{"id":1039,"date":"2017-07-29T20:50:00","date_gmt":"2017-07-29T17:50:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/index.php\/2017\/07\/29\/41-osmanli-kultur-ve-medeniyeti-devlet-teskilati\/"},"modified":"2017-07-29T20:50:00","modified_gmt":"2017-07-29T17:50:00","slug":"41-osmanli-kultur-ve-medeniyeti-devlet-teskilati","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/index.php\/2017\/07\/29\/41-osmanli-kultur-ve-medeniyeti-devlet-teskilati\/","title":{"rendered":"41- OSMANLI K\u00dcLT\u00dcR VE MEDEN\u0130YET\u0130, DEVLET TE\u015eK\u0130LATI"},"content":{"rendered":"

DEVLET TE\u015eK\u0130LATI<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

Hakimiyet Anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131<\/b>
\u2022Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nde, padi\u015fah\u0131n mutlak otoritesine dayanan merkezi bir y\u00f6netim vard\u0131r. Devlet iradesinde;
\u2022Eski T\u00fcrk gelenekleri
\u2022\u0130slam hukuku<\/span>
\n<\/a>
\u2022Ele ge\u00e7irilen yerlerdeki yerel kurallar ge\u00e7erli olmu\u015ftur.
\u2022Devlet, h\u00fck\u00fcmdar ailesinin ortak mal\u0131 say\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\u2022Devletin ba\u015f\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131 soyundan gelen padi\u015fah bulunmu\u015ftur.
\u2022Yavuz Sultan Selim\u2019in M\u0131s\u0131r Seferi’nde Halifeli\u011fin Osmanl\u0131 Devletine ge\u00e7mesiyle devlet y\u00f6netimi teokratik mutlak bir \u00f6zelli\u011fe kavu\u015fmu\u015ftur.
\u2022\u015eehzade e\u011fitimi i\u00e7in Sancak Sistemi uygulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\u2022Padi\u015fahlar\u0131n erkek \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 olan \u015fehzadeler sancaklara sancak beyi olarak atan\u0131rlard\u0131, yanlar\u0131na da lala denilen tecr\u00fcbeli devlet adamlar\u0131 g\u00f6nderilirdi.
\u2022Sancak beyli\u011fi uygulamas\u0131ndaki ama\u00e7, \u015fehzadelerin devlet y\u00f6netimini \u00f6\u011frenmesiydi.
\u2022Sancak sisteminden sonra uygulanan kafes usul\u00fc \u015eehzadelerin halk\u0131n sorunlar\u0131ndan uzak kalmalar\u0131na devlet y\u00f6netimi deneyimi edinmemelerine neden olmu\u015ftur.
\u2022I. Murat D\u00f6nemine kadar di\u011fer T\u00fcrk devletlerinde var olan \u00fclke, hanedan\u0131n ortak mal\u0131d\u0131r, anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 ge\u00e7erli olmu\u015ftur. I. Murat’tan itibaren ise \u00dclke, h\u00fck\u00fcmdar ve o\u011fullar\u0131n\u0131n mal\u0131d\u0131r, anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131na ge\u00e7ilmi\u015ftir.
\u2022II. Mehmet (Fatih) D\u00f6neminde, Kanunname-i Ali Osman kabul edilerek karde\u015f Katli yasalla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\u2022I. Ahmet D\u00f6neminde padi\u015fahl\u0131\u011f\u0131n babadan o\u011fula ge\u00e7mesi usul\u00fcne son verilerek Osmanl\u0131 soyu i\u00e7inde, en ya\u015fl\u0131 ve en akl\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131nda \u00fcyenin padi\u015fah olma esas\u0131 getirilmi\u015ftir. (Ekber-Er\u015fed Sistemi)
\u2022I. Murat, II. Mehmet ve I. Ahmet d\u00f6nemlerinde yap\u0131lan bu faaliyetlerin ortak amac\u0131 merkezi otoriteyi g\u00fc\u00e7lendirme iste\u011fidir.<\/p>\n

