{"id":1807,"date":"2024-11-10T16:32:24","date_gmt":"2024-11-10T13:32:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/?p=1807"},"modified":"2024-11-10T16:32:25","modified_gmt":"2024-11-10T13:32:25","slug":"10-sinif-tarih-5-unite-dunya-gucu-osmanli-1453-1595","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/index.php\/2024\/11\/10\/10-sinif-tarih-5-unite-dunya-gucu-osmanli-1453-1595\/","title":{"rendered":"10. S\u0131n\u0131f Tarih 5. \u00dcnite D\u00fcnya G\u00fcc\u00fc Osmanl\u0131 (1453-1595)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Bu yaz\u0131m\u0131zda g\u00fcncel m\u00fcfredata g\u00f6re haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u00a010. s\u0131n\u0131f tarih dersi 5. \u00fcnitesi\u00a0<\/strong>olan\u00a0D\u00fcnya G\u00fcc\u00fc Osmanl\u0131<\/strong>\u00a0\u00fcnitesinin\u00a0\u00f6zet ders notlar\u0131n\u0131\u00a0<\/strong>payla\u015f\u0131yoruz.\u00a010. s\u0131n\u0131f tarih kitab\u0131 \u00f6zet pdf\u00a0<\/strong>ders notlar\u0131 sayesinde derslerde daha ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olacaks\u0131n\u0131z.\u00a0G\u00fcncel 10. s\u0131n\u0131f Tarih ders kitab\u0131na\u00a0<\/strong>uygun olarak haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u00a0D\u00fcnya G\u00fcc\u00fc Osmanl\u0131 (1453-1595) \u00f6zet notlar\u0131\u00a0<\/strong>a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki konular\u0131 kapsamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00fcnya G\u00fcc\u00fc Osmanl\u0131 (1453-1595) <\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Fatih Sultan Mehmed (II. Mehmed) (1451 \u2013 1481)<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1453 \u0130stanbul\u2019un fethi<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1454 S\u0131rbistan\u2019\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1459 Amasra\u2019n\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1460 Mora\u2019n\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1461 Sinop ve Trabzon\u2019un al\u0131nmas\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1462 Eflak\u2019\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1463- 1479 Venedik ile m\u00fccadele<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1473 Otlukbeli sava\u015f\u0131 (Akkoyunlu h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 Uzun Hasan yenildi. Akkoyunlu y\u0131k\u0131lma s\u00fcrecine girdi)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1474 Karakoyunlu Beyli\u011fi\u2019ne son verildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1475 K\u0131r\u0131m\u2019\u0131n fethi (Karadeniz T\u00fcrk g\u00f6l\u00fc oldu.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1476 Bo\u011fdan\u2019\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1479 Arnavutluk\u2019un al\u0131nmas\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1480 \u0130talya seferi<\/p>\n\n\n\n

II. Bayezid (1481 \u2013 1512)<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1481- 1495 Cem Sultan Olay\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1492 \u0130spanya\u2019daki Yahudilerin Osmanl\u0131 \u00fclkesine getirilmesi<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1511 Safeviler taraf\u0131ndan \u015eahkulu \u0130syan\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yavuz Sultan Selim (1512 \u2013 1520)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1514 \u00c7ald\u0131ran Muharebesi (Safevi h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 \u015eah \u0130smail)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1515 Turnada\u011f Muharebesi (Dulkadiro\u011fullar\u0131) Anadolu\u2019da T\u00fcrk birli\u011fi sa\u011fland\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1516 Mercidab\u0131k Muharebesi (Memlukler)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1517 Ridaniye Muharebesi (Memlukler) Halifelik Osmanl\u0131ya ge\u00e7ti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

FAT\u0130H SULTAN MEHMED (II. MEHMED) (1451 \u2013 1481)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130stanbul\u2019un Fethi<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sebepleri<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Anadolu\u2019dan Rumeli\u2019ye ya da Rumeli\u2019den Anadolu\u2019ya rahat\u00e7a kuvvet ge\u00e7irebilmek istemesi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n deniz ticaretini geli\u015ftirmek ve bo\u011fazlara h\u00e2kim olmak istemesi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n kuzey ve do\u011fu Avrupa\u2019dan gelen ticaret yollar\u0131 ile Karadeniz-Akdeniz aras\u0131ndaki su yollar\u0131n\u0131n denetimini ele ge\u00e7irmek istemesi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Katolik ve Ortodoks kilisesini birbirinden ay\u0131rarak Hristiyan \u00e2leminin birle\u015fmesini \u00f6nlemek istemesi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bizans \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun, Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n toprak b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc bozmas\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bizans’\u0131n Hristiyan Bat\u0131 \u00e2lemini Ha\u00e7l\u0131 Seferleri i\u00e7in tahrik etmesi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bizans\u2019\u0131n saltanat iddias\u0131nda bulunan Osmanl\u0131 \u015fehzadelerini koruyup destekleyerek devleti devaml\u0131 bir i\u00e7 sava\u015f tehdidi alt\u0131nda tutmas\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hz. Muhammed\u2019in \u0130stanbul\u2019un fethiyle ilgili hadisi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yap\u0131lan Haz\u0131rl\u0131klar<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1451\u2019de tahta \u00e7\u0131kan II. Mehmet, ilk olarak Karamano\u011fullar\u0131 ile anla\u015ft\u0131 ve Anadolu\u2019da g\u00fcvenli\u011fi sa\u011flad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Anadolu Hisar\u0131\u2019n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131na Rumeli Hisar\u0131\u2019n\u0131 (Bo\u011fazkesen) yapt\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u015eahi ad\u0131 verilen b\u00fcy\u00fck toplar d\u00f6kt\u00fcrd\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 Balkanlardan gelebilecek yard\u0131mlara kar\u015f\u0131 gerekli \u00f6nlemleri ald\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bizans\u2019\u0131n Ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00d6nlemler<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin faaliyetlerine kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k Bizans, Hali\u00e7\u2019in giri\u015fini kal\u0131n zincirlerle kapatt\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Surlar\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lendirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Papa ve Macarlardan yard\u0131m istedi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gregois (Rum Ate\u015fi) olarak isimlendirilen silahlar imal etmi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130stanbul\u2019un Fethi 29 May\u0131s 1453<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Osmanl\u0131 ordusu 6 Nisan 1453\u2019te \u0130stanbul\u2019u ku\u015fatt\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

