{"id":1794,"date":"2024-11-09T22:26:01","date_gmt":"2024-11-09T19:26:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/?p=1794"},"modified":"2024-11-09T22:26:03","modified_gmt":"2024-11-09T19:26:03","slug":"9-sinif-tarih-kitabi-3-unite-olcme-degerlendirme-sorulari-sayfa-246-253","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/index.php\/2024\/11\/09\/9-sinif-tarih-kitabi-3-unite-olcme-degerlendirme-sorulari-sayfa-246-253\/","title":{"rendered":"9. S\u0131n\u0131f Tarih Kitab\u0131 3. \u00dcnite \u00d6l\u00e7me De\u011ferlendirme Sorular\u0131 (Sayfa 246-253)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Bu sayfada sizlerle\u00a0T\u00fcrkiye Y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131 Maarif Modeline<\/strong>\u00a0g\u00f6re haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z g\u00fcncel\u00a09. S\u0131n\u0131f Tarih Ders Kitab\u0131 Cevaplar\u0131n\u0131<\/strong>\u00a0(2024-2025) payla\u015f\u0131yoruz.\u00a09. s\u0131n\u0131f tarih ders ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma kitab\u0131\u00a0<\/strong>cevaplar\u0131 konulara ve sayfa numaralar\u0131na g\u00f6re s\u0131ralanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tarih dersi 9. s\u0131n\u0131f ders kitab\u0131 etkinlik cevaplar\u0131 kapsam\u0131:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dcnite: 9. S\u0131n\u0131f tarih Dersi 3. \u00dcnite Orta \u00c7a\u011f Medeniyetleri ders kitab\u0131 cevaplar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Konu:\u00a03. \u00dcnite \u00d6l\u00e7me De\u011ferlendirme Sorular\u0131 ders kitab\u0131 cevaplar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sayfa Aral\u0131\u011f\u0131:\u00a0246, 247, 248, 249, 250, 251, 252 ve 253. sayfalar\u0131n 9. s\u0131n\u0131f tarih dersi kitab\u0131 cevaplar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

9. S\u0131n\u0131f Tarih Kitab\u0131 3. \u00dcnite \u00d6l\u00e7me De\u011ferlendirme Sorular\u0131 ve Cevaplar\u0131<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

