{"id":1800,"date":"2024-11-10T16:07:57","date_gmt":"2024-11-10T13:07:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/?p=1800"},"modified":"2024-11-10T16:34:09","modified_gmt":"2024-11-10T13:34:09","slug":"iii-unite-devletlesme-surecinde-savascilar-ve-askerler","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/index.php\/2024\/11\/10\/iii-unite-devletlesme-surecinde-savascilar-ve-askerler\/","title":{"rendered":"3. \u00dcnite Devletle\u015fme S\u00fcrecinde Sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131lar ve Askerler"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Bu yaz\u0131m\u0131zda g\u00fcncel m\u00fcfredata g\u00f6re haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u00a010. s\u0131n\u0131f tarih dersi 3. \u00fcnitesi\u00a0<\/strong>olan\u00a0Devletle\u015fme S\u00fcrecinde Sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131lar ve Askerler<\/strong>\u00a0\u00fcnitesinin\u00a0\u00f6zet ders notlar\u0131n\u0131\u00a0<\/strong>payla\u015f\u0131yoruz.\u00a010. s\u0131n\u0131f tarih kitab\u0131 \u00f6zet pdf\u00a0<\/strong>ders notlar\u0131 sayesinde derslerde daha ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olacaks\u0131n\u0131z.\u00a0G\u00fcncel 10. s\u0131n\u0131f Tarih ders kitab\u0131na\u00a0<\/strong>uygun olarak haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u00a0Devletle\u015fme S\u00fcrecinde Sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131lar ve Askerler \u00f6zet notlar\u0131\u00a0<\/strong>a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki konular\u0131 kapsamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

10. S\u0131n\u0131f Tarih 3. \u00dcnite Devletle\u015fme S\u00fcrecinde Sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131lar ve Askerler<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

OSMANLI ORDUSU<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin kurulu\u015f a\u015famas\u0131nda d\u00fczenli bir ordusu yoktu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Osmanl\u0131 Beyli\u011fi, sefere \u00e7\u0131kmadan \u00f6nce bir\u00e7ok T\u00fcrkmen a\u015firetine duyuruda bulunur ve sefer i\u00e7in asker toplard\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Genelde gazilerden olu\u015fan ve tamam\u0131 atl\u0131 olan a\u015firet kuvvetleri yan\u0131nda cihat amac\u0131yla \u0130slam dini u\u011fruna, Gaziy\u00e2n-\u0131 R\u00fbm, Ahiy\u00e2n-\u0131 R\u00fbm ve Abdal\u00e2n-\u0131 R\u00fbm adlar\u0131 alt\u0131nda te\u015fkilatlanm\u0131\u015f z\u00fcmreler de sava\u015fa kat\u0131ld\u0131lar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dervi\u015fler, fetih ve isk\u00e2ndan ba\u015fka, fethedilen b\u00f6lgelerin \u0130slamla\u015fmas\u0131nda da olduk\u00e7a etkili oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Osmanl\u0131, fetih hareketleri i\u00e7inde \u201calpl\u0131k ve gazilik\u201d son derece \u00f6nemli bir yere sahipti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eski T\u00fcrk devletlerinin kurulu\u015funda etkili olan Alplar, \u0130slami devir T\u00fcrk devletlerinde Alp Gaziler olarak misyonlar\u0131n\u0131 devam ettirdiler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00dcZENL\u0130 ORDUNUN KURULMA NEDENLER\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Devlete ba\u011fl\u0131 olmayan a\u015firet kuvvetleri aras\u0131nda belli bir d\u00fczen ve koordinasyon yoktu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sava\u015fa karar verdi\u011fi zaman, bu gruplar\u0131n toplanmas\u0131 ve sevkiyat\u0131 olduk\u00e7a sorun yarat\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 Ayr\u0131ca sava\u015f \u00f6ncesi ve s\u0131ras\u0131nda disipline edilmeleri olduk\u00e7a zordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130LK D\u00dcZENL\u0130 OSMANLI ORDUSUNUN KURULMASI<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130lk d\u00fczenli birlikler Orhan Gazi zaman\u0131nda, Bursa\u2019n\u0131n fethinden sonra olu\u015fturuldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bursa Kad\u0131s\u0131 \u00c7andarl\u0131 Kara Halil\u2019in \u00f6nerisiyle yaya (piyade) ve m\u00fcsellem (atl\u0131) asker\u00ee birlikleri kuruldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yaya ve m\u00fcsellemler ilk a\u015famada sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 ve g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc T\u00fcrk gen\u00e7lerinden 1000 yaya, 1000 de atl\u0131 askerden kuruldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yaya ve m\u00fcsellemler, sefer s\u0131ras\u0131nda belli bir \u00fccret al\u0131yor, bar\u0131\u015f zaman\u0131nda ise kendilerine tahsis edilen arazileri ekip bi\u00e7iyorlard\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ancak bunun kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda belirli vergilerden muaf tutuluyorlard\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

