{"id":1724,"date":"2024-11-04T21:15:06","date_gmt":"2024-11-04T18:15:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/?p=1724"},"modified":"2024-11-04T21:15:08","modified_gmt":"2024-11-04T18:15:08","slug":"turk-kultur-ve-medeniyet-tarihi-ii-unite-turklerde-toplum","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/index.php\/2024\/11\/04\/turk-kultur-ve-medeniyet-tarihi-ii-unite-turklerde-toplum\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u00fcrk K\u00fclt\u00fcr ve Medeniyet Tarihi II. \u00dcnite: T\u00fcrklerde Toplum"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bu yaz\u0131m\u0131zda g\u00fcncel m\u00fcfredata g\u00f6re haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u00a0<strong>Se\u00e7meli T\u00fcrk K\u00fclt\u00fcr ve Medeniyet Tarihi<\/strong>\u00a0dersi 2. \u00fcnitesi olan\u00a0<strong>T\u00fcrklerde Toplum<\/strong>\u00a0\u00fcnitesinin\u00a0<strong>\u00f6zet ders notlar\u0131n\u0131\u00a0<\/strong>payla\u015f\u0131yoruz. <strong>T\u00fcrk K\u00fclt\u00fcr ve Medeniyet Tarihi kitab\u0131 \u00f6zet pdf<\/strong>\u00a0ders notlar\u0131 sayesinde derslerde daha ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olacaks\u0131n\u0131z. G\u00fcncel tarih ders kitab\u0131na uygun olarak haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z <strong>T\u00fcrklerde Toplum<\/strong> \u00fcnitesi notlar\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki konular\u0131 kapsamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A) \u0130LK T\u00dcRK DEVLETLER\u0130NDE TOPLUMSAL YAPI<br>B) \u0130LK T\u00dcRK \u0130SLAM DEVLETLER\u0130NDE TOPLUMSAL YAPI<br>C) OSMANLI DEVLET\u0130\u2019NDE TOPLUMSAL YAPI<br>\u00c7) ME\u015eRUT\u0130YET VE CUMHUR\u0130YET D\u00d6NEM\u0130\u2019NDE TOPLUMSAL YAPI<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Se\u00e7meli T\u00fcrk K\u00fclt\u00fcr ve Medeniyet Tarihi II. \u00dcnite: T\u00fcrklerde Toplum<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Toplumsal Yap\u0131n\u0131n \u00d6zellikleri<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0130lk T\u00fcrk devletlerinin ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 co\u011frafyalarda karasal iklim h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u00e7in bu co\u011frafyalar insan ya\u015fam\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan zor b\u00f6lgelerdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Temel ge\u00e7im kaynaklar\u0131 hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k olan ilk T\u00fcrk toplumlar\u0131, bu zor co\u011frafya ko\u015fullar\u0131 y\u00fcz\u00fcnden konarg\u00f6\u00e7er hayat tarz\u0131n\u0131 benimsemi\u015flerdir. Yerle\u015fik hayata ilk Uygurlar ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bu ya\u015fam \u015fekli T\u00fcrklerin te\u015fkil\u00e2t\u00e7\u0131 ve m\u00fccadeleci olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0130lk T\u00fcrk toplumlar\u0131nda s\u0131n\u0131fsal bir tabakala\u015fma olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u00fcrklerde toplum yap\u0131s\u0131:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>ogu\u015f<\/strong> (aile)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>urug <\/strong>(aileler birli\u011fi)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>boy<\/strong> (kabile)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>budun<\/strong> (millet, halk) ve<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>il <\/strong>(devlet) den olu\u015fmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Ogu\u015f (Aile)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0130lk T\u00fcrk toplumlar\u0131nda aile devletin temeli olarak kabul edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Aile reisi olan baban\u0131n y\u00f6neticilik, koruyuculuk ve merhametli davranma gibi \u00f6zellikleri devletle \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015ftirilerek devlete devlet baba denilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u00fcrklerde babaya ata, kang; anneye ana, \u00f6g diye hitap edilirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ailenin her t\u00fcrl\u00fc faaliyetlerinde i\u015f b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne gidilir; anne, ailede babadan hemen sonra gelirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Erkek evlatlar\u0131n yeti\u015fmesinde baba, k\u0131z evlatlar\u0131n yeti\u015fmesinde de anne \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kad\u0131nlar sadece ev i\u015fleriyle u\u011fra\u015fmaz, ailenin b\u00fct\u00fcn faaliyetlerine kat\u0131l\u0131rlard\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u00fcrklerde erkek \u00e7ocuk, \u201cOca\u011f\u0131 t\u00fctt\u00fcrecek ki\u015fi\u201d olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcrd\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Evlilik<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Evlenecek k\u0131za, kelin (gelin), o\u011flana ise k\u00fcdeg\u00fc (g\u00fcvey) denilirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u00fcrklerde tek e\u015flilik esast\u0131 ve genellikle akraba d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda biriyle evlilik tercih edilirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Evlenmede k\u0131z ile o\u011flan anla\u015fm\u0131\u015f olsalar bile, arkucu veya sav\u00e7\u0131 denen arac\u0131lar\u0131n iki taraf\u0131 da ikna etmesinden sonra aile k\u0131z\u0131 isterdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Evlenmede k\u0131z\u0131n r\u0131zas\u0131 al\u0131n\u0131rd\u0131. Bu r\u0131za sembolik olarak k\u0131z\u0131n mendil vermesinden anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">K\u0131z\u0131n r\u0131zas\u0131 al\u0131nd\u0131ktan sonra, kal\u0131n antla\u015fmas\u0131 ve s\u00f6z kesimi hediyeleri ile birlikte ni\u015fan ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015f olurdu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Gelin, baba evinden \u00e7\u0131karken en g\u00fczel giysisini (gelinlik) giyer, gelin ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 takard\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ayr\u0131ca gelinin y\u00fcz\u00fcne didek (duvak) \u00f6rt\u00fcl\u00fcrd\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Gelin evden ayr\u0131l\u0131rken baba oca\u011f\u0131na sayg\u0131 g\u00f6sterir, gelin indirmede sa\u00e7\u0131 gelene\u011fi uygulan\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bu gelenekte gelinin at\u0131n\u0131n kuyru\u011funa ve yelesine k\u0131m\u0131z serpilir, ba\u015f\u0131na da bu\u011fday, dar\u0131 ve para sa\u00e7\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Din ve \u0130nan\u0131\u015f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u00fcrklerin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 co\u011frafya ve o b\u00f6lgenin \u00f6zelliklerinden kaynaklanan a\u011f\u0131r hayat \u015fartlar\u0131, T\u00fcrklerin inan\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n \u015fekillenmesinde de etkili olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ya\u011fmur, kar, f\u0131rt\u0131na ve \u015fim\u015fek gibi do\u011fa olaylar\u0131, T\u00fcrkleri ister istemez hayatlar\u0131n\u0131 etkileyen kudretin kayna\u011f\u0131na y\u00f6neltmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u00fcrkler \u00f6len ki\u015filer veya atalar\u0131 i\u00e7in kurban kesiyorlard\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0130nan\u0131\u015fa g\u00f6re atalar\u0131n\u0131n ruhlar\u0131 onlar\u0131 her t\u00fcrl\u00fc k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fckten koruyordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">G\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcn hayatlar\u0131nda belirleyici bir rol oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 fark eden T\u00fcrkler, G\u00f6k Tanr\u0131 inanc\u0131na y\u00f6nelmi\u015f, bu inan\u00e7ta hem maddi bir g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcnden hem de y\u00fcce bir yarat\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan s\u00f6z etmi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u00fcrklerde ilk zamanlarda bile tek Tanr\u0131 inanc\u0131 h\u00e2kim olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u00fcrkler Tanr\u0131\u2019y\u0131 e\u015fi benzeri olmayan ve insanlara h\u00fckmeden y\u00fcce bir varl\u0131k olarak g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015flerdir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc T\u00fcrkler i\u00e7in Tanr\u0131, ayn\u0131 zamanda siyasi