1. Etkilenen Toplumlar ve B\u00f6lgeler<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hunlar: G\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcn ba\u015fl\u0131ca akt\u00f6r\u00fc olan Hunlar, Ural Da\u011flar\u0131’ndan ba\u015flayarak Avrupa’n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131na yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Bu yay\u0131lma s\u00fcrecinde bir\u00e7ok germen kabilesini de beraberlerinde s\u00fcr\u00fckleyerek Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu’na b\u00fcy\u00fck bask\u0131 uygulam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Germen Kabileleri: Gotlar (Vizigotlar ve Ostrogotlar), Vandallar, Burgundlar, Franklar, Saksonlar gibi Germen kabileleri, Hunlar\u0131n bask\u0131s\u0131 ve Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu’nun zay\u0131flamas\u0131yla birlikte g\u00f6\u00e7 hareketlerine kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015flar ve Avrupa’n\u0131n farkl\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerine yerle\u015fmi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu: \u0130mparatorluk do\u011fu ve bat\u0131 olmak \u00fczere ikiye ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bat\u0131 Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu, Hunlar\u0131n bask\u0131s\u0131 ve Germen kabilelerinin istilas\u0131 sonucu y\u0131k\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Do\u011fu Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu ise daha uzun s\u00fcre ayakta kalabilmi\u015f ancak s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 koruyabilmek i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck m\u00fccadeleler vermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sasaniler: Do\u011fu’da ise Sasaniler Do\u011fu Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu ile olan m\u00fccadele ederek Anadolu\u2019daki topraklar\u0131n\u0131 geni\u015fletmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. Sorunun Cevab\u0131: B) A\u011f\u0131r iklim ko\u015fullar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Metinde a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belirtildi\u011fi \u00fczere, Orta Asya’daki a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131klar, kurakl\u0131klar, \u015fiddetli so\u011fuklar ve salg\u0131n hastal\u0131klar gibi a\u011f\u0131r iklim ko\u015fullar\u0131, T\u00fcrklerin g\u00f6\u00e7 etmesine neden olan ba\u015fl\u0131ca fakt\u00f6rlerden biridir. Bu ko\u015fullar, tar\u0131m\u0131 ve hayvanc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 olumsuz etkileyerek insanlar\u0131n ya\u015famlar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmelerini zorla\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. Sorunun Cevab\u0131:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcrkistan’da ya\u015fanan zorlu iklim ko\u015fullar\u0131, do\u011frudan ekonomik hayat\u0131 etkilemi\u015ftir. Bu etkileri \u015fu \u015fekilde s\u0131ralayabiliriz:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tar\u0131m ve hayvanc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n olumsuz etkilenmesi: A\u015f\u0131r\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131k, kurakl\u0131k ve so\u011fuklar, tar\u0131m \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinin yeti\u015fmesini zorla\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015f, hayvanlar\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne neden olarak besin kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 azaltm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ekonomik kay\u0131plar: Tar\u0131m ve hayvanc\u0131l\u0131ktaki d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f, T\u00fcrklerin ekonomik olarak zay\u0131flamas\u0131na ve ya\u015fam standartlar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fmesine yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u00f6\u00e7 ihtiyac\u0131: Ekonomik zorluklar, yeni meralar ve su kaynaklar\u0131na ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in g\u00f6\u00e7 etmeye zorunlu k\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yeni ekonomik d\u00fczenlerin olu\u015fmas\u0131: G\u00f6\u00e7 eden T\u00fcrkler, yeni yerle\u015ftikleri b\u00f6lgelerde farkl\u0131 ekonomik faaliyetlere y\u00f6nelerek yeni ekonomik d\u00fczenler olu\u015fturmu\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. Sorunun Cevab\u0131:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcrkistan’da ya\u015fanan kitlesel g\u00f6\u00e7ler, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel, siyasal ve ekonomik alanlarda \u00f6nemli de\u011fi\u015fimlere neden olmu\u015f olabilir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u00fclt\u00fcrel Alan:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u00fclt\u00fcrel etkile\u015fimler: Farkl\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerdeki halklarla etkile\u015fim halinde olan T\u00fcrkler, kendi k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerini zenginle\u015ftirirken, yerle\u015ftikleri b\u00f6lgelerin k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerini de etkilemi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yeni k\u00fclt\u00fcrel sentezler: G\u00f6\u00e7 hareketleri, farkl\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerin bir araya gelmesiyle yeni k\u00fclt\u00fcrel sentezlerin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na neden olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Siyasal Alan:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yeni devletlerin kurulmas\u0131: G\u00f6\u00e7 eden T\u00fcrkler, yerle\u015ftikleri b\u00f6lgelerde yeni devletler kurmu\u015flar veya var olan devletlerin yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirmi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Siyasi dengelerin de\u011fi\u015fmesi: G\u00f6\u00e7ler, b\u00f6lgesel ve uluslararas\u0131 siyasi dengeleri etkileyerek yeni ittifaklar\u0131n olu\u015fmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ekonomik Alan:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ekonomik faaliyetlerin \u00e7e\u015fitlenmesi: G\u00f6\u00e7 eden T\u00fcrkler, yeni yerle\u015ftikleri b\u00f6lgelerde tar\u0131m, hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k, ticaret gibi farkl\u0131 ekonomik faaliyetlere y\u00f6nelerek ekonomik yap\u0131y\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirmi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yeni ticaret yollar\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131: G\u00f6\u00e7 hareketleri, yeni ticaret yollar\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131na ve ticaretin canlanmas\u0131na katk\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5. Orta \u00c7a\u011f’da Ya\u015fanan Kitlesel G\u00f6\u00e7lerin En \u00d6nemli Etkisi<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Verilen metinde Orta \u00c7a\u011f’da ya\u015fanan kitlesel g\u00f6\u00e7lerin bir\u00e7ok etkisi s\u0131ralanm\u0131\u015f. Ancak bu etkilerden en \u00f6nemli olan\u0131, Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu’nun \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fc ve Orta \u00c7a\u011f’\u0131n ba\u015flamas\u0131 olarak de\u011ferlendirebiliriz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Neden Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu’nun \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fc en \u00f6nemli etki olarak kabul edilebilir?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Siyasi D\u00fczenin De\u011fi\u015fimi: Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu, y\u00fczy\u0131llar boyunca Avrupa ve Akdeniz havzas\u0131nda siyasi ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel bir birlik sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu imparatorlu\u011fun \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyle birlikte Avrupa’da siyasi birlik ortadan kalkt\u0131 ve feodalite gibi yeni siyasi sistemler ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve Sosyal De\u011fi\u015fimler: Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu’nun \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fc, Avrupa’da b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve sosyal d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcme yol a\u00e7t\u0131. H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n daha da yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131, e\u011fitim sisteminin gerilemesi ve k\u0131rsal n\u00fcfusun artmas\u0131 gibi \u00f6nemli de\u011fi\u015fiklikler ya\u015fand\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ekonomik Durgunluk: \u0130mparatorlu\u011fun \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyle birlikte ticaret yollar\u0131 g\u00fcvensiz hale geldi, \u00fcretim azald\u0131 ve ekonomik durgunluk ya\u015fand\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Asayi\u015fin Bozulmas\u0131: \u0130mparatorlu\u011fun sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcvenlik ortadan kalk\u0131nca, Avrupa’da ya\u011fma, gasp ve sava\u015flar s\u0131kla\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yeni Devletlerin Do\u011fu\u015fu: G\u00f6\u00e7 hareketleri sonucu yeni devletler kuruldu ve siyasi harita yeniden \u015fekillendi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

6. Soru A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da Orta \u00c7a\u011f\u2019daki ba\u015fl\u0131ca devletlerle ilgili geli\u015fmeler verilmi\u015ftir. Bu geli\u015fmelerin hangi olay sonucu ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fini tespit ederek ilgili numaray\u0131 kronolojik s\u0131raya g\u00f6re tarih \u015feridine yerle\u015ftiriniz.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

GEL\u0130\u015eMELER<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I. \u00c7in\u2019de Tang Hanedanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 D\u00f6nemi ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

II. Abbasi Devleti\u2019nde T\u00fcrkler, sadece asker\u00ee alanda de\u011fil siyasi ve idari alanlarda da devlette etkili olmu\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

III. T\u00fcrkistan\u2019daki \u00c7in bask\u0131s\u0131 ortadan kalkm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

IV. Attila, Do\u011fu Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nu vergiye ba\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V. M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n \u0130spanya\u2019daki ilerleyi\u015fleri durmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

