{"id":1386,"date":"2024-10-25T10:20:48","date_gmt":"2024-10-25T07:20:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/?p=1386"},"modified":"2024-10-27T23:41:39","modified_gmt":"2024-10-27T20:41:39","slug":"i-bolum-dunya-tarihi-cercevesinde-turk-dunyasi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/index.php\/2024\/10\/25\/i-bolum-dunya-tarihi-cercevesinde-turk-dunyasi\/","title":{"rendered":"I. B\u00f6l\u00fcm: D\u00fcnya Tarihi \u00c7er\u00e7evesinde T\u00fcrk D\u00fcnyas\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bu yaz\u0131m\u0131zda g\u00fcncel m\u00fcfredata g\u00f6re haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u00a0<strong>Se\u00e7meli Ortak T\u00fcrk Tarihi<\/strong>\u00a0dersi 1. \u00fcnitesi olan\u00a0<strong>D\u00fcnya Tarihi \u00c7er\u00e7evesinde T\u00fcrk D\u00fcnyas\u0131<\/strong>\u00a0\u00fcnitesinin\u00a0<strong>\u00f6zet ders notlar\u0131n\u0131\u00a0<\/strong>payla\u015f\u0131yoruz. <strong>Ortak T\u00fcrk Tarihi kitab\u0131 \u00f6zet pdf<\/strong>\u00a0ders notlar\u0131 sayesinde derslerde daha ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olacaks\u0131n\u0131z. G\u00fcncel tarih ders kitab\u0131na uygun olarak haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z dersi notlar\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki konular\u0131 kapsamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ortak T\u00fcrk Tarihi I. B\u00f6l\u00fcm<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>1. T\u00dcRK HALKLARININ D\u00dcNYA TAR\u0130H\u0130NDEK\u0130 YER\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde T\u00fcrk halklar\u0131 irili ufakl\u0131 otuzdan fazla topluluktan olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u00fcrkler, Avrasya olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan geni\u015f b\u00f6lgede ya\u015famaktad\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u00fcrk topluluklar\u0131; tarihin ilk d\u00f6nemlerinden beri Mo\u011fol, \u00c7in, Tibet, Hint, \u0130ran, \u00e7e\u015fitli Kafkasya topluluklar\u0131, Slav, Yunan, Germen, Fin-Ugor ve eski Sibirya kavimleriyle kom\u015fu olarak ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f ve onlarla k\u00fclt\u00fcrel etkile\u015fimlerde bulunmu\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>2. T\u00dcRK D\u0130LLER\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u00fcrk dilleri ve T\u00fcrk \u015fiveleri geni\u015f bir alanda ana dil olarak yakla\u015f\u0131k 180 milyondan fazla ki\u015fi taraf\u0131ndan konu\u015fulmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u00fcrk dillerinin otuz ayr\u0131 dil veya leh\u00e7eden olu\u015ftu\u011fu bilinmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">En \u00e7ok konu\u015fulanlar\u0131 ise s\u0131ras\u0131yla T\u00fcrkiye T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi, Azerbaycan T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi, \u00d6zbek\u00e7e, Kazak\u00e7a, Uygurca, T\u00fcrkmence, Tatarca ve K\u0131rg\u0131zcad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>3. T\u00dcRK ADININ ANLAMI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u00fcrk topluluklar\u0131 ge\u00e7mi\u015fte Saka (\u0130skit), Hun, T\u00fcrk gibi farkl\u0131 isimlerle adland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00c7in kaynaklar\u0131nda T\u00fcrk ad\u0131yla ili\u015fkili oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclen Ti (eski okunu\u015fu Tiek) ad\u0131na rastlanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ayr\u0131ca bu kaynaklarda \u00c7in\u2019in kuzeybat\u0131s\u0131ndaki geni\u015f bozk\u0131rlarda konarg\u00f6\u00e7er olarak ya\u015fayan kavimler Ting-ling, Te-le olarak da adland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00c7inliler onlar\u0131 T\u00fcrklerin atalar\u0131 olarak tan\u0131mlar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Zerd\u00fc\u015ftilerin kutsal kitab\u0131 Avesta\u2019da konarg\u00f6\u00e7erlerin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00f6lge olarak ge\u00e7en Turan ve atl\u0131 sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131 Tur kavim adlar\u0131n\u0131n T\u00fcrk ad\u0131na kaynakl\u0131k etti\u011fine dair varsay\u0131mlar bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde genel olarak benimsenen g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f, T\u00fcrk ad\u0131n\u0131n ilk defa Erken Orta \u00c7a\u011f D\u00f6nemi\u2019nde g\u00f6r\u00fclmeye ba\u015fland\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczerinedir. VI- VIII. y\u00fczy\u0131llardan itibaren \u00c7in, Tibet, Hint, Bizans, \u0130ran ve Arap kaynaklar\u0131nda T\u00fcrk\u00e7e konu\u015fan ve boylar h\u00e2linde ya\u015fayan halklar\u0131n ismi T\u00fcrk olarak ge\u00e7er.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>T\u00dcRK ADI;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00c7in kaynaklar\u0131na g\u00f6re \u201cmi\u011ffer\u201d,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">K\u00e2\u015fgarl\u0131 Mahmut\u2019a g\u00f6re \u201colgunluk \u00e7a\u011f\u0131\u201d,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Arminius V\u00e1mb\u00e9ry\u2019ye (Armin Vamberi) g\u00f6re \u201ct\u00fcremek\u201d,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ziya G\u00f6kalp\u2019a g\u00f6re \u201ckanun ve nizam sahibi\u201d anlam\u0131na gelmektedir. &nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u00fcrk ad\u0131na \u00e7e\u015fitli anlamlar verilmesine ra\u011fmen \u201cg\u00fc\u00e7, kuvvet\u201d anlam\u0131na geldi\u011fi 1911\u2019de yay\u0131mlanan eski bir T\u00fcrk\u00e7e metinden anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u00fcrk ad\u0131, 552\u2019de ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ilan eden K\u00f6k T\u00fcrk Devleti ile resm\u00ee bir kimlik kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. (\u0130\u00e7inde T\u00fcrk ad\u0131 ge\u00e7en ilk devlet)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>T\u00dcRK\u0130YE NERES\u0130D\u0130R<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u00fcrklerin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yer, T\u00fcrk \u00fclkesi manas\u0131na gelen T\u00fcrkistan ve T\u00fcrkiye adlar\u0131 etnik, siyasi ve co\u011frafi terim olarak ilk defa VI. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Bizans kaynaklar\u0131nda Orta Asya ve civarlar\u0131 i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bizans kaynaklar\u0131, IX ve X. y\u00fczy\u0131llarda Volga\u2019dan Orta Avrupa\u2019ya kadar uzanan sahaya da T\u00fcrkiye ad\u0131n\u0131 vermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">XI-XIII. y\u00fczy\u0131llarda ise M\u0131s\u0131r ve Suriye\u2019ye T\u00fcrkiye denilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Anadolu XII. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan itibaren T\u00fcrkiye olarak tan\u0131nmaya ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>4. T\u00dcRK HALKLARI CO\u011eRAFYASI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde T\u00fcrk halklar\u0131 alt\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z cumhuriyette ya\u015famaktad\u0131rlar:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1. Azerbaycan<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">2. Kazakistan<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">3. K\u0131rg\u0131zistan<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4. \u00d6zbekistan<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">5. T\u00fcrkiye<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">6. T\u00fcrkmenistan<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u00d6ZERK CUMHUR\u0130YET VE B\u00d6LGELER\u0130N ESAS AHAL\u0130S\u0130N\u0130 T\u00dcRKLER\u0130N OLU\u015eTURDU\u011eU TOPLULUKLAR<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">I. Rusya Federasyonu d\u00e2hilinde:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1. Altay Cumhuriyeti<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">2. Ba\u015fkortostan Cumhuriyeti<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">3. \u00c7uva\u015fistan