{"id":1038,"date":"2017-07-30T14:03:00","date_gmt":"2017-07-30T11:03:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/index.php\/2017\/07\/30\/42-osmanli-devletinde-tasra-teskilati-askeri-teskilat-egitim\/"},"modified":"2017-07-30T14:03:00","modified_gmt":"2017-07-30T11:03:00","slug":"42-osmanli-devletinde-tasra-teskilati-askeri-teskilat-egitim","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/index.php\/2017\/07\/30\/42-osmanli-devletinde-tasra-teskilati-askeri-teskilat-egitim\/","title":{"rendered":"42- OSMANLI DEVLET\u0130NDE TA\u015eRA TE\u015eK\u0130LATI, ASKER\u0130 TE\u015eK\u0130LAT, E\u011e\u0130T\u0130M"},"content":{"rendered":"

TA\u015eRA TE\u015eK\u0130LATI<\/span><\/b>
<\/span><\/p>\n

\nEyalet:<\/b>
\u2022Eyalet (Beylerbeyli\u011fi), Osmanl\u0131 Devleti’nde temel y\u00f6netim birimidir.
\u2022Eyaletler sancaklara, sancaklar kazalara, kazalar nahiyelere, <\/a>nahiyeler ise k\u00f6ylere ayr\u0131l\u0131r.
\u2022Eyaletler beylerbeyi, sancaklar sancakbeyi, kazalar kad\u0131lar, nahiye ve k\u00f6yler ise t\u0131marl\u0131 sipahiler taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6netilirdi.
\u2022I. Murat D\u00f6nemi’nde ta\u015frada Rumeli Beylerbeyli\u011fi (K\u00fctahya),
\u2022Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m Bayezid D\u00f6nemi’nde ise Anadolu Beylerbeyli\u011fi (Manast\u0131r)kurulmu\u015ftur.
<\/span><\/div>\n
\nEYALETLER<\/b><\/p>\n

Saly\u00e2neli (Y\u0131ll\u0131kl\u0131) Eyaletler:<\/b>
\u2022Merkeze uzak eyaletlerdir.
\u2022T\u0131mar sisteminin uygulanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 eyaletlerdir.
\u2022Merkeze y\u0131ll\u0131k vergi g\u00f6nderen eyaletlerdir.
\u2022Gelirinin bir k\u0131sm\u0131yla eyaletteki g\u00f6revlilerin maa\u015flar\u0131 \u00f6denir; kalan b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ise merkeze g\u00f6nderilirdi.
\u2022M\u0131s\u0131r, Tunus, Cezayir, Yemen gibi<\/p>\n

Saly\u00e2nesiz (Y\u0131ll\u0131ks\u0131z) Eyaletler:<\/b>
\u2022Merkeze yak\u0131n eyaletlerdir.
\u2022Dirlik sisteminin uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131 eyaletlerdir.<\/p>\n

\u0130mtiyazl\u0131 H\u00fck\u00fbmetler:<\/b>
\u2022Osmanl\u0131 h\u00e2kimiyetini kabul eden birimlerdir (beylik, h\u00fck\u00fbmet).
\u2022\u0130\u00e7 i\u015flerinde serbest, d\u0131\u015f i\u015flerinde Osmanl\u0131 Devleti’ne ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131rlar.
\u2022Y\u00f6neticileri Osmanl\u0131 Devleti taraf\u0131ndan belirlenir.
\u2022Osmanl\u0131 Devleti’ne y\u0131ll\u0131k vergi g\u00f6nderirler.
\u2022Osmanl\u0131 Devleti’ne, istenildi\u011finde asker g\u00f6nderirler.
\u2022Eflak, Bo\u011fdan, Erdel, K\u0131r\u0131m ve Hicaz “imtiyazl\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fbmetler\u00ab grubunda yer almaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u2022Hicaz di\u011ferlerinden farkl\u0131 tutulmu\u015f ve buradan vergi ve asker al\u0131nmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ta\u015fradaki G\u00f6revliler:<\/b>
\u2022Suba\u015f\u0131:<\/b> Eyalet, sancak ve kazalardaki g\u00fcvenlik i\u015flerinden sorumlu kimse
\u2022Yi\u011fitba\u015f\u0131:<\/b> K\u00f6ylerde g\u00fcvenlik i\u015flerinden sorumludur.
\u2022Muhtesib :<\/b> \u00c7ar\u015f\u0131 ve pazarlar\u0131n g\u00fcvenli\u011finden, denetiminden sorumlu ki\u015fi.
\u2022Kapan Emini :<\/b> Hububat, sebze ve meyve sat\u0131lan kapanlardan sorumludur.
\u2022Beyt\u00fclmal Emini :<\/b> Vergilerin d\u00fczenli toplanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar.
\u2022G\u00fcmr\u00fck ve B\u00e2c Eminleri :<\/b> \u015eehir ve kasabalarda ticaret ve zanaat faaliyetlerinde bulunan ki\u015filerden vergi toplayan g\u00f6revlilerdir.<\/p>\n