XV. y\u00fczy\u0131l ortalar\u0131ndan sonra yaya ve m\u00fcsellemler daha profesyonel bir ordu niteli\u011finde olan Kap\u0131kulu Ocaklar\u0131n\u0131n kurulmas\u0131ndan sonra tersanelerde, maden ocaklar\u0131 ve kale in\u015faatlar\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmak \u00fczere geri hizmet birlikleri aras\u0131na al\u0131nd\u0131lar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

OSMANLI ORDUSU<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A) KARA KUVVETLER\u0130<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1- KAPIKULU ASKERLER\u0130<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kap\u0131kulu Piyadeleri<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Acemi Oca\u011f\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Yeni\u00e7eriler<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Cebeciler (Silahlarla ilgilenir)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Top\u00e7ular<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kap\u0131kulu S\u00fcvarileri<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Silahtarlar<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Sipahiler<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2- EYALET ASKERLER\u0130<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 T\u0131marl\u0131 Sipahiler<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Yayalar ve M\u00fcsellemler<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Azaplar<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Ak\u0131nc\u0131lar<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B) BA\u011eLI DEVLET VE BEYL\u0130K ASKERLER\u0130<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

C) DEN\u0130Z KUVVETLER\u0130<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

(DONANMA)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kap\u0131kulu Piyadeleri<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Acemi Oca\u011f\u0131: Kap\u0131kulu ocaklar\u0131na asker yeti\u015ftiren okuldur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yeni\u00e7eri Oca\u011f\u0131: \u00c7ok iyi silah kullanan ve sava\u015f alan\u0131nda padi\u015faha hizmet eden yeni\u00e7erilerin ba\u015fkentte huzuru sa\u011flamak, yang\u0131nlara m\u00fcdahale etmek gibi g\u00f6revleri de vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cebeci Oca\u011f\u0131: Ordunun silahlar\u0131n\u0131 temin etmek, bu silahlar\u0131n bak\u0131m ve tamirini yapmakla g\u00f6revli askerler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Top\u00e7u Oca\u011f\u0131: Orduya ait toplar\u0131n yap\u0131m\u0131, bak\u0131m\u0131 ve tamiri ile g\u00f6revli ocakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kap\u0131kulu S\u00fcvarileri<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sipahiler: Seferde sultan\u0131n \u00e7ad\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 silahtarlar ile n\u00f6betle\u015fe koruyan askerlerdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Silahtarlar: Devlet b\u00fcy\u00fcklerinin silahlar\u0131na bakan ve onlar\u0131 koruyan g\u00f6revlilerdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eyalet Askerleri<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yaya ve M\u00fcsellemler: Orhan Gazi zaman\u0131nda piyade (yaya) ve s\u00fcvari (atl\u0131) birlikleri kurulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u0131marl\u0131 Sipahiler: Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019ne ba\u011fl\u0131 eyaletlerde t\u0131mar sahiplerinin besledikleri atl\u0131 askerlerdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Azaplar: Bek\u00e2r T\u00fcrk erkeklerinden olu\u015fur. Sava\u015fta ilk h\u00fccuma ge\u00e7erler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ak\u0131nc\u0131lar: T\u00fcrklerden meydana gelir. D\u00fc\u015fman topraklar\u0131na ak\u0131nlar yaparak araziyi ke\u015ffederler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