20 Nisan\u2019da denizlerde m\u00fccadele ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ancak, Hali\u00e7\u2019in a\u011fz\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck zincirlerle kapat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 nedeniyle Osmanl\u0131 donanmas\u0131 Hali\u00e7\u2019e giremedi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bizans\u2019a yard\u0131ma gelen Venedik, Papal\u0131k ve Ceneviz gemileri Osmanl\u0131 donanmas\u0131n\u0131 yararak Hali\u00e7\u2019e girdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

II. Mehmet gemileri ya\u011fl\u0131 k\u0131zaklar \u00fczerinde, karadan (Kas\u0131mpa\u015fa s\u0131rtlar\u0131ndan) Hali\u00e7\u2019e indirtti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Karadan ve denizden sald\u0131r\u0131ya ge\u00e7en Osmanl\u0131 kuvvetleri, 54 g\u00fcn sonra 29 May\u0131s 1453 Sal\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fc \u0130stanbul\u2019u fethetti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fethin T\u00fcrk Tarihi A\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan Sonu\u00e7lar\u0131<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rum Ortodoks Patrikhanesinin devam\u0131na izin vererek y\u00f6netimi alt\u0131na ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 Ortodokslara din ve vicdan h\u00fcrriyeti tan\u0131d\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130stanbul, Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin ba\u015fkenti oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Asya ve Avrupa k\u0131talar\u0131n\u0131; Karadeniz ile Akdeniz\u2019i birbirine ba\u011flayan yollar\u0131n denetimi Osmanl\u0131lara ge\u00e7ti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin Anadolu ve Rumeli aras\u0131ndaki toprak b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc sa\u011fland\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

II. Mehmet Fatih ve Roma \u0130mparatoru anlam\u0131na gelen Kayser-i Rum unvanlar\u0131n\u0131 kullanmaya ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

II. Mehmet ayr\u0131ca Sultan\u00fc’l-Berreyn ve Hakan\u00fc’l-Bahreyn (\u0130ki karan\u0131n ve iki denizin Sultan\u0131) unvan\u0131n\u0131 da ald\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fethin D\u00fcnya Tarihi A\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan Sonu\u00e7lar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bizans \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu y\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130pek Yolu\u2019nun b\u00fcy\u00fck bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin eline ge\u00e7mesi Avrupal\u0131lar\u0131 yeni yollar\u0131n aray\u0131\u015f\u0131na y\u00f6neltti. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu olay co\u011frafi ke\u015fiflerin nedenlerinden birini olu\u015fturdu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u00fcy\u00fck toplarla en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc surlar\u0131n bile y\u0131k\u0131labilece\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc. Bu durum da Avrupa\u2019daki derebeyliklerin y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131na zemin haz\u0131rlad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fetihten sonra \u0130talya\u2019ya giden baz\u0131 bilim insanlar\u0131 R\u00f6nesans\u2019\u0131n ba\u015flamas\u0131na katk\u0131da bulundular.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fetih Orta \u00c7a\u011f\u2019\u0131n sonu, Yeni \u00c7a\u011f\u2019\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fetih Sonras\u0131 \u0130stanbul<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130stanbul k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede imar edilerek \u00e2deta devletin simgesi h\u00e2line geldi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Osmanl\u0131 Devleti \u0130stanbul\u2019a, \u0130slambol ve Dersaadet gibi adlar verdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bir s\u00fcre sonra Topkap\u0131 Saray\u0131 in\u015fa edildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kapal\u0131\u00e7ar\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u00e7ekirde\u011fi olan B\u00fcy\u00fck Bedesten\u2019in in\u015fas\u0131na ba\u015fland\u0131. ,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fatih yapt\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 caminin etraf\u0131nda Sahn-\u0131 Seman Medresesi\u2019ni, \u00e7ocuklar i\u00e7in bir mektep (d\u00e2r\u00fc\u2019t-t\u00e2lim) ve bir hastane in\u015fa ettirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Anadolu\u2019dan gelen T\u00fcrkmenlerin isk\u00e2n\u0131 ile \u0130stanbul T\u00fcrkle\u015ftirildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yerli Hristiyan halk\u0131n \u0130stanbul\u2019da kalmas\u0131 sa\u011flanarak \u0130stanbul, \u00f6nemli bir d\u00fcnya \u015fehri h\u00e2line getirildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fatih D\u00f6nemi Di\u011fer Geli\u015fmeler<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Amasra, Sinop, Trabzon ve K\u0131r\u0131m\u2019\u0131 fethederek<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Karadeniz\u2019i T\u00fcrk g\u00f6l\u00fc h\u00e2line getirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Karamano\u011fullar\u0131, Osmanl\u0131 topraklar\u0131na kat\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1473 y\u0131l\u0131nda Akkoyunlu H\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 Uzun Hasan ile yap\u0131lan Otlukbeli Sava\u015f\u0131 kazan\u0131ld\u0131. Akkoyunlu Devleti y\u0131k\u0131lma s\u00fcrecine girdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u0131rbistan, Mora Yar\u0131madas\u0131, Eflak-Bo\u011fdan, Bosna-Hersek, Arnavutluk ve Otranto\u2019da Osmanl\u0131 h\u00e2kimiyeti sa\u011fland\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ege, Akdeniz ve Karadeniz ticaret yollar\u0131na h\u00e2kim olmak isteyen Fatih Sultan Mehmet, Cenevizlilerden \u0130mroz, Ta\u015foz, Limni ve Bozcaada\u2019y\u0131, Venediklilerden Midilli ve E\u011friboz adalar\u0131n\u0131 ald\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

