{"id":1348,"date":"2024-10-24T08:26:44","date_gmt":"2024-10-24T05:26:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/?p=1348"},"modified":"2024-10-28T15:54:26","modified_gmt":"2024-10-28T12:54:26","slug":"i-unite-yerlesme-ve-devletlesme-surecinde-selcuklu-turkiyesi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/index.php\/2024\/10\/24\/i-unite-yerlesme-ve-devletlesme-surecinde-selcuklu-turkiyesi\/","title":{"rendered":"I. \u00dcnite Yerle\u015fme ve Devletle\u015fme S\u00fcrecinde Sel\u00e7uklu T\u00fcrkiyesi"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Bu yaz\u0131m\u0131zda g\u00fcncel m\u00fcfredata g\u00f6re haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u00a010. s\u0131n\u0131f tarih dersi 1. \u00fcnitesi\u00a0<\/strong>olan Yerle\u015fme ve Devletle\u015fme S\u00fcrecinde Sel\u00e7uklu T\u00fcrkiyesi<\/strong> \u00fcnitesinin\u00a0\u00f6zet ders notlar\u0131n\u0131\u00a0<\/strong>payla\u015f\u0131yoruz.\u00a010. s\u0131n\u0131f tarih kitab\u0131 \u00f6zet pdf\u00a0<\/strong>ders notlar\u0131 sayesinde derslerde daha ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olacaks\u0131n\u0131z.\u00a0G\u00fcncel 10. s\u0131n\u0131f Tarih ders kitab\u0131na\u00a0<\/strong>uygun olarak haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u00a010. s\u0131n\u0131f tarih dersi notlar\u0131\u00a0<\/strong>a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki konular\u0131 kapsamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

10. S\u0131n\u0131f Tarih Dersi 1. \u00dcnite<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Anadolu Siyasi Tarihi<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

XI- XIV. Y\u00dcZYILLAR ARASI ANADOLU\u2019DAK\u0130 S\u0130YAS\u0130 GEL\u0130\u015eMELER<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1072 Saltuklular Beyli\u011fi\u2019nin kurulmas\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1077 T\u00fcrkiye Sel\u00e7uklu Devleti\u2019nin kurulmas\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1080 Dani\u015fmentliler Beyli\u011fi\u2019nin kurulmas\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1080 Meng\u00fccekliler Beyli\u011fi\u2019nin kurulmas\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1081 \u00c7aka Beyli\u011fi\u2019nin  kurulmas\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1093 \u00c7aka Beyli\u011fi\u2019nin y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1096-1099 I. Ha\u00e7l\u0131 Seferi<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1102 Artuklular Beyli\u011fi\u2019nin kurulmas\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1141 Katvan Muharebesi<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1147-1149 II. Ha\u00e7l\u0131 Seferi<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1157 B\u00fcy\u00fck Sel\u00e7uklu Devleti\u2019nin y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1174 Eyyubiler Devleti\u2019nin kurulmas\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1176 Miryokefalon Muharebesi<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1178 Dani\u015fmentliler Beyli\u011fi\u2019nin y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1189-1192 III. Ha\u00e7l\u0131 Seferi<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1196 Mo\u011fol \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun kurulmas\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1202 Saltuklular Beyli\u011fi\u2019nin y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1202-1204 IV. Ha\u00e7l\u0131 Seferi<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1227 Mo\u011fol \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun par\u00e7alanmas\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1228 Meng\u00fccekliler Beyli\u011fi\u2019nin y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1230 Yass\u0131\u00e7emen Muharebesi<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1231 Artuklular Beyli\u011fi\u2019nin y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1240 B\u00e2bailer Ayaklanmas\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1243 K\u00f6seda\u011f Muharebesi<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1250 Eyyubiler Devleti\u2019nin y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1250 Meml\u00fbklular Devleti\u2019nin kurulmas\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1260 Ayn-\u0131 Calut Muharebesi<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1270 Ha\u00e7l\u0131 Seferleri\u2019nin sona ermesi<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1277 Karamano\u011flu Mehmet Bey\u2019in T\u00fcrk\u00e7eyi resm\u00ee dil ilan etmesi<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1308 T\u00fcrkiye Sel\u00e7uklu Devleti\u2019nin y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Anadolu’nun T\u00fcrkle\u015fmesi<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

XI. Y\u00dcZYILDA ANADOLU\u2019YA YAPILAN T\u00dcRK G\u00d6\u00c7LER\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

XI. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda O\u011fuz Yabgu Devleti\u2019nin y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131ndan sonra, hayvanc\u0131l\u0131kla ge\u00e7imlerini sa\u011flayan O\u011fuz T\u00fcrklerinin b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131, <\/p>\n\n\n\n

kurakl\u0131k, salg\u0131n gibi tabii olaylar,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u0131p\u00e7aklar\u0131n bask\u0131lar\u0131,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mo\u011fol as\u0131ll\u0131 Karahitaylar\u0131n sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 y\u00fcz\u00fcnden Horasan\u2019a g\u00f6\u00e7 etmek zorunda kalm\u0131\u015flard\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Horasan\u2019a gelen O\u011fuz T\u00fcrkleri, b\u00f6lgenin iki b\u00fcy\u00fck siyasi g\u00fcc\u00fc olan Karahanl\u0131lar ve Gazneliler aras\u0131nda s\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131p kald\u0131lar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sel\u00e7uk Bey\u2019in torunlar\u0131 Tu\u011frul ve \u00c7a\u011fr\u0131 karde\u015fler, O\u011fuz T\u00fcrklerine daha elveri\u015fli yerler bulabilmek i\u00e7in Anadolu\u2019ya ke\u015fif seferleri d\u00fczenlemeye karar verdiler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

XI. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Anadolu\u2019ya yap\u0131lan ilk T\u00fcrk ak\u0131nlar\u0131 yerle\u015fmeden ziyade daha \u00e7ok ke\u015fif ve ganimet elde etme amac\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

O\u011eUZLAR NEDEN ANADOLU\u2019YA AKINLAR D\u00dcZENLED\u0130?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Anadolu\u2019nun \u0130pek Yolu \u00fczerinde yer almas\u0131,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Asya ile Avrupa\u2019y\u0131 birbirine ba\u011flayan bir konumda olmas\u0131,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dc\u00e7 taraf\u0131n\u0131n denizlerle \u00e7evrili olmas\u0131,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Verimli topraklara sahip olmas\u0131,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130klim ve bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn T\u00fcrklerin ya\u015famas\u0131na uygun olmas\u0131,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130slamiyet\u2019in etkisiyle cihat ve gaza gelene\u011finin benimsenmesi<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bizans \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nu siyasi y\u00f6nden zay\u0131f durumda olmas\u0131 O\u011fuzlar\u0131n Anadolu\u2019ya ak\u0131nlar yap\u0131lmas\u0131nda etkili olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ANADOLU\u2019YA T\u00dcRK G\u00d6\u00c7LER\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u00fcy\u00fck Sel\u00e7uklu Devleti\u2019nin resmen kurulmas\u0131yla, Anadolu\u2019ya y\u00f6nelik T\u00fcrk ak\u0131nlar\u0131 belirli bir sistem h\u00e2linde yap\u0131lmaya ba\u015fland\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu ak\u0131nlar\u0131n amac\u0131, Bizans\u2019\u0131n direncini k\u0131rma, fetih ve yerle\u015fme hareketlerine y\u00f6nelikti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcrklerle Bizans \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu aras\u0131nda yap\u0131lan 1048 Pasinler Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n kazan\u0131lmas\u0131 ile O\u011fuz T\u00fcrkleri, Bizans s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131na y\u0131\u011f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, \u00f6nemli kale ve \u00fcsleri ele ge\u00e7irmi\u015flerdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1071 Malazgirt Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019ndan sonra k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre i\u00e7erisinde Anadolu\u2019nun b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131 T\u00fcrklerin eline ge\u00e7ti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Malazgirt Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019ndan sonra kurulan ilk T\u00fcrk beylikleri ve T\u00fcrkiye Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131 ile Anadolu\u2019da T\u00fcrk h\u00e2kimiyeti kal\u0131c\u0131 h\u00e2le geldi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