TIMAR S\u0130STEM\u0130 VE \u00d6ZELL\u0130KLER\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Osmanl\u0131 Devleti, Anadolu ve Rumeli\u2019de fethetti\u011fi topraklar\u0131 devlete ba\u011fl\u0131 arazi olarak tahrir defterlerine kaydetmek suretiyle tapula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tahrir defterlerine kaydedilen bu araziler, mir\u00ee yani devlet arazileri olarak adland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Osmanl\u0131 Devleti, bu mir\u00ee arazileri dirlik ad\u0131 verilen b\u00f6l\u00fcmlere ay\u0131r\u0131rd\u0131. Bu dirliklerin \u00fczerinde ya\u015fayan \u00e7ift\u00e7iler, topra\u011f\u0131 ekip bi\u00e7er ve vergi \u00f6derlerdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u0131mar sistemine g\u00f6re devlet, kendisine ait olan bu vergilerin toplama hakk\u0131n\u0131 ba\u015fta y\u00f6netenler (asker\u00eeler) olmak \u00fczere sava\u015flarda \u00fcst\u00fcn ba\u015far\u0131lar g\u00f6stermi\u015f olanlar ile di\u011fer devlet g\u00f6revlilerine (k\u00e2tip, kad\u0131 vs.) b\u0131rak\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k t\u0131mar sahipleri, tasarruf ettikleri yerin y\u0131ll\u0131k gelirine g\u00f6re yeme, i\u00e7me, silah ve at gibi her t\u00fcrl\u00fc ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 kendilerine ait olmak \u00fczere atl\u0131 askerler yeti\u015ftirirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u0131mar sahipleri bu hizmetlerine kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k bir\u00e7ok vergiden de muaf tutulurlard\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

TIMAR S\u0130STEM\u0130N\u0130N FAYDALARI<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Osmanl\u0131 Devleti, t\u0131mar sistemi ile devlet hazinesinden para ay\u0131rmadan Osmanl\u0131 ordusunun ta\u015fradaki en kalabal\u0131k grubu olan eyalet askerlerini olu\u015fturmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tar\u0131m arazilerinin s\u00fcrekli i\u015flenmesini sa\u011flayarak \u00fcretime s\u00fcreklilik kazand\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Toprak gelirleriyle memur maa\u015flar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lanm\u0131\u015f, vergiler d\u00fczenli toplanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u0131mar sistemi ile sava\u015fa haz\u0131r askerler (t\u0131marl\u0131 sipahiler) yeti\u015ftirildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u0131mar sahipleri bulunduklar\u0131 yerlerde g\u00fcvenli\u011fi sa\u011flayarak devlet otoritesini g\u00fc\u00e7lendirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u00fct\u00fcn bunlar\u0131n yan\u0131nda konar-g\u00f6\u00e7er T\u00fcrkmenlerin, b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde yerle\u015fik hayata ge\u00e7mesi sa\u011fland\u0131 ve yerli halka zarar vermeleri de \u00f6nlendi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u0131marl\u0131 Sipahiler<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u0131marl\u0131 sipahiler, Osmanl\u0131 ordusunun en \u00f6nemli ve en kalabal\u0131k atl\u0131 kuvvetleri idi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u0131mar sahiplerinin vergi gelirine g\u00f6re beslemek zorunda olduklar\u0131 bu atl\u0131 askerlere \u201ccebel\u00fc\u201d de denirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Devletten maa\u015f almaz, ganimet elde etmezlerdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u0131marl\u0131 sipahiler ba\u011fl\u0131 bulundu\u011fu b\u00f6lgede reayadan vergileri toplarlard\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u0131marl\u0131 sipahilerin y\u0131ll\u0131k gelirleri, hizmet k\u0131demlerine g\u00f6re bin ile yirmi bin ak\u00e7e aras\u0131nda olurdu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6z\u00fcrs\u00fcz olarak sefere kat\u0131lmayan sipahinin dirli\u011fi elinden al\u0131n\u0131r, sava\u015flarda yararl\u0131k g\u00f6sterenlerin dirliklerine ise zam yap\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vefat eden t\u0131marl\u0131 sipahinin dirli\u011finin bir k\u0131sm\u0131, varsa o\u011fluna; o\u011flu olmayan\u0131n t\u0131mar\u0131 ise alay beyi taraf\u0131ndan uygun birine verilirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u0131marl\u0131 sipahiler, i\u015flevsel ve h\u0131zl\u0131 olduklar\u0131ndan Osmanl\u0131 Devleti i\u00e7in olduk\u00e7a \u00f6nemli bir yere sahipti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bazen t\u0131marl\u0131 sipahileri Yeni\u00e7erilere kar\u015f\u0131 denge sa\u011flayan bir fakt\u00f6r olarak kulland\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Osmanl\u0131 Devleti t\u0131marl\u0131 sipahileri, merkez\u00ee otoritenin ve saltanat\u0131n alternatif koruyucular\u0131 olarak g\u00f6rd\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

