{"id":1059,"date":"2017-07-25T22:43:00","date_gmt":"2017-07-25T19:43:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/index.php\/2017\/07\/25\/21-ilk-musluman-turk-devletlerinde-ordu-dil-ve-edebiyat-bilginler\/"},"modified":"2017-07-25T22:43:00","modified_gmt":"2017-07-25T19:43:00","slug":"21-ilk-musluman-turk-devletlerinde-ordu-dil-ve-edebiyat-bilginler","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/index.php\/2017\/07\/25\/21-ilk-musluman-turk-devletlerinde-ordu-dil-ve-edebiyat-bilginler\/","title":{"rendered":"21- \u0130LK M\u00dcSL\u00dcMAN T\u00dcRK DEVLETLER\u0130NDE ORDU, D\u0130L VE EDEB\u0130YAT, B\u0130LG\u0130NLER"},"content":{"rendered":"

ORDU<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Hassa (Gulam) Birlikleri:<\/b> De\u011fi\u015fik milletlerin k\u00f6le ve tutsak \u00e7ocuklar\u0131ndan meydana getirilen, \u00f6zel e\u011fitimden ge\u00e7irilen askerlerdi. H\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 ve saray\u0131 korurlard\u0131.<\/span>
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

T\u0131marl\u0131 Sipahiler (\u0130kta Ordusu):<\/b> \u0130kta topraklar\u0131n\u0131n geliri ile yeti\u015ftirilen askerlerdir. Ordunun temelini olu\u015ftururlard\u0131. \u0130kta askerleri genellikle T\u00fcrklerden se\u00e7ilirdi.<\/p>\n

U\u00e7 Kuvvetler: <\/b>S\u0131n\u0131r boylar\u0131nda ya\u015fayan T\u00fcrkmenlerden olu\u015fturulurdu.<\/p>\n

Ba\u011fl\u0131 Beylikler:<\/b> Sava\u015f zaman\u0131nda ba\u011fl\u0131 beyliklerin g\u00f6ndermek zorunda oldu\u011fu askerlerdir.<\/p>\n

HUKUK S\u0130STEM\u0130<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Hukuk sistemi \u015fer-i ve \u00f6rfi olmak \u00fczere ikiye ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\u015eer-i hukuk: <\/b>
\u2022Davalara kad\u0131lar bakard\u0131. Kad\u0131lar\u0131n \u00fczerinde h\u00fck\u00fcmetin etkisi olmazd\u0131.
\u2022En \u00fcst sorumlusuna Kad\u0131-\u00fcl Kudat denirdi.<\/p>\n

\u00d6rfi hukuk:<\/b>
\u2022Asayi\u015fi bozan ve yasalar\u0131 \u00e7i\u011fneyenlerle ilgili davalar\u0131 i\u00e7erirdi.
\u2022Bu davalara bakan ki\u015fiye Emir-i Dad denirdi.
Kad\u0131le\u015fker: Asker\u00ee davalara kad\u0131le\u015fker bakmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

D\u00eev\u00e2n-\u0131 Mez\u00e2lim: A\u011f\u0131r siyasi su\u00e7lar\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yer ba\u015fkan\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmdar olan D\u00eev\u00e2n-\u0131 Mez\u00e2lim’dir.<\/p>\n

SOSYAL HAYAT<\/span><\/b>
\u2022Yerle\u015fik hayat\u0131 benimseyerek \u015fehirlerde ya\u015fayan halk tar\u0131m, ticaret ve zanaatk\u00e2rl\u0131kla u\u011fra\u015fm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.
\u2022G\u00f6\u00e7ebelerin temel u\u011fra\u015f alan\u0131 ise hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k olmu\u015ftur.

AH\u0130L\u0130K <\/b>
\u2022Ticari ya\u015fam\u0131n \u00f6nemli bir unsuru olan esnaflar kendi aralar\u0131nda dayan\u0131\u015fma ama\u00e7l\u0131 Ahi te\u015fkilat\u0131n\u0131 kurmu\u015flard\u0131r.
\u2022Bu te\u015fkilatlar din\u00ee boyutu da olan \u00f6rg\u00fctlerdir.
\u2022Ahiler ticari ve sosyal hayatta olduk\u00e7a etkili bir konuma sahip olmu\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

D\u0130L VE EDEB\u0130YAT<\/span><\/b>
\u2022T\u00fcrk- \u0130slam edebiyat\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6rneklerini “s\u00f6zl\u00fc” ve “yaz\u0131l\u0131\u00ab eserler olarak iki b\u00f6l\u00fcmde incelemek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n
Karahanl\u0131lar<\/b><\/p>\n