VI. T\u00fcrk ad\u0131, VI. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ortalar\u0131nda Asya bozk\u0131rlar\u0131nda yayg\u0131n bir \u015fekilde kullan\u0131l\u0131r h\u00e2le gelmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

VII. \u0130slam tarihinde devletin kurulu\u015f esaslar\u0131n\u0131, organlar\u0131n\u0131 ve temel prensiplerini ortaya koymu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

VIII. Do\u011fu Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun Do\u011fu Akdeniz\u2019deki \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc sona ermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

IX. T\u00fcrkistan\u2019daki T\u00fcrkler yakla\u015f\u0131k elli y\u0131l \u00c7in esaretinde ya\u015fam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

X. M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlarla Do\u011fu Roma aras\u0131nda yap\u0131lan ilk sava\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

XI. \u0130slam tarihinde Abbasiler iktidara gelmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

OLAYLAR<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1- 618-906 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda \u00c7in\u2019e h\u00e2kim olan Tang Hanedanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 D\u00f6nemi\u2019nde imparatorluk alt\u0131n \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ya\u015fam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2- Abbasi tarihinde \u201cSamarra Devri\u201d (836-892) diye bilinen bu d\u00f6nemde T\u00fcrkler yaln\u0131z asker\u00ee alanda de\u011fil siyasi ve idari alanlarda da devlette etkili olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3- Abbasiler T\u00fcrklerin de deste\u011fini alarak Talas Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019nda (751) \u00c7in ordusunu yenilgiye u\u011fratm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu sava\u015f sonucunda T\u00fcrkistan co\u011frafyas\u0131ndaki \u00c7in bask\u0131s\u0131 ortadan kalkm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4- Attila\u2019n\u0131n 441 ve 447 y\u0131llar\u0131nda Do\u011fu Roma\u2019ya kar\u015f\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi Balkan Seferleri\u2019yle Tuna Nehri civar\u0131nda Hunlara engel olacak bir g\u00fc\u00e7 kalmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu seferler sonucunda a\u011f\u0131r bir vergiye ba\u011flanan Do\u011fu Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu, Attila\u2019n\u0131n bat\u0131ya y\u00f6nelmesi sayesinde varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmeye devam etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5- M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n 732 y\u0131l\u0131nda [Fransa\u2019da] Tours ve Poitiers \u015fehirleri aras\u0131nda yer alan ovada [Puvatya] Franklar\u2019a yenilmesi, Avrupa\u2019da ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmek istenen fetihler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bir d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktas\u0131 olmu\u015ftur.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

6- VI. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ortalar\u0131ndan itibaren Asya bozk\u0131rlar\u0131nda T\u00fcrk ad\u0131 yayg\u0131n \u015fekilde kullan\u0131lmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. T\u00fcrk milletine ad\u0131n\u0131 veren I. G\u00f6kt\u00fcrk Devleti, Bumin Ka\u011fan \u00f6nderli\u011finde 552 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00d6t\u00fcken merkez olmak \u00fczere kurulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

7- 622 y\u0131l\u0131 \u201c\u0130sl\u00e2m tarihinde devletin kurulu\u015f esaslar\u0131n\u0131, organlar\u0131n\u0131 ve temel prensiplerini ortaya koyan yaz\u0131l\u0131 bir anayasan\u0131n ilk \u00f6rne\u011fine Hz. Peygamber d\u00f6neminde rastlanmaktad\u0131r. Hicretten sonra M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra Medine toplumunu olu\u015fturan Yahudileri ve di\u011fer gruplar\u0131 bir \u015fehir devleti halinde te\u015fkil\u00e2tlanmaya ikna eden Hz. Peygamber bu te\u015fkil\u00e2t\u0131n esaslar\u0131n\u0131 yaz\u0131l\u0131 bir metin (sah\u00eefe) halinde ortaya koymu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

8- \u0130slam Devleti, Z\u00e2t\u00fcssav\u00e2r\u00ee ad\u0131yla bilinen bu b\u00fcy\u00fck deniz zaferi ile Bizans \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun Do\u011fu Akdeniz\u2019deki \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne son vermi\u015ftir (654).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

9- Yakla\u015f\u0131k elli y\u0131l boyunca \u00c7in esareti alt\u0131nda ya\u015fayan G\u00f6kt\u00fcrkler, Kutluk \u00f6nderli\u011finde 682\u2019de ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kazanarak \u00d6t\u00fcken merkez olmak \u00fczere II. G\u00f6kt\u00fcrk Devleti\u2019ni kurmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

10- 629\u2019da ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen Mute Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019nda kendilerinden say\u0131ca daha \u00fcst\u00fcn olan Do\u011fu Roma ordusuna kar\u015f\u0131 ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 bir m\u00fccadele vermi\u015ftir. Mute Sava\u015f\u0131, \u0130slam Devleti ile Do\u011fu Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu aras\u0131nda yap\u0131lan ilk sava\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

11- Abbasiler, 750 y\u0131l\u0131nda Eb\u00fc\u2019l Abbas Seffah\u2019\u0131n Emevi Devleti\u2019ne son vermesiyle K\u00fbfe\u2019de kurulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

KRONOLOJ\u0130K SIRA<\/p>\n\n\n\n

IV. Attila, Do\u011fu Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nu vergiye ba\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