iktidar\u0131n da me\u015frutiyet kayna\u011f\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">G\u00f6k Tanr\u0131 inanc\u0131nda din adamlar\u0131 diye ayr\u0131 bir s\u0131n\u0131f yoktu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Yaln\u0131z mistik g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin oldu\u011funa inan\u0131lan ve ad\u0131na kam denilen bilge insanlar vard\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0130lk T\u00fcrk toplumunda can ve ruh kavram\u0131 tin s\u00f6z\u00fcyle ifade edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00d6len ki\u015fi iyi biriyse u\u00e7ma\u011f\u2019a (cennet) gitti\u011fine, k\u00f6t\u00fc biriyse tamu\u011f\u2019a (cehennem) gitti\u011fine inan\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u00fcrklerde cenaze t\u00f6renlerine yu\u011f denilirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u00fcrkler ahiret inanc\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 mezarlara \u00f6len ki\u015fi e\u015fyalar\u0131yla g\u00f6m\u00fcl\u00fcyordu. Bu mezarlara kurgan denilirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00d6len bir T\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn mezar\u0131na \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc d\u00fc\u015fman adedince heykel yap\u0131l\u0131p dikilirdi. Bu heykellere balbal denirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Beslenme<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Eski T\u00fcrkler hayvan eti, bitkiler ve tar\u0131m \u00fcr\u00fcnleriyle beslenir, en \u00e7ok da et t\u00fcketirlerdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bu yiyeceklerle birlikte s\u00fctl\u00fc dar\u0131, peynir, yo\u011furt, ya\u011f vb. yemekler, konarg\u00f6\u00e7er hayat\u0131n vazge\u00e7ilmez yiyecekleri aras\u0131nda yer al\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u00fcrkler \u00fcz\u00fcm\u00fc \u00e7ok sever, borluk ad\u0131n\u0131 verdikleri bah\u00e7elerde \u00fcz\u00fcm yeti\u015ftirirlerdi. \u0130\u00e7ecek olarak da k\u0131m\u0131z (k\u0131srak s\u00fct\u00fc) tercih edilirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Giyim<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0130lk T\u00fcrklerde elbiseye, ton (don) denilirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Konarg\u00f6\u00e7er hayatta giyim e\u015fyalar\u0131 genellikle kuzu, koyun, s\u0131\u011f\u0131r ve tilki derisinden yap\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Ke\u00e7i ve deve y\u00fcn\u00fcnden de yararlan\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u00fcrkler ayr\u0131ca bez dokur, giyecek i\u00e7in kendir yeti\u015ftirir, y\u00fcnl\u00fc kuma\u015f ve ke\u00e7eden giyecek yaparlard\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Konarg\u00f6\u00e7er ya\u015famda pantolon ve ceket \u00f6nemli giysilerdendi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u00fcrkler ayaklar\u0131na deriden yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u00e7izme veya \u00e7aruk (\u00e7ar\u0131k) giyer, ba\u015flar\u0131na b\u00f6rk denilen \u015fapka takarlard\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0130LK T\u00dcRK \u0130SLAM DEVLETLER\u0130NDE TOPLUM<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Toplumsal Yap\u0131n\u0131n \u00d6zellikleri<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0130lk T\u00fcrk \u0130slam devletlerinde toplum \u0130slamiyet\u2019in etkisiyle yeniden \u015fekillenmi\u015f, bu d\u00f6nemde \u015fehir hayat\u0131 yayg\u0131nla\u015fm\u0131\u015f, giyim ve ku\u015famda pek de\u011fi\u015fiklik olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u00fcrklerin b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131 yerle\u015fik hayata ge\u00e7mi\u015f, bunun sonucunda tar\u0131msal faaliyetler \u00e7e\u015fitlenerek artm\u0131\u015f ve \u00f6nem kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0130slamiyet \u00f6ncesi T\u00fcrk toplumunda g\u00fcndelik ya\u015fam\u0131n i\u015fleyi\u015fini t\u00f6re belirlerken, \u0130slamiyet\u2019in etkisiyle t\u00f6re kurallar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131nda \u0130slami gelenek ve g\u00f6renekler de etkili olmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0130lk T\u00fcrk Devletlerinde oldu\u011fu