{"id":1835,"date":"2024-11-11T15:30:15","date_gmt":"2024-11-11T12:30:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/?p=1835"},"modified":"2024-11-11T15:30:17","modified_gmt":"2024-11-11T12:30:17","slug":"inkilap-tarihi-8-unite-21-yuzyilin-esiginde-turkiye-ve-dunya","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/index.php\/2024\/11\/11\/inkilap-tarihi-8-unite-21-yuzyilin-esiginde-turkiye-ve-dunya\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0130nk\u0131lap Tarihi 8. \u00dcnite\u00a021. Y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n E\u015fi\u011finde T\u00fcrkiye ve D\u00fcnya"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Bu yaz\u0131m\u0131zda g\u00fcncel m\u00fcfredata g\u00f6re haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u00a012. s\u0131n\u0131f T.C. \u0130nk\u0131lap Tarihi ve Atat\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fck dersi<\/strong>\u00a08. \u00fcnitesi olan\u00a021. Y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n E\u015fi\u011finde T\u00fcrkiye ve D\u00fcnya\u00a0<\/strong>\u00fcnitesinin \u00f6zet ders notlar\u0131n\u0131 payla\u015f\u0131yoruz.\u00a012. s\u0131n\u0131f \u0130nk\u0131lap Tarihi \u00f6zet pdf\u00a0<\/strong>ders notlar\u0131 sayesinde derslerde daha ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olacaks\u0131n\u0131z. G\u00fcncel\u00a012 . s\u0131n\u0131f \u0130nk\u0131lap tarihi ve Atat\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fck<\/strong>\u00a0ders kitab\u0131na uygun olarak haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u00a021. Y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n E\u015fi\u011finde T\u00fcrkiye ve D\u00fcnya ders notlar\u0131<\/strong>\u00a0a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki konular\u0131 kapsamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

12. S\u0131n\u0131flar T.C \u0130nk\u0131lap Tarihi ve Atat\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fck 8. \u00dcnite\u00a021. Y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n E\u015fi\u011finde T\u00fcrkiye ve D\u00fcnya<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

1990 SONRASI T\u00dcRK\u0130YE\u2019DEK\u0130 EKONOM\u0130K KR\u0130ZLER <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcrkiye, 1990 sonras\u0131 bir\u00e7ok ekonomik kriz ya\u015fam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dclke s\u0131k s\u0131k de\u011fi\u015fen koalisyon h\u00fck\u00fbmetleri taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6netilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Siyasi iktidarlar\u0131n hedefi, ekonominin b\u00fcy\u00fck sorunlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zmekten ziyade, g\u00f6rev yapt\u0131klar\u0131 k\u0131sa vadede b\u00fct\u00e7e dengesizliklerini gidermek olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5 Nisan Kararlar\u0131 (1994)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1994 y\u0131l\u0131, T\u00fcrkiye’nin biriken ekonomik sorunlarla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir y\u0131l olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Devlet, i\u00e7 bor\u00e7 a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kapatmak i\u00e7in d\u0131\u015f bor\u00e7lanmaya y\u00f6nelmi\u015f ve merkez bankas\u0131 birikimlerini de bu ama\u00e7la kullanmak zorunda kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Y\u00fcksek enflasyonun ve cari a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131n artmas\u0131, faiz oranlar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczde 400’\u00fc a\u015fmas\u0131, enflasyon y\u00fczde 121’e ula\u015fmas\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmeti \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm bulmaya itti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ekonomiyi h\u0131zla istikrara kavu\u015fturmak, kamu a\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 daraltmak, ekonomide bir b\u00fcy\u00fcme sa\u011flamak ve ekonomik istikrar\u0131 s\u00fcrekli k\u0131lacak d\u00fczenlemeleri ba\u015flatmak amac\u0131yla IMF (Uluslararas\u0131 Para Fonu) yard\u0131m\u0131yla bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm plan\u0131 haz\u0131rland\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu plan, 5 Nisan Kararlar\u0131 olarak a\u00e7\u0131kland\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5 Nisan Kararlar\u0131 ile at\u0131lan ad\u0131mlar, \u00fclkede ya\u015fanan ekonomik soruna k\u00f6kten bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm getiremedi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kararlar piyasalarda durgunlu\u011fa sebep oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u0131k\u0131 denetlenen baz\u0131 bankalar iflas etti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5 Nisan Kararlar\u0131 kamu kesimi borcunun azalt\u0131lmas\u0131 ve belli bir oranda b\u00fct\u00e7e disiplininin sa\u011flanmas\u0131na yarad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5 Nisan Kararlar\u0131, ya\u015fanabilecek daha b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ekonomik bir krizi yaln\u0131zca bir s\u00fcreli\u011fine erteledi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2001 Ekonomik Krizi<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u015eubat 2001’de ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen Mill\u00ee G\u00fcvenlik Kurulu toplant\u0131s\u0131nda d\u00f6nemin Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Ahmet Necdet Sezer ile d\u00f6nemin ba\u015fbakan\u0131 B\u00fclent Ecevit aras\u0131nda ya\u015fanan sert tart\u0131\u015fma ile ba\u015flayan siyasi krizin ya\u015fanmas\u0131 ile ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Siyasi kriz ekonomi alan\u0131nda da etkili oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kamu bankalar\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck a\u00e7\u0131klar verdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ABD dolar\u0131, 695 bin liradan 900 bin liraya y\u00fckseldi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ya\u015fanan t\u00fcm bu olumsuz geli\u015fmeler b\u00fct\u00e7e a\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n artmas\u0131na ve \u015firketlerin batmas\u0131na neden oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcrkiye’yi \u00e7ok olumsuz etkileyen bu krize 2001 Ekonomik Krizi ad\u0131 verilmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2001 Ekonomik Krizi\u2019nin Sonu\u00e7lar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dclkede milyonlarca ki\u015fi i\u015fsiz kald\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130nsanlar\u0131n al\u0131m g\u00fcc\u00fc d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ekonomide ya\u015fanan darbo\u011faz nedeniyle esnaflar, kepenk kapatarak protestolar yapmaya ba\u015flad\u0131lar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Krizle ba\u015f edemeyen d\u00f6nemin h\u00fck\u00fbmeti, olumsuz durumu a\u015fmak i\u00e7in IMF’ye ba\u015fvurdu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