O\u011fuz T\u00fcrklerinin \u00f6nce Horasan\u2019a daha sonra da Anadolu\u2019ya yapm\u0131\u015f olduklar\u0131 ilk g\u00f6\u00e7 dalgas\u0131n\u0131n sebep ve sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, T\u00fcrklerin ilkel g\u00f6\u00e7ebe bir anlay\u0131\u015fla sahip olmad\u0131klar\u0131, aksine, kendine has y\u00fcksek bir k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve medeniyete sahip olduklar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00dcRKLER\u0130N ANADOLU\u2019YU YURT ED\u0130NMELER\u0130N\u0130 KOLAYLA\u015eTIRAN ETMENLER<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bizans \u0130mparatorlu\u011fumda s\u0131k s\u0131k taht kavgalar\u0131 ya\u015fan\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ermeni ve G\u00fcrc\u00fclerle s\u0131k s\u0131k ya\u015fanan siyasi sorunlar Bizans \u0130mparatorlu\u011funu y\u0131pratm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bizans-Sasani sava\u015flar\u0131 y\u00fcz\u00fcnden Anadolu tahribata u\u011fram\u0131\u015f, halk\u0131n can ve mal g\u00fcvenli\u011fi kalmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ticaret yollar\u0131 g\u00fcvenli\u011fini kaybetmi\u015f, tar\u0131msal \u00fcretim iyice azalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Anadolu\u2019da ya\u015fayan Ermeniler, S\u00fcryaniler ve Rumlar ise Bizans\u2019\u0131n a\u011f\u0131r vergilerinden ve bask\u0131lar\u0131ndan bunalm\u0131\u015flard\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Anadolu\u2019da tam bir otorite bo\u015flu\u011fu vard\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00dcRK\u0130YE \u0130SM\u0130N\u0130N DO\u011eU\u015eU<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1176 Miryokefalon Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n kazan\u0131lmas\u0131yla Anadolu\u2019ya \u2018\u2019Turchia veya Turkiya dendi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dcnl\u00fc seyyah Marko Polo (1254-1324) an\u0131lar\u0131nda Anadolu i\u00e7in T\u00fcrkiye kavram\u0131n\u0131 kulland\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Arap seyyah \u0130bn-i Batuta, Anadolu i\u00e7in \u2018\u2019Berr\u00fct T\u00fcrkiyye el Maruf bi Biladir Rum\u2019\u2019 yani Rum diyar\u0131 diye bilinen T\u00fcrk topra\u011f\u0131 tabirini kullanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yine M\u0131s\u0131r, suriye ve Hicaz b\u00f6lgesine hakim olan Memluklular i\u00e7in bir\u00e7ok m\u00fcellif T\u00fcrkiye devleti ifadesine yer vermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Irak ve Suriye\u2019ye yap\u0131lan T\u00fcrk G\u00f6\u00e7leri<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcrkler Emeviler d\u00f6neminde Irak\u2019a gelmeye ba\u015flad\u0131lar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Abbasiler d\u00f6neminde idari ve askeri kadroda yer ald\u0131lar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Halife Mutas\u0131m T\u00fcrklerin Araplarla kar\u0131\u015f\u0131p sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131 \u00f6zelliklerini kaybetmemesi i\u00e7in sadece T\u00fcrklerin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Samarra \u015fehrini kurdu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1039 y\u0131l\u0131nda O\u011fuzlar Musul\u2019u ele ge\u00e7irdi ve buran\u0131n idaresi Sel\u00e7uklu meliki \u0130brahim \u0130nal\u2019a b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sel\u00e7uklu Sultan\u0131 Tu\u011frul Bey Abbasi halifesini \u015eii B\u00fcveyho\u011fullar\u0131 bask\u0131s\u0131ndan kurtarmak i\u00e7in 1055 ve 1057 y\u0131llar\u0131nda Ba\u011fdat\u2019a iki sefer d\u00fczenledi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

XIII. Y\u00fczy\u0131lda Musul ve \u00e7evresi Mo\u011follar\u0131n hakimiyetine girdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sonraki d\u00f6nemde Karakoyunlu Beyi Bayram Hoca Musul\u2019u alarak Karakoyunlu devletinin temelini att\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Osmanl\u0131 Devleti IV. Murat zaman\u0131nda Ba\u011fdat ve \u00e7evresine hakim oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131 b\u00f6lgeden \u00e7ekilmesiyle b\u00f6lgedeki T\u00fcrkmenler \u00e7e\u015fitli bask\u0131lara maruz kald\u0131lar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Suriye\u2019ye T\u00fcrkler ilk defa B\u00fcy\u00fck Sel\u00e7uklu devleti zaman\u0131nda kitleler halinde geldiler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130lerleyen zamanda Anadolu Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131, Eyyubiler, Memlukler bu b\u00f6lgeye hakim oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1260 Ayn-\u0131 Calut sava\u015f\u0131nda Memluklu lideri Sultan Baybars Mo\u011follar\u0131 yenerek Mo\u011fol bask\u0131s\u0131na son verdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1516\u2019dan sonra Yavuz d\u00f6neminde b\u00f6lgeye hakim olan Osmanl\u0131lar 1918 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar bu b\u00f6lgeyi y\u00f6netti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Anadolu’daki \u0130lk T\u00fcrk Siyasi Te\u015fekk\u00fclleri<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

ANADOLU\u2019DA KURULAN \u0130LK T\u00dcRK BEYL\u0130KLER\u0130<\/p>\n\n\n\n

SALTUKLULAR (1072-1202)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

DAN\u0130\u015eMENTL\u0130LER (1080-1178)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MENG\u00dcCEKL\u0130LER (1080-1228)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ARTUKLULAR (1102-1231)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7AKA BEYL\u0130\u011e\u0130 (1081-1093)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ANADOLU\u2019DA KURULAN \u0130LK T\u00dcRK BEYL\u0130KLER\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Malazgirt Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019ndan sonra Anadolu\u2019ya y\u00f6nelik fetih hareketleri h\u0131zland\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bunda B\u00fcy\u00fck Sel\u00e7uklu H\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 Alp Arslan\u2019\u0131n fethedilen b\u00f6lgeyi fetheden komutana k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 hakk\u0131 olarak vermesi de etkili oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta B\u00fcy\u00fck Sel\u00e7uklu Devleti\u2019ne ba\u011fl\u0131 olan komutan ve beyler, zamanla B\u00fcy\u00fck Sel\u00e7uklu otoritesinin zay\u0131flamas\u0131ndan faydalanarak ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z hareket etmeye ba\u015flad\u0131lar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

SALTUKLULAR (1072-1202)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Beyli\u011fin merkezi Erzurum\u2019dur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kurucusu, Alp Arslan\u2019\u0131n komutanlar\u0131ndan Ebu\u2019l Kas\u0131m Saltuk\u2019tur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u00fcrc\u00fclerle m\u00fccadele etmi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ha\u00e7l\u0131 Seferleri esnas\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye Sel\u00e7uklu Devleti\u2019ne destek vermi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saltuklulara ait \u00f6nemli eserler: Erzurum\u2019daki Kale Camisi, Tepsi Minare, Ulu Cami, \u00dc\u00e7 K\u00fcmbetler ve Tercan\u2019daki Mama Hatun K\u00fcmbeti<\/p>\n\n\n\n