VI. T\u00fcrk ad\u0131, VI. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ortalar\u0131nda Asya bozk\u0131rlar\u0131nda yayg\u0131n bir \u015fekilde kullan\u0131l\u0131r h\u00e2le gelmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I. \u00c7in\u2019de Tang Hanedanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 D\u00f6nemi ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

VII. \u0130slam tarihinde devletin kurulu\u015f esaslar\u0131n\u0131, organlar\u0131n\u0131 ve temel prensiplerini ortaya koymu\u015ftur<\/p>\n\n\n\n

X. M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlarla Do\u011fu Roma aras\u0131nda yap\u0131lan ilk sava\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

VIII. Do\u011fu Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun Do\u011fu Akdeniz\u2019deki \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc sona ermi\u015ftir<\/p>\n\n\n\n

IX. T\u00fcrkistan\u2019daki T\u00fcrkler yakla\u015f\u0131k elli y\u0131l \u00c7in esaretinde ya\u015fam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V. M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n \u0130spanya\u2019daki ilerleyi\u015fleri durmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

XI. \u0130slam tarihinde Abbasiler iktidara gelmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

III. T\u00fcrkistan\u2019daki \u00c7in bask\u0131s\u0131 ortadan kalkm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

II. Abbasi Devleti\u2019nde T\u00fcrkler, sadece asker\u00ee alanda de\u011fil siyasi ve idari alanlarda da devlette etkili olmu\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

7. Kaynak A ve B’ye g\u00f6re Kud\u00fcs’\u00fcn M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar taraf\u0131ndan fethinde nas\u0131l bir y\u00f6netim politikas\u0131 izlendi\u011fini k\u0131saca a\u00e7\u0131klay\u0131n\u0131z.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kaynak A ve B, Hz. \u00d6mer d\u00f6neminde Kud\u00fcs’\u00fcn fethi s\u0131ras\u0131nda izlenen ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fc ve adaletli bir y\u00f6netim politikas\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koymaktad\u0131r. Bu politikalar\u0131n temel ilkeleri \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Din \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc: Kud\u00fcs halk\u0131n\u0131n kendi dinlerini \u00f6zg\u00fcrce ya\u015famas\u0131na izin verilmi\u015ftir. Kiliselerin ve ha\u00e7lar\u0131n korunaca\u011f\u0131 garanti alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Can ve mal g\u00fcvenli\u011fi: Kud\u00fcs halk\u0131n\u0131n can ve mallar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcvenli\u011fi sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vergi sistemi: Kud\u00fcs halk\u0131ndan cizye ad\u0131 verilen bir vergi al\u0131nmakla birlikte, bu verginin kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda g\u00fcvenlik ve koruma sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Anla\u015fma ve s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerin \u00f6nemi: Kud\u00fcs halk\u0131yla yap\u0131lan anla\u015fma yaz\u0131l\u0131 hale getirilmi\u015f ve bu anla\u015fmaya riayet edilmesi konusunda hassasiyet g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6zetle, M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar Kud\u00fcs’\u00fc fethettikten sonra, fethedilen di\u011fer \u015fehirlerde oldu\u011fu gibi, farkl\u0131 dinlere mensup insanlara kar\u015f\u0131 ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fc bir politika izlemi\u015flerdir. Bu politika, \u0130slam’\u0131n ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fc ve adalet ilkelerine uygun olarak uygulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

8. Kaynak B’de yer alan antla\u015fma, Kud\u00fcs halk\u0131 i\u00e7in neleri \u00f6ng\u00f6rmektedir?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kaynak B’de yer alan antla\u015fma, Kud\u00fcs halk\u0131na a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki haklar\u0131 ve g\u00fcvenceleri tan\u0131maktad\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Din \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc: Hristiyanlar\u0131n kendi dinlerini \u00f6zg\u00fcrce ya\u015fama hakk\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Can ve mal g\u00fcvenli\u011fi: Hristiyanlar\u0131n can ve mallar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kilise ve ha\u00e7lar\u0131n korunmas\u0131: Hristiyanlar\u0131n ibadethanelerinin ve dini sembollerinin zarar g\u00f6rmeyece\u011fi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zorlama olmaks\u0131z\u0131n vergi \u00f6deme: Hristiyanlar\u0131n cizye ad\u0131 verilen bir vergi \u00f6demeleri kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda g\u00fcvenlik alt\u0131nda ya\u015famalar\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6zetle, antla\u015fma, Kud\u00fcs’teki Hristiyanlar\u0131n temel hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerini g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