ASKER\u0130 TE\u015eK\u0130LAT<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131larda Askeri Te\u015fkilat<\/b>
\u2022Osmanl\u0131 Ordusu, B\u00fcy\u00fck Sel\u00e7uklu, Anadolu Sel\u00e7uklu ve \u0130lhanl\u0131 ordu \u00f6rg\u00fctleri \u00f6rnek al\u0131narak olu\u015fturulmu\u015ftur.
\u2022\u0130lk d\u00fczenli Osmanl\u0131 atl\u0131 ve yaya birlikleri Orhan Bey D\u00f6nemi’nde kurulmu\u015ftur.
\u2022Ocak Sistemine ilk olarak I. Murat D\u00f6neminde ge\u00e7ilmi\u015ftir.
\u2022Osmanl\u0131larda ordu “kara” ve “deniz” kuvvetleri olmak \u00fczere ikiye ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

KAPIKULU ASKERLER\u0130<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Kap\u0131kulu Askerleri<\/b>
\u2022Devletin merkez ordusudur.
\u2022I. Murat D\u00f6nemi\u2019nde Dev\u015firme usul\u00fc uygulanarak kurulmu\u015ftur.
\u2022En \u00f6nemli b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc Yeni\u00e7eri Oca\u011f\u0131\u2019d\u0131r.
\u2022Devletten \u00fc\u00e7 ayda bir Ulufe adl\u0131 bir maa\u015f alm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.
\u2022Padi\u015fahlar tahta \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131klar\u0131nda kap\u0131kulu askerlerine c\u00fclus bah\u015fi\u015fi vermi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n

Kap\u0131kulu Piyadeleri<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

Acemiler: <\/b>Kap\u0131kulu Ordusuna asker yeti\u015ftiren k\u0131s\u0131md\u0131r.
Yeni\u00e7eriler:<\/b> Kap\u0131kulu Oca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n temel s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131d\u0131r. I. Murat zaman\u0131nda kurulmu\u015ftur. II. Mahmut zaman\u0131nda kald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
Cebeciler: <\/b>Kap\u0131kulu askerlerinin silahlar\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131m, bak\u0131m ve onar\u0131m i\u015flerinden sorumlu s\u0131n\u0131ft\u0131r.
Top\u00e7u Oca\u011f\u0131:<\/b> Top d\u00f6ken ve top\u00e7ulara gerekli malzemeleri haz\u0131rlayan ocakt\u0131r.
Top Arabac\u0131lar\u0131 Oca\u011f\u0131: <\/b>Top arabalar\u0131n\u0131 yapan ve toplar\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan ocakt\u0131r.
Humbarac\u0131lar:<\/b> Havan toplar\u0131n\u0131 yapan ve bunlar\u0131 kullanan s\u0131n\u0131ft\u0131r.
La\u011f\u0131mc\u0131lar: <\/b>Kale ku\u015fatmalar\u0131nda patlay\u0131c\u0131 d\u00f6\u015feyerek kaleyi y\u0131kan teknik bir ocakt\u0131r.
Bostanc\u0131lar:<\/b> Saray ve k\u00f6\u015fklerin korunmas\u0131ndan sorumludurlar.
<\/span><\/div>\n

\nKap\u0131kulu S\u00fcvarileri (Alt\u0131 Birlikler):<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

Sipahiler:<\/b> Padi\u015fah\u0131 korumakla g\u00f6revlidirler.
Silahtarlar: <\/b>Padi\u015fah\u0131 korur, sefere giderken askerlerin yollar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7arlar.
Sa\u011f Ulufeciler: <\/b>Saltanat sanca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 korurlar.
Sol Ulufeciler: <\/b>Saltanat sanca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 korurlar.
Sa\u011f Garipler:<\/b> Sava\u015fta a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131 hazineyi korurlar.
Sol Garipler: <\/b>Sava\u015fta a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131 ve hazineyi korurlar.<\/p>\n