DAN\u0130\u015eMENTL\u0130LER (1080-1178)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dani\u015fment o\u011flu G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015ftekin Ahmet taraf\u0131ndan Sivas merkez olmak \u00fczere Orta Anadolu\u2019da kuruldu (1080).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Beyli\u011fin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 zamanla Tokat, Niksar, Amasya, \u00c7ank\u0131r\u0131, \u00c7orum, Kastamonu, Kayseri, Elbistan ve Malatya illerini i\u00e7ine alacak \u015fekilde geni\u015fledi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ahmet Gazi, T\u00fcrkiye Sel\u00e7uklu H\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 I. K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 Arslan ile birlikte Ha\u00e7l\u0131 ordular\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 sava\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Emir Gazi; Ha\u00e7l\u0131lara, Bizansl\u0131lara ve Ermenilere kar\u015f\u0131 giri\u015fti\u011fi m\u00fccadelelerde ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcrkiye Sel\u00e7uklu H\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 II. K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 Arslan Dani\u015fmentlilere son verdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dani\u015fmentli eserleri: Tokat\u2019ta Ya\u011f\u0131basan Medresesi (Anadolu\u2019nun ilk medresesi), Kayseri\u2019de Ulu Cami , Amasya\u2019da Hilafet Gazi K\u00fcmbeti\u2019dir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dani\u015fment Gazi Destan\u0131\u2019nda T\u00fcrklerin Anadolu\u2019yu yurt tutma \u00e7abalar\u0131 ve kahramanl\u0131klar\u0131 anlat\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MENG\u00dcCEKL\u0130LER (1080-1228)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Meng\u00fccek Gazi taraf\u0131ndan Erzincan, Kemah, Divri\u011fi ve \u015eebinkarahisar dolaylar\u0131nda kuruldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erzincan ve Divri\u011fi kolu olmak \u00fczere ikiye ayr\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcrkiye Sel\u00e7uklu H\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 I. Al\u00e2eddin Keykubat, Erzincan koluna son verdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Divri\u011fi kolu ise T\u00fcrkiye Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc. 1228\u2019de tamamen bu devlete kat\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Meng\u00fccekliler\u2019in \u00f6nemli eserleri aras\u0131nda Divri\u011fi Ulu Cami (UNESCO D\u00fcnya miras listesinde) ve Sitte Melik K\u00fcmbeti yer almaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ARTUKLULAR (1102-1231)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artuk Bey\u2019in \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra o\u011fullar\u0131 \u0130lgazi ve S\u00f6kmen Diyarbak\u0131r\u2019a geldiler. Bu b\u00f6lgede Artuko\u011fullar\u0131n\u0131 kurarak \u00fc\u00e7 koldan y\u00f6netim s\u00fcrd\u00fcler (1102).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu kollar,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u0131sn\u0131keyfa (Hasankeyf) Artuklular\u0131,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mardin Artuklular\u0131 ve<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Harput Artuklular\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artuklular, Eyyubi Devleti ile ittifak yaparak Ha\u00e7l\u0131 Seferleri\u2019ne kar\u015f\u0131;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcrkiye Sel\u00e7uklu Devleti ile ittifak yaparak Bizans\u2019a kar\u015f\u0131 ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 m\u00fccadeleler verdiler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Diyarbak\u0131r\u2019daki Ulu Cami, Mardin\u2019de Zinciriye ve Mesudiye medreseleri, Ulu Cami, Bab\u00fcsur Camisi ve Batman \u00c7ay\u0131 \u00fczerindeki Malabadi K\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fc \u00f6nemli eserleridir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u00fcnl\u00fc fizik\u00e7ileri aras\u0131nda g\u00f6sterilen El-Cezeri bu d\u00f6nemde \u00f6nemli bilimsel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda bulundu. El-Cezeri\u2019nin ilk robotu yap\u0131p \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 kabul edilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7AKA BEYL\u0130\u011e\u0130 (1081-1093)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130lk T\u00fcrk denizcisi olarak kabul edilen \u00c7aka Bey Bizans\u2019a kar\u015f\u0131 ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 m\u00fccadeleler sergiledi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130zmir\u2019e gelerek burada kendi ad\u0131yla beyli\u011fini kurdu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130stanbul\u2019u ku\u015fatmak i\u00e7in Pe\u00e7enek T\u00fcrkleri ve T\u00fcrkiye Sel\u00e7uklu Devleti ile ittifak olu\u015fturdu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bizans\u2019\u0131n oyununa gelen I. K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 Arslan, \u00c7aka Bey\u2019i \u00f6ld\u00fcrtt\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131ktan yararlanan Bizans, \u0130zmir\u2019i yeniden ele ge\u00e7irerek \u00c7aka Beyli\u011fi\u2019ne son verdi (1093).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u0130\u011eER T\u00dcRK BEYL\u0130KLER\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u00f6kmenliler (Ahlat\u015fahl\u0131lar) (1100-1208): S\u00f6kmen Bey kurdu. Van, Er\u00e7i\u015f, Tatvan, Mu\u015f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130nan\u00e7o\u011fullar\u0131 (Ladik Beyli\u011fi) (1261-1368): \u0130nan\u00e7o\u011flu Mehmet Bey kurdu. Denizli, Ladik.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dilma\u00e7o\u011fullar\u0131 (Togan Arslano\u011fullar\u0131) (1085-1394): Dilma\u00e7o\u011flu Mehmet Bey kurdu. Bitlis, Erzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130nalo\u011fullar\u0131 (1098-1183): Emir \u0130nal Bey kurdu. Diyarbak\u0131r, Ergani.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tanr\u0131vermi\u015fo\u011fullar\u0131 (1081 – 1093): Tanr\u0131vermi\u015f Bey kurdu. Efes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7ubuko\u011fullar\u0131 (1085-1213): \u00c7ubuk Bey kurdu. Harput.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00dcRK\u0130YE SEL\u00c7UKLU DEVLET\u0130\u2019N\u0130N KURULU\u015eU (1077-1308)\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kurucusu, Sel\u00e7uklu soyundan (O\u011fuzlar\u0131n K\u0131n\u0131k Boyu) S\u00fcleyman \u015eah\u2019t\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Alp Arslan D\u00f6nemi\u2019nde Anadolu fetihlerine kat\u0131lan S\u00fcleyman \u015eah, Bizans\u2019taki kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131klardan yararlanarak 1075 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130znik\u2019i fethetti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ancak bir s\u00fcre karde\u015fi Mansur\u2019un \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 ayaklanma ile u\u011fra\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu olaylardan sonra Melik \u015eah g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi bir fermanla Anadolu Sultanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 S\u00fcleyman \u015eah\u2019a verdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u00f6ylece \u0130znik merkez olmak \u00fczere T\u00fcrkiye Sel\u00e7uklu Devleti kurulmu\u015f oldu (1077).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u00fcleyman \u015eah, Halep\u2019i de almak isteyince Suriye Sel\u00e7uklu Sultan\u0131 Tutu\u015f ile aras\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Halep civar\u0131nda yap\u0131lan sava\u015f\u0131 S\u00fcleyman \u015eah kaybetti ve sava\u015f meydan\u0131nda \u00f6ld\u00fc (1086).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I. KILI\u00c7 ARSLAN D\u00d6NEM\u0130 (1092-1107)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u00fcleyman \u015eah\u2019\u0131n vefat\u0131 ile bozulan devlet d\u00fczenini sa\u011flad\u0131ktan sonra Bizans \u00fczerinde bask\u0131 kurdu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu s\u0131rada \u00c7aka Bey de \u0130stanbul\u2019u ku\u015fatma planlar\u0131 yap\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7aka Bey\u2019in daha fazla g\u00fc\u00e7lenmesinden \u00e7ekinen I. K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 Arslan, Bizans\u2019\u0131n oyununa gelerek \u00c7aka Bey\u2019i \u00f6ld\u00fcrtt\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ha\u00e7l\u0131 ordular\u0131n\u0131n Anadolu\u2019ya do\u011fru ilerledi\u011fi haberini ald\u0131. \u0130znik\u2019e gelerek \u015fehri savunmaya ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kalabal\u0131k Ha\u00e7l\u0131 kuvvetleri kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda \u0130znik\u2019i terk ederek devletin merkezini Konya\u2019ya ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I. Mesut D\u00f6nemi (1116-1155):<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I. Mesut, Konya civar\u0131nda Bizans ordusunu a\u011f\u0131r bir yenilgiye u\u011fratt\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu arada II. Ha\u00e7l\u0131 ordusunun Anadolu\u2019ya do\u011fru ilerledi\u011fini \u00f6\u011frenince Bizans\u2019la antla\u015fma yapmak zorunda kald\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Antla\u015fmaya g\u00f6re Antalya ve \u00e7evresindeki baz\u0131 yerler Bizans\u2019a b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

II. KILI\u00c7 ARSLAN D\u00d6NEM\u0130 (1155-1192):<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ha\u00e7l\u0131 Seferleri\u2019nin Anadolu\u2019da yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 otorite bo\u015flu\u011fundan faydalanan Bizans \u0130mparatoru Manuel Komnenos, T\u00fcrkleri Anadolu\u2019dan tamamen atmak i\u00e7in harekete ge\u00e7ti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Miryokefalon Sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye Sel\u00e7uklu Devleti kazand\u0131 (1176).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Miryokefalon Zaferi sonucunda:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bizans\u2019\u0131n Anadolu\u2019yu T\u00fcrklerden geri alabilme umutlar\u0131 sona erdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Anadolu kesin olarak T\u00fcrk yurdu oldu. Bu tarihten sonra Anadolu\u2019ya T\u00fcrkiye denmeye ba\u015fland\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcrklerin bat\u0131ya ilerleyi\u015fi h\u0131zland\u0131. Bat\u0131 Anadolu\u2019da T\u00fcrk n\u00fcfusu artt\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Anadolu\u2019daki ticaret yollar\u0131n\u0131n denetimi b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde T\u00fcrkiye Sel\u00e7uklu Devleti\u2019ne ge\u00e7ti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