IMF’nin T\u00fcrkiye’ye verdi\u011fi program\u0131 uygulamak \u00fczere D\u00fcnya Bankas\u0131 ba\u015fkan yard\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131ndan Kemal Dervi\u015f, T\u00fcrkiye’ye getirildi ve ekonomiden sorumlu devlet bakan\u0131 olarak g\u00f6reve ba\u015flat\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2008 Ekonomik Krizi<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

2008’de Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri’nde ba\u015flayan ve giderek t\u00fcm d\u00fcnya \u00fclkelerine h\u0131zl\u0131ca yay\u0131lan ekonomik bir kriz meydana geldi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Krizin temel nedeni, konut sahiplerinin ipotekli konut kredilerini \u00f6deyememeleri \u00fczerine bankalar ve finans kurulu\u015flar\u0131nda ba\u015flayan darbo\u011faz\u0131n \u00fcretim ve hizmet piyasas\u0131n\u0131 da darbo\u011faza sokmas\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ABD’de ba\u015flay\u0131p daha sonra Avrupa’ya s\u0131\u00e7rayan kriz, AB \u00fclkelerini de derinden etkiledi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu kriz sonucu bir\u00e7ok AB \u00fclkesi ekonomik anlamda iflas\u0131n e\u015fi\u011fine geldi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Krizin, AB ile ekonomik ili\u015fkileri olan T\u00fcrkiye’ye de olumsuz etkileri g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc fakat bu etkiler s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 kald\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcrkiye’de yat\u0131r\u0131m bankac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in bankac\u0131l\u0131k sistemi ABD ve AB bankalar\u0131 gibi bu krizden do\u011frudan etkilenmedi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Merkez Bankas\u0131 da d\u00fcnyadaki di\u011fer merkez bankalar\u0131 gibi faizleri d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrerek krizin etkilerini hafifletmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2008 krizinin etkisiyle T\u00fcrkiye ekonomisi 2009’da %4,8 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcld\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Borsada d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015fler ya\u015fand\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ekonomik krizin etkisiyle \u00fclkedeki i\u015fsizlik oran\u0131 2007’de %9,2 iken 2008’in A\u011fustos ay\u0131nda %9,8’e y\u00fckseldi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00fcnya piyasalar\u0131nda ya\u015fanan t\u00fcm bu olumsuzluklar\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye \u00fczerindeki etkisi uygulanan istikrarl\u0131 ekonomik programla en d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck d\u00fczeyde hissedildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mill\u00ee \u0130radeye Darbeler<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcrkiye’de 27 May\u0131s 1960, 12 Mart 1971, 12 Eyl\u00fcl 1980 asker\u00ee darbelerinden sonra da demokrasiye kar\u015f\u0131 hukuk d\u0131\u015f\u0131 m\u00fcdahaleler yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

28 \u015eubat 1997, 27 Nisan 2007 ve 15 Temmuz 2016 tarihlerinde yap\u0131lan asker\u00ee darbeler T\u00fcrk demokrasisinin geli\u015fimine zarar vermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