Divan Te\u015fkilat\u0131<\/b>
\u2022Orhan Bey D\u00f6nemi’nde merkezde Divan\u0131h\u00fcmayun te\u015fkilat\u0131 kurulmu\u015ftur.
\u2022\u00d6nemli devlet meseleleri burada g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.
\u2022Devletin en y\u00fcksek yarg\u0131 organ\u0131d\u0131r.
\u2022Divanda son s\u00f6z\u00fcn padi\u015faha ait olmas\u0131. Divan\u0131n dan\u0131\u015fma organ\u0131 oldu\u011funun g\u00f6stergesidir.
\u2022Fatih\u2019e kadar Divana Padi\u015fahlar ba\u015fkanl\u0131k etmi\u015ftir.
\u2022II. Mahmut zaman\u0131nda kald\u0131r\u0131larak yerine Naz\u0131rl\u0131klar (Bakanl\u0131klar) kurulmu\u015ftur.
\u2022Divan-\u0131 H\u00fcmayunun d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda,
\u2022Yeni\u00e7erilerin maa\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in toplanan Ulufe Divan\u0131,
\u2022Padi\u015fah\u0131n yabanc\u0131 el\u00e7ileri kabul etmesi s\u0131ras\u0131nda toplanan Galebe Divan\u0131,
\u2022Padi\u015fah\u0131n halk ve askerlerle g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Ayak Divan\u0131 denilen \u00f6zel ama\u00e7lar i\u00e7in toplanan divanlar da vard\u0131.<\/p>\n

Divan \u00dcyeleri<\/b>
\u2022Hem Divan-\u0131 H\u00fcmayun \u00fcyeleri hem de devlet memurlar\u0131, g\u00f6revlerinin niteli\u011fine g\u00f6re 3 s\u0131n\u0131fa ayr\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Divan-\u0131 H\u00fcmayun \u00fcyeleri \u015eunlard\u0131r;
\u2022Seyfiye: <\/b>K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 sahipleridir. Asker k\u00f6kenlidirler. Sadrazam, Vezirler, Kaptan-\u0131 Derya, Yeni\u00e7eri a\u011fas\u0131 bu s\u0131n\u0131fa mensuptur.
\u2022\u0130lmiye :<\/b> Din, e\u011fitim ve adalet i\u015flerinden sorumlu yetkililerdir. Kazasker
\u2022Kalemiye: <\/b>Yaz\u0131 i\u015fleri, b\u00fcrokrasi ve ekonomi ile ilgilenenlerdir. Ni\u015fanc\u0131, Defterdar<\/p>\n

Vezir-i Azam (Sadrazam)<\/b>
\u2022Padi\u015fahtan sonra devlet i\u015flerinin y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesinde en yetkili devlet adam\u0131d\u0131r.
\u2022Fatih D\u00f6nemine kadar padi\u015fah\u0131n olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 zamanlarda divana ba\u015fkanl\u0131k eden sadrazamlar bu d\u00f6nemden itibaren Divan\u0131n do\u011fal ba\u015fkan\u0131 olmu\u015flard\u0131r.
\u2022Sadrazamlar padi\u015fah\u0131n sefere \u00e7\u0131kmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 zamanlarda Serdar-\u0131 Ekrem unvan\u0131yla orduyu komuta etmi\u015flerdir.
\u2022\u0130stanbul\u2019un genel sorumlusudur.
\u2022Sadrazam\u0131n, padi\u015fah\u0131n mutlak vekili oldu\u011funun en \u00f6nemli kan\u0131t\u0131 padi\u015fah\u0131n m\u00fchr\u00fcn\u00fc ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131d\u0131r.
\u2022Vezir-i Azam, kubbealt\u0131 vezirli\u011fine y\u00fckselmi\u015f olanlar aras\u0131ndan se\u00e7ilirdi.<\/p>\n

Vezirler<\/b>
\u2022\u0130lk vezir atamas\u0131 Orhan Bey zaman\u0131nda yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\u2022Devlet i\u015flerinin y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesinde sadrazama yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmu\u015flard\u0131r.
\u2022Y\u00fckselme D\u00f6nemi\u2018nde say\u0131lar\u0131 7\u2019ye kadar y\u00fckselmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Kazasker (Kad\u0131asker)<\/b>
\u2022I. Murat D\u00f6nemi\u2018nde kurulmu\u015f olan makam Fatih D\u00f6nemi’nde Anadolu ve Rumeli Kazaskerli\u011fi olarak ikiye ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Rumeli kazaskeri daha \u00fcst\u00fcnd\u00fcr.
\u2022Adalet ve e\u011fitim i\u015flerinden sorumlu olan Kazaskerler divandaki \u00fcst d\u00fczey davalara bakm\u0131\u015flar, m\u00fcderris ve kad\u0131 atamalar\u0131n\u0131 yapm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ni\u015fanc\u0131:<\/b>
\u2022Padi\u015fah ad\u0131na fermanlara ve beratlara, h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131n imzas\u0131 olan tu\u011fras\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ekmi\u015flerdir.
\u2022Ni\u015fanc\u0131, topraklar\u0131n Tahrir Defterleri’ne ge\u00e7irilmesi ve g\u00f6revlilere da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m\u0131ndan (tapu – kadastro i\u015flerinden) sorumludur.
\u2022Devletin i\u00e7 ve d\u0131\u015f yaz\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fctm\u00fc\u015flerdir.
\u2022Ni\u015fanc\u0131ya ba\u011fl\u0131 olan, Divan-\u0131 H\u00fcmayun Kalemlerinin \u015fefine Reis\u00fcl K\u00fcttap denilmi\u015ftir.
\u2022Reis\u00fclk\u00fcttap XVII. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan itibaren Divanin as\u0131l \u00fcyesi olmu\u015f ve d\u0131\u015f i\u015fleri bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6zelli\u011fine kavu\u015fmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