PENC\u0130K-DEV\u015e\u0130RME S\u0130STEM\u0130 VE YEN\u0130\u00c7ER\u0130LER<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rumeli\u2019deki topraklar\u0131 geni\u015flemeye ba\u015flayan Osmanl\u0131 Devleti, daha fazla askere ihtiya\u00e7 duydu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bat\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde s\u00fcratle ilerleyen fetihlerin devam\u0131 i\u00e7in Anadolu\u2019nun T\u00fcrk ve M\u00fcsl\u00fcman unsurlar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131nda, hem Osmanl\u0131 saltanat\u0131n\u0131 koruyacak hem de daima silah alt\u0131nda bulunacak bir asker oca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kurulmas\u0131na karar verildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu ama\u00e7la sava\u015flarda elde edilen erkek esirlerin be\u015fte biri (pencik) ile Hristiyan tebaas\u0131ndan dev\u015firme sistemiyle olu\u015fturulan yeni bir ordu kuruldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I. Murad D\u00f6nemi\u2019nde, Kazasker \u00c7andarl\u0131 Halil Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n tavsiyesi ile kurulan kap\u0131kulu askerleri, piyadeler ve s\u00fcvariler \u015feklinde iki k\u0131sma ayr\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Acemi Oca\u011f\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Acemi Oca\u011f\u0131, yeni\u00e7eri Oca\u011f\u0131na asker yeti\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in ilk olarak Gelibolu\u2019da kuruldu. Acemi Oca\u011f\u0131na iki \u015fekilde asker al\u0131n\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bunlardan biri sava\u015flarda esir edilen, genelde on sekiz ya\u015f\u0131ndan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck, ruhen ve bedenen sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 gen\u00e7lerin be\u015fte birinin (pencik) vergi kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 devlet hizmetine al\u0131nmas\u0131 \u015feklinde olu\u015fturulan \u201cpencik sistemi\u201d, di\u011feri ise \u201cdev\u015firme sistemi\u201ddir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pencik, Fars\u00e7ada 1\/5 anlam\u0131na gelir. Pencik Kanunu\u2019na g\u00f6re Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin fethetti\u011fi b\u00f6lgelerden al\u0131nan esirlerin 1\/5\u2019i padi\u015fah\u0131n olurdu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pencik o\u011flanlar\u0131ndan eli y\u00fcz\u00fc ve karakteri d\u00fczg\u00fcn olanlardan baz\u0131lar\u0131 sarayda \u201ci\u00e7 o\u011flan\u0131\u201d olarak al\u0131narak saray e\u011fitimine tabi tutulurlard\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Geriye kalanlar ise Anadolu\u2019da belli T\u00fcrk \u00e7ift\u00e7ilerinin yan\u0131na verilerek Yeni\u00e7eri olmadan \u00f6nce T\u00fcrk ve \u0130slam k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc \u00f6\u011frenirlerdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Acemi Oca\u011f\u0131na asker al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131n di\u011fer bir yolu da dev\u015firme sistemidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kap\u0131kulu Oca\u011f\u0131na 1. Murat\u2019tan itibaren pen\u00e7ik sistemiyle asker al\u0131n\u0131rken dev\u015firme sistemi \u00c7elebi Mehmet zaman\u0131nda uygulanmaya ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ancak dev\u015firme sisteminin kanun haline gelmesi II. Murad zaman\u0131nda olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Genelde Rumeli\u2019de Hristiyan tebaadan yap\u0131lan bu uygulamada \u00f6ncelikle g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc olarak dev\u015firilmek istenenlerin \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 al\u0131n\u0131rd\u0131. Tek erkek \u00e7ocu\u011fu olan ailelerden dev\u015firme yap\u0131lmazd\u0131. 8 ya\u015f alt\u0131 ve 20 ya\u015f \u00fcst\u00fc dev\u015firilemez. Dev\u015firme olarak al\u0131nan \u00e7ocu\u011fun k\u00f6y\u00fc, kazas\u0131, sanca\u011f\u0131, baba ve anas\u0131n\u0131n isimleri, do\u011fum tarihi, e\u015fkali bir deftere yaz\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. En az \u00fc\u00e7, en fazla sekiz sene e\u011fitilen \u00e7ocuklar Acemi Oca\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6nderilirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Acemi Oca\u011f\u0131nda din\u00ee, ilm\u00ee ve asker\u00ee e\u011fitimden ge\u00e7irilen dev\u015firmeler \u2018\u2019 \u00e7\u0131kma\u2019\u2019 veya \u2018\u2019 kap\u0131ya \u00e7\u0131kma\u2019\u2019 ad\u0131yla yeni\u00e7eri oca\u011f\u0131na al\u0131n\u0131rlard\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yeni\u00e7eri Oca\u011f\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