28 \u015eubat Darbesi<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

28 \u015eubat 1997’de se\u00e7ilmi\u015f h\u00fck\u00fbmete kar\u015f\u0131 yap\u0131lan m\u00fcdahaledir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Refah Partisi (RP) lideri Necmettin Erbakan ve Do\u011fru Yol Partisi (DYP) lideri Tansu \u00c7iller h\u00fck\u00fbmeti, silahl\u0131 kuvvetler taraf\u0131ndan istifaya zorland\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

28 \u015eubat’ta askerler y\u00f6netime bizzat el koymak yerine medya \u00fczerinden h\u00fck\u00fbmete kar\u015f\u0131 bir sava\u015f verdiler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu darbe, \u201cpost-modern\u201d darbe olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

28 \u015eubat Darbesi\u2019nin Nedenleri<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

4 Aral\u0131k 1995’te ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen se\u00e7imlerde Refah Partisinin birinci parti \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen h\u00fck\u00fbmeti kurma g\u00f6revi, Anavatan Partisi (ANAP) ve Do\u011fru Yol Partisi koalisyonuna verildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kurulan h\u00fck\u00fbmetinin k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcrede ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z olmas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan Do\u011fru Yol Partisi ile Refah Partisi aras\u0131nda yeni bir koalisyon kuruldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Koalisyon sonucu RP lideri Necmettin Erbakan, ba\u015fbakan oldu ancak yeni h\u00fck\u00fbmete ordunun \u00fcst d\u00fczey komutanlar\u0131n\u0131n tepkisi de artmaya ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

28 \u015eubat Darbesi<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ordu, medya ve i\u015f \u00e7evreleri birlikte hareket ederek yeni kurulan h\u00fck\u00fbmeti daha ilk aylar\u0131ndan itibaren demokratik olmayan bir tutumla devirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Mill\u00ee irade yok say\u0131lmak istendi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

TSK, 1996’n\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda Refah Partisi iktidar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck bir psikolojik sava\u015f ba\u015flatt\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bat\u0131 \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Grubu (B\u00c7G) ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda bir olu\u015fumla, Refah Partisinin t\u00fcm faaliyetleri izlemeye al\u0131nd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Asker\u00ee ve sivil b\u00fcrokraside fi\u015flemeler ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

TSK, medyay\u0131 brifinglerle ve do\u011frudan temaslarla y\u00f6nlendiriyor ve iktidar\u0131 laiklik kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 olarak g\u00f6steriyordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ba\u015fbakan Necmettin Erbakan’\u0131n, \u0130slam \u00fclkeleri ile yak\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131 ve tepkilere ra\u011fmen \u0130slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131 ile i\u015f birli\u011fi projelerini g\u00fcndemde tutmay\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmesi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130slam ortak pazar\u0131 i\u00e7in G-7’ye kar\u015f\u0131, D-8’ler grubunu kurma projesi i\u00e7in harekete ge\u00e7mesi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ba\u015fbakan Necmettin Erbakan’\u0131n, Ba\u015fbakanl\u0131k Resm\u00ee Konutu’nda, kamuoyunda tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lan bir iftar yeme\u011fi vermesi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Refah Partili Sincan Belediye Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Bekir Y\u0131ld\u0131z’\u0131n, Filistin ile dayan\u0131\u015fma gecesi d\u00fczenlemesi; geceye \u0130ran B\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7isi Muhammed R\u0131za Bagheri’nin \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131lmas\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gecede yap\u0131lan konu\u015fmalar\u0131n ve sergilenen tiyatro oyununun i\u00e7eri\u011finden rahats\u0131z olunmas\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

28 \u015eubat Darbesi\u2019nin Sonu\u00e7lar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ankara’n\u0131n Sincan il\u00e7esinde 20 tank ve 15 z\u0131rhl\u0131 ara\u00e7 \u015fehir merkezinden ge\u00e7i\u015f yapt\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve DYP’li d\u00f6nemin Mill\u00ee Savunma Bakan\u0131 Turhan Tayan, tanklar\u0131n e\u011fitim amac\u0131yla ge\u00e7ti\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Genelkurmay \u0130kinci Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Orgeneral \u00c7evik Bir, daha sonra yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir a\u00e7\u0131klamada tanklar\u0131n ge\u00e7i\u015fi i\u00e7in \u201cDemokrasiye balans ayar\u0131 yapt\u0131k.\u201d ifadesini kullanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u00fck\u00fbmet ile asker aras\u0131ndaki gerilim t\u0131rman\u0131rken Mill\u00ee G\u00fcvenlik Kurulu (MGK), 28 \u015eubat 1997’de “irtica” g\u00fcndemiyle topland\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MGK’da yer alan asker\u00ee kanat, 18 maddelik bir karar listesi ortaya koydu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ba\u015fbakan Necmettin Erbakan, MGK Genel Sekreteri Orgeneral \u0130lhan K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7’tan kararlar\u0131n yumu\u015fat\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 istedi aksi h\u00e2lde bildiriyi imzalamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yledi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fakat ordu, medya ve i\u015f \u00e7evreleri ile birtak\u0131m i\u015f\u00e7i ve i\u015fveren sendikalar\u0131 konfederasyonlar\u0131, bir araya gelip MGK kararlar\u0131na tam destek verdiklerini a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131lar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MGK Genel Sekreteri \u0130lhan K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7, ba\u015fbakan ile g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmesinden sonra, MGK kararlar\u0131yla ilgili imzalar\u0131n tamamland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