II. BAYEZ\u0130D (1481 \u2013 1512)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fatih\u2019in \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn ard\u0131ndan tahta ge\u00e7en II. Bayezid, saltanat\u0131n\u0131n ilk d\u00f6nemlerinde karde\u015fi \u015eehzade Cem\u2019in isyan\u0131yla m\u00fccadele etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u015eehzade Cem, II. Bayezid\u2019in padi\u015fahl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131mayarak Bursa\u2019y\u0131 i\u015fgal etmi\u015f ve burada h\u00fck\u00fcmdarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ilan etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Giri\u015fti\u011fi taht m\u00fccadelesini kaybeden Cem, Memluk Devletine s\u0131\u011f\u0131nm\u0131\u015f, sonra Rodos \u015e\u00f6valyeleri\u2019nin eline d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f, ard\u0131ndan Fransa\u2019ya ve papal\u0131\u011fa teslim edilmi\u015ftir. Cem burada \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u015eehzade Cem isyan\u0131 i\u00e7 sorun iken bir d\u0131\u015f sorun h\u00e2line gelmi\u015ftir. Bu sorun, Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin Bat\u0131l\u0131 devletlere kar\u015f\u0131 pasif politikalar izlemesinde etkili olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u015eahkulu \u0130syan\u0131 (1511)<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin do\u011fu s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131nda bulunan Safevi Devleti, kendine rakip olarak g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019ni \u015eiilik propagandas\u0131 yolu ile ele ge\u00e7irmek istiyordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu ama\u00e7la Safevi H\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 \u015eah \u0130smail, II. Bayezid D\u00f6nemi\u2019nde Antalya ve y\u00f6resinde \u015eahkulu \u0130syan\u0131\u2019n\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kartt\u0131 (1511).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130lk ba\u015flarda ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olan ayaklanma, daha sonra Osmanl\u0131 Devleti taraf\u0131ndan etkisiz h\u00e2le getirildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1512\u2019de tahta oturan Yavuz Sultan Selim ilk olarak Safeviler \u00fczerine y\u00fcr\u00fcmeye karar verdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

YAVUZ SULTAN SEL\u0130M (1512 \u2013 1520)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7ald\u0131ran Sava\u015f\u0131 (1514)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Safevi ordusu bozguna u\u011frad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sava\u015f sonucunda Tebriz, Musul, Kerk\u00fck ve Erbil Osmanl\u0131 topraklar\u0131na kat\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tebriz, Halep ve Bursa \u0130pek Yolu\u2019nun da h\u00e2kimiyeti Osmanl\u0131lara ge\u00e7ti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Anadolu\u2019daki Safevi tehlikesi k\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1515 Turnada\u011f Sava\u015f\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yavuz Sultan Selim, \u00c7ald\u0131ran\u2019dan d\u00f6nerken Sinan Pa\u015fa komutas\u0131ndaki bir orduyu Dulkadiro\u011fullar\u0131 <\/a>Beyli\u011fi \u00fczerine yollad\u0131.  Sava\u015f sonras\u0131 Dulkadiro\u011fullar\u0131 Osmanl\u0131 h\u00e2kimiyetine girdi<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu durum Osmanl\u0131-Meml\u00fbklu ili\u015fkilerinin iyice gerilmesine neden oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Osmanl\u0131- Meml\u00fbklu \u0130li\u015fkileri<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin Meml\u00fbklular \u00fczerine sefer d\u00fczenlemesinde;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fatih D\u00f6nemi\u2019nde tamir ettirilmek istenen Hicaz su yollar\u0131na Meml\u00fbklular\u0131n izin vermemesi,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Baharat Yolu\u2019nun denetimini ele ge\u00e7irerek ekonomik y\u00f6nden g\u00fc\u00e7lenmek,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcrk \u0130slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n tek lideri olmak,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Halifelik makam\u0131n\u0131n ve kutsal yerlerin denetimini Meml\u00fbklulardan almak istemesi gibi sebepler etkili olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mercidab\u0131k Sava\u015f\u0131 (1516)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yavuz Sultan Selim ile Meml\u00fbklu Sultan\u0131 Kansu Gavri Halep ile Kilis aras\u0131ndaki Mercidab\u0131k Ovas\u0131\u2019nda kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131 (1516).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sava\u015f\u0131 Osmanl\u0131 Devleti kazand\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Meml\u00fbklu H\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 Kansu Gavri sava\u015f alan\u0131nda \u00f6ld\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mercidab\u0131k Sava\u015f\u0131 sonunda Suriye Osmanl\u0131 topraklar\u0131na kat\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ridaniye Sava\u015f\u0131 (1517):<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yavuz, Sina \u00c7\u00f6l\u00fc\u2019n\u00fc ge\u00e7erek Kahire yak\u0131nlar\u0131nda M\u0131s\u0131r ordusu ile yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 Ridaniye Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131 kazand\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u00f6ylece Meml\u00fbklu Devleti\u2019ne son verildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u0131s\u0131r Seferi\u2019nin Sonu\u00e7lar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Meml\u00fbklu Devleti y\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Suriye, Filistin, L\u00fcbnan, M\u0131s\u0131r ve Hicaz b\u00f6lgeleri Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019ne kat\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Do\u011fu Akdeniz\u2019den ge\u00e7en Baharat Yolu Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin denetimine girdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Halifelik Osmanl\u0131lara ge\u00e7ti ve Osmanl\u0131 Devleti \u0130slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n lideri oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Venedikliler, K\u0131br\u0131s Adas\u0131 i\u00e7in Meml\u00fbklara \u00f6dedikleri vergiyi bundan sonra Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019ne \u00f6demeye ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yavuz Sultan Selim D\u00f6neminin Sonu<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u0131s\u0131r Seferi sonucunda \u0130stanbul\u2019a d\u00f6nen Yavuz Sultan Selim bir s\u00fcre sonra rahats\u0131zland\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