I. Murad D\u00f6nemi\u2019nde bizzat padi\u015fah\u0131n hizmetinde bulunacak daimi ve profesyonel bir ordu kuruldu (1362).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yeni\u00e7eri Oca\u011f\u0131, bar\u0131\u015f zamanlar\u0131nda Edirne\u2019de ve saray \u00e7evresinde dururdu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130stanbul\u2019un fethinden sonra \u0130stanbul\u2019da iki yeni\u00e7eri k\u0131\u015flas\u0131 yap\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130stanbul\u2019daki k\u0131\u015flalardan biri \u015eehzade Camisi civar\u0131nda, di\u011feri Aksaray taraf\u0131ndayd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yeni\u00e7eriler ba\u015flar\u0131na b\u00f6rk denilen \u00f6zel bir serpu\u015f giyer; silah olarak da ok, yay, k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7, han\u00e7er, balta; ate\u015fli silahlar\u0131n yay\u0131lmas\u0131ndan sonra ise t\u00fcfek kullan\u0131rlard\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yeni\u00e7eriler sava\u015fta padi\u015fah\u0131n yan\u0131nda ve merkezde sava\u015f\u0131rlar, \u00fc\u00e7 ayda bir \u201culufe\u201d denilen maa\u015f al\u0131rlar ve askerlikten ba\u015fka bir i\u015fte \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmazlard\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yeni\u00e7eri Oca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck komutan\u0131 \u201cYeni\u00e7eri a\u011fas\u0131yd\u0131. Yeni\u00e7eri a\u011fas\u0131 ocakla ilgili i\u015fleri g\u00f6rmek \u00fczere \u2018A\u011fa Div\u00e2n\u0131\u2019 ad\u0131 verilen bir divan kurar ve ocakla ilgili davalar\u0131 dinlerdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

GULAM S\u0130STEM\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu sistem Abbasiler ve Sel\u00e7uklular taraf\u0131ndan uygulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cGulam sistemi\u201d ad\u0131 verilen bu uygulamada, sava\u015f esirleri aras\u0131ndan se\u00e7ilenler ile baz\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerden toplanan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ya\u015ftaki \u00e7ocuklar, yeteneklerine g\u00f6re yeti\u015ftirilecekleri \u201cgulamhane\u201d denilen merkezlere getirilirlerdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Burada asker\u00ee konular\u0131n yan\u0131nda y\u00f6netim ve protokol kurallar\u0131 ile ilgili e\u011fitim de verilirdi. Gulamlar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funu T\u00fcrkler olu\u015ftururdu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Halifenin veya Sel\u00e7uklu sultanlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zel muhaf\u0131z ordusu olan gulamlar ayn\u0131 zamanda h\u00fck\u00fcmdarla birlikte sava\u015fa kat\u0131l\u0131r ve olas\u0131 ayaklanmalar\u0131n bast\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131nda aktif rol oynarlard\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gulam Sistemi ve Yeni\u00e7eri Oca\u011f\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nde, yeni\u00e7eri olacak adaylar\u0131n belirlenmesi gulam sistemine g\u00f6re daha planl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde yap\u0131ld\u0131. \u00d6yle ki dev\u015firilen \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n her t\u00fcrl\u00fc \u00f6zellikleri ve ki\u015fisel bilgilerini en ince ayr\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131na kadar devletin resm\u00ee kay\u0131tlar\u0131na ge\u00e7irildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00f6nemin \u015fartlar\u0131na g\u00f6re profesyonel bir asker\u00ee yap\u0131ya kavu\u015fturulan Yeni\u00e7eriler, Osmanl\u0131 merkez\u00ee devlet yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla da saltanat\u0131n devaml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lendirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Osmanl\u0131 Devleti, Yeni\u00e7eriler sayesinde profesyonel ve daimi bir ordu kurdu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Osmanl\u0131 Devleti, ayn\u0131 zamanda yeni\u00e7eriler sayesinde di\u011fer T\u00fcrk devletlerine ve Avrupa\u2019ya kar\u015f\u0131 asker\u00ee ve siyasi \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck sa\u011flad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

