{"id":1036,"date":"2017-07-30T17:22:00","date_gmt":"2017-07-30T14:22:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/index.php\/2017\/07\/30\/44-i-dunya-savasi-osmanli-devletinin-savastigi-cepheler\/"},"modified":"2017-07-30T17:22:00","modified_gmt":"2017-07-30T14:22:00","slug":"44-i-dunya-savasi-osmanli-devletinin-savastigi-cepheler","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/index.php\/2017\/07\/30\/44-i-dunya-savasi-osmanli-devletinin-savastigi-cepheler\/","title":{"rendered":"44- I. D\u00dcNYA SAVA\u015eI, OSMANLI DEVLET\u0130N\u0130N SAVA\u015eTI\u011eI CEPHELER"},"content":{"rendered":"

I. D\u00dcNYA SAVA\u015eI<\/b><\/span>
Genel Nedenler<\/b>
\u2022Ham Madde ve Pazar Aray\u0131\u015f\u0131
\u2022Milliyet\u00e7ilik D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi
\u2022Silahlanma Yar\u0131\u015f\u0131<\/a><\/p>\n

\u00d6zel Nedenler:<\/b>
\u2022Almanya’n\u0131n 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l sonlar\u0131ndan ba\u015flayarak b\u00fcy\u00fck bir h\u0131zla silahlanmaya ba\u015flamas\u0131, en b\u00fcy\u00fck s\u00f6m\u00fcrgeci devlet olan \u0130ngiltere\u2019nin \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131 tehlikeye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmesi.
\u2022Fransa’n\u0131n 1871’de Almanya’ya b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 Alsace – Loraines’i geri almak istemesi
\u2022Rusya\u2019n\u0131n Panslavist politikas\u0131n\u0131n Avusturya – Macaristan imparatorlu\u011fu’nun \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131na ters d\u00fc\u015fmesi
\u2022S\u0131rbistan’\u0131n, Avusturya \u2013 Macaristan\u2019dan toprak istemesi
\u2022Rusya\u2019n\u0131n s\u0131cak denizlere ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in Panslavizm politikas\u0131na a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k vermesi
\u2022\u0130talya\u2019n\u0131n Akdeniz havzas\u0131nda s\u00f6m\u00fcrge elde etmek istemesi.
\u2022Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin toprak b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc korumakta ve baz\u0131 kazan\u0131mlar elde etmek istemesi.
\u2022Bulgaristan\u2019\u0131n Balkanlarda daha fazla toprak elde etmek istemesi
\u2022Avusturya – Macaristan Veliaht\u0131n\u0131n bir S\u0131rp milliyet\u00e7isi taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesi <\/p>\n

Sava\u015f\u0131n Taraflar\u0131<\/b>
\u2022Sava\u015f ba\u015f\u0131nda devletler aras\u0131nda blokla\u015fma ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunlar: <\/p>\n