Kutadgu Bilig (Yusuf Has Hacip): <\/b>
\u2022Mutluluk veren bilgi anlam\u0131na gelen eser ilk \u0130slam’\u0131 T\u00fcrk\u00e7e eser olup, siyasetname \u00f6zelli\u011fi g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. Eserde Karahanl\u0131lar\u0131n saray ve ba\u015fkent yap\u0131lanmas\u0131, askeri ve yerel te\u015fkilatlar\u0131ndan bahsedilmektedir.<\/p>\n

Divan-\u0131 L\u00fcgat’it T\u00fcrk (Ka\u015fgarl\u0131 Mahmut): <\/b>
\u2022Eserde T\u00fcrk dilinin zenginli\u011fi g\u00f6sterilmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131larak, Arap\u00e7an\u0131n T\u00fcrk\u00e7eden \u00fcst\u00fcn bir dil olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 iddia edilmi\u015ftir.
\u2022\u0130lk T\u00fcrk\u00e7e ansiklopedik s\u00f6zl\u00fck ve dilbilgisi kitab\u0131d\u0131r
\u2022\u0130lk T\u00fcrk d\u00fcnyas\u0131 haritas\u0131 bu kitapta yer alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\u2022Bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc de Arap\u00e7a yaz\u0131lan eser Abbasi halifesine sunulmu\u015ftur.
\u2022Eserde s\u0131kl\u0131kla T\u00fcrk atas\u00f6zlerine (sav) yer verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Atabet\u00fcl Hakay\u0131k (Edip Ahmet Y\u00fckneki): <\/b>
\u2022Uygur alfabesi ile yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f manzum bir eserdir.
\u2022E\u011fitici, \u00f6\u011fretici bir ahlak kitab\u0131 niteli\u011findedir. <\/p>\n

Divan-\u0131 Hikmet (Hoca Ahmet Yesevi): <\/b>
\u2022Eser ilk T\u00fcrk Mutasavv\u0131f\u0131 olan Hoca Ahmet Yesevi’nin tasavvuf \u015fiirlerini i\u00e7ermektedir.
\u2022Ahmet Yesevi T\u00fcrk Tasavvuf edebiyat\u0131n\u0131n kurucusudur (\u0130lk T\u00fcrk mutasavv\u0131f\u0131)
\u2022Eser ile \u0130slam esaslar\u0131 T\u00fcrk\u00e7e \u00f6\u011fretilmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/p>\n

Satuk Bu\u011fra Han Destan\u0131: <\/b>
\u2022Karahanl\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 Satuk Bu\u011fra Han’\u0131 konu alan bir destand\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Gazneliler <\/b><\/p>\n

\u015eehname (Firdevsi): <\/b>
\u2022Eserde \u00f6\u011f\u00fctlere, h\u00fck\u00fcmdarlar\u0131n faaliyetlerine yer verilmi\u015ftir. <\/p>\n

B\u00fcy\u00fck Sel\u00e7uklular <\/b><\/p>\n

Ihya’\u00fcl Ulumiddin (Gazali): <\/b>
\u2022Gazali taraf\u0131ndan kaleme al\u0131nan eserde dinin temel esaslar\u0131 konu edilmi\u015ftir.
\u2022Eser Nizamiye medreselerinde okutulmu\u015ftur.

Rubailer (\u00d6mer Hayyam): <\/b>
\u2022\u015eiirlere yer verilmi\u015ftir. <\/p>\n

\u00d6mer Hayyam Sel\u00e7uklu H\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 Melik\u015fah D\u00f6nemi’nde Celali takvimi haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/p>\n

Siyasetname (Nizam\u00fclm\u00fclk): <\/b>
\u2022Eser Fars\u00e7a d\u0131r.
\u2022Eserde siyasi meselelere yer verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Di\u011fer Devletler: <\/b>

Mukaddimet’\u00fcl Edeb (Zemah\u015feri): <\/b>
\u2022T\u00fcrk leh\u00e7eleri ile ilgili bilgiler a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\u2022Harzem\u015fahlar d\u00f6nemine aittir. <\/p>\n

Muhakemef\u00fcl L\u00fcgateyn (Ali \u015eir Nevai) <\/b>
\u2022Eserde Fars\u00e7a ile T\u00fcrk\u00e7enin k\u0131yas\u0131na yer verilmi\u015ftir.
\u2022Timurlar d\u00f6nemine aittir.<\/p>\n