Cumhuriyeti<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4. Da\u011f\u0131stan Cumhuriyeti<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">5. Hakasya Cumhuriyeti<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">6. Kabardin-Balkar Cumhuriyeti<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">7. Kara\u00e7ay-\u00c7erkez Cumhuriyeti<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">8. Tataristan Cumhuriyeti<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">9. Tuva Cumhuriyeti<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">10. Saha (Yakutistan) Cumhuriyeti<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">II. \u00c7in Halk Cumhuriyeti s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131nda:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1. Sincan-Uygur \u00d6zerk B\u00f6lgesi<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">III. Moldovya Cumhuriyeti s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131nda:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1. Gagavuz-Yeri \u00d6zerk B\u00f6lgesi<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">IV. \u00d6zbekistan Cumhuriyeti s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131nda:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1. Karakalpakistan Cumhuriyeti<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u00fcrk halklar\u0131 co\u011frafyas\u0131 temel olarak a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da s\u0131ralanan tarih\u00ee-co\u011frafi b\u00f6lgelerden olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1) Orta Asya, 2) Sibirya, 3) \u0130dil-Yay\u0131k (Volga-Ural), 4) Kafkasya, 5) Karadeniz\u2019in kuzeyi, 6) Orta Do\u011fu, 7) T\u00fcrkiye ve Kuzey K\u0131br\u0131s, 8) Balkanlar, 9) Kuzey Afganistan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>5. T\u00dcRK HALKLARININ ATA YURDU<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Eski T\u00fcrklerin ilk ata yurtlar\u0131ndan biri Orta Asya\u2019d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Orta Asya; do\u011fuda Kingan Da\u011flar\u0131\u2019ndan (Do\u011fu Mo\u011folistan) bat\u0131da Hazar Denizi ve \u0130dil (Volga) havzalar\u0131na, g\u00fcneyde Hindiku\u015f (Kuzeydo\u011fu Afganistan) ve Karakorum Da\u011flar\u0131\u2019na (Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan\u2019\u0131n g\u00fcneyinden), kuzeyde Sibirya\u2019ya kadar uzan\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Karasal iklimin h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Orta Asya ve civar\u0131nda k\u0131\u015flar so\u011fuk, yazlar s\u0131cak ve kurakt\u0131r. Bununla beraber iklimi \u0131l\u0131ml\u0131 otlak, vadi ve vahalar bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>6. T\u00dcRK G\u00d6\u00c7LER\u0130N\u0130N SEBEPLER\u0130 VE SONU\u00c7LARI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u00fcrk halklar\u0131 zamanla Asya, Avrupa ve Afrika k\u0131talar\u0131na da yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ge\u00e7mi\u015fte ve g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde farkl\u0131 co\u011frafi b\u00f6lgelerdeki T\u00fcrk halklar\u0131n\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu tarih\u00ee ger\u00e7ekli\u011fe dayan\u0131r. T\u00fcrklerin ata yurttan ilk g\u00f6\u00e7lerinin M\u00d6 XV. y\u00fczy\u0131lda ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>7. ORTA ASYA\u2019NIN EN ESK\u0130 K\u00dcLT\u00dcRLER\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Anav k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn M\u00d6 IV. biny\u0131lda Orta Asya\u2019n\u0131n g\u00fcney bat\u0131s\u0131nda, Kuzey Horasan\u2019da (\u015fimdiki T\u00fcrkmenistan) yerle\u015fik hayat tarz\u0131 s\u00fcren tar\u0131mc\u0131 bir topluma ait oldu\u011fu bilinmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Afanasyevo k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc ad\u0131 verilen k\u00fclt\u00fcr, Altay ve Sayan da\u011flar\u0131n\u0131n kuzeybat\u0131s\u0131ndaki bozk\u0131rlarda geli\u015fmi\u015f olup M\u00d6 2500 ile M\u00d6 1700 