\u00dc\u00e7l\u00fc itilaf (Anla\u015fma): \u0130ngiltere, Fransa, Rusya <\/p>\n

\u00dc\u00e7l\u00fc \u0130ttifak (Ba\u011fla\u015fma): Almanya. Avusturya – Macaristan, \u0130talya
\u2022\u0130talya sava\u015f s\u0131ras\u0131nda taraf de\u011fi\u015ftirerek \u0130tilaf Devletlerinin yan\u0131na ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir.
\u2022Romanya, Japonya, ABD ve Yunanistan itilaf devletlerinin yan\u0131nda sava\u015fa kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\u2022Osmanl\u0131 Devleti ve Bulgaristan bir d\u00f6nem sonra \u0130ttifak grubu yan\u0131nda sava\u015fa kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u2022Japonya, Uzak Do\u011fu\u2019da bulunan Alman s\u00f6m\u00fcrgelerini ele ge\u00e7irmek i\u00e7in sava\u015fa girmi\u015f ve amac\u0131na k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131’ndan ilk olarak Japonya \u00e7ekilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin Sava\u015fa Giri\u015fi<\/b>
\u2022Osmanl\u0131 y\u00f6netimi sava\u015f ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda tarafs\u0131z oldu\u011funu ilan etmi\u015f, Bo\u011fazlar\u0131n kapat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve kapit\u00fclasyonlar\u0131n tek tarafl\u0131 olarak kald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ifade etmi\u015ftir.
\u2022Sava\u015f\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlayan Osmanl\u0131 Devleti ilk olarak \u0130ngiltere ve Fransa ile ba\u011flant\u0131 kurmak istemi\u015f fakat reddedilmi\u015ftir. Bunun en b\u00fcy\u00fck nedeni Rusya\u2019y\u0131 kendi yanlar\u0131nda tutmak istemeleridir.
\u2022Almanya ise Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin kendi yan\u0131nda sava\u015fa girmesi i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7aba harcam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Almanya\u2019n\u0131n Osmanl\u0131 Devletini Yan\u0131nda \u0130stemesinin Nedenleri:<\/b>
\u2022Halifenin n\u00fcfuzundan yararlanmak
\u2022\u0130ngiltere\u2019nin Hint s\u00f6m\u00fcrge yolunu ele ge\u00e7irmek
\u2022Yeni cepheler a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayarak, kendi asker\u00ee y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fc hafifletmek
\u2022Osmanl\u0131 insan g\u00fcc\u00fcnden ve ham madde kaynaklar\u0131ndan yararlanmak (Musul-Kerk\u00fck petrollerinden yararlanma d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi)
\u2022Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin co\u011frafi konumunu ve Bo\u011fazlar\u0131 kullanmak
\u2022Rusya\u2019ya yap\u0131lacak yard\u0131mlar\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc kesmek<\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin Sava\u015fa Giri\u015fi:<\/b>
\u2022Alman donanmas\u0131na ait Goben ve Breslav adl\u0131 sava\u015f gemileri \u0130ngiliz donanmas\u0131ndan ka\u00e7arak Osmanl\u0131 Devletine s\u0131\u011f\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\u2022Osmanl\u0131 Devleti tarafs\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 korumak i\u00e7in gemileri sat\u0131n ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yavuz ve Midilli adlar\u0131n\u0131 alan gemiler, Karadeniz’de Rusya’n\u0131n Sivastapol ve Odessa limanlar\u0131n\u0131 bombalam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Bu olay ile Osmanl\u0131 Devleti resmen sava\u015fa girmi\u015f oldu.
\u2022Osmanl\u0131lar\u0131n Sava\u015fa Girmesi \u0130le:
\u2022Yeni cepheler a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, sava\u015f daha geni\u015f bir alana yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\u2022Sava\u015f; \u0130tilaf Devletleri i\u00e7in daha g\u00fc\u00e7 h\u00e2le gelmi\u015f ve uzam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\u2022\u0130ngiltere K\u0131br\u0131s\u2019\u0131 topraklar\u0131na katt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ilan etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

OSMANLI DEVLET\u0130’N\u0130N SAVA\u015eTI\u011eI CEPHELER<\/span><\/b>
<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\u2022Taarruz Cepheleri: Kafkas, Kanal<\/span><\/div>\n
\n
\u2022Savunma Cepheleri: \u00c7anakkale, Suriye, Filistin, Irak, Yemen, Hicaz<\/p>\n

\u2022Yard\u0131m Cepheleri: Gali\u00e7ya, Romanya, Makedonya<\/p>\n

TAARRUZ CEPHELER\u0130<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Kafkas Cephesi:<\/b>
\u2022Nedenleri:<\/b>
\u2022Orta Asya T\u00fcrkleri ile birle\u015ferek Turanc\u0131l\u0131k d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinin ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmek istenmesi
\u2022Kars, Ardahan ve Batum\u2018 un geri al\u0131nmak istenmesi
\u2022Bak\u00fc petrol b\u00f6lgelerinin al\u0131nmak istenmesi<\/span><\/div>\n