22 Eyl\u00fcl 1520\u2019de, \u015firpen\u00e7e denen bir \u00e7\u0131ban y\u00fcz\u00fcnden hen\u00fcz elli ya\u015f\u0131nda iken vefat etti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tarih\u00e7iler, Yavuz Sultan Selim\u2019i, sekiz y\u0131la seksen y\u0131ll\u0131k i\u015f s\u0131\u011fd\u0131rm\u0131\u015f b\u00fcy\u00fck bir padi\u015fah olarak de\u011ferlendirirler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kanun\u00ee Sultan S\u00fcleyman (1520 \u2013 1566)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1521 Belgrad\u2019\u0131n Fethi<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1522 Rodos\u2019un Fethi<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1526 Moha\u00e7 Muharebesi (Macaristan yenilgiye u\u011frad\u0131)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1526 Bab\u00fcr \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun kurulmas\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1529 Barbaros Hayrettin\u2019in Cezayir\u2019e h\u00e2kim olmas\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1529 I. Viyana Ku\u015fatmas\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1533 \u0130stanbul Antla\u015fmas\u0131 (Avusturya imparatoru Osmanl\u0131 sadrazam\u0131na denk)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1533 Cezayir\u2019in al\u0131nmas\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1534 Irakeyn Muharebesi (Ba\u011fdat Safeviler\u2019den al\u0131nd\u0131)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1538 Preveze Deniz Sava\u015f\u0131 (Akdeniz T\u00fcrk g\u00f6l\u00fc oldu)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1538-1553 Hint Deniz Seferleri<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1551 Trablusgarp\u2019\u0131n Fethi<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1548 Tebriz\u2019in al\u0131nmas\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1553 Nah\u00e7\u0131van\u2019\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1555 Amasya Antla\u015fmas\u0131 (\u0130lk Osmanl\u0131 Safevi Antla\u015fmas\u0131)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1555 Sudan\u2019\u0131n K\u0131z\u0131ldeniz sahilinde Sev\u00e2kin Adas\u0131 merkezli Habe\u015f Eyaleti’nin kurulmas\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1555 Augsburg Bar\u0131\u015f\u0131 (Protestanlar\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kabul eden ilk kal\u0131c\u0131 yasal d\u00fczenleme)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1560 Cerbe Deniz Sava\u015f\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1566 Zigetvar Seferi (Kanuni\u2019nin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

II. Selim (1566 \u2013 1574)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1566 Sak\u0131z Adas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1568 Yemen\u2019in al\u0131nmas\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1571 K\u0131br\u0131s\u2019\u0131n Fethi (Venedik\u2019ten al\u0131nd\u0131)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1571 \u0130nebaht\u0131 Deniz Sava\u015f\u0131 (Ha\u00e7l\u0131lar Osmanl\u0131 donanmas\u0131n\u0131 yakt\u0131)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1574 Tunus\u2019un Fethi<\/p>\n\n\n\n

III. Murad (1574 \u2013 1595)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1578 Fas\u2019ta Osmanl\u0131 h\u00e2kimiyetinin kurulmas\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1590 Ferhat Pa\u015fa Antla\u015fmas\u0131 (Safevilerle imzaland\u0131. Do\u011fuda en geni\u015f s\u0131n\u0131rlara ula\u015f\u0131ld\u0131)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

KANUN\u0130 SULTAN S\u00dcLEYMAN (1520- 1566)<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yavuz Sultan Selim\u2019in vefat\u0131ndan sonra yerine, taht\u0131n tek varisi olan I. S\u00fcleyman ge\u00e7ti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Osmanl\u0131lar\u0131n Kanuni, Avrupal\u0131lar\u0131n ise Muhte\u015fem s\u0131fat\u0131n\u0131 verdikleri I. S\u00fcleyman, 46 y\u0131l padi\u015fahl\u0131k yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Osmanl\u0131\u2019da en uzun s\u00fcre padi\u015fahl\u0131k yapan ki\u015fidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yavuz Sultan Selim h\u00fck\u00fcmdarl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda en zengin d\u00f6nemini ya\u015fayan Osmanl\u0131 hazinesi, Kanuni D\u00f6nemi\u2019nde uzun s\u00fcren seferler y\u00fcz\u00fcnden ilk kez a\u00e7\u0131k verdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

XVI. Y\u00dcZYILDA OSMANLI- HABSBURG M\u00dcCADELES\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

XVI. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin Do\u011fu ve Orta Avrupa\u2019daki en b\u00fcy\u00fck rakibi Avusturya oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Avusturya Kral\u0131 Ferdinand, Roma-Germen \u0130mparatoru \u015earlken\u2019in ayn\u0131 zamanda karde\u015fi idi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu durumdan cesaret alarak Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin Avrupa\u2019da ilerlemesine kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kanuni, ilk olarak Orta Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n giri\u015f kap\u0131s\u0131 niteli\u011finde olan Belgrad\u2019\u0131 1521 y\u0131l\u0131nda fethederek \u00f6nemli bir \u00fcs merkezi edindi ve Macaristan ile s\u0131n\u0131r oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1526 Moha\u00e7 Meydan Sava\u015f\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fransa ile Habsburg \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu aras\u0131nda yap\u0131lan sava\u015fta, Fransa Kral\u0131 I. Fransuva, Alman \u0130mparatoru \u015earlken\u2019e esir d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I. Fransuva\u2019n\u0131n annesi Kanuni\u2019den yard\u0131m istedi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kanuni Fransa kral\u0131n\u0131 esaretten kurtarmak ve Almanya\u2019n\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck m\u00fcttefiklerinden olan Macarlar\u0131 saf d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rakmak amac\u0131yla Macaristan \u00fczerine y\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1526 Moha\u00e7 Sava\u015f\u0131 sonras\u0131nda Macar Kral\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1533 \u0130stanbul Antla\u015fmas\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Osmanl\u0131 Devleti, 1529\u2019da Viyana\u2019y\u0131 ku\u015fatsa da bir sonu\u00e7 elde edemedi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu olaydan sonra Ferdinand yeniden Macar topraklar\u0131na sald\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu durum kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131 Devleti, Almanya seferini ba\u015flatarak hem Ferdinand\u2019a hem de \u015earlken\u2019e iyi bir ders vermek istedi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ancak Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131na hi\u00e7bir g\u00fc\u00e7 \u00e7\u0131kmaya cesaret edemedi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Avusturya ile Osmanl\u0131 aras\u0131nda 1533 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130stanbul Antla\u015fmas\u0131 yap\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Antla\u015fma\u2019ya g\u00f6re:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Avusturya ar\u015fid\u00fck\u00fc, protokol bak\u0131m\u0131ndan Osmanl\u0131 sadrazam\u0131na denk say\u0131lacakt\u0131r<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ferdinand, Macaristan \u00fczerinde hak iddia etmeyecek ve elinde bulundurdu\u011fu Macar topraklar\u0131 i\u00e7in Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019ne vergi \u00f6deyecektir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1541 y\u0131l\u0131nda Kanuni, Macaristan\u2019\u0131 do\u011frudan Osmanl\u0131 topraklar\u0131na katt\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Osmanl\u0131 Devleti, Habsburg \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019na kar\u015f\u0131 Almanya\u2019da patlak veren mezhep sava\u015flar\u0131nda Protestanlara da destek vererek Avrupa\u2019daki mezhep sava\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 k\u00f6r\u00fckledi. B\u00f6ylece Habsburg \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nu siyasi ve asker\u00ee y\u00f6nler d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda din\u00ee y\u00f6nden de zay\u0131flatmak istedi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1555 Amasya Antla\u015fmas\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Safevi H\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 \u015eah \u0130smail vefat\u0131ndan sonra yerine ge\u00e7en o\u011flu \u015eah Tahmasb da \u015eii propagandalar\u0131 yaparak Anadolu\u2019da kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k \u00e7\u0131karmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Osmanl\u0131 Devleti aleyhine Venedik ve Avusturya ile anla\u015fma yapt\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu geli\u015fmeler \u00fczerine Kanuni 1534, 1548 ve 1553\u2019te \u0130ran \u00fczerine \u00fc\u00e7 sefer d\u00fczenledi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1555\u2019te iki \u00fclke aras\u0131nda \u201cAmasya Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u201d yap\u0131ld\u0131. Antla\u015fmaya g\u00f6re;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Osmanl\u0131 Devleti ile \u0130ran aras\u0131ndaki ilk resm\u00ee antla\u015fmad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tebriz, Erivan, Ba\u011fdat, Irak ve Do\u011fu Anadolu Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019ne b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