BOY B\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130NDEN DEVLETLE\u015eMEYE<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Boylar h\u00e2linde ya\u015fayan O\u011fuz T\u00fcrkleri boy birli\u011fi ya da beylik gibi ge\u00e7ici siyasi \u00e7at\u0131lar alt\u0131nda bir araya gelme al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na sahiplerdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Her boyun ba\u015f\u0131nda da \u201cbey\u201d unvan\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan bir ba\u015fkan vard\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Her boyun kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc bir damgas\u0131 vard\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Her boy kendi beyinin ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda sosyal, ekonomik ve idari bir te\u015fkilata sahipti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

O\u011fuz boylar\u0131n\u0131 bir araya getirip birle\u015ftiren boy beyi ise genelde ka\u011fan olurdu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

O\u011fuz boylar\u0131, I. ve II. K\u00f6k T\u00fcrk Devleti\u2019nin kurulmas\u0131nda \u00f6nemli rol oynad\u0131lar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u00f6k T\u00fcrklerin y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131ndan sonra bir s\u00fcre ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z hareket eden O\u011fuzlar, Uygurlar\u0131n h\u00e2kimiyetine girdiler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Uygur Devleti\u2019nin y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131ndan sonra O\u011fuz Yabgu Devleti\u2019ni kurdular.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

O\u011fuz Yabgu Devleti\u2019nin son d\u00f6nemlerinde bu devletin suba\u015f\u0131s\u0131 olan Sel\u00e7uk Bey, O\u011fuz Yabgusu ile anla\u015fmazl\u0131\u011fa d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kendisine ba\u011fl\u0131 K\u0131n\u0131k boyu ile Cend B\u00f6lgesine g\u00f6\u00e7 etti (960).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Burada boyu ile M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kabul etmelerinden sonra O\u011fuzlara T\u00fcrkmen denildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sonraki d\u00f6nemlerde Sel\u00e7uk Bey\u2019in torunlar\u0131 Tu\u011frul ve \u00c7a\u011fr\u0131 Beylerin \u00f6nderli\u011findeki O\u011fuz T\u00fcrkmenleri Horasan\u2019da B\u00fcy\u00fck Sel\u00e7uklu Devleti\u2019ni kurdular.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Daha sonraki d\u00f6nemlerde ise T\u00fcrkiye Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131 Anadolu\u2019da, Osmanl\u0131 Devleti ise Anadolu ve Rumeli\u2019de devletle\u015fme s\u00fcrecini devam ettirdiler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00dcRK\u0130YE SEL\u00c7UKLULARINDA DEVLET Y\u00d6NET\u0130M\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcrkiye Sel\u00e7uklu Devleti, B\u00fcy\u00fck Sel\u00e7uklu Devleti\u2019nin idari yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ve ordu te\u015fkilatlanmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6rnek ald\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Devletin ba\u015f\u0131nda Sel\u00e7uklu ailesinden gelen bir \u201csultan\u201d bulunurdu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sultan unvan\u0131 yan\u0131nda h\u00fck\u00fcmdarlar \u201ckeyh\u00fcsrev, keykavus, keykubat\u201d gibi Fars\u00e7a unvanlar da kullan\u0131rlard\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Devlet h\u00fck\u00fcmdar ailesinin ortak mal\u0131 olarak kabul edilir ve \u015fehzadeler aras\u0131nda payla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Devlet i\u015fleri \u201cDiv\u00e2n-\u0131 Saltanat\u2019ta (B\u00fcy\u00fck Div\u00e2n) g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcl\u00fcrd\u00fc. Her t\u00fcrl\u00fc konu divanda de\u011ferlendirilerek karara ba\u011flan\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131n \u00e7ocuklar\u0131na \u201c\u015fehzade\u201d denir; \u015fehzadeler, devlet tecr\u00fcbesi kazanmalar\u0131 amac\u0131yla k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ya\u015flarda vilayetlere g\u00f6nderilirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u015eehzadelerin yan\u0131na \u201catabey\u201d denilen tecr\u00fcbeli devlet adamlar\u0131 verilirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dclke idari y\u00f6nden eyaletlere ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Eyaletlerin ba\u015f\u0131nda \u201cemir\u201d denilen asker\u00ee vali bulunurdu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6nemli eyaletlere \u015fehzadeler \u201cmelik\u201d unvan\u0131yla atan\u0131rlard\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u015eehirlerin g\u00fcvenli\u011finden \u201csuba\u015f\u0131lar\u201d sorumluydu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bizans ve Ermeni s\u0131n\u0131r b\u00f6lgelerini ise \u201cU\u00e7 Beyleri\u201d y\u00f6netirdi. U\u00e7 beyleri s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 koruman\u0131n yan\u0131nda, d\u00fc\u015fman \u00fclkelere ak\u0131nlar d\u00fczenler, sultan ile sefere \u00e7\u0131karlard\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00dcRK\u0130YE SEL\u00c7UKLULARINDA ORDU<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hassa askerleri: H\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131n s\u00fcrekli yan\u0131nda bulunan atl\u0131 ve yaya askerlerdi. \u00dc\u00e7 ayda bir devletten maa\u015f al\u0131rlard\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sipahiler (\u0130kta askerleri): Tamamen T\u00fcrklerden olu\u015fan askerlerdi. Maa\u015f yerine ikta (dirlik) denilen t\u0131marlar\u0131 alan sipahiler genelde atl\u0131 birliklerdi. Sava\u015f zaman\u0131 ikta sahibi ile birlikte orduya kat\u0131l\u0131rlard\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcrkmenler: U\u00e7 b\u00f6lgelerinde her an sava\u015fa haz\u0131r durumda bulunan birliklerdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Devlete ba\u011fl\u0131 beylik askerleri: \u0130htiya\u00e7 duyuldu\u011fu zaman sava\u015fa davet edilirlerdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Donanma: Donanma komutanlar\u0131na \u201creis\u00fc\u2019l-bahr\u201d denirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

SOSYAL HAYAT<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1176 Miryokefalon Zaferi \u2018den sonra ba\u015fta ba\u015fkent Konya olmak \u00fczere Aksaray, Sivas, Erzurum Kastamonu, Sinop, Alanya, Antalya gibi \u015fehirlerde imar faaliyetleri ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fethedilen b\u00f6lgelere T\u00fcrkmenler isk\u00e2n edilerek Anadolu\u2019nun T\u00fcrkle\u015fme ve \u0130slamla\u015fma s\u00fcreci h\u0131zland\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcrkiye Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131n\u0131n uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 adil ve ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fc politika sayesinde Anadolu\u2019daki Ermeniler, Rumlar, G\u00fcrc\u00fcler ve di\u011fer gayrim\u00fcslim topluluklar rahat ve huzurlu ya\u015fad\u0131lar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcrkiye Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131nda sosyal tabakala\u015fma yoktu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

HALK<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u015eehirliler: Askerler, devlet memurlar\u0131, ilmiye s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131, esnaf, zanaatk\u00e2rlar ve \u015fehir halk\u0131ndan olu\u015furdu. Esnaflar Ahilik te\u015fkilat\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ahilik, \u015fehirlerdeki esnaf ve zanaatk\u00e2rlar\u0131n sosyal ve ekonomik y\u00f6nden te\u015fkilatlanmalar\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ahi te\u015fkilat\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda \u201cAhi Baba\u201d ad\u0131 verilen bir y\u00f6netici bulunurdu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ahilik meslek kurulu\u015fu oldu\u011fu kadar ayn\u0131 zamanda k\u00fclt\u00fcr, inan\u00e7, yi\u011fitlik ve ahlaki de\u011ferler ta\u015f\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u00f6yl\u00fcler: K\u00f6ylerin ba\u015f\u0131nda k\u00f6y keth\u00fcdas\u0131 bulunurdu. K\u00f6yl\u00fcler, tar\u0131m ve hayvanc\u0131l\u0131kla u\u011fra\u015f\u0131rlard\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Konar-g\u00f6\u00e7erler: Genelde hayvanc\u0131l\u0131kla u\u011fra\u015f\u0131rlard\u0131. Kendilerine ait yaylak ve k\u0131\u015flaklar\u0131 vard\u0131. Devlet, konar-g\u00f6\u00e7erleri u\u00e7 b\u00f6lgelerine isk\u00e2n ederek onlar\u0131n yerle\u015fik hayata ge\u00e7melerine \u00f6n ayak olurdu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

