{"id":1068,"date":"2017-07-25T19:08:00","date_gmt":"2017-07-25T16:08:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/index.php\/2017\/07\/25\/12-ilk-turk-devletlerinde-kultur-ve-uygarlik-devlet-yonetimi-din-ve-inanis\/"},"modified":"2017-07-25T19:08:00","modified_gmt":"2017-07-25T16:08:00","slug":"12-ilk-turk-devletlerinde-kultur-ve-uygarlik-devlet-yonetimi-din-ve-inanis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/index.php\/2017\/07\/25\/12-ilk-turk-devletlerinde-kultur-ve-uygarlik-devlet-yonetimi-din-ve-inanis\/","title":{"rendered":"12- \u0130LK T\u00dcRK DEVLETLER\u0130NDE K\u00dcLT\u00dcR VE UYGARLIK, DEVLET Y\u00d6NET\u0130M\u0130, D\u0130N VE \u0130NANI\u015e…"},"content":{"rendered":"

K\u00dcLT\u00dcR VE UYGARLIK<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

Devlet Y\u00f6netimi<\/b>
\u2022T\u00fcrk devletlerinin ba\u015f\u0131nda hakan, ka\u011fan gibi unvanlarla an\u0131lan bir h\u00fck\u00fcmdar bulunmu\u015ftur.
\u2022Son s\u00f6z h\u00fck\u00fcmdara ait olup, Kurultay ise h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131n bir \u00e7e\u015fit <\/a>“dan\u0131\u015fma meclisi”dir. Bununla birlikte h\u00fck\u00fcmdar t\u00f6re uymak zorundad\u0131r.
\u2022H\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131n y\u00f6netim yetkisi tanr\u0131sald\u0131r. Yani devleti y\u00f6netme yetkisinin, G\u00f6k Tanr\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan T\u00fcrk h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131na verildi\u011fine inan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu anlay\u0131\u015fa \u201ckut\u201d ad\u0131 verilmi\u015ftir.
\u2022H\u00fck\u00fcmdar d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda hanedan\u0131n di\u011fer \u00fcyeleri de kut sahibi say\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\u2022T\u00fcrkler, \u00fclke topraklar\u0131n\u0131 hanedan\u0131n ortak mal\u0131 olarak g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015flerdir.
\u2022H\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn ard\u0131ndan, hanedan\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn erkek \u00fcyelerinin tahta ge\u00e7me hakk\u0131 vard\u0131r. Bu durum, T\u00fcrk devletlerinde b\u00fcy\u00fck taht m\u00fccadelelerinin ya\u015fanmas\u0131na ve devletlerin siyasi varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131sa s\u00fcrmesine yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\u2022H\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131n e\u015fine hatun denir. Hatun, birtak\u0131m siyasi yetkilere sahiptir. Kurultay \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na kat\u0131labilmi\u015f ve yabanc\u0131 el\u00e7ilerin kabullerinde bulunabilmi\u015ftir.
\u2022T\u00fcrkler, devletlerini genelde \u0130l veya El olarak adland\u0131rm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.
\u2022T\u00fcrk devletleri “do\u011fu-bat\u0131” \u015feklinde ikiye ayr\u0131larak y\u00f6netilmi\u015ftir. \u0130kili te\u015fkilat olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan bu y\u00f6netim anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, h\u00fck\u00fcmdar \u00fclkenin do\u011fusunda yer al\u0131p, bat\u0131 b\u00f6lgesini de karde\u015finin ya da o\u011flunun y\u00f6netimine b\u0131rakmaktad\u0131r.
\u2022Federatif (par\u00e7al\u0131) y\u00f6netimde Do\u011fu kanad\u0131n\u0131 ka\u011fan Bat\u0131 kanad\u0131n\u0131 ise yabgu y\u00f6netir.
\u2022Hanedan mensubu olan prensler (tigin) \u00fclkenin de\u011fi\u015fik b\u00f6lgelerine y\u00f6netici olarak g\u00f6nderilmi\u015flerdir.
\u2022Bu uygulamalar, T\u00fcrk devletlerinde merkez\u00ee otoritenin g\u00fc\u00e7lenmesini zorla\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\u2022Devlet i\u015flerinin y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesinde t\u00f6re etkili olmu\u015ftur. T\u00f6reyi ancak kurultay de\u011fi\u015ftirebilmektedir.
\u2022T\u00fcrk devletlerinde, boylar\u0131n liderlerinin yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 toy ya da kurultay adlar\u0131 verilen meclis \u00f6nemli bir i\u015fleve sahiptir.
\u2022Kurultay bir karar organ\u0131 olarak de\u011fil, bir dan\u0131\u015fma meclisi niteli\u011findedir.
\u2022il – el: Devlet
\u2022Ka\u011fan, Hakan, Han, \u015eany\u00fc, Idikut: H\u00fck\u00fcmdar
\u2022Aygucu: Vezir
\u2022\u00d6rgin: Taht
\u2022Ota\u011f: H\u00fck\u00fcmdar \u00e7ad\u0131r\u0131
\u2022Tu\u011f: Sancak
\u2022Toy – Kurultay Meclis
\u2022Buyruk: Bakan
\u2022Tarkan – Apa: Saray g\u00f6revlileri
\u2022Tudun: Vali
\u2022Tekin: \u015eehzade
\u2022Suba\u015f\u0131: Ordu komutan\u0131
\u2022Bitik\u00e7\u0131- Katip
\u2022Yarguc\u0131: Yarg\u0131\u00e7
\u2022A\u011f\u0131l\u0131g: Hazine g\u00f6revlisi
\u2022Hatun (Katun): H\u00fck\u00fcmdar annesi veya e\u015fi
\u2022Toygun: Kurultaya kat\u0131lma hakk\u0131na sahip olanlar
\u2022Ogu\u015f: Aile
\u2022Urug: Soy Bod: Boy
\u2022Bodun, Budun: Boylar birli\u011fi<\/p>\n