gibi T\u00fcrk \u0130slam devletlerinde de bir sosyal tabakala\u015fma g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0130lk T\u00fcrk \u0130slam Devletlerinde boy te\u015fkilatlanmas\u0131 devam etmi\u015f, ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f \u015fekillerine g\u00f6re halk;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u015fehirliler,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">k\u00f6yl\u00fcler ve<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">g\u00f6\u00e7ebeler olarak \u00e7e\u015fitli gruplara ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Aile<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u00fcrk \u0130slam toplumunda, \u0130slamiyet \u00f6ncesi T\u00fcrk toplumlar\u0131nda oldu\u011fu gibi peder\u015fahi (ataerkil) aile yap\u0131s\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ailenin \u00f6nemi ilk T\u00fcrklerde oldu\u011fu gibi devam etmi\u015f, kad\u0131na b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem verilmi\u015f, kad\u0131nlar gerek toplumsal hayatta ve gerekse devlet i\u015flerinde \u00f6nemli g\u00f6revler \u00fcstlenmi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u00fcrk \u0130slam devletlerinde babalar i\u00e7in ata, anneler i\u00e7in de ana kelimeleri kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u00fcrk \u0130slam toplumunda \u00e7ok e\u015fle evlilik yayg\u0131n de\u011fildi ve kad\u0131n, e\u015fiyle ayn\u0131 haklara sahipti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Giyim<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u00fcrklerin M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olmadan \u00f6nceki giyim tarzlar\u0131 ile M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olduktan sonraki giyim tarzlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck bir de\u011fi\u015fiklik olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u00fcrk giyim e\u015fyalar\u0131 aras\u0131nda b\u00f6rk, kaftan, h\u0131rka, g\u00f6mlek, \u015falvar ve \u00e7izme vard\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u00fcrkler, k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 ve ye\u015fil a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 renkleri tercih ederler, kuma\u015f olarak da pamuk, y\u00fcn, ipek ve k\u00fcrk kullan\u0131rlard\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kad\u0131nlar bol elbiseleri, erkekler ise v\u00fccuda yap\u0131\u015f\u0131k dar k\u0131yafetleri tercih ederler, ba\u015flar\u0131na da \u00e7ene alt\u0131ndan ba\u011flanan k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 bir b\u00f6rk giyerlerdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u00fcrklerin giyim ku\u015fam k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcnde tak\u0131lar\u0131n \u00f6nemli bir yeri vard\u0131. T\u00fcrk kad\u0131nlar\u0131 inci, g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f ve alt\u0131n k\u00fcpeler ile gerdanl\u0131k, bilezik ve y\u00fcz\u00fck gibi tak\u0131lar\u0131 kullanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Sosyal Hayat<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u00fcrk \u0130slam devletlerinin g\u00fcndelik hayatlar\u0131nda e\u011flence ve spora da yer verilir, din\u00ee bayramlarda, festivallerde ve \u00f6zel g\u00fcnlerde e\u011flence ve ziyafetler d\u00fczenlenirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u00fcrk \u0130slam devletleri, fethettikleri topraklarda ya\u015fayan yerel halk\u0131n hayat tarz\u0131na m\u00fcdahalede bulunmam\u0131\u015f, topraklar\u0131 \u00fcst\u00fcndeki b\u00fct\u00fcn unsurlara e\u015fit \u015fekilde davranm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Karahanl\u0131lar \u0130slam dinini kabul ettikten sonra bu devleti kuran ailenin k\u0131zlar\u0131 terken unvan\u0131n\u0131 kullanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Terkenlerin kendi g\u00f6revlileri, ordusu ve divanlar\u0131 vard\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u00fcrkiye Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131\u2019nda bir kad\u0131n \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmesi olarak Bac\u0131yan-\u0131 Rum ad\u0131 verilen te\u015fkilat g\u00f6ze \u00e7arpar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kad\u0131nlar\u0131n \u00fcretimde ve sosyal ya\u015famda \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmesini sa\u011flayan bu te\u015fkilat\u0131n kurucusu, Ahili\u011fin kurucusu Ahi Evran\u2019\u0131n e\u015fi Fatma Bac\u0131\u2019d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>OSMANLI DEVLET\u0130\u2019NDE TOPLUM<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Toplumsal Yap\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nde toplum, \u00f6nceki T\u00fcrk devletlerinde oldu\u011fu gibi y\u00f6netenler ve y\u00f6netilenler olmak \u00fczere iki k\u0131s\u0131mdan olu\u015fmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bu ayr\u0131m da g\u00f6rev da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131ndan kaynaklanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Osmanl\u0131 Devleti toplum i\u00e7erisindeki farkl\u0131l\u0131klara sayg\u0131 g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi i\u00e7in Osmanl\u0131\u2019da sosyal s\u0131n\u0131f ayr\u0131m\u0131 ve tabakala\u015fma meydana gelmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Burada ya\u015fayan farkl\u0131 topluluklar\u0131n siyasal ve sosyal konumlar\u0131, kendi din ve mezhep esaslar\u0131na g\u00f6re \u015fekillenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Farkl\u0131 inan\u00e7taki insanlar\u0131n kendi inan\u00e7lar\u0131 do\u011frultusunda ya\u015famalar\u0131na imk\u00e2n sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015f, uygulanan bu sisteme de millet sistemi denilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Osmanl\u0131 Devleti, fethetti\u011fi co\u011frafyalarda isk\u00e2n (yerle\u015ftirme) ve istim\u00e2let (ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fc) siyaseti uygulayarak o b\u00f6lgelerin \u0130slamla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 ve T\u00fcrkle\u015fmesini sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Y\u00f6netilenler<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u015eehirliler: Sanat, zanaat ve ticaretle u\u011fra\u015fan kesim.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">K\u00f6yl\u00fcler: Tar\u0131m ve hayvanc\u0131l\u0131kla u\u011fra\u015fan kesim. (N\u00fcfusun \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funu olu\u015ftururlard\u0131.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Konarg\u00f6\u00e7erler: Hayvanc\u0131l\u0131kla u\u011fra\u015fan kesim.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Y\u00f6netenler<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Padi\u015fah ve Saray Halk\u0131: Padi\u015fah\u0131n ailesi ve devletin ileri gelenlerinden olu\u015fan kesim.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 Ehli (Seyfiye): Asker\u00ee s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 olu\u015fturan kesim.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kalem Ehli (Kalemiye): Devletin b\u00fcrokratik i\u015fleriyle u\u011fra\u015fan memur kesim.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0130lim Ehli (\u0130lmiye): Din, hukuk ve e\u011fitim i\u015fleri ile u\u011fra\u015fan kesim.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Vak\u0131f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Osmanl\u0131 halk\u0131, ihtiyac\u0131 olan insanlara kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131z olarak yard\u0131m etmi\u015f, hayvanlar\u0131n bile a\u00e7 kalmamas\u0131 i\u00e7in vak\u0131flar kurmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Do\u011frudan hizmet sunan vak\u0131f bina ve kurumlar\u0131na hayrat, bu kurumlar\u0131n ebed\u00ee olarak ya\u015famas\u0131 ve topluma hizmet sunabilmesi i\u00e7in vakfedilen gelir kaynaklar\u0131na da akarat denilirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Vak\u0131flar taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131m\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen cami, mescit, d\u00e2r\u00fc\u015f\u015fifa (hastane), medrese, mektep, zaviye, imaret, sebil, \u00e7e\u015fme, hamam ve han gibi yap\u0131lar ile bu yap\u0131lar toplulu\u011funun tamam\u0131ndan olu\u015fan k\u00fclliyeler kurularak bir b\u00f6lgenin fiziki ve sosyal alt yap\u0131s\u0131 tamamlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Vakf\u0131n i\u015fleyi\u015fi \u015fer\u00ee hukuk