RP-DYP koalisyon antla\u015fmas\u0131 gere\u011fi ba\u015fbakanl\u0131k g\u00f6revi s\u0131rayla yap\u0131lacakt\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

RP lideri Ba\u015fbakan Necmettin Erbakan, g\u00f6revi koalisyonun orta\u011f\u0131 DYP lideri Tansu \u00c7iller’e devretmek i\u00e7in ba\u015fbakanl\u0131ktan istifa etti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 S\u00fcleyman Demirel, koalisyon protokol\u00fcn\u00fc tan\u0131mad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyerek h\u00fck\u00fbmet kurma g\u00f6revini ANAP lideri Mesut Y\u0131lmaz’a verdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

RP, DYP ve B\u00fcy\u00fck Birlik Partisi (BBP) duruma tepki g\u00f6sterdiler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ANAP lideri Mesut Y\u0131lmaz, Demokratik Sol Parti (DSP) ve Demokratik T\u00fcrkiye Partisi (DTP) ile anla\u015farak yeni bir h\u00fck\u00fbmet kurdu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

28 \u015eubat Rejimi denilen s\u00fcre\u00e7 ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yarg\u0131tay Ba\u015fsavc\u0131s\u0131 Vural Sava\u015f, iktidardaki Refah Partisi hakk\u0131nda, \u201cLaik cumhuriyet ilkesine ayk\u0131r\u0131 eylemlerin oda\u011f\u0131 oldu\u011fu\u201d iddias\u0131yla kapatma davas\u0131 a\u00e7t\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dava 16 Ocak 1998’de sonu\u00e7land\u0131 ve Refah Partisi kapat\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Necmettin Erbakan ve parti y\u00f6neticilerine 5 y\u0131l siyaset yasa\u011f\u0131 getirildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

27 Nisan 2002 E-Muht\u0131ras\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Ahmet Necdet Sezer’in ba\u015fkanl\u0131k etti\u011fi son Mill\u00ee G\u00fcvenlik Kurulunda irticai faaliyetlerin artmas\u0131yla ilgili tart\u0131\u015fmalar tekrar g\u00fcndeme geldi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2002 se\u00e7imlerinden sonra Adalet ve Kalk\u0131nma Partisi\u2019nin (AK Parti) tek ba\u015f\u0131na iktidar olmas\u0131, 28 \u015eubat Darbesi\u2019ni kurgulayan \u00e7evreleri yine kayg\u0131land\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Se\u00e7ilmi\u015f h\u00fck\u00fbmete kar\u015f\u0131 yap\u0131lacak demokrasi d\u0131\u015f\u0131 yeni bir m\u00fcdahaleye ortam haz\u0131rlamak ve T\u00fcrk toplumunu laiklik \u00fczerinden kutupla\u015ft\u0131rmak ve ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in harekete ge\u00e7tiler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Ahmet Necdet Sezer’in g\u00f6rev s\u00fcresinin sona erecek olmas\u0131 nedeniyle siyasi gerginlik artt\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Anayasaya g\u00f6re cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na AK Partinin g\u00f6sterece\u011fi aday\u0131n se\u00e7ilme ihtimali y\u00fcksekti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu nedenle cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 se\u00e7imi yakla\u015ft\u0131k\u00e7a laiklik tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 artt\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 se\u00e7imlerinin yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcnlerde nitelikli \u00e7o\u011funluk olan 367 milletvekili olmamas\u0131 ya da di\u011fer partilerin se\u00e7ime kat\u0131lmamas\u0131 h\u00e2linde herhangi bir aday\u0131n cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 olamayaca\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc, Eski Yarg\u0131tay Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131s\u0131 Sabih Kanado\u011flu taraf\u0131ndan dile getirildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mecliste 27 Nisan g\u00fcn\u00fc ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen se\u00e7imlerin ilk turuna muhalefetin de k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck deste\u011fiyle 361 milletvekili kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve 367 say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131nda kal\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ayn\u0131 g\u00fcn saat 23.17’de Genel Kurmay Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n resm\u00ee internet sitesinin Bas\u0131n A\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131 ve Duyurular k\u0131sm\u0131nda, daha sonradan \u201ce-muht\u0131ra\u201d olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lacak olan bir bildiri yay\u0131nland\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Muht\u0131rada laiklik konusundaki hassasiyetinden bahseden TSK, Kutlu Do\u011fum Haftas\u0131 faaliyetleri s\u0131ras\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan ba\u015f\u00f6rt\u00fcl\u00fc k\u0131zlar\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclerinden ve onlar\u0131n ilahi okumalar\u0131ndan duydu\u011fu rahats\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 dile getirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Laikli\u011fin tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131ndan tekrar bir kurgusal g\u00fcndem olu\u015fturuldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tart\u0131\u015fmalarda TSK’n\u0131n taraf oldu\u011fu ve laikli\u011fin kesin savunuculu\u011funu \u00fcstlendi\u011fi vurguland\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcrk Silahl\u0131 Kuvvetleri, hukuksal bir alan d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131karak ger\u00e7ek g\u00f6revlerinden uzakla\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