EYALET ASKERLER\u0130 VE YARDIMCI B\u0130RL\u0130KLER<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

T\u0131marl\u0131 Sipahiler:<\/b>
\u2022Ordunun en kalabal\u0131k askeri g\u00fcc\u00fcd\u00fcr.
\u2022T\u0131mar sahibinin yeti\u015ftirdi\u011fi askerlerden olu\u015fur.
\u2022Devletten maa\u015f almazlard\u0131.
\u2022Tamam\u0131 T\u00fcrklerden olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r.
\u2022Sava\u015f zaman\u0131 sancak beyinin etraf\u0131nda toplanarak sava\u015fa kat\u0131l\u0131r, bar\u0131\u015f zaman\u0131nda ise bulunduklar\u0131 b\u00f6lgenin g\u00fcvenli\u011fini sa\u011flarlard\u0131.
Turnalar: <\/b>Ordunun haberle\u015fmesini sa\u011flarlard\u0131.
Ak\u0131nc\u0131lar:<\/b> T\u00fcrklerden olu\u015fan u\u00e7larda g\u00f6rev yapan atl\u0131 birliklerdir.
Azaplar:<\/b> Bekar T\u00fcrk gen\u00e7lerinden g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc olarak se\u00e7ilen yaya askerlerdir.
Deliler:<\/b> S\u0131n\u0131r boylar\u0131n\u0131 koruyan birliklerdir..
Be\u015fliler:<\/b> Her be\u015f aileden bir ki\u015fi al\u0131narak olu\u015fturulan birliklerdir.
G\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fcler:<\/b> S\u0131n\u0131rdaki \u015fehir ve kasabalar\u0131 korurlard\u0131.
M\u00fcsellemam: <\/b>Yol i\u015fleriyle g\u00f6revli askerlerdi.
Sakalar: <\/b>Ordunun su ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131larlard\u0131. <\/p>\n

Sava\u015f zamanda K\u0131r\u0131m, Eflak, Bo\u011fdan gibi ba\u011fl\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmetler, asker g\u00f6ndermekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

Donanma<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/div>\n

\n
<\/b><\/span>\u2022Osmanl\u0131 donanmas\u0131n\u0131n temelini Orhan Bey zaman\u0131nda al\u0131nan Karesio\u011fullar\u0131 Beyli\u011fi\u2019nin donanmas\u0131 olu\u015fturmu\u015ftur.
\u2022\u0130lk Osmanl\u0131 tersanesi, I. Bayezid taraf\u0131ndan Gelibolu’da a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\u2022Donanma, \u00f6nemli g\u00fcc\u00fcne Fatih D\u00f6nemi\u2019nde ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\u2022II. Bayezid zaman\u0131nda geli\u015ftirilen donanman\u0131n, en y\u00fcksek d\u00fczeye ula\u015fmas\u0131 Kanuni D\u00f6neminde ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\u2022Bu d\u00f6nemde Barbaros, Turgut Reis, Piri Reis, \u015eeydi Ali Reis gibi \u00fcnl\u00fc denizciler yeti\u015fmi\u015ftir.
\u2022Donanma komutan\u0131na Kaptan-\u0131 Derya, deniz askerlerine Levent denilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

E\u011e\u0130T\u0130M<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131larda E\u011fitim
\u2022Osmanl\u0131 Devleti’nde e\u011fitimin temel amac\u0131 ki\u015fileri topluma yararl\u0131, kanunlara uyan, dindar, meslek sahibi insanlar k\u0131lmakt\u0131r.
\u2022Osmanl\u0131larda e\u011fitim; devlet okullar\u0131, esnaf \u00f6rg\u00fctleri (Lonca), camiler, tekkeler ve zaviyelerde verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

S\u0131byan Mektebi:<\/b>
\u2022Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nde e\u011fitimin ilk basama\u011f\u0131d\u0131r.
\u2022Camilerin yan\u0131nda bulunan bu mekteplerde ders verenlere Muallim ad\u0131 verilir.
\u2022Bu okullarda belli bir s\u00fcre veya s\u0131n\u0131f yoktur.<\/p>\n