kurullar\u0131na g\u00f6re d\u00fczenlenir ve vak\u0131f idareleri devlet taraf\u0131ndan tefti\u015f edilirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Vak\u0131flar\u0131 kad\u0131lar tefti\u015f eder, bu yetkiye de nezaret denilirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Vak\u0131f hukukuna g\u00f6re bir ki\u015fi vak\u0131f eser i\u00e7in harcad\u0131\u011f\u0131 paray\u0131 geri alamaz ve ba\u011f\u0131\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 mal \u00fczerinde m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131 iddia edemezdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Vak\u0131f mal\u0131 sat\u0131lamaz ve miras b\u0131rak\u0131lamazd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Hastaneler<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B\u00eemaristan, \u0130slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda klasik hastanelerin genel ad\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Osmanl\u0131larda hastaneler i\u00e7in daha \u00e7ok dar\u00fcss\u0131hha, \u015fifahane, bimarhane, t\u0131marhane ve d\u00e2r\u00fc\u015f\u015fifa (\u015fifa bulunan yer) kelimeleri kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f b\u00eemaristanlarda di\u011fer hastalarla birlikte ak\u0131l hastalar\u0131 da tedavi edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0130lk modern sivil Osmanl\u0131 hastanesi Sultan Abd\u00fclmecit\u2019in annesi Bezmi \u00c2lem Valide Sultan taraf\u0131ndan 1843 y\u0131l\u0131nda yapt\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1899\u2019da da ilk modern \u00e7ocuk hastanesi olarak Hamidiye (\u015ei\u015fli) Etfal Hastanesi a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0130marethane<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Toplum yarar\u0131na yap\u0131m\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen kurulu\u015flardan bir di\u011feri de imarethanelerdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0130marethaneler, Osmanl\u0131\u2019da fakirlere ve medrese talebelerine s\u0131cak yiyecek da\u011f\u0131tmak amac\u0131yla yap\u0131lan hay\u0131r kurumlar\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bu imarethanelerde \u015fehirdeki fakirlerin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra misafirler de \u00fccretsiz olarak yemek yiyebiliyorlard\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Sosyal Hayat<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0130lk T\u00fcrkler gibi misafirperver olan Osmanl\u0131lar yard\u0131mla\u015fmaya \u00f6nem vermi\u015fler, bunun sonucu olarak da Osmanl\u0131lardaki kom\u015fuluk ili\u015fkileri geli\u015fmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Osmanl\u0131 D\u00f6nemi\u2019nde din\u00ee bayramlar, geleneksel \u015fenlikler ve Amin Alay\u0131 gibi \u00f6zel g\u00fcnler, mahalle hayat\u0131n\u0131n dura\u011fanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na hareketlilik getirmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00c7ocuklar\u0131n okula ba\u015flad\u0131klar\u0131 g\u00fcn yap\u0131lan t\u00f6rene Amin Alay\u0131 denmi\u015f, bu t\u00f6rende mahallenin hocas\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan dualar okunmu\u015f ve davetlilere ikramlarda bulunulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Tanzimat Sonras\u0131 Osmanl\u0131 Toplumu<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tanzimat D\u00f6nemi\u2019nde, b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fehirlerde ya\u015fayan Osmanl\u0131 halk\u0131 aras\u0131nda Bat\u0131l\u0131 ya\u015fam tarz\u0131n\u0131n etkileri g\u00f6r\u00fclmeye ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015f, bu d\u00f6nemde eski k\u00fclt\u00fcr ile yeni k\u00fclt\u00fcr aras\u0131nda \u00e2deta gelgitler ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0130stanbul gibi b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fehirlerde insanlar geleneksel \u00e7izgilerinden uzakla\u015f\u0131p ma\u011faza, kafeterya, pastane, restoran, otel ve apartman hayat\u0131yla tan\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ya\u015fanan bu t\u00fcketim zevki ve sefas\u0131yla bamba\u015fka bir insan ve toplum modeli ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">K\u0131yafetteki