28 Nisan’da, H\u00fck\u00fbmet S\u00f6zc\u00fcs\u00fc Cemil \u00c7i\u00e7ek, bu bildiriye kar\u015f\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fbmet ad\u0131na a\u00e7\u0131klama yapt\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cGenelkurmay Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, h\u00fck\u00fbmetin emrinde, g\u00f6revleri anayasa ve ilgili yasalarla tayin edilmi\u015f bir kurumdur\u2026\u201d s\u00f6zleriyle h\u00fck\u00fbmetin TSK’n\u0131n siyasete kar\u0131\u015fmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ilan etti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

15 Temmuz Hain Darbe Giri\u015fimi (15 Temmuz 2016)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

TSK i\u00e7erisinde \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmi\u015f bir grup FET\u00d6 (Fethullah\u00e7\u0131 Ter\u00f6r \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc) mensubu subay taraf\u0131ndan demokrasiye ve mill\u00ee iradeye kar\u015f\u0131 ba\u015flat\u0131lan hain darbe giri\u015fimi 15 Temmuz Cuma g\u00fcn\u00fc saat 22.00’de \u0130stanbul Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i (15 Temmuz \u015eehitler K\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fc) ve Fatih Sultan Mehmet k\u00f6pr\u00fclerinin bir grup asker taraf\u0131ndan trafi\u011fe kapat\u0131lmas\u0131yla ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ankara’da TRT binas\u0131 darbeciler taraf\u0131ndan ele ge\u00e7irildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Meydana gelen durumun hemen ard\u0131ndan \u00c7ankaya K\u00f6\u015fk\u00fc\u2019nde bir koordinasyon merkezi kuruldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ba\u015fbakan Binali Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m, televizyon kanallar\u0131na ba\u011flanarak bunun bir darbe giri\u015fimi oldu\u011funu ve bu giri\u015fime izin verilmeyece\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Darbeciler, Ankara G\u00f6lba\u015f\u0131’ndaki Polis \u00d6zel Harek\u00e2t Merkezine sald\u0131rd\u0131lar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Burada g\u00f6revli 44 polis memuru \u015fehit edildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u0130T M\u00fcste\u015farl\u0131\u011f\u0131na sald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 basarak, Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Orgeneral Hulusi Akar’\u0131 rehin ald\u0131lar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Darbeci askerler Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Recep Tayyip Erdo\u011fan’a suikast yapmak i\u00e7in Marmaris’te kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 otele bask\u0131n d\u00fczenlediler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Erdo\u011fan, bir u\u00e7akla \u0130stanbul Atat\u00fcrk Havaliman\u0131’na hareket etti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Recep Tayyip Erdo\u011fan bu s\u0131rada \u00e7e\u015fitli televizyon kanallar\u0131na g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcl\u00fc ba\u011flant\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirerek asker\u00ee kalk\u0131\u015fmaya tepki g\u00f6sterdi ve halk\u0131 darbe giri\u015fimine kar\u015f\u0131 meydanlara \u00e7\u0131kmaya davet etti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Darbeci askerler kendilerine kar\u015f\u0131 direni\u015fi k\u0131rmak i\u00e7in sava\u015f helikopterleri ile sivil halk\u0131n \u00fczerine ate\u015f a\u00e7maya ba\u015flad\u0131lar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

TBMM, sava\u015f u\u00e7aklar\u0131 ve sava\u015f helikopterleri ile darbeciler taraf\u0131ndan bombaland\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Darbe s\u00fcrecinde ya\u015fanan en \u00f6nemli geli\u015fme, \u00f6zel kuvvetler mensubu astsubay \u00d6mer Halisdemir’in komutan\u0131ndan ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 emirle \u00f6zel kuvvetleri ele ge\u00e7irmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan General Semih Terzi’yi vurmas\u0131yla ya\u015fand\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu olay darbecilerin planlar\u0131n\u0131n bozulmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7t\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Darbeciler taraf\u0131ndan ele ge\u00e7irilen Atat\u00fcrk Havaliman\u0131, halk\u0131n deste\u011fiyle darbecilerden temizlendi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saat 03.20’de Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Recep Tayyip Erdo\u011fan \u0130stanbul’a geldi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