EKONOM\u0130K HAYAT<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tar\u0131m\u0131 geli\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in su kanallar\u0131 yapt\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. \u0130kta sistemi \u00fclke genelinde yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Din ve \u0131rk ayr\u0131m\u0131 yapmaks\u0131z\u0131n k\u00f6yl\u00fcye g\u00fcbre ve tohum yard\u0131m\u0131 yapt\u0131lar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130KTA S\u0130STEM\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u00fclkiyeti devlete ait olan mir\u00ee araziler meliklere, emirlere ve valilere hizmet kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 verilirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Arazi iyi i\u015fletildi\u011fi s\u00fcrece verilen ki\u015fide kal\u0131r ve miras olarak b\u0131rakabilirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Araziyi \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131l boyunca i\u015fletemeyen ki\u015filerden tarlan\u0131n i\u015fletme hakk\u0131 geri al\u0131n\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130kta sahipleri kendilerine verilen araziler \u00fczerinde asker beslemekten ve bu askerlerin e\u011fitimini sa\u011flamaktan sorumluydu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130kta sistemi sayesinde devlet, b\u00fct\u00e7eden para ay\u0131rmadan asker yeti\u015ftirmi\u015f, tar\u0131m arazilerinin s\u00fcrekli i\u015flenmesini sa\u011flam\u0131\u015f, ta\u015frada devlet otoritesi sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015f, toprak gelirleriyle memur maa\u015flar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lanm\u0131\u015f ve iktalarda sava\u015fa haz\u0131r askerler yeti\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

EKONOM\u0130K HAYAT<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Anadolu\u2019dan ge\u00e7en \u0130pek yolu ticaretin geli\u015fmesini sa\u011flad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcrkiye Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131 Sinop, Samsun, Alanya, Antalya gibi \u00f6nemli liman \u015fehirlerine sahip olunca deniz ticaretine b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem verdiler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ticaret yollar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fczerg\u00e2hlar\u0131 \u00fczerine kervansaraylar in\u015fa ettiler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 Kervansaraylara gelen misafirlerin ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 \u00fccretsiz kar\u015f\u0131lad\u0131lar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ayr\u0131ca Kervanlar\u0131 zarar g\u00f6ren t\u00fcccarlar\u0131n zararlar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamaya y\u00f6nelik bir \u00e7e\u015fit sigortac\u0131l\u0131k sistemi geli\u015ftirdiler. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u015eehir merkezlerinde \u00e7ar\u015f\u0131 ve pazarlara yak\u0131n yerlere han veya kapal\u0131 \u00e7ar\u015f\u0131lar kurarak esnaf ve t\u00fcccarlara kolayl\u0131k sa\u011flad\u0131lar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Konya, Sivas, Kayseri, Malatya, Erzincan ba\u015fl\u0131ca sanayi merkezleriydi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erzurum ve Sivas gibi merkezlerde \u00e7e\u015fitli silahlar \u00fcretilirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u0130L\u0130M HAYATI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nizamiye Medreselerindeki e\u011fitim gelene\u011fini Anadolu\u2019ya ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131lar. \u00d6nemli \u015fehir merkezlerine medreseler, k\u00fct\u00fcphaneler kurdular.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu medreselerde din\u00ee e\u011fitimin yan\u0131nda t\u0131p, matematik, astronomi, fizik gibi alanlarda e\u011fitim verildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dar\u00fc\u015f\u015fifalar (hastaneler) in\u015fa ettiler. Bu Dar\u00fc\u015f\u015fifalarda t\u0131p e\u011fitimi de verdirerek bir\u00e7ok tabip (doktor) yeti\u015fmesini sa\u011flad\u0131lar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1205\u2019te Kayseri\u2019de T\u00fcrkiye Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131 D\u00f6nemi\u2019nde yapt\u0131r\u0131lan en \u00f6nemli dar\u00fc\u015f\u015fifa, \u201cGevher Nesibe Dar\u00fc\u015f\u015fifas\u0131\u201dd\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcrkiye Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131n\u0131n ilk t\u0131p okulu olan Gevher Nesibe Dar\u00fc\u015f\u015fifas\u0131, XIX. y\u00fczy\u0131la kadar e\u011fitim faaliyetlerini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u00dcLT\u00dcREL HAYAT<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

XIII. y\u00fczy\u0131l ba\u015flar\u0131nda Konya\u2019da Mevlana Celaleddin-i Rumi Allah ve insan sevgisini i\u015fleyen \u015fiirler yazd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Muhyiddin Arabi, Sadrettin Konevi ile Necmeddin Razi tasavvuf alan\u0131nda \u00f6nemli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda bulundular.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yunus Emre T\u00fcrk\u00e7e tasavvufi \u015fiirler yazd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dcnl\u00fc tarih\u00e7ilerinden \u0130bn-i Bibi yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 eserlerle h\u00fck\u00fcmdarlar ve devlet y\u00f6netimi hakk\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bilgiler verdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sivas ve Konya\u2019da dokunan kuma\u015f ve hal\u0131lar Avrupa h\u00fck\u00fcmdarlar\u0131na hediye olarak g\u00f6nderilirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u00fczik alan\u0131nda ise Mevlevi ve Ahi zaviyelerinde tasavvuf m\u00fczi\u011fi, derg\u00e2hlarda kopuz e\u015fli\u011finde s\u00f6ylenen Dede Korkut Hik\u00e2yeleri, sultanlar i\u00e7in belli g\u00fcnlerde sarayda \u00e7al\u0131nan bandolar vard\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcrkiye Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131 D\u00f6nemi\u2019nde s\u00fcsleme sanatlar\u0131 kabartma, minyat\u00fcr, oymac\u0131l\u0131k, \u00e7inicilik olduk\u00e7a geli\u015fti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Devletin simgesi olan \u00e7ift ba\u015fl\u0131 kartal resmine, ev ve kale duvarlar\u0131, camii giri\u015fleri gibi yerlerde s\u0131k\u00e7a rastlamak m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcrkiye Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131ndan Kalma Eserler<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Konya: Al\u00e2eddin Cami, Ta\u015f Mescit, S\u0131r\u00e7al\u0131 Mescit ve Karatay Mescidi<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ni\u011fde: Al\u00e2eddin Cami,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kayseri : Hunat Hatun Cami ve K\u00fclliyesi<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu eserlerdeki s\u00fcslemeler genelde ayet ve hadisleri hat ile mermer veya ta\u015f \u00fczerine yazma \u015feklindedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bunun d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, saray, medrese, mescit, k\u00fcmbet gibi mimari yap\u0131larda ise bitki ve hayvan motifleri kullan\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ha\u00e7l\u0131 Seferleri(1096-1270)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Hristiyan d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n birle\u015ferek Orta \u00c7a\u011f\u2019da Kud\u00fcs ve \u00e7evresini alma bahanesiyle T\u00fcrk \u0130slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131 \u00fczerine yapm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu sald\u0131r\u0131lara \u201cHa\u00e7l\u0131 Seferleri\u201d denir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Seferlere kat\u0131lanlar\u0131n sava\u015fa giderken elbiselerinin \u00f6n k\u0131sm\u0131nda, seferden d\u00f6nerlerken ise s\u0131rtlar\u0131nda bir ha\u00e7 i\u015fareti bulunurdu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ha\u00e7l\u0131 Seferleri\u2019ne kar\u015f\u0131 ba\u015fta T\u00fcrkiye Sel\u00e7uklu Devleti ve Eyy\u00fbb\u00ee Devleti olmak \u00fczere Anadolu\u2019da kurulan ilk T\u00fcrk beylikleri m\u00fccadele ettiler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

HA\u00c7LI SEFERLER\u0130\u2019N\u0130N D\u0130N\u0130 SEBEPLER\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hristiyanlar\u0131n, M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n elinde bulunan Kud\u00fcs ve di\u011fer kutsal yerleri (Antakya ve Urfa vb.) almak istemeleri<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fransa\u2019da ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan Kluni tarikat\u0131n\u0131n M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlarla sava\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Katolik kilisesinin Ortodoks kilisesini h\u00e2kimiyet alt\u0131na almak istemesi<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Katolik kilisesinin halk\u0131 seferlere te\u015fvik etmesi<\/p>\n\n\n\n