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131n\u0131 kapsamaktad\u0131r. Burada ya\u015fayan toplumun avc\u0131l\u0131k ve hayvanc\u0131l\u0131kla u\u011fra\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131, ta\u015ftan ve bak\u0131rdan e\u015fyalar yapt\u0131klar\u0131 arkeolojik kaz\u0131lar sonucu ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Andronovo k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc Altay-Tanr\u0131 Da\u011flar\u0131, G\u00fcney Sibirya ve Hazar\u2019\u0131n kuzeydo\u011fusuna kadar uzanan b\u00f6lgede geli\u015fen k\u00fclt\u00fcr \u00e7evresidir. Bu k\u00fclt\u00fcrde bak\u0131r ara\u00e7lar\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra tun\u00e7, g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f ve alt\u0131ndan e\u015fyalara rastlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. E\u015fyalar\u0131n\u0131 hayvan fig\u00fcrleri ile s\u00fcsleyen bu toplum at\u0131 da evcille\u015ftirmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00c7ust k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc, M\u00d6 II. biny\u0131l sonu ve I. biny\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda Fergana Vadisi\u2019nde (g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz \u00d6zbekistan topraklar\u0131nda) varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. B\u00f6lgenin hem \u0130ranl\u0131 hem de T\u00fcrk k\u00f6kenli ahalisi, yerle\u015fik bir tar\u0131m k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcne sahipti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>8. \u00d6N T\u00dcRKLER: SAKALAR<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Do\u011fu kaynaklar\u0131nda Saka, Bat\u0131 kaynaklar\u0131nda \u0130skit olarak bilinen topluluk, Orta Asya ve civar\u0131ndaki topluluklar\u0131n ilk asker\u00ee-siyasi te\u015fkilat\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sakalar, Baykal G\u00f6l\u00fc\u2019nden Tuna Nehri boylar\u0131na kadar uzanan geni\u015f co\u011frafyada M\u00d6 VIII &#8211; MS III. Y\u00fczy\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda siyasi ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015flerdir. Bulunduklar\u0131 co\u011frafi sahan\u0131n \u00f6zelli\u011fine g\u00f6re yerle\u015fik veya konarg\u00f6\u00e7er h\u00e2lde ya\u015fam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sakalar \u00d6n Asya seferleri sayesinde Anadolu\u2019ya kadar uzanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kaynaklarda \u0130ran h\u00fck\u00fcmdarlar\u0131 Kirus ve Dari\u00fcs\u2019\u00fcn Sakalara kar\u015f\u0131 seferleri ve B\u00fcy\u00fck \u0130skender\u2019in \u0130ran seferi bahislerinde Sakalardan ve Sakalar\u0131n me\u015fhur kad\u0131n h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 Tomris\u2019ten s\u00f6z edilmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Onlar\u0131n \u00d6n Asya seferini yapan h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131n ad\u0131 \u015eehname\u2019ye g\u00f6re Afrasiyab, T\u00fcrk efsanelerine g\u00f6re ise Alp Er Tonga\u2019d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00c7in kaynaklar\u0131nda da Sakalar \u201cSai\u201d ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0130skitlerin Akadca \u0130\u015fguzai ad\u0131ndaki -guz-, -guzai- k\u00f6klerinin, o zamanki O\u011fuz ad\u0131n\u0131n arkaik s\u00f6yleyi\u015finin \u00e7ivi yaz\u0131s\u0131ndaki \u015fekli oldu\u011fu \u015f\u00fcphesizdir. Orta \u00c7a\u011f\u2019da, \u00f6rne\u011fin Bizans kaynaklar\u0131nda, \u0130slam dinini hen\u00fcz kabul etmemi\u015f olan T\u00fcrk halklar\u0131 \u0130skit \u015feklinde adland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sakalar\u0131n hayat tarz\u0131, giyim ku\u015famlar\u0131, madenleri kullanmadaki ba\u015far\u0131lar\u0131 \u00f6zellikle de at ko\u015fumlar\u0131 ve di\u011fer k\u00fclt\u00fcr unsurlar\u0131 \u0130slam \u00f6ncesi T\u00fcrkler ve Orta Asya\u2019daki tarih\u00ee topluluklarla benzerlik g\u00f6stermektedir. Bu y\u00fczden Sakalar\u0131n s\u00f6z konusu topluluklar\u0131n ilk atalar\u0131ndan