.<\/p>\n

KUVAYIM\u0130LL\u0130YE<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Kuvay\u0131milliye\u2019nin \u00d6zellikleri:<\/b><\/span><\/div>\n

\n
<\/b>\u2022\u0130\u015fgallere kar\u015f\u0131 kurulan direni\u015f cemiyetlerinin bas\u0131n arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla ba\u015flatt\u0131klar\u0131 m\u00fccadeleler i\u015fgalleri durdurmam\u0131\u015f, silahl\u0131 direni\u015fin zorunluluk oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu durum, farkl\u0131 y\u00f6relerde silahl\u0131 Kuvay\u0131milliye birliklerinin olu\u015fturulmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\u2022G\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fcl\u00fck esas\u0131na dayal\u0131 birliklerdir. Asker\u00ee disiplinden yoksundur.
\u2022Herhangi bir merkezden emir almadan hareket etmi\u015ftir.
\u2022B\u00f6lgeseldir.
\u2022Her t\u00fcrl\u00fc ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 halktan kar\u015f\u0131lam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\u2022\u0130\u015fgalleri sona erdirememi\u015f, ancak d\u00fczenli ordu birlikleri olu\u015fturulana kadar i\u015fgalci g\u00fc\u00e7leri oyalam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n
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CEM\u0130YETLER Az\u0131nl\u0131klar Taraf\u0131ndan Kurulan Zararl\u0131 Cemiyetler: \u2022Etnik-i Eterya Cemiyeti: \u0130lk Rum Cemiyetidir. 1814 y\u0131l\u0131nda kuruldu. Anadolu\u2019nun bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc ve \u0130stanbul\u2019u da i\u00e7ine alan bir Bizans […]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_regular_price":[],"currency_symbol":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[62],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1010","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-konu-ozetleri"],"post_slider_layout_featured_media_urls":{"thumbnail":"","post_slider_layout_landscape_large":"","post_slider_layout_portrait_large":"","post_slider_layout_square_large":"","post_slider_layout_landscape":"","post_slider_layout_portrait":"","post_slider_layout_square":"","full":""},"yoast_head":"\n47- CEM\u0130YETLER, \u0130ZM\u0130R'\u0130N \u0130\u015eGAL\u0130, KUVAYIM\u0130LL\u0130YE - tarihkursu.com<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/index.php\/2017\/08\/13\/47-cemiyetler-izmirin-isgali-kuvayimilliye\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"47- CEM\u0130YETLER, \u0130ZM\u0130R'\u0130N \u0130\u015eGAL\u0130, KUVAYIM\u0130LL\u0130YE - tarihkursu.com\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"CEM\u0130YETLER Az\u0131nl\u0131klar Taraf\u0131ndan Kurulan Zararl\u0131 Cemiyetler: \u2022Etnik-i Eterya Cemiyeti: \u0130lk Rum Cemiyetidir. 1814 y\u0131l\u0131nda kuruldu. 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