16 Temmuz Cumartesi sabah\u0131 darbe giri\u015fiminin ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlayan darbeci askerler, Ankara\u2019da sivil halk\u0131n \u00fczerine bomba atmaya devam etti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sava\u015f helikopterleriyle Ankara Emniyet M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne ve Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 K\u00fclliyesi’ne sald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i K\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fc, Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 binas\u0131 ve kuvvet komutanl\u0131klar\u0131 binalar\u0131 emniyet g\u00fc\u00e7leri taraf\u0131ndan darbecilerden geri al\u0131nd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Savc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n ba\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 soru\u015fturmayla darbeye kar\u0131\u015fan ve destek veren FET\u00d6 mensuplar\u0131 tutuklanmaya ba\u015fland\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u00f6ylece darbe giri\u015fimi bast\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mill\u00ee iradeyi ortadan kald\u0131rmak,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zor kullanarak demokratik yap\u0131y\u0131 sonland\u0131rmak,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u0131\u015f g\u00fc\u00e7lerin b\u00f6lgesel \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131na destek olmak,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6rg\u00fct yanda\u015flar\u0131na stat\u00fc, servet ve g\u00fc\u00e7 kazand\u0131rmak,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130\u00e7 sava\u015f \u00e7\u0131kartarak \u00fclkenin b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesine ve par\u00e7alanmas\u0131na destek olmak.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Darbe giri\u015fimi, TSK i\u00e7ine s\u0131zm\u0131\u015f FET\u00d6 mensuplar\u0131n\u0131n sivil halka, devletin g\u00fcvenlik g\u00fc\u00e7lerine ve TBMM ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere resm\u00ee kurulu\u015flara sald\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir ihanet hareketidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcrk milleti, darbecilere kar\u015f\u0131 mill\u00ee iradeyi korumak ad\u0131na sivil bir inisiyatif g\u00f6stererek ilk kez meydanlara inmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Milletin iradesinin silah ve \u015fiddetle yenilemeyece\u011fi t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyaya g\u00f6sterildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

15 Temmuz Darbe Giri\u015fimi sonucu 248 ki\u015fi \u015fehit oldu ve 2196 vatanda\u015f yaraland\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Darbe giri\u015fiminin ard\u0131ndan TBMM’deki siyasi partiler darbeye kar\u015f\u0131 ortak bir bildiri yay\u0131mlad\u0131lar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Darbeciler ve onlar\u0131 destekleyenlerle etkin m\u00fccadele i\u00e7in TBMM, h\u00fck\u00fbmete anayasa gere\u011fi Ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc H\u00e2l (OHAL) uygulama yetkisi verdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Darbe Giri\u015fimi t\u00fcm yurtta yakla\u015f\u0131k 22 saat s\u00fcren bir m\u00fccadele sonucunda bertaraf edildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcrkiye’de OHAL uygulamas\u0131 ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sadece darbeye kar\u0131\u015fanlar de\u011fil TSK ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere t\u00fcm kamu kurulu\u015flar\u0131na s\u0131zm\u0131\u015f bulunan FET\u00d6 mensuplar\u0131 ve FET\u00d6 yap\u0131lanmas\u0131nda yer alanlar i\u00e7in yarg\u0131 s\u00fcreci ba\u015flat\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Milletin darbecilere kar\u015f\u0131 g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi iradenin ve kazan\u0131lan zaferin ard\u0131ndan her y\u0131l, 15 Temmuz Demokrasi ve Mill\u00ee Birlik G\u00fcn\u00fc kutlamalar\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ter\u00f6rle M\u00fccadele<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ter\u00f6rizm, amac\u0131 \u015fiddet yoluyla karga\u015fa \u00e7\u0131kararak toplumun direnme g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc k\u0131rmak, bir \u00fclkedeki siyasi ve sosyal d\u00fczeni zay\u0131f g\u00f6stererek halk\u0131n siyasal d\u00fczene deste\u011fini azaltmakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tarih boyunca Ter\u00f6rizmi y\u00f6ntem olarak benimseyen yasal veya yasa d\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fctler, bu yolla birtak\u0131m siyasi ve ekonomik \u00e7\u0131karlar sa\u011flamay\u0131 hedeflemektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Orta Do\u011fu ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere d\u00fcnyan\u0131n pek \u00e7ok yerinde baz\u0131 devletler, ekonomik veya politik \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 gere\u011fi, di\u011fer devletlere kar\u015f\u0131 dolayl\u0131 y\u0131pratma ve dayatma y\u00f6ntemi olarak ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fctlerini bir silah olarak kullanmaktad\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu devletlerin gizli destekleri sonucu ter\u00f6rizm, g\u00fcnden g\u00fcne yayg\u0131nla\u015fm\u0131\u015f ve uluslararas\u0131 bir nitelik kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ter\u00f6rizmin d\u00fcnya devletlerince belirlenmi\u015f ortak bir tan\u0131m\u0131, ter\u00f6rist \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmeleri kendi gizli emelleri i\u00e7in ara\u00e7 olarak kullanan devletler y\u00fcz\u00fcnden yap\u0131lamamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu sebeple ter\u00f6rle m\u00fccadelede d\u00fcnya devletleri birlik i\u00e7inde hareket edememektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00fcnyada \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir stratejik konuma sahip olan T\u00fcrkiye, baz\u0131 devletler taraf\u0131ndan istikrars\u0131zla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmak ve zay\u0131flat\u0131lmak istenmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir T\u00fcrkiye’nin olu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 engellemek isteyen devletler, ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fctlerini kendi \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 do\u011frultusunda T\u00fcrkiye’ye kar\u015f\u0131 y\u00f6nlendirmekte hatta bu ter\u00f6rist \u00f6rg\u00fctlerini bir i\u00e7 ve d\u0131\u015f politika arac\u0131 olarak kullanmaktad\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcrkiye’nin yak\u0131n tarihine bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bir\u00e7ok ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc ile kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcrkiye, 1973’te ba\u015flayan d\u0131\u015f destekli bir Ermeni Ter\u00f6r \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc ASALA \u015fiddeti ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131, 1980’lerin sonunda PKK b\u00f6l\u00fcc\u00fc ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcren PKK ter\u00f6r\u00fc nedeniyle pek \u00e7ok g\u00fcvenlik g\u00f6revlisi \u015fehit oldu, binlerce masum insan katledildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