OSMANLI\u2019NIN EKONOM\u0130 POL\u0130T\u0130KALARI<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Osmanl\u0131lar ilk olarak 1352\u2019de Rumeli\u2019ye ge\u00e7tikten sonra Venedik ve Cenoval\u0131lara siyasi ve ticari ama\u00e7l\u0131 kapit\u00fclasyonlar verdiler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu kapit\u00fclasyonlar \u00c7elebi Mehmet, II. Murad ve Fatih taraf\u0131ndan da devam ettirildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fatih Sultan Mehmet, Venediklilerle uzun vadeli ticaret yapmak amac\u0131yla kendilerine, \u0130stanbul\u2019da balyos (el\u00e7i) bulundurma hakk\u0131 verdi ve birtak\u0131m g\u00fcmr\u00fck kolayl\u0131klar\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fatih, bunu yaparak hem b\u00f6lge ticaretini canl\u0131 tutmay\u0131 hem de Bat\u0131\u2019n\u0131n en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc denizci t\u00fcccar devletinin g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc yan\u0131na \u00e7ekip onu, Avrupa Hristiyan birli\u011finden ay\u0131rmay\u0131 ama\u00e7lad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yavuz Sultan Selim M\u0131s\u0131r seferi sonras\u0131 Memluklular taraf\u0131ndan Venedik, Katalan ve Frans\u0131zlara verilen kapit\u00fclasyonlar\u0131 devam ettirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Frans\u0131zlara ger\u00e7ek manada Kapit\u00fclasyonlar Kanuni d\u00f6nemi sonras\u0131 ancak 1569 tarihinde verildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Osmanl\u0131-Frans\u0131z \u0130li\u015fkileri ve Kapit\u00fclasyonlar<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin \u201c\u0130mtiyaz-\u0131 Mahsusa\u201d, Frans\u0131zlar\u0131n \u201ckapit\u00fclasyon\u201d dedikleri ayr\u0131cal\u0131klara g\u00f6re;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fransa, Akdeniz\u2019de d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck g\u00fcmr\u00fck vergisi \u00f6deyerek serbest\u00e7e ticaret yapabilecektir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Frans\u0131zlara ait ticari ve hukuki davalara \u0130stanbul\u2019a g\u00f6nderilen bir yarg\u0131\u00e7 bakacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Antla\u015fma her iki h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131n hayatta kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcrece ge\u00e7erli olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

XV VE XVI. Y\u00dcZYIL OSMANLI S\u0130YASET\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Osmanl\u0131 Devleti de Roma Katolik Kilisesini Hristiyan d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda yaln\u0131z b\u0131rakmak ve Avrupa Hristiyan birli\u011fini par\u00e7alamak amac\u0131yla \u00e7e\u015fitli tedbirler ald\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Osmanl\u0131 Devleti kurulu\u015f D\u00f6nemi\u2019nden izlemi\u015f oldu\u011fu adaletli ve ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fc politika sayesinde Balkan halk\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcvenini kazand\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fatih Sultan Mehmet, \u0130stanbul\u2019u fethettikten sonra \u015fehirdeki t\u00fcm gayrim\u00fcslimlere inan\u00e7 ve ibadet \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc tan\u0131d\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Katolik Roma Kilisesine kar\u015f\u0131, Ortodokslar\u0131 himaye edecek Hristiyan birli\u011fini bozmay\u0131 ama\u00e7lad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kanuni, Reform hareketlerinin Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin yarar\u0131na oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc. Luther\u2019e ve Protestanlara destek verdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Reform Hareketleri <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