9. Kaynaklardan hareketle Kud\u00fcs\u2019\u00fcn M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar taraf\u0131ndan fethi ve y\u00f6netimi ile Ha\u00e7l\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan i\u015fgali s\u0131ras\u0131nda izlenen politikalar aras\u0131ndaki farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klay\u0131n\u0131z. Bu farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n, Kud\u00fcs halk\u0131 \u00fczerindeki etkileri neler olabilir?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar ve Ha\u00e7l\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan Kud\u00fcs’e y\u00f6nelik politikalar aras\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck farkl\u0131l\u0131klar bulunmaktad\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fc vs. vah\u015fet: M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar, Kud\u00fcs’\u00fc fethederek ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fc bir y\u00f6netim politikas\u0131 izlerken, Ha\u00e7l\u0131lar \u015fehri ya\u011fmalam\u0131\u015f ve b\u00fcy\u00fck bir katliam yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Din \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc vs. din zorlamas\u0131: M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar, Hristiyanlar\u0131n din \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne sayg\u0131 g\u00f6sterirken, Ha\u00e7l\u0131lar Hristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yaymak amac\u0131yla zor kullanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Anla\u015fma ve s\u00f6zle\u015fmelere ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131k vs. s\u00f6zle\u015fmeleri \u00e7i\u011fneme: M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar, Kud\u00fcs halk\u0131yla yapt\u0131klar\u0131 anla\u015fmaya riayet ederken, Ha\u00e7l\u0131lar bu anla\u015fmay\u0131 hi\u00e7e saym\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Koruma vs. yok etme: M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar, Kud\u00fcs’teki kilise ve dini mekanlar\u0131 korurken, Ha\u00e7l\u0131lar bu mekanlar\u0131 ya\u011fmalam\u0131\u015f ve tahrip etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n Kud\u00fcs halk\u0131 \u00fczerindeki etkileri:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar d\u00f6neminde: Kud\u00fcs halk\u0131, din ve ya\u015fam tarzlar\u0131 konusunda \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerine sayg\u0131 duyulan bir ortamda ya\u015fam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Bu durum, \u015fehirde huzurun ve g\u00fcvenli\u011fin sa\u011flanmas\u0131na katk\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ha\u00e7l\u0131lar d\u00f6neminde: Kud\u00fcs halk\u0131, b\u00fcy\u00fck bir katliam ve ya\u011fmaya maruz kalm\u0131\u015f, dinleri ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrleri yok olma tehlikesiyle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu durum, \u015fehirde b\u00fcy\u00fck bir y\u0131k\u0131ma ve g\u00fcvensizlik ortam\u0131na neden olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

10. Kaynaklarda Yer Alan Orta \u00c7a\u011f Devletlerinin Y\u00f6netim Yap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n \u00d6zellikleri<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kaynak A (S\u00e2s\u00e2n\u00ee \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu):<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Din Devleti: S\u00e2s\u00e2n\u00ee \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu, b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde din adamlar\u0131n\u0131n (mobad) kontrol\u00fcnde olan bir din devletidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saray ve \u0130dari Yap\u0131: \u0130dari kurumlar\u0131n merkezi, kasr ad\u0131 verilen sarayd\u0131r. Saray, idari b\u00fcrolar\u0131n bulundu\u011fu, divanlar\u0131n tutuldu\u011fu ve \u00f6nemli evraklar\u0131n korundu\u011fu ana idari mekanizmad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vezirler ve Debirler: Y\u00fcksek r\u00fctbeli g\u00f6revliler vezirler ve debirler olarak iki kategoriye ayr\u0131l\u0131r. Ba\u015f vezir, devletin y\u00fcr\u00fctme kurulunun ba\u015f\u0131ndaki ba\u015fbakan yetkisine sahiptir ve b\u00fct\u00fcn yaz\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 imzalay\u0131p m\u00fch\u00fcrler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kaynak B (G\u00f6k T\u00fcrkler):<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Karizmatik H\u00fck\u00fcmranl\u0131k: Ka\u011fanl\u0131k, ki\u015fiye Tanr\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan verilen karizmatik bir h\u00fck\u00fcmranl\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Meclis ve Ayuk\u0131: G\u00f6k T\u00fcrk ka\u011fanlar\u0131 meclisin tabii ba\u015fkan\u0131d\u0131r. Ka\u011fan olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman meclise hanedana mensup olmayan Ayguc\u0131 ve \u00d6geler ba\u015fkanl\u0131k eder. H\u00fck\u00fcmetin kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cayuk\u0131\u201d tabiridir ve ba\u015f\u0131nda hanedandan olmayan ayguc\u0131lar veya \u00fcgeler bulunur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kaynak C (Abb\u00e2s\u00eeler):<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mutlak H\u00fck\u00fcmdar: Halife, mutlak bir h\u00fck\u00fcmdar olup, halifelik verasete dayal\u0131 bir h\u00fck\u00fcmdarl\u0131k \u015feklinde devam eder.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130lahi Temel: Halifenin kudret ve kuvvetinin kayna\u011f\u0131 ilahi bir temele dayan\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saray Hiyerar\u015fisi: Halifeler, saray hiyerar\u015fisi ile halktan ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vez\u00e2ret ve H\u00e2ciblik: Vezir, halifenin vekili ve idari te\u015fkilat\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131d\u0131r. H\u00e2ciblik ise halifeyi suikastlara kar\u015f\u0131 korumak ve halk\u0131n \u00f6nemli i\u015flerle u\u011fra\u015fan halifeyi me\u015fgul etmesini \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in kurulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