B\u0130LG\u0130NLER<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

Biruni:<\/b>
\u2022Gazneli Mahmut D\u00f6nemi’nde ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f olan Biruni Matematik ve Co\u011frafya alanlar\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\u2022Bilimlerin ilerlemesi \u00f6n\u00fcndeki en b\u00fcy\u00fck engelin serbest d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncenin olmay\u0131\u015f\u0131 oldu\u011funu savunmu\u015ftur.
\u2022Enlem ve boylam\u0131 tespit eden Biruni D\u00fcnyan\u0131n G\u00fcne\u015f etraf\u0131nda d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn bir y\u0131lda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fini ispatlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\u2022Asar\u00fcl-B\u00e2kiye adl\u0131 eserinde Asyal\u0131 milletler hakk\u0131nda bilgi vermekte ve astronomiden bahsetmektedir.<\/p>\n

\u0130bn-i R\u00fc\u015ft (Avareos) <\/b>
\u2022\u0130spanyada (End\u00fcl\u00fcs) yeti\u015fmi\u015ftir.
\u2022 End\u00fcl\u00fcs Emevileri d\u00f6nemi’nde ya\u015fayan \u0130bn-i R\u00fc\u015ft, Aristo yorumcusudur.
\u2022\u0130bn-i R\u00fc\u015ft bilimle a\u00e7\u0131klanabilecek bir \u0130slam\u2019dan bahsetmektedir.
\u2022\u0130bn-i R\u00fc\u015ft, Avrupa’da Avareos unvan\u0131 ile tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/p>\n

Harezmi (Alkharismus) <\/b>
\u2022Matematik, astronomi ve co\u011frafya bilginidir.
\u2022Cebiri sistemle\u015ftiren Harezmi’nin, Kitab’\u00fcl-Cebr Ve\u2019l Mukabele adl\u0131 eseri bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00d6mer Hayyam: <\/b>
\u2022B\u00fcy\u00fck Sel\u00e7uklular d\u00f6nemi’nin en \u00fcnl\u00fc bilgin ve \u015fairlerindendir.
\u2022Matematik, astronomi ve edebiyat alanlar\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\u2022Celali Takvimi\u2018ni haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\u2022Rubailer g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar ula\u015fan eseridir. <\/p>\n

\u0130bn-i Sina (Avicenna) <\/b>
\u2022Avicenna olarak tan\u0131nan \u0130bn-i Sina’n\u0131n El-Kanun-u Fit-T\u0131b (Kanun) adl\u0131 kitab\u0131 d\u00fcnyaca \u00fcnl\u00fcd\u00fcr.
\u2022K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck kan dola\u015f\u0131m\u0131 \u00fczerine \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Farabi (Alpharabius): <\/b>
\u2022Farabi; mant\u0131k, matematik, felsefe ve m\u00fczik alanlar\u0131nda kitaplar yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\u2022Hava titre\u015fimlerinden ibaret olan ses olay\u0131n\u0131n ilk mant\u0131kl\u0131 izah\u0131n\u0131 Farabi yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\u2022\u0130slam felsefe gelene\u011finde, \u2018ilk \u00f6\u011fretmen\u2019 olarak bilinen Aristoteles\u2019ten sonra \u2018\u0130kinci \u00d6\u011fretmen\u2019 (el-muallim\u00fc\u2019s-sani) olarak an\u0131l\u0131r.<\/span><\/div>\n

\n
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ORDU Hassa (Gulam) Birlikleri: De\u011fi\u015fik milletlerin k\u00f6le ve tutsak \u00e7ocuklar\u0131ndan meydana getirilen, \u00f6zel e\u011fitimden ge\u00e7irilen askerlerdi. H\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 ve saray\u0131 korurlard\u0131. T\u0131marl\u0131 Sipahiler (\u0130kta Ordusu): \u0130kta […]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_regular_price":[],"currency_symbol":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[62],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1059","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-konu-ozetleri"],"post_slider_layout_featured_media_urls":{"thumbnail":"","post_slider_layout_landscape_large":"","post_slider_layout_portrait_large":"","post_slider_layout_square_large":"","post_slider_layout_landscape":"","post_slider_layout_portrait":"","post_slider_layout_square":"","full":""},"yoast_head":"\n21- \u0130LK M\u00dcSL\u00dcMAN T\u00dcRK DEVLETLER\u0130NDE ORDU, D\u0130L VE EDEB\u0130YAT, B\u0130LG\u0130NLER - tarihkursu.com<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/index.php\/2017\/07\/25\/21-ilk-musluman-turk-devletlerinde-ordu-dil-ve-edebiyat-bilginler\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"21- \u0130LK M\u00dcSL\u00dcMAN T\u00dcRK DEVLETLER\u0130NDE ORDU, D\u0130L VE EDEB\u0130YAT, B\u0130LG\u0130NLER - tarihkursu.com\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"ORDU Hassa (Gulam) Birlikleri: De\u011fi\u015fik milletlerin k\u00f6le ve tutsak \u00e7ocuklar\u0131ndan meydana getirilen, \u00f6zel e\u011fitimden ge\u00e7irilen askerlerdi. 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