XVI. y\u00fczy\u0131l ba\u015flar\u0131ndan itibaren Avrupa\u2019da Katolik Kilisesinin a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 zenginle\u015fmesi, yozla\u015fmas\u0131, siyasetle ve d\u00fcnyevi etkinliklerle daha fazla ilgilenmeye ba\u015flamas\u0131 bir\u00e7ok din adam\u0131 ve halk\u0131n tepkisine yol a\u00e7t\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu durum ba\u015fta Almanya olmak \u00fczere Fransa, \u0130ngiltere ve Kuzey Avrupa \u00fclkelerine yay\u0131lan Reform hareketlerine neden oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Almanya\u2019da Reform hareketlerinin \u00f6nc\u00fcs\u00fc, ilahiyat\u00e7\u0131 Martin Luther oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lutherciler\u2019in ayaklanmalar\u0131ndan endi\u015felenen Alman \u0130mparatoru \u015earlken, Reform Hareketlerinin yay\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerlerde kalmas\u0131na dair bir karar \u00e7\u0131kartt\u0131 (1529).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u015earlken\u2019in bu karar\u0131n\u0131 be\u015f Alman prensi ve on d\u00f6rt \u015fehir protesto etti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu y\u00fczden Luther taraftarlar\u0131na \u201cProtestan\u201d ad\u0131 verildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u015earlken ve Luther taraftarlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda yirmi be\u015f y\u0131l s\u00fcren sava\u015flar oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu sava\u015flar sonunda \u201cAugsburg Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u201d ile Protestanlara inan\u00e7 serbestli\u011fi tan\u0131nd\u0131 (1555).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Reform Hareketleri sonucunda Avrupa\u2019da mezhep birli\u011finin bozulmas\u0131, Otuz Y\u0131l Sava\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flamas\u0131na neden oldu (1618-1648).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1648 Vestfalya Antla\u015fmas\u0131 ile sava\u015f sona erdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sava\u015f sonras\u0131nda Almanya zay\u0131flad\u0131, Fransa g\u00fc\u00e7lendi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130ngiltere\u2019de ise I. Elizabeth (Elizabet) mutlak monar\u015fi anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 \u00fclkesinde daha da g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Reform Hareketleri ve Osmanl\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Reform hareketleri Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nde etkili olamad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Osmanl\u0131 topraklar\u0131nda ya\u015fayan Hristiyanlar, din ve vicdan \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne sahiplerdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Osmanl\u0131 Devleti, Avrupa\u2019daki Reform hareketleriyle siyasi a\u00e7\u0131dan ilgilendi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00f6nemin h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 Kanuni, Luther\u2019e ve Protestanlara destek verdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Avrupa\u2019daki kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131klardan faydalanarak Viyana \u00f6nlerine kadar ilerledi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin Kuzey Afrika Politikas\u0131<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin Kuzey Afrika\u2019daki h\u00e2kimiyeti 1517\u2019de M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019\u0131n fethiyle ba\u015flad\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Oru\u00e7 Reis\u2019in \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra Kanuni D\u00f6nemi\u2019nde Osmanl\u0131lar\u0131n hizmetine giren H\u0131z\u0131r Reis (Barbaros Hayrettin Pa\u015fa), Cezayir\u2019i Osmanl\u0131 topraklar\u0131na katt\u0131 (1529)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Barbaros\u2019un \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra yerine Turgut Reis ge\u00e7ti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turgut Reis, Saint Jean (Sen Jan) \u015f\u00f6valyelerinin denetiminde olan Trablusgarp\u2019\u0131 (1551), bir s\u00fcre sonra da Tunus\u2019u (1574) alarak Osmanl\u0131 topraklar\u0131na katt\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

AKDEN\u0130Z\u2019DE OSMANLI H\u00c2K\u0130M\u0130YET\u0130N\u0130N KURULMASI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Osmanl\u0131 donanmas\u0131n\u0131n temeli, daha \u00f6nce sahil b\u00f6lgelerinde kurulan Karesio\u011fullar\u0131, Ayd\u0131no\u011fullar\u0131, Candaro\u011fullar\u0131, Saruhano\u011fullar\u0131 ve Mente\u015feo\u011fullar\u0131 beyliklerinin Osmanli h\u00e2kimiyetine girmesiyle te\u015fekk\u00fcl etti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I. Bayezid (Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m) Gelibolu\u2019da yeni bir tersane in\u015fa ettirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I. Mehmet (\u00c7elebi) D\u00f6nemi\u2019nde, ilk Osmanl\u0131 deniz sava\u015f\u0131 Venediklilerle yap\u0131ld\u0131 ancak kaybedildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

II. Mehmet (Fatih), \u0130stanbul\u2019un fethi i\u00e7in yakla\u015f\u0131k 400 gemiden olu\u015fan bir deniz g\u00fcc\u00fc meydana getirildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Olu\u015fturulan bu g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc donanma sadece \u0130stanbul\u2019un fethinde kullan\u0131lmad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trabzon \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019na son verilmesi (1461), K\u0131r\u0131m ve Kefe\u2019nin fethedilmesinde (1475) donanma g\u00fcc\u00fcnden faydalan\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu geli\u015fmeler sonucunda XV. Y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda Karadeniz adeta bir T\u00fcrk g\u00f6l\u00fc h\u00e2line geldi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

II. Bayezid D\u00f6neminde, her bak\u0131mdan geli\u015fme g\u00f6steren Osmanl\u0131 donanmas\u0131, Avrupa devletlerinin deniz g\u00fcc\u00fcyle rekabet edebilecek seviyeye ula\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yeni tekniklerle \u00fcretilen kad\u0131rga ve kalyonlar Osmanl\u0131 donanmas\u0131na denizlerde b\u00fcy\u00fck bir avantaj sa\u011flad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kili ve Akkerman\u2019\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131yla Karadeniz\u2019de; Modon, Koron, Navarin ve \u0130nebaht\u0131\u2019n\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131yla da Akdeniz\u2019de Osmanl\u0131 h\u00e2kimiyeti iyice g\u00fc\u00e7lendi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hali\u00e7\u2019teki tersane, Yavuz Sultan Selim D\u00f6nemi\u2019nde Galata\u2019dan Ka\u011f\u0131thane\u2019ye kadar geni\u015fletildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u00f6ylelikle Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131na kadar donanman\u0131n merkez \u00fcss\u00fc olacak Hali\u00e7 Tersanesi yani \u201cTersane-i Amire\u201d kurulmu\u015f oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kanuni Sultan S\u00fcleyman D\u00f6nemi\u2019nde ise Osmanl\u0131 donanmas\u0131 alt\u0131n \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ya\u015fad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Osmanl\u0131 Devleti, k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede Do\u011fu Akdeniz ve Kuzey Afrika\u2019n\u0131n tamam\u0131na h\u00e2kim oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