Defterdar:<\/b>
\u2022Maliyeden sorumludur.
\u2022Say\u0131lar\u0131 zamanla ikiye \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\u2022Rumeli defterdar\u0131 protokolde Anadolu defterdar\u0131ndan \u00fcst\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

\u015eeyh\u00fcl \u0130slam (M\u00fcft\u00fc)<\/b>
\u2022Yap\u0131lan i\u015flerin dine uygun olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 denetlemi\u015ftir.
\u2022Divanda gerekli hallerde bulunmu\u015ftur.
\u2022\u015eeyh\u00fclislam\u0131n ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 yaz\u0131l\u0131 kararlara fetva denilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Kaptan\u0131derya:<\/b>
\u2022Donanma komutan\u0131d\u0131r.
\u2022Kanuni D\u00f6nemi’nde divan toplant\u0131lar\u0131na kat\u0131lmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Yeni\u00e7eri A\u011fas\u0131<\/b>
\u2022Yeni\u00e7erilerin komutan\u0131d\u0131r.
\u2022Yeni\u00e7eri A\u011fas\u0131 vezir r\u00fctbesindeyse divan \u00fcyesi olmu\u015ftur.

\u0130stanbul\u2019un Y\u00f6netimi:<\/b>
\u2022\u0130stanbul\u2019un g\u00fcvenlik ve d\u00fczeninden genel anlamda sadrazam sorumludur.
\u2022Hukuk ve ceza i\u015flerinde en \u00fcst g\u00f6revli \u0130stanbul (taht) kad\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r.
\u2022\u015eehirde g\u00fcvenli\u011fi Yeni\u00e7eri a\u011fas\u0131 sa\u011flamaktad\u0131r.
\u2022Belediye hizmetleri \u015fehremini taraf\u0131ndan g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.
\u2022\u0130stanbul\u2019da bulunan b\u00fct\u00fcn y\u00f6neticiler, ba\u011fl\u0131 olduklar\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n en \u00fcst derecesindeki memurlar olarak say\u0131lm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

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DEVLET TE\u015eK\u0130LATI Hakimiyet Anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131\u2022Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nde, padi\u015fah\u0131n mutlak otoritesine dayanan merkezi bir y\u00f6netim vard\u0131r. Devlet iradesinde;\u2022Eski T\u00fcrk gelenekleri \u2022\u0130slam hukuku \u2022Ele ge\u00e7irilen yerlerdeki yerel kurallar ge\u00e7erli […]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_regular_price":[],"currency_symbol":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[62],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1039","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-konu-ozetleri"],"post_slider_layout_featured_media_urls":{"thumbnail":"","post_slider_layout_landscape_large":"","post_slider_layout_portrait_large":"","post_slider_layout_square_large":"","post_slider_layout_landscape":"","post_slider_layout_portrait":"","post_slider_layout_square":"","full":""},"yoast_head":"\n41- OSMANLI K\u00dcLT\u00dcR VE MEDEN\u0130YET\u0130, DEVLET TE\u015eK\u0130LATI - tarihkursu.com<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/index.php\/2017\/07\/29\/41-osmanli-kultur-ve-medeniyeti-devlet-teskilati\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"41- OSMANLI K\u00dcLT\u00dcR VE MEDEN\u0130YET\u0130, DEVLET TE\u015eK\u0130LATI - tarihkursu.com\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"DEVLET TE\u015eK\u0130LATI Hakimiyet Anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131\u2022Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nde, padi\u015fah\u0131n mutlak otoritesine dayanan merkezi bir y\u00f6netim vard\u0131r. 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