11. Kaynaklarda yer alan Orta \u00c7a\u011f devletlerinin y\u00f6netim yap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n benzerlik ve farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 nelerdir?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Benzerlikler:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vezirlik Kurumu: Hem S\u00e2s\u00e2n\u00eeler hem de Abb\u00e2s\u00eelerde vezirlik kurumu, y\u00f6netimde \u00f6nemli bir yere sahiptir. Vezirler, hem idari i\u015flerde hem de h\u00fck\u00fcmetin y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesinde ba\u015fbakan konumundayd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Din ve \u0130lahi Yetki: S\u00e2s\u00e2n\u00eelerde din adamlar\u0131n\u0131n h\u00fck\u00fcmet \u00fczerinde g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir etkisi vard\u0131. Abb\u00e2s\u00eelerde ise halifelik, ilahi bir temele dayan\u0131yordu. G\u00f6kt\u00fcrklerde ise ka\u011fanl\u0131k Tanr\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan veriliyordu, yani ilahi bir me\u015fruiyet temeline dayal\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Merkezi Y\u00f6netim ve Saraylar: S\u00e2s\u00e2n\u00eelerde y\u00f6netim merkezi kasr ad\u0131 verilen saraylarken, Abb\u00e2s\u00eelerde halifeler sarayda te\u015frifat ve hiyerar\u015fi ile halktan ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. G\u00f6kt\u00fcrklerde de ka\u011fanlar h\u00fck\u00fcmetin merkezi fig\u00fcr\u00fcyd\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Farkl\u0131l\u0131klar:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Din Adamlar\u0131n\u0131n Etkisi: S\u00e2s\u00e2n\u00eelerde din adamlar\u0131 do\u011frudan y\u00f6netim \u00fczerinde etkili olup h\u00fck\u00fcmdar tayin edebilmekteyken, Abb\u00e2s\u00eelerde y\u00f6netim ilahi bir temele dayansa da y\u00f6netimde dini kurumlar\u0131n do\u011frudan tayin yetkisi yoktu. G\u00f6kt\u00fcrklerde ise y\u00f6netim tamamen karizmatik liderlik ve askeri yetkinlik \u00fczerine kurulmu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vezirlik ve Y\u00f6netim \u015eekli: S\u00e2s\u00e2n\u00eelerde vezirler ve debirler saray idaresinde g\u00f6rev yaparken, Abb\u00e2s\u00eelerde vezirler do\u011frudan halifenin vekili olarak geni\u015f yetkilere sahipti. G\u00f6kt\u00fcrklerde ise ka\u011fan y\u00f6netimin do\u011fal lideriydi ve ayguc\u0131 veya \u00fcgeler h\u00fck\u00fcmetin ba\u015f\u0131ndayd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Y\u00f6netim Yetkisi: G\u00f6kt\u00fcrklerde h\u00fck\u00fcmetin ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hanedana mensup olmayan ki\u015filer (ayguc\u0131lar veya \u00fcgeler) yapabilirken, S\u00e2s\u00e2n\u00eelerde ve Abb\u00e2s\u00eelerde y\u00f6netim hanedan ve y\u00fcksek r\u00fctbeli g\u00f6revliler taraf\u0131ndan kontrol edilmekteydi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

12. Metinde yer alan Orta \u00c7a\u011f devletlerinin ordu yap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zellikleri nelerdir?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tang Hanedanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 (\u00c7in):<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tar\u0131ma elveri\u015fli b\u00f6lgelerde asker\u00ee tar\u0131m topluluklar\u0131 sistemi kurulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ordu yap\u0131s\u0131nda piyadeler \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu olu\u015ftururken, T\u00fcrk atl\u0131lar\u0131na benzeyen hafif s\u00fcvari birlikleri \u00f6zel olarak se\u00e7ilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u00e2s\u00e2n\u00ee \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Orduda s\u00fcvariler, piyadelerden \u00fcst\u00fcn kabul edilmi\u015f ve daha fazla maa\u015f alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Askerlere baz\u0131 araziler ikta olarak ba\u011f\u0131\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Do\u011fu Roma (Bizans):<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Orduda s\u00fcvari s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemi artm\u0131\u015f ve \u0130mparatorlu\u011fun askeri g\u00fcc\u00fc daha \u00e7ok atl\u0131 birliklere dayanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Thema sistemi ile Anadolu\u2019ya \u00e7ift\u00e7i askerler yerle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir, bu askerler te\u00e7hizatlanm\u0131\u015f ve organize edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u00f6kt\u00fcrk ve Uygurlar:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bar\u0131\u015f d\u00f6neminde halk g\u00fcnl\u00fck i\u015fleriyle u\u011fra\u015f\u0131rken, sava\u015f d\u00f6neminde topyek\u00fbn seferberlik ilan edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kad\u0131nlar da orduyu kumanda edebilmi\u015f ve atl\u0131 olarak sava\u015flara kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hz. Peygamber D\u00f6nemi:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00fczenli bir ordu yoktur; M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olan herkes asker say\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fclerden olu\u015fan ordu, belirtilen yer ve zamanda asker\u00ee te\u00e7hizatlar\u0131yla haz\u0131r olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ordunun \u00f6nc\u00fc ve yan birliklerini s\u00fcvariler olu\u015fturmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Emeviler:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ordunun temelini piyadeler ve s\u00fcvariler olu\u015fturmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130lk d\u00f6nemlerde Araplar ordunun \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funu olu\u015ftururken, s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n geni\u015flemesiyle farkl\u0131 milletlerden askerler de al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mevali ad\u0131 verilen gayrim\u00fcslim askerler, Arap askerlerden daha az maa\u015f alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