de\u011fi\u015fim \u00f6nce sarayda ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f, sonra maddi durumu yerinde olan aileleri ve en sonunda da halk\u0131 etkilemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Osmanl\u0131 toplumunun bir k\u0131sm\u0131 Avrupa mutfa\u011f\u0131ndan etkilenmi\u015f, Tanzimat\u2019tan sonra yer sofras\u0131n\u0131 terk ederek masada yemek yemeye, ka\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n yan\u0131nda \u00e7atal ve b\u0131\u00e7ak kullanmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pilav, pelte, \u00e7orba, b\u00f6rek ve tatl\u0131 gibi temel yemeklerin s\u0131radan tabaklar\u0131 olan k\u00e2se ve sahan\u0131n yan\u0131nda bal\u0131k, salata ve patates gibi yemekler i\u00e7in ayr\u0131 alafranga (Avrupai) tabaklar al\u0131nmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tanzimat D\u00f6nemi\u2019nden sonra Osmanl\u0131 mutfa\u011f\u0131na soslar, et sular\u0131, rozbif, biftek, baz\u0131 et yemekleri, bisk\u00fcviler, tartlar, pastalar, garnit\u00fcrler ve konserveler eklenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Dar\u00fc\u015f\u015fafaka<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1863\u2019te \u015eefkat Yuvas\u0131 ad\u0131yla Abd\u00fclaziz D\u00f6nemi\u2019nde a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Maddi durumu k\u00f6t\u00fc ve yetim \u00e7ocuklar e\u011fitim g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Okul 1873\u2019 ten itibaren eleme y\u00f6ntemi ile \u00f6\u011frenci almaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>D\u00e2r\u00fcleytam<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">D\u00e2r\u00fcleytam, Balkan Sava\u015flar\u0131 ve I. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131nda kimsesiz kalan \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 bar\u0131nd\u0131rmak ve onlar\u0131 meslek sahibi yapmak amac\u0131yla 1914 y\u0131l\u0131nda kurulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>ME\u015eRUT\u0130YET VE CUMHUR\u0130YET D\u00d6NEMLER\u0130NDE TOPLUM<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Toplumsal Yap\u0131daki De\u011fi\u015fim<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Osmanl\u0131 toplumu, M\u00fcsl\u00fcman ve gayrim\u00fcslimlerden olu\u015fuyordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;Gayrim\u00fcslimler, Tanzimat D\u00f6nemi\u2019nde elde ettikleri haklar\u0131 Me\u015frutiyet D\u00f6nemi\u2019nde de korumu\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Me\u015frutiyet D\u00f6nemi\u2019nde kabul edilen Kanun-i Esasi ile, Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nde ya\u015fayan b\u00fct\u00fcn unsurlar fark g\u00f6zetmeksizin Osmanl\u0131 olarak ifade edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nde Tanzimat\u2019la birlikte ba\u015flayan kad\u0131n erkek e\u015fitli\u011fi konusundaki tart\u0131\u015fmalar, Me\u015frutiyet D\u00f6nemi\u2019nde de devam etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cevdet Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n k\u0131z\u0131 Aliye Han\u0131m, kad\u0131n konusunu i\u015fledi\u011fi Nisvan\u0131 \u0130slam (\u0130slam kad\u0131n\u0131) adl\u0131 eserinde, d\u00f6neme ait \u00f6nemli bilgiler vermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cumhuriyet D\u00f6nemi\u2019nde \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan Meden\u00ee Kanun ile kad\u0131n erkek e\u015fitli\u011fi konusunda \u00f6nemli bir ad\u0131m at\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u00fcrklerde ilk anayasal s\u00fcre\u00e7 1876 y\u0131l\u0131nda ilan edilen Kanun-i Esasi ile ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Daha sonra yeni T\u00fcrk Devleti\u2019nin anayasas\u0131 olan 1921 Anayasas\u0131 kabul edilmi\u015f ve nihayet Cumhuriyet\u2019in ilan\u0131ndan sonra 1924 Anayasas\u0131 ile bu s\u00fcre\u00e7 devam etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>T\u00fcrk kad\u0131n\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1930 y\u0131l\u0131nda belediye se\u00e7imlerine,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1933 y\u0131l\u0131nda muhtarl\u0131k se\u00e7imlerine,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1934 y\u0131l\u0131nda ise milletvekilli\u011fi