Medrese<\/b>
\u2022Osmanl\u0131 Devleti’nde en \u00f6nemli e\u011fitim kurumudur.
\u2022\u0130lk medrese Orhan Bey taraf\u0131ndan \u0130znik’te a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\u2022Fatih D\u00f6nemi’nde a\u00e7\u0131lan Sahn-\u0131 Seman Medresesi ileri d\u00fczeyde e\u011fitim vermi\u015ftir.
\u2022Giderleri vak\u0131flar taraf\u0131ndan kar\u015f\u0131lanan medreselerde e\u011fitim \u00fccretsiz verilmi\u015ftir.
\u2022E\u011fitim dilinin Arap\u00e7a oldu\u011fu medreselerde e\u011fitim veren ki\u015filere M\u00fcderris ad\u0131 verilmektedir
\u2022Medrese e\u011fitiminde Dini Bilimler ve Pozitif Dilimler yer alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\u2022Medrese \u00f6\u011frencilerine: Suhte, Talebe, Dani\u015fment gibi isimler verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Enderun<\/b>
\u2022Devlet memuru, idareci, sanatk\u00e2r ve saray g\u00f6revlisi yeti\u015ftirmek amac\u0131 ile kurulan saray okuluna Enderun ad\u0131 verilir.
\u2022\u0130lk d\u00f6nemlerde dev\u015firme sistemi ile Hristiyan tebaan\u0131n zeki ve yetenekli \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 Enderun’da e\u011fitilerek devlete kazand\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\u2022\u0130lk kez II. Murat D\u00f6nemi’nde Edirne Saray\u0131nda kurulan, Fatih Sultan Mehmet D\u00f6nemi’nde en \u00f6nemli seviyeye ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\u2022\u0130stanbul’un fethinden sonra Topkap\u0131 Saray\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Di\u011fer E\u011fitim kurumlar\u0131:<\/b><\/p>\n

Mekteb-i M\u00fclkiye:<\/b> Kaymakam, okul m\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc ve nahiye m\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc yeti\u015ftirmek amac\u0131 ile a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Islahhane: <\/b>Mithat Pa\u015fa taraf\u0131ndan a\u00e7\u0131lan zanaat okuludur Terzilik, kundurac\u0131l\u0131k ve sara\u00e7l\u0131k gibi b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerden olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

R\u00fc\u015ftiye:<\/b> Ortaokul d\u00fczeyinde e\u011fitim veren okullard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u0130dadiler:<\/b> Lise d\u00fczeyinde e\u011fitim veren okullard\u0131r.

Sanayi Mektebi: <\/b>\u00c7e\u015fitli sanat dallar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011fretmek amac\u0131 ile a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Dar\u00fclmuallim: <\/b>Erkek \u00f6\u011fretmen okulu <\/p>\n

Dar\u00fclf\u00fcnun:<\/b> Y\u00fcksekokul niteli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131yan bu kurum XIX. y\u00fczy\u0131lda ilk kez e\u011fitime ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. XX. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Daar\u00fclf\u00fcnun-\u0131 \u015eahaneye \u00e7evrilen okulun b\u00f6l\u00fcm say\u0131s\u0131 da artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/p>\n

Dar\u00fclmaarif: <\/b>Devlet memuru yeti\u015ftirmek amac\u0131 ile a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/span><\/div>\n

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TA\u015eRA TE\u015eK\u0130LATI Eyalet:\u2022Eyalet (Beylerbeyli\u011fi), Osmanl\u0131 Devleti’nde temel y\u00f6netim birimidir. \u2022Eyaletler sancaklara, sancaklar kazalara, kazalar nahiyelere, nahiyeler ise k\u00f6ylere ayr\u0131l\u0131r. \u2022Eyaletler beylerbeyi, sancaklar sancakbeyi, kazalar kad\u0131lar, […]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_regular_price":[],"currency_symbol":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[62],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1038","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-konu-ozetleri"],"post_slider_layout_featured_media_urls":{"thumbnail":"","post_slider_layout_landscape_large":"","post_slider_layout_portrait_large":"","post_slider_layout_square_large":"","post_slider_layout_landscape":"","post_slider_layout_portrait":"","post_slider_layout_square":"","full":""},"yoast_head":"\n42- OSMANLI DEVLET\u0130NDE TA\u015eRA TE\u015eK\u0130LATI, ASKER\u0130 TE\u015eK\u0130LAT, E\u011e\u0130T\u0130M - 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