13. Metinde yer alan Orta \u00c7a\u011f devletlerinin ordu yap\u0131lar\u0131ndaki benzerlik ve farkl\u0131l\u0131klar nelerdir?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Benzerlikler:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u00fcvarilere Verilen \u00d6nem: S\u00e2s\u00e2n\u00eeler, Do\u011fu Roma, Tang Hanedanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve \u0130slam ordular\u0131 s\u00fcvarilere b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem vermi\u015ftir. \u00d6zellikle S\u00e2s\u00e2n\u00eeler ve Do\u011fu Roma\u2019da s\u00fcvariler ordunun \u00f6nemli bir par\u00e7as\u0131yd\u0131. G\u00f6kt\u00fcrk ve Uygurlar da s\u00fcvari birliklerine sahipti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Asker\u00ee Tar\u0131m Topluluklar\u0131: Tang Hanedanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Do\u011fu Roma (Thema sistemi) gibi baz\u0131 devletler, asker\u00ee tar\u0131m topluluklar\u0131 veya \u00e7ift\u00e7i askerleri organize ederek, askeri yap\u0131lar\u0131 ile tar\u0131m\u0131 birle\u015ftirmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130kta ve Arazi Sistemleri: S\u00e2s\u00e2n\u00eelerde askerlere arazi verilmesi, Do\u011fu Roma\u2019da \u00e7ift\u00e7i askerlerin yerle\u015ftirilmesi gibi y\u00f6ntemler, ordunun ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamak i\u00e7in toprak sistemlerinin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131na benzer \u00f6rneklerdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Seferberlik ve G\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fcl\u00fck: G\u00f6kt\u00fcrkler ve Hz. Peygamber D\u00f6nemi\u2019nde t\u00fcm halk\u0131n sava\u015fa kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 sa\u011flan\u0131rken, g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fcl\u00fck esas\u0131na dayal\u0131 bir yap\u0131 vard\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Farkl\u0131l\u0131klar:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ordunun Sosyal Yap\u0131s\u0131: Emevilerde ordunun b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131sm\u0131 ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta Araplardan olu\u015furken, daha sonra farkl\u0131 milletlerden askerler kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. S\u00e2s\u00e2n\u00eelerde ise s\u0131n\u0131f ayr\u0131m\u0131 vard\u0131; s\u00fcvariler piyadelerden \u00fcst\u00fcnd\u00fc. Tang Hanedanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019nda ise asker\u00ee tar\u0131m topluluklar\u0131 kurularak daha farkl\u0131 bir askeri yap\u0131lanma g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kad\u0131nlar\u0131n Rol\u00fc: G\u00f6kt\u00fcrk ve Uygurlarda kad\u0131nlar orduda aktif roller \u00fcstlenirken, di\u011fer devletlerde kad\u0131nlar\u0131n bu t\u00fcr bir rol\u00fc oldu\u011funa dair bilgi bulunmamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Maa\u015f ve Sosyal Stat\u00fc: S\u00e2s\u00e2n\u00eeler ve Emevilerde ordudaki maa\u015f farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 dikkat \u00e7ekicidir. S\u00e2s\u00e2n\u00eelerde s\u00fcvarilere piyadelerden fazla maa\u015f \u00f6denirken, Emevilerde mevali askerler Arap askerlerden daha az maa\u015f alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ordunun Yap\u0131s\u0131: Hz. Peygamber D\u00f6nemi\u2019nde d\u00fczenli bir ordu yokken, g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fcl\u00fck esas\u0131na dayal\u0131 olarak herkes askere kat\u0131labiliyordu. Tang Hanedanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Do\u011fu Roma gibi di\u011fer devletlerde ise daha d\u00fczenli ve organize bir askeri yap\u0131 mevcuttu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

14. Verilen metin ve g\u00f6rsele g\u00f6re Orta \u00c7a\u011f\u2019daki ticaret yollar\u0131 \u00fczerinde yer alan devlet ve toplumlar\u0131n etkile\u015fimlerine y\u00f6nelik hangi sorular sorulabilir?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cevap: E) I, II ve III<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Metin, ticaret yollar\u0131 \u00fczerindeki \u015fehirlerin \u00f6zellikleri, ticaret yollar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fczergahlar\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fumunda etkili olan hususlar ve devletlerin bu yollar\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irme m\u00fccadeleleri hakk\u0131nda bilgi vermektedir. Bu nedenle, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki sorular sorulabilir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I. Ticaret yollar\u0131 \u00fczerindeki \u015fehirlerin ortak \u00f6zellikleri nelerdir?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Metinde \u015fehirlerin canl\u0131 ticaret, rekabet, konum avantaj\u0131 ve ula\u015f\u0131labilirlik gibi ortak \u00f6zelliklere sahip oldu\u011fu belirtilmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

II. Ticaret yollar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fczerg\u00e2hlar\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fumunda hangi hususlar etkili olmu\u015ftur?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ticaret yollar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fczergahlar\u0131, ticaret yap\u0131labilirlik, konum avantajlar\u0131 ve pazar eri\u015fimi gibi fakt\u00f6rlerle belirlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

III. Devletler ve topluluklar ticaret yollar\u0131n\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irmek i\u00e7in neden m\u00fccadele etmi\u015flerdir?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ticaret yollar\u0131n\u0131 kontrol etmek ekonomik zenginlik, siyasi g\u00fc\u00e7 ve stratejik avantaj sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu y\u00fczden m\u00fccadele edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