PKK, T\u00fcrkiye’nin Do\u011fu ve G\u00fcneydo\u011fu b\u00f6lgeleri ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere bir\u00e7ok yerde g\u00fcvenlik g\u00fc\u00e7lerine, \u00f6\u011fretmenlere, i\u015f\u00e7ilere ve b\u00f6lge halk\u0131na sald\u0131r\u0131lar d\u00fczenleyen kanl\u0131 bir \u00f6rg\u00fctt\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

PKK, d\u0131\u015f g\u00fc\u00e7lerin de yard\u0131mlar\u0131yla T\u00fcrkiye’yi b\u00f6lmeyi ve par\u00e7alamay\u0131 ama\u00e7layan ayr\u0131l\u0131k\u00e7\u0131 bir ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

PKK ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcyle u\u011fra\u015fan T\u00fcrkiye, s\u0131n\u0131r kom\u015fular\u0131 olan Irak ve Suriye’de ya\u015fanan i\u00e7 istikrars\u0131zl\u0131klar nedeniyle, 2014 y\u0131l\u0131ndan itibaren b\u00f6lgedeki g\u00fcvenlik a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 de\u011ferlendirerek g\u00fc\u00e7 kazanan ve d\u0131\u015f desteklerle b\u00fcy\u00fcyen DAE\u015e ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn hedefi h\u00e2line geldi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

DAE\u015e, Suriye’nin kuzeyinden T\u00fcrkiye’deki yerle\u015fim birimlerine sald\u0131r\u0131lar d\u00fczenleyerek ya da T\u00fcrkiye i\u00e7inde d\u00fczenledi\u011fi bombal\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131larla ter\u00f6r eylemleri ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu ter\u00f6r sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 sonucu pek \u00e7ok g\u00fcvenlik g\u00fcc\u00fc \u015fehit d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc, masum siviller hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

DAE\u015e, vah\u015fi ter\u00f6r faaliyetleri ile b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnyada ses getiren radikal bir ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcrkiye, PKK ve DAE\u015e’in yan\u0131 s\u0131ra FET\u00d6 ile de etkin bir \u015fekilde m\u00fccadele etmektedir. FET\u00d6, halk\u0131n din\u00ee duygular\u0131n\u0131 ve yard\u0131mseverli\u011fini istismar ederek devletin pek \u00e7ok kurumunda gizli yap\u0131lanmalar ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmi\u015f bir ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

11 Aral\u0131k 2015’te Ankara Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n talimat\u0131yla FET\u00d6\/Paralel Devlet Yap\u0131lanmas\u0131na (PDY) y\u00f6nelik T\u00fcrkiye genelinde operasyonlar ba\u015flat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn yasa d\u0131\u015f\u0131 ama\u00e7lar\u0131 haz\u0131rlanan fezlekede tespit edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