\n
\u2022Enver Pa\u015fa Sar\u0131kam\u0131\u015f Harek\u00e2t\u0131n\u0131 ba\u015flatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak a\u011f\u0131r k\u0131\u015f \u015fartlar\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 90.000 T\u00fcrk askeri hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetmi\u015ftir. Bunun \u00fczerine sald\u0131r\u0131ya ge\u00e7en Ruslar Erzurum, Mu\u015f, Bitlis, Trabzon, Erzincan ve Van\u2019\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irmi\u015flerdir.
\u2022Mu\u015f ve Bitlis Mustafa Kemal Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n da \u00e7abalar\u0131 ile geri al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\u2022Osmanl\u0131 Devleti 1915 y\u0131l\u0131nda Tehcir Kanununu yay\u0131nlayarak Do\u011fu Anadolu’da ya\u015fayan Ermenileri Suriye ve Filistin taraflar\u0131na zorunlu g\u00f6\u00e7e tabi tutmu\u015ftur.
\u2022Bol\u015fevik ihtil\u00e2li\u2019nin \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 \u00fczerine Rusya 1918’de Brest Litovsk Antla\u015fmas\u0131’n\u0131 imzalayarak I. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131ndan \u00e7ekilmi\u015f ve i\u015fgal etti\u011fi topraklar\u0131 bo\u015faltm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\u2022B\u00f6ylece Kafkasya Cephesi kapanm\u0131\u015f ve Rusya Berlin Antla\u015fmas\u0131 ile ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kars, Ardahan ve Batum’u Osmanl\u0131 Devleti ne geri vermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Kanal Cephesi:<\/b>
\u2022Almanya\u2019n\u0131n iste\u011fi \u00fczerine, S\u00fcvey\u015f Kanal\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irilmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\u2022Bu \u015fekilde, \u0130ngiltere\u2019nin elinde tuttu\u011fu Hint s\u00f6m\u00fcrgelerine giden yol kesilmek istenmi\u015ftir.
\u20221915\u2019te kanala y\u00f6nelik olarak d\u00fczenlenen harekatlar, Araplar\u0131n \u0130ngilizlerin yan\u0131nda yer almas\u0131 ve Almanya\u2019dan yeterince yard\u0131m elde edilememesi nedeniyle ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.

SAVUNMA CEPHELER\u0130<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

\u00c7anakkale Cephesi:<\/b>
\u2022Nedenleri:<\/b>
\u2022\u0130ngiltere ve Fransa’n\u0131n ekonomik bunal\u0131ma giren Rusya’ya yard\u0131m g\u00f6t\u00fcrmek istemeleri
\u2022\u0130tilaf devletlerinin Osmanl\u0131 Devletini sava\u015f d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda b\u0131rakarak sava\u015f\u0131 bir an \u00f6nce bitirmek istemeleri
\u2022\u0130ngiltere’nin Balkanlarda yeni cepheler a\u00e7arak. \u0130ttifak Devletleri aras\u0131ndaki ba\u011flant\u0131y\u0131 koparmak istemeleri<\/span><\/div>\n

\n
\u2022\u0130tilaf donanmas\u0131, \u015eubat 1915\u2019te \u00c7anakkale Bo\u011faz\u0131\u2019n\u0131 do\u011frudan ge\u00e7meye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f, fakat kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 direni\u015f nedeniyle geri \u00e7ekilmi\u015flerdir.
\u2022Denizden ge\u00e7emeyeceklerini anlayan \u0130tilaf Devletleri, bu kez karaya asker \u00e7\u0131kararak Bo\u011faz\u0131n iki taraf\u0131nda bulunan top bataryalar\u0131n\u0131 imha etmeyi planlam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.
\u2022Burada da Osmanl\u0131 ordusunun direni\u015fi ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fan \u0130tilaf kuvvetleri, b\u00fcy\u00fck kay\u0131plar vererek b\u00f6lgeyi terk etmek zorunda kalm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/span><\/div>\n
\n
\u2022Sonu\u00e7lar\u0131: <\/b>
\u2022Rusya’ya yard\u0131m gitmemi\u015f ve Bol\u015fevik ihtilaline ortam haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\u2022Sava\u015f\u0131n s\u00fcresi iki y\u0131l kadar uzam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\u2022Her iki taraftan toplam yar\u0131m milyona yak\u0131n insan hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetmi\u015ftir.
\u2022Bulgaristan. Almanya’n\u0131n yan\u0131nda sava\u015fa girmi\u015f ve Osmanl\u0131- Alman kara ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 kurulmu\u015ftur.
\u2022Mustafa Kemal bu cephedeki ba\u015far\u0131lar\u0131 t\u00fcm ulus taraf\u0131ndan tan\u0131nmas\u0131n sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.