Din ve \u0130nan\u0131\u015f<\/b>
\u2022Eski T\u00fcrk toplumuna damgas\u0131n\u0131 vuran inan\u00e7 \u015eamanizm’dir. Bu inan\u00e7 dinden \u00e7ok bir sihir karakterine sahiptir. \u015eamanizm de bu i\u015fi yapan ki\u015fiye \u015eaman (Kam) denilmi\u015ftir.
\u2022Eski T\u00fcrk topluluklar\u0131nda en yayg\u0131n inan\u0131\u015f ise G\u00f6k Tanr\u0131 inanc\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130nan\u0131\u015fa g\u00f6re. G\u00f6k Tanr\u0131, tek yarat\u0131c\u0131 olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. \u0130nan\u0131\u015fta H\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131n G\u00f6k Tanr\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan g\u00f6revlendirildi\u011fi anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 vard\u0131r.
\u2022G\u00f6k Tanr\u0131 tek tanr\u0131l\u0131 bir inan\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ve \u0130slamiyet ile b\u00fcy\u00fck benzerlikler ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r.
\u2022Eski T\u00fcrkler do\u011fada bir tak\u0131m gizli kuvvetlerin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na da inanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. G\u00fcne\u015f, ay, y\u0131ld\u0131z, \u015fim\u015fek, orman, a\u011fa\u00e7, da\u011f, tepe, kaya, \u0131rmak vb. unsurlar kutsal varl\u0131klar olarak kabul edilmi\u015ftir.
\u2022T\u00fcrkler aras\u0131nda toplu halde ilk kez din de\u011fi\u015ftiren topluluk Uygurlar olmu\u015ftur.
\u2022Bulgarlar, Macarlar, Avarlar, Uzlar, Pe\u00e7enekler ve K\u0131p\u00e7aklar Hristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 benimsemi\u015ftir.
\u2022T\u00fcrk inan\u00e7 sisteminde \u00e7e\u015fitlilik yo\u011fun g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Bu \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131nda T\u00fcrklerin g\u00f6\u00e7ebeli\u011finden dolay\u0131 yo\u011fun bir etkile\u015fim ya\u015famas\u0131 ve ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fc yap\u0131lar\u0131 etkili olmu\u015ftur.
\u2022T\u00fcrklerde cenaze t\u00f6renlerine Yu\u011f ad\u0131 verilmi\u015ftir.
\u2022T\u00fcrkler, ya\u015fam\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcmden sonra da s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne inanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Cennet (U\u00e7ma\u011f) ve Cehennem (Tamu) kavramlar\u0131n\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu inanc\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131k kan\u0131tlar\u0131d\u0131r.
\u2022Kurgan ad\u0131 verilen oda mezarlara, \u00f6len ki\u015fiyle birlikte silahlar ve e\u015fyalar\u0131 da g\u00f6m\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Bu uygulama, T\u00fcrklerde bir \u00e7e\u015fit ahiret inanc\u0131n\u0131n var oldu\u011funun g\u00f6stergesidir.
\u2022T\u00fcrklerin, mezarlar\u0131n\u0131n hemen yak\u0131n\u0131na balbal ad\u0131 verilen ve \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fckleri d\u00fc\u015fmanlar\u0131 temsil eden, insan bi\u00e7iminde ta\u015ftan heykelcikler diktikleri de bilinmektedir.<\/p>\n

Hukuk<\/b>
\u2022Y\u00f6netenlerin ve y\u00f6netilenlerin uymaya zorunlu olduklar\u0131 ve tek ki\u015finin iradesiyle de\u011fi\u015fmeyen ve yaz\u0131l\u0131 olmayan kurallara t\u00f6re ad\u0131 verilmi\u015ftir.
\u2022T\u00f6renin kaynaklar\u0131 aras\u0131nda h\u00fck\u00fcmdar, toy \u2013 kurultay ve halk (Gelenekler) yer almaktad\u0131r.
\u2022T\u00fcrkler g\u00f6\u00e7ebe ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in, uzun s\u00fcreli hapis cezas\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015ftir.
\u2022T\u00fcrklerde t\u00f6reyi yaz\u0131l\u0131 hale getiren ilk topluluk Uygurlar olmu\u015ftur.<\/span><\/p>\n

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K\u00dcLT\u00dcR VE UYGARLIK Devlet Y\u00f6netimi\u2022T\u00fcrk devletlerinin ba\u015f\u0131nda hakan, ka\u011fan gibi unvanlarla an\u0131lan bir h\u00fck\u00fcmdar bulunmu\u015ftur.\u2022Son s\u00f6z h\u00fck\u00fcmdara ait olup, Kurultay ise h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131n bir \u00e7e\u015fit “dan\u0131\u015fma […]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_regular_price":[],"currency_symbol":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[62],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1068","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-konu-ozetleri"],"post_slider_layout_featured_media_urls":{"thumbnail":"","post_slider_layout_landscape_large":"","post_slider_layout_portrait_large":"","post_slider_layout_square_large":"","post_slider_layout_landscape":"","post_slider_layout_portrait":"","post_slider_layout_square":"","full":""},"yoast_head":"\n12- \u0130LK T\u00dcRK DEVLETLER\u0130NDE K\u00dcLT\u00dcR VE UYGARLIK, DEVLET Y\u00d6NET\u0130M\u0130, D\u0130N VE \u0130NANI\u015e... - 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