15. Orta \u00c7a\u011f\u2019daki ticaret yollar\u0131, devletler ve toplumlar\u0131n ekonomik-k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ili\u015fkilerini nas\u0131l etkilemi\u015ftir?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Orta \u00c7a\u011f ticaret yollar\u0131, devletler ve toplumlar aras\u0131nda hem ekonomik hem de k\u00fclt\u00fcrel etkile\u015fimi b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde art\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ekonomik Etkile\u015fim: Ticaret yollar\u0131 \u00fczerinde yer alan \u015fehirler, ticaretin merkezi haline gelerek zenginle\u015fmi\u015f ve ekonomik a\u00e7\u0131dan g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc hale gelmi\u015ftir. Bu \u015fehirler, g\u00f6\u00e7ebe kabileler ve yerle\u015fik toplumlarla ticaret yaparak farkl\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerden gelen \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin de\u011fi\u015fimini sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ticaretin canl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, bu \u015fehirlerin geli\u015fmesini ve ekonomik refah\u0131n artmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flarken, ticaret yollar\u0131n\u0131 kontrol eden devletler de b\u00fcy\u00fck kazan\u00e7 elde etmi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u00fclt\u00fcrel Etkile\u015fim: Ticaret yollar\u0131 \u00fczerinden ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen al\u0131\u015fveri\u015f, sadece mal de\u011fi\u015fimini de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda fikirlerin, inan\u00e7lar\u0131n, teknolojilerin ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel \u00f6\u011felerin de yay\u0131lmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Farkl\u0131 toplumlar aras\u0131nda bilgi al\u0131\u015fveri\u015fi olmu\u015f; bu durum mimari, sanat, bilim ve din gibi \u00e7e\u015fitli alanlarda zengin bir k\u00fclt\u00fcrel birikim ve etkile\u015fim yaratm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Siyasi M\u00fccadele: Ticaret yollar\u0131n\u0131 kontrol etmek, stratejik bir \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in devletler ve kabileler aras\u0131nda s\u00fcrekli bir m\u00fccadeleye yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ticaret yollar\u0131n\u0131n kontrol\u00fc, devletlerin g\u00fc\u00e7lenmesine, s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n geni\u015flemesine ve di\u011fer toplumlarla olan ili\u015fkilerinde \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck kurmas\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu \u015fekilde, ticaret yollar\u0131, Orta \u00c7a\u011f\u2019daki devletlerin ekonomik refah\u0131n\u0131 ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel zenginli\u011fini do\u011frudan etkilemi\u015f; ayn\u0131 zamanda bu yollar \u00fczerinde kontrol sahibi olma m\u00fccadelesi, d\u00f6nemsel \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n ve siyasi de\u011fi\u015fimlerin ana nedenlerinden biri olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

16. soru G\u00f6rseldeki tan\u0131lay\u0131c\u0131 dallanm\u0131\u015f a\u011fa\u00e7 yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ad\u0131m ad\u0131m inceleyerek do\u011fru \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131 bulal\u0131m:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

“Orta \u00c7a\u011f\u2019daki ba\u015fl\u0131ca ticaret yollar\u0131 \u0130pek, Baharat ve K\u00fcrk Yolu\u2019dur.”<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu bilgi do\u011frudur. Bu nedenle “D” y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc takip ediyoruz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“\u0130pek Yolu, kuzeyinde K\u00fcrk Yolu ile ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r.”<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu ifade de do\u011frudur. Devam\u0131nda yine “D” y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc takip ediyoruz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“Baharat Yolu, daha \u00e7ok deniz ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir yoldur.”<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu bilgi de do\u011frudur. Yine “D” y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc takip ediyoruz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“Ticaret yollar\u0131 \u00fczerinde kervansaraylar, konaklamalar i\u00e7in in\u015fa edilen yap\u0131lar kervansaraylard\u0131r.”<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu bilgi do\u011frudur. Buradan “1. \u00c7\u0131k\u0131\u015f”a ula\u015f\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu ad\u0131mlarla, do\u011fru \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f: 1. \u00c7\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Bu sayfada sizlerle\u00a0T\u00fcrkiye Y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131 Maarif Modeline\u00a0g\u00f6re haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z g\u00fcncel\u00a09. S\u0131n\u0131f Tarih Ders Kitab\u0131 Cevaplar\u0131n\u0131\u00a0(2024-2025) payla\u015f\u0131yoruz.\u00a09. s\u0131n\u0131f tarih ders ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma kitab\u0131\u00a0cevaplar\u0131 konulara ve sayfa numaralar\u0131na g\u00f6re […]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1751,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_regular_price":[],"currency_symbol":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[205],"tags":[87,204],"class_list":["post-1794","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-9-sinif-tarih-ders-kitabi-cevaplari","tag-9-sinif-tarih","tag-tarih-ders-kitabi-cevaplari"],"post_slider_layout_featured_media_urls":{"thumbnail":["https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/9.-sinif-kitap-cevaplari-150x150.png",150,150,true],"post_slider_layout_landscape_large":["https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/9.-sinif-kitap-cevaplari-1200x720.png",1200,720,true],"post_slider_layout_portrait_large":["https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/9.-sinif-kitap-cevaplari-1200x720.png",1200,720,true],"post_slider_layout_square_large":["https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/9.-sinif-kitap-cevaplari-1200x720.png",1200,720,true],"post_slider_layout_landscape":["https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/9.-sinif-kitap-cevaplari-600x400.png",600,400,true],"post_slider_layout_portrait":["https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/9.-sinif-kitap-cevaplari-600x720.png",600,720,true],"post_slider_layout_square":["https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/9.-sinif-kitap-cevaplari-600x600.png",600,600,true],"full":["https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/9.-sinif-kitap-cevaplari.png",1280,720,false]},"yoast_head":"\n9. 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