CO\u011eRAF\u0130 KE\u015e\u0130FLER<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin zamanla, \u0130pek ve Baharat yollar\u0131n\u0131n denetimini ele ge\u00e7irmesi <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Akdeniz\u2019de her ge\u00e7en g\u00fcn h\u00e2kimiyet alan\u0131n\u0131 geni\u015fletmesi, Avrupal\u0131 devletleri yeni ticaret yollar\u0131 aramaya sevk etti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6zellikle \u0130spanya ve Portekiz krallar\u0131ndan ald\u0131klar\u0131 destekle bir\u00e7ok denizci a\u00e7\u0131k denizlere \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu durum Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n kaderini de\u011fi\u015ftirecek Co\u011frafi Ke\u015fifler\u2019in ba\u015flamas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Co\u011frafi Ke\u015fiflerin Sebepleri<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pusulan\u0131n geli\u015ftirilmesi ve sa\u011flam gemilerin yap\u0131lmas\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Co\u011frafya bilgisinin artmas\u0131 ve cesur gemicilerin yeti\u015fmesi<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Avrupal\u0131lar\u0131n Do\u011fu\u2019nun zenginli\u011fine ula\u015fmak iste\u011fi<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Avrupa d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda yayma d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130pek ve Baharat gibi ticaret yollar\u0131n\u0131n T\u00fcrklerin denetiminde olmas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 Avrupal\u0131lar\u0131n \u00c7in ve Hindistan\u2019a giden ba\u015fka yollar bulma arzusu<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Co\u011frafi Ke\u015fiflerin Sonu\u00e7lar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Amerika, Avustralya ve Afrika\u2019n\u0131n bilinmeyen b\u00f6lgeleri ile yeni yerler ve k\u0131talar ke\u015ffedildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ke\u015ffedilen b\u00f6lgelerde \u0130spanyollar ve Portekizliler koloniler kurarak s\u00f6m\u00fcrge b\u00f6lgeleri olu\u015fturdular.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu b\u00f6lgelerdeki insanlar\u0131 k\u00f6le ticaretinde kulland\u0131lar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ticaret yollar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fczerg\u00e2h\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Akdeniz limanlar\u0131 \u00f6nemini kaybederken Atlas Okyanusu \u00fczerindeki limanlar [Lizbon, Bordeaux (Bordo), Anvers, Roterdam…] de\u011fer kazand\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Avrupa\u2019ya bol miktarda alt\u0131n ve g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f getirildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u00f6ylece Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n ekonomisi g\u00fc\u00e7lendi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ticaretle u\u011fra\u015fan burjuva s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 zenginle\u015fti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Co\u011frafi Ke\u015fifler sonucu yeni bitki, sebze ve meyve t\u00fcrleri de ke\u015ffedildi. T\u00fct\u00fcn, pamuk, patates, domates, kakao gibi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u0131ristyanl\u0131k ke\u015ffedilen b\u00f6lgelerde yay\u0131lma imk\u00e2n\u0131 buldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00fcnya\u2019n\u0131n yuvarlak oldu\u011funun anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00f6zellikle Katolik Kilisesinin birtak\u0131m \u00f6\u011fretilerini derinden sarst\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu durum kilise ve din adamlar\u0131na olan inanc\u0131n sorgulanmas\u0131na neden oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Co\u011frafi Ke\u015fiflerin Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019ne Etkileri<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Co\u011frafi Ke\u015fifler sonucunda ticaret yollar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00f6n de\u011fi\u015ftirmesi, Osmanl\u0131 \u00fclkesinden ge\u00e7en \u0130pek ve Baharat yollar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemini azaltt\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Atlas Okyanusu\u2019ndaki limanlar \u00f6nem kazan\u0131rken Akdeniz limanlar\u0131 \u00f6nemini kaybetti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu durum Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin g\u00fcmr\u00fck gelirlerinde azalmaya, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla da ekonomisinde gerilemeye neden oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130pek Yolu \u00fczerinde bulunan bir\u00e7ok T\u00fcrk hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ekonomik y\u00f6nden zay\u0131flayarak zamanla Ruslar\u0131n denetimine girdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ke\u015ffedilen b\u00f6lgelerden Avrupa\u2019ya ta\u015f\u0131nan de\u011ferli madenlerin (alt\u0131n, g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f) zamanla Osmanl\u0131 \u00fclkesine girmesi, Osmanl\u0131 para birimi olan ak\u00e7enin de\u011fer kaybetmesine yol a\u00e7t\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu durum e\u015fya ve mal fiyatlar\u0131n\u0131n artmas\u0131na (enflasyon) neden oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u0130NT DEN\u0130Z SEFERLER\u0130 (1538-1553)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Co\u011frafi Ke\u015fifler sonucu Hint deniz yolunun bulunmas\u0131ndan sonra Portekizler Hint ticaret yollar\u0131n\u0131 denetimlerine ald\u0131lar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Osmanl\u0131 Devleti, gerek bu b\u00f6lgelerdeki M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlara yard\u0131m etmek gerekse Portekizleri b\u00f6lgeden uzakla\u015ft\u0131rmak amac\u0131yla Hindistan\u2019a d\u00f6rt sefer d\u00fczenledi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu seferler, Had\u0131m S\u00fcleyman Pa\u015fa (1538), Piri Reis (1551), Murat Reis (1552) ve \u015eeydi Ali Reis (1553) taraf\u0131ndan ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ancak bu seferlerden bir netice elde edilmedi. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin b\u00f6lgenin \u00f6nemini tam olarak kavrayamamas\u0131,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Osmanl\u0131 gemilerinin a\u00e7\u0131k denizlere dayan\u0131kl\u0131 olmamas\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u00f6lge halk\u0131n\u0131n tam destek vermemesi etkili oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sadrazam Sokullu Mehmet Pa\u015fa, Osmanl\u0131 donanmas\u0131n\u0131 Akdeniz\u2019den Hint Okyanusu\u2019na ge\u00e7irebilmek i\u00e7in \u201cS\u00fcvey\u015f Kanal\u0131 Projesi\u201dni hayata ge\u00e7irmek istedi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu proje ile Akdeniz ve K\u0131z\u0131ldeniz\u2019i bir kanalla birle\u015ftirmeyi ama\u00e7lad\u0131. B\u00f6ylece Co\u011frafi Ke\u015fifler y\u00fcz\u00fcnden \u00f6nemini kaybeden Akdeniz limanlar\u0131 yeniden canlanabilecekti. Ancak bu proje hayata ge\u00e7irilemedi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hint Deniz Seferleri olduk\u00e7a b\u00fcy\u00fck zorluklarla yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, Osmanl\u0131 devletini ekonomik a\u00e7\u0131dan da olumsuz etkiledi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ATLANT\u0130K \u00dcLKELER\u0130N\u0130N AKDEN\u0130Z\u2019E N\u00dcFUZ ETME \u00c7ABALARI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