biri oldu\u011funu ileri s\u00fcrmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>9. SAKALARIN SOSYAL, EKONOM\u0130K VE K\u00dcLT\u00dcREL HAYATI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Geni\u015f yaylalarda hayvanlar\u0131n\u0131 otlatarak hayat s\u00fcrd\u00fcren Sakalar at, inek, koyun ve deve beslemi\u015flerdir. Bu hayvanlar onlar\u0131n esas ge\u00e7im kayna\u011f\u0131 olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sakalar kendilerine ve hayvanlar\u0131na yetecek kadar bu\u011fday, arpa, dar\u0131 gibi tar\u0131m \u00fcr\u00fcnlerini ekmi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0130pek Yolu g\u00fczerg\u00e2hlar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n Sakalar\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 topraklardan ge\u00e7mesi onlar\u0131n uluslararas\u0131 ticarete \u00f6nemli katk\u0131da bulunmalar\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00c7in, Hindistan, \u0130ran ve Roma\u2019dan Saka \u00fclkelerine \u00e7e\u015fitli tar\u0131m \u00fcr\u00fcnleri ve s\u00fcs e\u015fyalar\u0131 ihra\u00e7 edilmi\u015f, Sakalar ise at ve koyunlar\u0131n\u0131 bu \u00fclkelere satm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Silah, giyim ku\u015fam, ev aletleri ve s\u00fcs e\u015fyalar\u0131, geyik, at, ko\u00e7, aslan gibi hayvan resimleri veya fig\u00fcrleriyle s\u00fcslenen sanat t\u00fcr\u00fc \u0130skit sanat\u0131 veya \u0130skit hayvan \u00fcslubu ad\u0131yla bilinir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kazakistan buluntular\u0131 aras\u0131nda Saka d\u00f6nemine ait soylu mezar\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan alt\u0131n elbise ayr\u0131 bir \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<div class=\"mh-excerpt\"><p>Bu yaz\u0131m\u0131zda g\u00fcncel m\u00fcfredata g\u00f6re haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u00a0Se\u00e7meli Ortak T\u00fcrk Tarihi\u00a0dersi 1. \u00fcnitesi olan\u00a0D\u00fcnya Tarihi \u00c7er\u00e7evesinde T\u00fcrk D\u00fcnyas\u0131\u00a0\u00fcnitesinin\u00a0\u00f6zet ders notlar\u0131n\u0131\u00a0payla\u015f\u0131yoruz. Ortak T\u00fcrk Tarihi kitab\u0131 \u00f6zet pdf\u00a0ders notlar\u0131 <a class=\"mh-excerpt-more\" href=\"https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/index.php\/2024\/10\/25\/i-bolum-dunya-tarihi-cercevesinde-turk-dunyasi\/\" title=\"I. B\u00f6l\u00fcm: D\u00fcnya Tarihi \u00c7er\u00e7evesinde T\u00fcrk D\u00fcnyas\u0131\">[&#8230;]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1381,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_regular_price":[],"currency_symbol":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[108],"tags":[112,6],"class_list":["post-1386","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ortak-turk-tarihi-ders-notlari","tag-ortak-turk-tarihi","tag-tarih-ders-notlari"],"post_slider_layout_featured_media_urls":{"thumbnail":["https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/ortak-turk-tarihi-150x150.png",150,150,true],"post_slider_layout_landscape_large":["https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/ortak-turk-tarihi-1200x720.png",1200,720,true],"post_slider_layout_portrait_large":["https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/ortak-turk-tarihi-1200x720.png",1200,720,true],"post_slider_layout_square_large":["https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/ortak-turk-tarihi-1200x720.png",1200,720,true],"post_slider_layout_landscape":["https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/ortak-turk-tarihi-600x400.png",600,400,true],"post_slider_layout_portrait":["https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/ortak-turk-tarihi-600x720.png",600,720,true],"post_slider_layout_square":["https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/ortak-turk-tarihi-600x600.png",600,600,true],"full":["https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/ortak-turk-tarihi.png",1280,720,false]},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>I. 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