se\u00e7imlerine kat\u0131lma hakk\u0131n\u0131 elde etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0130lk kad\u0131n milletvekilimiz Sat\u0131 Kad\u0131n olup 1935 \u20131939 yasama d\u00f6neminde TBMM\u2019ye on be\u015f kad\u0131n milletvekili girmeyi ba\u015farm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Hil\u00e2l-i Ahmer\u2019den T\u00fcrk K\u0131z\u0131lay\u0131\u2019na<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1868 tarihinde \u201cOsmanl\u0131 Yaral\u0131 ve Hasta Askerlere Yard\u0131m Cemiyeti\u201d ismiyle kurulan bu topluluk, 1877 y\u0131l\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131 Hil\u00e2l-i Ahmer ad\u0131n\u0131 alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1923 y\u0131l\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye Hilal-i Ahmer Cemiyeti, son olarak da 1935 tarihinde T\u00fcrkiye K\u0131z\u0131lay Cemiyeti ismini alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trablusgarp Sava\u015f\u0131, Balkan Sava\u015flar\u0131, I. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 ve \u0130stikl\u00e2l Sava\u015f\u0131 d\u00f6neminde \u00f6nemli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda bulunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>T\u00fcrklerde Anayasal Hareketler<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u00fcrklerde ilk anayasal s\u00fcre\u00e7 1876 y\u0131l\u0131nda ilan edilen Kanun-i Esasi ile ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1921 Anayasas\u0131 (Te\u015fkilat-\u0131 Esasiye) ve Cumhuriyet\u2019in ilan\u0131ndan sonra 1924 Anayasas\u0131 ile bu s\u00fcre\u00e7 devam etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bu \u00fc\u00e7 anayasayla M\u00fcsl\u00fcman ve gayrim\u00fcslim b\u00fct\u00fcn vatanda\u015flar\u0131n haklar\u0131 anayasal g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<div class=\"mh-excerpt\"><p>Bu yaz\u0131m\u0131zda g\u00fcncel m\u00fcfredata g\u00f6re haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u00a0Se\u00e7meli T\u00fcrk K\u00fclt\u00fcr ve Medeniyet Tarihi\u00a0dersi 2. \u00fcnitesi olan\u00a0T\u00fcrklerde Toplum\u00a0\u00fcnitesinin\u00a0\u00f6zet ders notlar\u0131n\u0131\u00a0payla\u015f\u0131yoruz. T\u00fcrk K\u00fclt\u00fcr ve Medeniyet Tarihi kitab\u0131 \u00f6zet pdf\u00a0ders <a class=\"mh-excerpt-more\" href=\"https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/index.php\/2024\/11\/04\/turk-kultur-ve-medeniyet-tarihi-ii-unite-turklerde-toplum\/\" title=\"T\u00fcrk K\u00fclt\u00fcr ve Medeniyet Tarihi II. \u00dcnite: T\u00fcrklerde Toplum\">[&#8230;]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1382,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_regular_price":[],"currency_symbol":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[101],"tags":[6,98],"class_list":["post-1724","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-turk-kultur-ve-medeniyet-tarihi-ders-notlari","tag-tarih-ders-notlari","tag-turk-kultur-ve-medeniyet-tarihi"],"post_slider_layout_featured_media_urls":{"thumbnail":["https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/turk-kultur-ve-medeniyet-tarihi-150x150.png",150,150,true],"post_slider_layout_landscape_large":["https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/turk-kultur-ve-medeniyet-tarihi-1200x720.png",1200,720,true],"post_slider_layout_portrait_large":["https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/turk-kultur-ve-medeniyet-tarihi-1200x720.png",1200,720,true],"post_slider_layout_square_large":["https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/turk-kultur-ve-medeniyet-tarihi-1200x720.png",1200,720,true],"post_slider_layout_landscape":["https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/turk-kultur-ve-medeniyet-tarihi-600x400.png",600,400,true],"post_slider_layout_portrait":["https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/turk-kultur-ve-medeniyet-tarihi-600x720.png",600,720,true],"post_slider_layout_square":["https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/turk-kultur-ve-medeniyet-tarihi-600x600.png",600,600,true],"full":["https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/turk-kultur-ve-medeniyet-tarihi.png",1280,720,false]},"yoast_head":"<!-- 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