Irak Cephesi:<\/b>
\u2022Irak\u2019ta bulunan petrol yataklar\u0131n\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irmek isteyen \u0130ngiltere, ayn\u0131 zamanda Osmanl\u0131lar\u0131n Do\u011fu ile ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 kesmeyi ve Ruslara yard\u0131m g\u00f6ndermeyi planlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\u2022Kut\u00fc\u2019l-Amare b\u00f6lgesinde \u0130ngiliz kuvvetleri kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda ba\u015far\u0131 kazan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, fakat b\u00f6lgede say\u0131lar\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131lan \u0130ngiliz g\u00fc\u00e7lerine kar\u015f\u0131 daha fazla direnilememi\u015ftir.
Osmanl\u0131lar\u0131n Irak Cephesi’nde yenilgiye u\u011framas\u0131 \u00fczerine ilerleyen \u0130ngilizler, Ba\u011fdat\u2019\u0131 i\u015fgal ederek Musul\u2019a kadar olan b\u00f6lgeyi kontrol alt\u0131na alm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Suriye-Filistin Cephesi:<\/b>
\u2022Osmanl\u0131 birliklerinin Kanal harek\u00e2t\u0131nda ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ard\u0131ndan kuzeye do\u011fru ilerleyen \u0130ngilizler, Kud\u00fcs dahil olmak \u00fczere Filistin topraklar\u0131n\u0131 i\u015fgal etmi\u015flerdir.
\u2022Osmanl\u0131 ordusu taraf\u0131ndan olu\u015fturulan yeni savunma hatt\u0131n\u0131n par\u00e7alanmas\u0131 \u00fczerine, Osmanl\u0131 birlikleri Mustafa Kemal taraf\u0131ndan geri \u00e7ekilmi\u015ftir.
\u2022I. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131nda Mustafa Kemal son olarak Suriye Cephesi’nde g\u00f6rev yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.

Hicaz- Yemen Cephesi:<\/b>
\u2022Araplar\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n isyan etmesi Hicaz\u2019da bulunan Osmanl\u0131 birliklerini zor durumda b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015f, bu nedenle \u0130tilaf Devletleri’nin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra Araplarla da m\u00fccadele edilmek zorunda kal\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\u2022\u0130ngiltere Mac- Mahon Antla\u015fmas\u0131 ile Araplara ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k vaad ederek desteklerini alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\u2022Baz\u0131 Araplar\u0131n i\u015fgalci g\u00fc\u00e7lerle birlikte hareket etmeleri, \u0130slamc\u0131l\u0131k d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinin ve \u00fcmmet\u00e7ilik anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n etkisinin azald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6stergesidir.
\u2022Osmanl\u0131 askerleri Mekke ve Medine gibi kutsal topraklar\u0131 terk etmek zorunda kalm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

YARDIM AMACI \u0130LE A\u00c7ILAN CEPHELER<\/b><\/p>\n

Makedonya, Romanya ve Gali\u00e7ya Cepheleri:<\/b>
\u2022Balkanlarda \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu d\u0131\u015f cephelere, Bulgaristan ve Avusturya- Macaristan\u2019a destek i\u00e7in Osmanl\u0131 Devleti taraf\u0131ndan asker g\u00f6nderilmi\u015ftir.
\u2022Rusya\u2019n\u0131n sava\u015ftan \u00e7ekilmesi ile kapanan bu cephelerde Rus, S\u0131rp, Romen askerleri ile m\u00fccadele edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

\u2022Mustafa Kemal I. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019nda \u00c7anakkale, Kafkas ve Suriye- Filistin cephelerinde sava\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

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I. D\u00dcNYA SAVA\u015eIGenel Nedenler\u2022Ham Madde ve Pazar Aray\u0131\u015f\u0131\u2022Milliyet\u00e7ilik D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi\u2022Silahlanma Yar\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u00d6zel Nedenler:\u2022Almanya’n\u0131n 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l sonlar\u0131ndan ba\u015flayarak b\u00fcy\u00fck bir h\u0131zla silahlanmaya ba\u015flamas\u0131, en b\u00fcy\u00fck s\u00f6m\u00fcrgeci devlet […]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_regular_price":[],"currency_symbol":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[62],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1036","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-konu-ozetleri"],"post_slider_layout_featured_media_urls":{"thumbnail":"","post_slider_layout_landscape_large":"","post_slider_layout_portrait_large":"","post_slider_layout_square_large":"","post_slider_layout_landscape":"","post_slider_layout_portrait":"","post_slider_layout_square":"","full":""},"yoast_head":"\n44- I. 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