HA\u00c7LI SEFERLER\u0130\u2019N\u0130N S\u0130YAS\u0130 SEBEPLER\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcrkler kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda zor durumda kalan Bizans\u2019\u0131n Avrupa\u2019dan yard\u0131m istemesi<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcrklerin Anadolu, Suriye, Filistin ve Akdeniz b\u00f6lgelerinden uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmak istenmesi<\/p>\n\n\n\n

HA\u00c7LI SEFERLER\u0130\u2019N\u0130N EKONOM\u0130K SEBEPLER\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Avrupal\u0131lar\u0131n Do\u011fu\u2019nun zenginliklerini ele ge\u00e7irmek istemeleri<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Do\u011fudan gelen ticaret yollar\u0131n\u0131n T\u00fcrklerin denetiminde olmas\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Baz\u0131 soylu ve derebeylerin yeni topraklar kazanarak ekonomik durumlar\u0131n\u0131 daha da g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmek istemeleri<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I. HA\u00c7LI SEFER\u0130 (1096-1099)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kud\u00fcs\u2019\u00fc almak i\u00e7in yola \u00e7\u0131kan 600 Bin ki\u015filik ilk d\u00fczenli Ha\u00e7l\u0131 ordusu 1096 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130znik \u00f6nlerine kadar geldi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I. K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 Arslan bu ordu kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda tutunamad\u0131 ve \u0130znik\u2019i terk ederek devletin merkezini Konya\u2019ya ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bundan sonra I. K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 Arslan, Dani\u015fment Gazi ile birle\u015ferek Ha\u00e7l\u0131lar\u0131 y\u0131pratmaya y\u00f6nelik sald\u0131r\u0131lar d\u00fczenledi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ha\u00e7l\u0131lar Anadolu\u2019dan Kud\u00fcs\u2019e vard\u0131klar\u0131nda say\u0131lar\u0131 50.000-100.000 kadar kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ha\u00e7l\u0131lar, yetmi\u015f g\u00fcnl\u00fck bir ku\u015fatma sonras\u0131nda Kud\u00fcs\u2019\u00fc F\u00e2tim\u00eeler\u2019in elinden ald\u0131lar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Anadolu\u2019dan Kud\u00fcs\u2019e ula\u015famayan Ha\u00e7l\u0131lar\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131 ise Antakya ve Urfa\u2019y\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irerek buralarda kontluklar kurdular.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

II. Ha\u00e7l\u0131 Seferi (1147-1149)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Musul Atabeyi Nurettin Mahmut Zengi 1144 y\u0131l\u0131nda Ha\u00e7l\u0131lardan \u00f6nce Urfa\u2019y\u0131, daha sonra da Halep ve \u015eam\u2019\u0131 geri ald\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Anadolu\u2019ya gelen Ha\u00e7l\u0131 kuvvetleri , Konya civar\u0131nda yap\u0131lan sava\u015fta, T\u00fcrkiye Sel\u00e7uklu H\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 I. Mesut taraf\u0131ndan a\u011f\u0131r bir yenilgiye u\u011frat\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ha\u00e7l\u0131lar \u015eam\u2019\u0131 ku\u015fatmak istedilerse de ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olamad\u0131lar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

II. Ha\u00e7l\u0131 Seferi\u2019nin en \u00f6nemli \u00f6zelli\u011fi bu sefere ilk kez kral ve imparatorlar\u0131n kat\u0131lmas\u0131 oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

III. Ha\u00e7l\u0131 Seferi (1189-1192):<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019da kurulmu\u015f olan Eyy\u00fcbi Devleti H\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 Selahaddin Eyyubi, 1187 y\u0131l\u0131nda Ha\u00e7l\u0131larla yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 Hittin Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131 kazanarak Kud\u00fcs\u2019\u00fc ele ge\u00e7irdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fransa Kral\u0131 Philippe Auguste (Filip Og\u00fcst), \u0130ngiltere Kral\u0131 I. Richard (Arslan Y\u00fcrekli Ri\u015fard) ve Alman \u0130mparatoru I. Friedrich (Frederik Barbaros), III. Ha\u00e7l\u0131 Seferi\u2019ne kat\u0131ld\u0131lar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ha\u00e7l\u0131lar Kud\u00fcs ku\u015fatmas\u0131nda ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olamayarak \u00fclkelerine geri d\u00f6nd\u00fcler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

IV. Ha\u00e7l\u0131 Seferi (1202-1204)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kud\u00fcs\u2019\u00fcn al\u0131namamas\u0131 \u00fczerine Papa\u2019n\u0131n k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtmalar\u0131yla yeni bir ordu kuruldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu s\u0131rada Bizans\u2019ta taht kavgalar\u0131 sonucunda tahtan indirilen \u0130mparator Aleksios, Ha\u00e7l\u0131 ordusundan yard\u0131m istedi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130stanbul\u2019a gelen Ha\u00e7l\u0131lar \u0130stanbul\u2019u ya\u011fmalayarak bir Latin \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu kurdular.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

XI-XIII. y\u00fczy\u0131l boyunca sekiz Ha\u00e7l\u0131 Seferi ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Son d\u00f6rt Ha\u00e7l\u0131 seferi ise Anadolu \u00fczerinden yap\u0131lmay\u0131p de\u011fi\u015fik yollar \u00fczerinden yap\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ancak Ha\u00e7l\u0131lar bu seferlerden bir netice elde edemediler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

HA\u00c7LI SEFERLER\u0130\u2019N\u0130N S\u0130YAS\u0130 SONU\u00c7LARI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ha\u00e7l\u0131 Seferleri\u2019nde bir\u00e7ok soylunun \u00f6lmesi veya geriye d\u00f6nebilenlerin paras\u0131zl\u0131k sebebiyle mallar\u0131n\u0131 satmas\u0131 Avrupa\u2019da derebeylik sisteminin zay\u0131flamas\u0131na, merkez\u00ee krall\u0131klar\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7lenmesine neden oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcrkiye Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131n\u0131n, Ha\u00e7l\u0131larla sava\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 f\u0131rsat bilen Bizans, Bat\u0131 Anadolu topraklar\u0131n\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcrklerin, \u0130slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131ndaki sayg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 artt\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ancak T\u00fcrklerin bat\u0131ya ilerleyi\u015fleri bir s\u00fcre durdu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

HA\u00c7LI SEFERLER\u0130\u2019N\u0130N EKONOM\u0130K SONU\u00c7LARI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Do\u011fu-Bat\u0131 ticareti b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde geli\u015fti. Bat\u0131 Akdeniz ve limanlar\u0131 (Venedik, Cenova, Marsilya gibi) \u00f6nem kazand\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Do\u011fu-Bat\u0131 ticaretinin geli\u015fmesine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak Avrupa\u2019da baz\u0131 t\u00fcccarlar ekonomik y\u00f6nden g\u00fc\u00e7lendi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Seferlere gerekli parasal deste\u011fin sa\u011flanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in krallar\u0131n Venedikli bankerlerden bor\u00e7 para almalar\u0131 bankac\u0131l\u0131k sisteminin geli\u015fmesine ortam haz\u0131rlad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Avrupal\u0131lar do\u011fudaki baz\u0131 bitki, baharat, porselen ve cam e\u015fyay\u0131, ipek ve pamuklu kuma\u015flar\u0131, hal\u0131lar\u0131 \u00fclkelerine g\u00f6t\u00fcrd\u00fcler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Seferler neticesinde Anadolu, Suriye ve di\u011fer b\u00f6lgeler tahrip oldu, tar\u0131msal \u00fcretim azald\u0131, ticari hayat durgunla\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

HA\u00c7LI SEFERLER\u0130\u2019N\u0130N D\u0130N\u0130 SONU\u00c7LARI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Katolik kilisesi ile Ortodoks kilisesi aras\u0131ndaki ayr\u0131l\u0131klar daha da artt\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kud\u00fcs\u2019\u00fcn M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar taraf\u0131ndan geri al\u0131nmas\u0131, seferlerde bir\u00e7ok insan\u0131n \u00f6lmesi papalara ve din adamlar\u0131na olan g\u00fcveni sarst\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