KAPIKULU S\u00dcVAR\u0130LER\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kap\u0131kulu s\u00fcvarileri, merkez ordusunun en itibarl\u0131 atl\u0131 birlikleriydi. \u0130lk zamanlarda buraya n\u00fcfuzlu devlet adamlar\u0131n\u0131n ve kumandanlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 al\u0131n\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130lk kez I. Murad D\u00f6nemi\u2019nde kurulan Kap\u0131kulu S\u00fcvarileri, sipahi ve silahtar ad\u0131yla iki b\u00f6l\u00fck \u015feklinde te\u015fkil edildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Daha sonralar\u0131 sa\u011f ve sol ulufeciler ile sa\u011f ve sol gariplerin de ilavesiyle Kap\u0131kulu s\u00fcvari b\u00f6l\u00fcklerinin say\u0131s\u0131 alt\u0131ya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 bu y\u00fczden bunlara Alt\u0131 B\u00f6l\u00fck de denildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kap\u0131kulu s\u00fcvarileri, sava\u015f ve seferlerde padi\u015fah\u0131 korur; padi\u015fah\u0131n silahlar\u0131n\u0131, Osmanl\u0131 sanca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve hazinesini ta\u015f\u0131rlard\u0131. Yeni\u00e7erilere g\u00f6re daha itibarl\u0131 bir konuma sahiplerdi.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Bu yaz\u0131m\u0131zda g\u00fcncel m\u00fcfredata g\u00f6re haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u00a010. s\u0131n\u0131f tarih dersi 3. \u00fcnitesi\u00a0olan\u00a0Devletle\u015fme S\u00fcrecinde Sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131lar ve Askerler\u00a0\u00fcnitesinin\u00a0\u00f6zet ders notlar\u0131n\u0131\u00a0payla\u015f\u0131yoruz.\u00a010. s\u0131n\u0131f tarih kitab\u0131 \u00f6zet pdf\u00a0ders notlar\u0131 sayesinde derslerde […]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1341,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_regular_price":[],"currency_symbol":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[161],"tags":[5,6],"class_list":["post-1800","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-10-sinif-tarih-ders-notlari","tag-10-sinif-tarih","tag-tarih-ders-notlari"],"post_slider_layout_featured_media_urls":{"thumbnail":["https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/10.SINIF-TARIH-NOTLAR-150x150.png",150,150,true],"post_slider_layout_landscape_large":["https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/10.SINIF-TARIH-NOTLAR-1200x720.png",1200,720,true],"post_slider_layout_portrait_large":["https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/10.SINIF-TARIH-NOTLAR-1200x720.png",1200,720,true],"post_slider_layout_square_large":["https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/10.SINIF-TARIH-NOTLAR-1200x720.png",1200,720,true],"post_slider_layout_landscape":["https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/10.SINIF-TARIH-NOTLAR-600x400.png",600,400,true],"post_slider_layout_portrait":["https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/10.SINIF-TARIH-NOTLAR-600x720.png",600,720,true],"post_slider_layout_square":["https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/10.SINIF-TARIH-NOTLAR-600x600.png",600,600,true],"full":["https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/10.SINIF-TARIH-NOTLAR.png",1280,720,false]},"yoast_head":"\n3. \u00dcnite Devletle\u015fme S\u00fcrecinde Sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131lar ve Askerler - 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