XVI. y\u00fczy\u0131l yo\u011fun olarak Osmanl\u0131 Devleti ile Atlantik \u00fclkeleri (\u0130spanya, Portekiz, \u0130ngiltere, Hollanda)  aras\u0131nda Akdeniz\u2019e h\u00e2kim olma m\u00fccadelesi i\u00e7erisinde ge\u00e7ti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Osmanl\u0131-\u0130spanya rekabetinde en \u00f6nemli konulardan biri Orta Akdeniz\u2019de jeopolitik konumuyla dikkat \u00e7eken Tunus oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Osmanl\u0131 Devleti, Barbaros Hayrettin Pa\u015fa komutas\u0131nda Tunus\u2019u ele ge\u00e7irdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu durum kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda \u0130spanya\u2019n\u0131n destekledi\u011fi Andrea Dorya komutas\u0131nda bir Ha\u00e7l\u0131 donanmas\u0131 olu\u015fturuldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

28 Eyl\u00fcl 1538\u2019de yap\u0131lan Preveze Deniz Sava\u015f\u0131 ile Ha\u00e7l\u0131 donanmas\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck bir bozguna u\u011frat\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcrk denizcilik tarihinin bu en b\u00fcy\u00fck zaferi sonras\u0131nda Akdeniz\u2019deki \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019ne ge\u00e7ti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130spanyollar\u0131n elinde bulunan Cerbe Adas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n fethedilmesi Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin Akdeniz\u2019deki h\u00e2kimiyeti daha da g\u00fc\u00e7lendi (1560).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

II. Selim D\u00f6nemi\u2019nde Kaptan\u0131derya Lala Mustafa Pa\u015fa, Venediklerin elinde bulunan K\u0131br\u0131s\u2019\u0131, ele ge\u00e7irdi (1571).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u0131br\u0131s\u2019\u0131n fethedilmesi sonras\u0131 \u0130spanya, Portekiz, Venedik gibi \u00fclkelerden olu\u015fan yeni bir Ha\u00e7l\u0131 donanmas\u0131 olu\u015fturdular.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130nebaht\u0131 mevkinde yap\u0131lan sava\u015fta yakla\u015f\u0131k \u00fc\u00e7 y\u00fcz par\u00e7al\u0131k Osmanl\u0131 donanmas\u0131n\u0131 yakt\u0131lar (1571).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Osmanl\u0131 Devleti ile \u0130spanya aras\u0131nda Tunus \u00fczerinde h\u00e2kimiyet kurma m\u00fccadelesi yakla\u015f\u0131k k\u0131rk y\u0131l s\u00fcrd\u00fc.  Ancak bu m\u00fccadele Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin Tunus\u2019a h\u00e2kim olmas\u0131yla sonu\u00e7land\u0131 (1574).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Osmanl\u0131 Devleti ile Portekiz aras\u0131nda ya\u015fanan Akdeniz\u2019e h\u00e2kim olma m\u00fccadelesi zamanla Atlas ve Hint Okyanusu\u2019nda da devam etti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 Kuzey Afrika\u2019n\u0131n en bat\u0131s\u0131nda yer alan Fas\u2019taki h\u00e2kimiyeti i\u00e7in yap\u0131lan ve tarihte \u201cVadi\u00fc\u2019s- Seyl Sava\u015f\u0131\u201d olarak bilinen sava\u015fta Portekiz donanmalar\u0131 a\u011f\u0131r bir darbe ald\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Portekiz Kral\u0131 da bu sava\u015fta hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti (1576).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu sava\u015ftan sonra Portekiz, Akdeniz ve di\u011fer b\u00f6lgelerdeki s\u00f6m\u00fcrgelerini kaybederek s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilik rekabetinde geri plana d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hollanda, XVI. y\u00fczy\u0131la kadar \u0130spanya\u2019n\u0131n h\u00e2kimiyeti alt\u0131nda bulunuyordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130spanya\u2019n\u0131n zay\u0131flamas\u0131 sonras\u0131 Hollanda, \u0130spanya\u2019dan ayr\u0131larak ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir konuma geldi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

XVI. y\u00fczy\u0131l sonlar\u0131 ve XVII. y\u00fczy\u0131l ba\u015flar\u0131ndan itibaren Osmanl\u0131 Devleti ile iyi ili\u015fkiler kurmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu sayede birtak\u0131m ekonomik imtiyazlar kazanarak Akdeniz\u2019de etkinli\u011fini artt\u0131rmak istedi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130ngiltere, XVI. y\u00fczy\u0131l ortalar\u0131ndan itibaren b\u00fcy\u00fck bir donanma g\u00fcc\u00fcne sahip oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

XVII. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan itibaren s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilik faaliyetlerinde en b\u00fcy\u00fck rakipleri olan \u0130spanya, Portekiz ve Fransa\u2019y\u0131 saf d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rakarak \u00e2deta tek ba\u015f\u0131na yol ald\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130ngiltere \u201c\u00dczerinde G\u00fcne\u015f Batmayan \u0130mparatorluk\u201d haline geldi.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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