HA\u00c7LI SEFERLER\u0130\u2019N\u0130N B\u0130L\u0130MSEL VE K\u00dcLT\u00dcREL SONU\u00c7LARI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Avrupal\u0131lar M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlardan pusula, barut, k\u00e2\u011f\u0131t ve matbaan\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011frendiler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Avrupal\u0131lar \u0130slam k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve medeniyetini yak\u0131ndan tan\u0131ma f\u0131rsat\u0131 buldular.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Baz\u0131 \u0130slam \u00e2limlerine ait eserleri Latinceye \u00e7evirdiler. Bu durum Avrupa\u2019da bilim hayat\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde geli\u015fmesine ortam haz\u0131rlad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mo\u011fol \u0130stilas\u0131 ve Sonu\u00e7lar\u0131<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

MO\u011eOL \u0130MPARATORLU\u011eU (1196-1227)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1196 y\u0131l\u0131nda, Cengiz Han taraf\u0131ndan kuruldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mo\u011follar, devlet y\u00f6netiminde Uygurlardan etkilenmi\u015f, \u00f6nemli devlet memuriyetlerine Uygurlar\u0131 getirmi\u015flerdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cengiz Han, Pekin\u2019i uzun s\u00fcren sava\u015flar sonras\u0131nda almay\u0131 ba\u015fard\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1221\u2019de Harezm B\u00f6lgesi\u2019nin b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irdiler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 Bir s\u00fcre sonra t\u00fcm Kafkasya, Rusya ve Anadolu\u2019yu Mo\u011follar\u0131n h\u00e2kimiyeti alt\u0131na ald\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cengiz\u2019in \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcyle i\u015fgal etti\u011fi \u00fclkeler, o\u011fullar\u0131 aras\u0131nda payla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I. AL\u00c2EDD\u0130N KEYKUBAT D\u00d6NEM\u0130 (1220- 1237)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

XIII. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan itibaren Anadolu\u2019ya y\u00f6nelik Mo\u011fol tehdidi belirgin h\u00e2le geldi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al\u00e2eddin Keykubat Konya, Kayseri, Sivas gibi \u015fehirlerin kalelerini yeniden in\u015fa etti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 S\u0131n\u0131r boylar\u0131ndaki kaleleri g\u00fc\u00e7lendirdi. Eyy\u00fcbilerle ve Harzem\u015fahlarla dostane ili\u015fkiler kurdu. Mo\u011follarla iyi ge\u00e7indi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eyyubilerle birlikte Harzem\u015fahlar\u0131 da yan\u0131na alarak Mo\u011follara kar\u015f\u0131 ittifak kurmak istedi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ancak Harzem\u015fah H\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 Celalettin Harzem\u015fah\u2019\u0131n Ahlat\u2019\u0131 i\u015fgal edip Sivas\u2019a do\u011fru ilerlemesi y\u00fcz\u00fcnden bu ittifak ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmedi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I. Al\u00e2eddin Keykubat, Harzem\u015fahlar Devleti \u00fczerine y\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yass\u0131 \u00c7imen\u2019de yap\u0131lan sava\u015f\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye Sel\u00e7uklu Devleti kazand\u0131 (1230).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu sava\u015ftan bir s\u00fcre sonra Harzem\u015fahlar y\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131 (1231).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 Harzem\u015fahlar\u0131n y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131yla T\u00fcrkiye Sel\u00e7uklu Devleti ve Mo\u011follar kom\u015fu oldular.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mo\u011follar b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ordu ile Malatya\u2019ya kadar ilerlediler. Bu durum kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda I. Al\u00e2eddin Keykubat, Mo\u011fol H\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 \u00d6geday\u2019a el\u00e7iler g\u00f6ndererek bar\u0131\u015f teklifinde bulundu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mo\u011follar\u0131n a\u011f\u0131r \u015fartlar i\u00e7eren teklifini, Mo\u011follar\u0131 Anadolu\u2019dan uzak tutabilece\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesiyle kabul etti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Abbasi halifesi, Sel\u00e7uklu ve Eyyubilere el\u00e7iler g\u00f6nderdi. El\u00e7iler, her iki devlete birbirleriyle sava\u015fmalar\u0131 yerine Mo\u011follara kar\u015f\u0131 ittifak kurmalar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nerdiler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I. Al\u00e2eddin Keykubat bu fikre destek verdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ancak bu ittifaka kar\u015f\u0131 olanlar, I. Al\u00e2eddin Keykubat\u2019\u0131n el\u00e7iler, onuruna verdi\u011fi ziyafet esnas\u0131nda onu zehirleyerek \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fcler (1237).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

II. GIYASEDD\u0130N KEYH\u00dcSREV D\u00d6NEM\u0130 (1237- 1246)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

II. G\u0131yaseddin Keyh\u00fcsrev, tahta \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131nda kendisine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olan vezir Sadettin K\u00f6pek\u2019in etkisinde kald\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u0131rs\u0131 ve \u00fclkeyi tek ba\u015f\u0131na y\u00f6netme iste\u011fi Sadettin K\u00f6pek\u2019in bir\u00e7ok \u00f6nemli devlet adam\u0131n\u0131 ve komutan\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131rmas\u0131yla kendini g\u00f6sterdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tahta \u00e7\u0131kmaya kalk\u0131\u015f\u0131nca II. G\u0131yaseddin Keyh\u00fcsrev taraf\u0131ndan ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcm bu geli\u015fmeler merkez\u00ee otoriteyi zay\u0131flatt\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

BABA \u0130SHAK \u0130SYANI (1237):<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u00fcney Anadolu\u2019daki (K\u00e2hta, Ad\u0131yaman ve Mara\u015f) baz\u0131 T\u00fcrkmenler otlak ve mera yetersizli\u011fi, devletin kendileriyle fazla ilgilenmedi\u011fi iddias\u0131yla Baba \u0130shak adl\u0131 bir \u015feyhin etraf\u0131nda isyan \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131lar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Baba \u0130shak Amasya\u2019ya giderek buradaki T\u00fcrkmenleri de isyana te\u015fvik etti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sivas\u2019\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irip ya\u011fmalayan T\u00fcrkmenler, \u00fczerlerine gelen bir Sel\u00e7uklu ordusunu da yenmeyi ba\u015fard\u0131lar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

II. G\u0131yaseddin Keyh\u00fcsrev, Baba \u0130shak \u00fczerine yeni ordular g\u00f6nderdi. Yakalanan Baba \u0130shak idam edildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u00d6SEDA\u011e SAVA\u015eI (1243):<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Anadolu Sel\u00e7uklu Devleti\u2019nin Baba \u0130shak \u0130syan\u0131\u2019n\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fckle bast\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131 ve merkez\u00ee otoritenin bozulmas\u0131n\u0131 f\u0131rsat bilen Mo\u011follar Anadolu\u2019ya sald\u0131rd\u0131lar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

II. G\u0131yaseddin Keyh\u00fcsrev, Mo\u011follar\u0131 Sivas\u2019\u0131n do\u011fusunda yer alan K\u00f6seda\u011f mevkisinde kar\u015f\u0131lad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sava\u015f\u0131 kazanan Mo\u011follar k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede Sivas, Erzincan ve Kayseri\u2019yi ele ge\u00e7irip ya\u011fmalad\u0131ktan sonra \u0130ran\u2019a \u00e7ekildiler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u00f6seda\u011f yenilgisinden sonra Sultan, Mo\u011fol Komutan\u0131 Baycu Noyan\u2019a el\u00e7iler g\u00f6ndererek bar\u0131\u015f istedi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcrkiye Sel\u00e7uklu Devleti, bu anla\u015fmayla Mo\u011follar\u0131n denetimine girmi\u015f oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1243 K\u00d6SEDA\u011e SAVA\u015eI\u2019NIN SONU\u00c7LARI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcrkiye Sel\u00e7uklu Devleti da\u011f\u0131lma s\u00fcrecine girdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sel\u00e7uklularda taht kavgalar\u0131 artt\u0131 ve Mo\u011follar istediklerini tahta \u00e7\u0131karmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. B\u00f6ylece T\u00fcrkiye Sel\u00e7uklu Devleti Mo\u011follar\u0131n egemenli\u011fine girdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Merkez\u00ee otoritenin bozulmas\u0131 \u00fczerine bir\u00e7ok T\u00fcrk beyli\u011fi ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Anadolu ya\u011fmalanarak tahrip edildi. Tar\u0131msal \u00fcretim d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Ticaret yollar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcvenli\u011fi kalmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ticari faaliyetler azald\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mo\u011fol tehlikesinden kurtulmak isteyen bir\u00e7ok T\u00fcrkmen boyu Bat\u0131 Anadolu\u2019ya g\u00f6\u00e7 ederek buralar\u0131n T\u00fcrkle\u015fmesini sa\u011flad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MO\u011eOL \u0130ST\u0130LASI SONRASI ANADOLU\u2019NUN S\u0130YAS\u0130 VE TOPLUMSAL DURUMU<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcrkiye Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131, do\u011fudan gelen T\u00fcrkmenleri, bat\u0131da \u201cu\u00e7\u201d ad\u0131 verdi\u011fi Bizans s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131na yerle\u015ftirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u00f6seda\u011f Sava\u015f\u0131 sonras\u0131nda u\u00e7lardaki T\u00fcrkmenler ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z hareket etmeye ba\u015flad\u0131lar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Anadolu\u2019da Mo\u011fol bask\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n artmas\u0131 sonucu, bir\u00e7ok T\u00fcrkmen bat\u0131ya, u\u00e7lar\u0131n bulundu\u011fu b\u00f6lgelere g\u00f6\u00e7 etmek zorunda kald\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu durum u\u00e7larda ani bir n\u00fcfus art\u0131\u015f\u0131na, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla da sosyal ve ekonomik sorunlara yol a\u00e7t\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z hareket etmeye ba\u015flayan T\u00fcrkmen beyleri bir s\u00fcre sonra \u0130lhanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019ne biat etmek zorunda kald\u0131lar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130lhanl\u0131lar\u0131n 1336 y\u0131l\u0131nda y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131yla tamamen ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z oldular. B\u00f6ylece Anadolu\u2019da \u0130kinci T\u00fcrk Beylikleri D\u00f6nemi ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u00f6seda\u011f Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019ndan Sonra Anadolu\u2019da Kurulan T\u00fcrk Beylikleri<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Karamano\u011fullar\u0131: Konya civar\u0131nda kuruldu. D\u00f6nemin en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc beyli\u011fi idi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Germiyano\u011fullar\u0131: K\u00fctahya civar\u0131nda kuruldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ayd\u0131no\u011fullar\u0131: Ayd\u0131n civar\u0131nda kuruldu. Denizcilik faaliyetlerinde bulundular.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mente\u015feo\u011fullar\u0131: Mu\u011fla civar\u0131nda kuruldu. Denizcilik faaliyetlerinde bulundu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saruhano\u011fullar\u0131: \u0130zmir ve Manisa civar\u0131nda kuruldu. Denizcilik faaliyetlerinde bulundu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Karesio\u011fullar\u0131: Bal\u0131kesir ve \u00c7anakkale civa\u00adr\u0131nda kuruldu. Denizcilik faaliyetlerinde bulundu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Osmano\u011fullar\u0131: S\u00f6\u011f\u00fct ve Domani\u00e7 civar\u0131nda kuruldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hamito\u011fullar\u0131: Isparta ve Burdur civar\u0131nda kuruldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Candaro\u011fullar\u0131: Kastamonu ve Sinop civar\u0131nda kuruldu. Denizcilik faaliyetlerinde bulundu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ramazano\u011fullar\u0131: Adana ve Tarsus civar\u0131nda kuruldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dulkadiro\u011fullar\u0131: Mara\u015f civar\u0131nda kuruldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eratna Devleti: Ankara, Tokat, Sivas civar\u0131nda kuruldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MO\u011eOL \u0130ST\u0130LASI SONRASI ANADOLU\u2019NUN S\u0130YAS\u0130 VE TOPLUMSAL DURUMU<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcrkiye Sel\u00e7uklu Devleti alperenleri u\u00e7 (s\u0131n\u0131r) b\u00f6lgelerine yerle\u015ftirerek bunlar\u0131n hem fetihlerde bulunmalar\u0131n\u0131 hem de bulunduklar\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerde \u0130slamiyet\u2019i yaymalar\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bunlar aras\u0131ndan Baba \u0130lyas, Anadolu\u2019da \u201cBaba\u00eelik\u201d ad\u0131yla ilk tarikat\u0131 kurdu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu tarikat\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda Anadolu\u2019da Mevlevilik, Bekta\u015filik, Yesevilik gibi tarikatlar faaliyetlerde bulunuyordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bunlar \u00f6zellikle K\u00f6seda\u011f Sava\u015f\u0131 sonras\u0131 Anadolu\u2019da sosyal huzurun bozulmas\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda d\u00fczeni yeniden sa\u011flanmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik b\u00fcy\u00fck gayretler g\u00f6sterdiler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mo\u011fol sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 sonras\u0131 U\u00e7lara giden \u015feyhler, dervi\u015f ve \u00e2limler; b\u00f6lgede yaratt\u0131klar\u0131 din\u00ee ve mill\u00ee heyecanla Bizans\u2019a kar\u015f\u0131 gaza ve cihat m\u00fccadelesini ba\u015flatt\u0131lar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEVL\u00c2N\u00c2, HACI BEKT\u00c2\u015e-I VEL\u0130 VE YUNUS EMRE<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mevl\u00e2n\u00e2 Cel\u00e2ledd\u00een-\u00ee Rum\u00ee bir uyar\u0131c\u0131 ve yol g\u00f6sterici gibi davranarak Anadolu\u2019nun kar\u0131\u015f\u0131k d\u00f6nemlerinde insanlara yeni ufuklar a\u00e7maya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bekta\u015filik Tarikat\u0131\u2019n\u0131n kurucusu Hac\u0131 Bekt\u00e2\u015f-\u0131 Veli Suluca Karah\u00f6y\u00fck\u2019te bir zaviye kurarak Mo\u011fol istilas\u0131 y\u00fcz\u00fcnden Anadolu\u2019da zor durumda kalan insanlara kucak a\u00e7t\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bekta\u015filik tarikat\u0131ndan yeti\u015fen m\u00fcritleri ise Anadolu\u2019nun \u00e7e\u015fitli yerlerine giderek \u0130slamiyet\u2019i yaymaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mo\u011fol istilas\u0131 sonucu Anadolu\u2019da sosyal d\u00fczeni sa\u011flamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan \u00f6nemli isimlerden birisi de engin ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fc anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 ile Anadolu halk\u0131n\u0131 etkileyen Yunus Emre idi<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Bu yaz\u0131m\u0131zda g\u00fcncel m\u00fcfredata g\u00f6re haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u00a010. s\u0131n\u0131f tarih dersi 1. \u00fcnitesi\u00a0olan Yerle\u015fme ve Devletle\u015fme S\u00fcrecinde Sel\u00e7uklu T\u00fcrkiyesi \u00fcnitesinin\u00a0\u00f6zet ders notlar\u0131n\u0131\u00a0payla\u015f\u0131yoruz.\u00a010. s\u0131n\u0131f tarih kitab\u0131 \u00f6zet pdf\u00a0ders […]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1341,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_regular_price":[],"currency_symbol":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[161],"tags":[5,6],"class_list":["post-1348","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-10-sinif-tarih-ders-notlari","tag-10-sinif-tarih","tag-tarih-ders-notlari"],"post_slider_layout_featured_media_urls":{"thumbnail":["https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/10.SINIF-TARIH-NOTLAR-150x150.png",150,150,true],"post_slider_layout_landscape_large":["https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/10.SINIF-TARIH-NOTLAR-1200x720.png",1200,720,true],"post_slider_layout_portrait_large":["https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/10.SINIF-TARIH-NOTLAR-1200x720.png",1200,720,true],"post_slider_layout_square_large":["https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/10.SINIF-TARIH-NOTLAR-1200x720.png",1200,720,true],"post_slider_layout_landscape":["https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/10.SINIF-TARIH-NOTLAR-600x400.png",600,400,true],"post_slider_layout_portrait":["https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/10.SINIF-TARIH-NOTLAR-600x720.png",600,720,true],"post_slider_layout_square":["https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/10.SINIF-TARIH-NOTLAR-600x600.png",600,600,true],"full":["https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/10.SINIF-TARIH-NOTLAR.png",1280,720,false]},"yoast_head":"\nI. \u00dcnite Yerle\u015fme ve Devletle\u015fme S\u00fcrecinde Sel\u00e7uklu T\u00fcrkiyesi - 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