FET\u00d6, 1999 y\u0131l\u0131ndan beri ABD’nin Pennsylvania (Pensilvanya) Eyaleti’nde ya\u015fayan Fetullah G\u00fclen’in liderli\u011finde kurulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Uluslararas\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lerin emrinde olan FET\u00d6, T\u00fcrkiye’de devletin b\u00fct\u00fcn anayasal kurumlar\u0131n\u0131, g\u00fcvenlik birimlerini, m\u00fclki ve adli yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irmeyi ama\u00e7 edinmi\u015f bir ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Devletin etkin m\u00fccadelesiyle g\u00fc\u00e7 kaybeden FET\u00d6, bu kez T\u00fcrk Silahl\u0131 Kuvvetleri i\u00e7erisine yerle\u015ftirdi\u011fi kadrolar\u0131yla 15 Temmuz 2016’da asker\u00ee bir darbeye kalk\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bilim, Sanat ve Spordaki Geli\u015fmeler<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1980’li y\u0131llarda Turgut \u00d6zal’\u0131n liberal politikalar\u0131yla T\u00fcrkiye d\u00fcnyadaki geli\u015fmelere ve rekabete a\u00e7\u0131lmaya ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu ortamda i\u015f ve ekonomi d\u00fcnyas\u0131na ek olarak yaz\u0131l\u0131 medya ve baz\u0131 sivil toplum \u00f6rg\u00fctleri de bu s\u00fcrece kat\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Medyan\u0131n geli\u015fimi T\u00fcrkiye’de devlet d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki sivil alanlar\u0131n canlan\u0131p geli\u015fmesine yard\u0131mc\u0131 oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1990’l\u0131 y\u0131llarda \u00f6zel medyan\u0131n geli\u015fmesi T\u00fcrk sinemas\u0131n\u0131 olumsuz etkiledi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcrk sinema sekt\u00f6r\u00fc 1990’l\u0131 y\u0131llar\u0131 ekonomik kriz i\u00e7inde ge\u00e7irdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yavuz Turgul’un y\u00f6netti\u011fi ve senaryosunu yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 E\u015fk\u0131ya filmi, 1996-1997 sezonunda 2 milyon 568 bin 339 ki\u015fi taraf\u0131ndan izlendi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u00f6ylece T\u00fcrk sinemas\u0131 i\u00e7in yeni bir umut do\u011fdu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1990’l\u0131 y\u0131llarda gen\u00e7 bir y\u00f6netmen ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2004’te, 5224 say\u0131l\u0131 \u201cSinema Filmlerinin De\u011ferlendirilmesi ve S\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ile Desteklenmesi Hakk\u0131nda Kanun\u201d \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2016 y\u0131l\u0131nda yerli sinema sekt\u00f6r\u00fc, sadece vizyon gelirleriyle 690 milyon TL’lik bir gelir elde etti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sinema sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn toplam b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc 3 milyar TL’ye ula\u015ft\u0131. 1990’l\u0131 y\u0131llarda T\u00fcrkiye’de ba\u015flayan liberalle\u015fme ve medyan\u0131n geli\u015fimi, m\u00fczik alan\u0131nda pop m\u00fczik tarz\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015fmesini sa\u011flad\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1990’l\u0131 ve 2000’li y\u0131llarda T\u00fcrkiye’de spor alan\u0131nda \u00f6nemli geli\u015fmeler ya\u015fand\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bulgaristan T\u00fcrklerinden Naim S\u00fcleymano\u011flu, 1986’da Avustralya’da d\u00fczenlenen D\u00fcnya Halter \u015eampiyonas\u0131\u2019nda T\u00fcrkiye B\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7ili\u011fine s\u0131\u011f\u0131narak T\u00fcrkiye’ye iltica etti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1993 D\u00fcnya \u015eampiyonas\u0131’nda \u00fc\u00e7 alt\u0131n madalya kazanmas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, iki d\u00fcnya rekoru k\u0131ran S\u00fcleymano\u011flu, 1994’te Bulgaristan’da yap\u0131lan Avrupa Halter \u015eampiyonas\u0131’nda sadece \u00fc\u00e7 kald\u0131r\u0131\u015f yaparak \u00fc\u00e7 d\u00fcnya rekoru k\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Naim S\u00fcleymano\u011flu halter kariyeri boyunca 46 d\u00fcnya rekoru k\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1999-2000 futbol sezonunda UEFA Kupas\u0131’nda oynama \u015fans\u0131n\u0131 elde eden Galatasaray Futbol Kul\u00fcb\u00fc, bu kupay\u0131 kazanarak ilk kez bir Avrupa kupas\u0131n\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye’ye getiren T\u00fcrk tak\u0131m\u0131 oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2002’de G\u00fcney Kore ile Japonya’n\u0131n ortakla\u015fa d\u00fczenledi\u011fi D\u00fcnya Kupas\u0131’na T\u00fcrkiye A Mill\u00ee Futbol Tak\u0131m\u0131, 48 y\u0131l aran\u0131n ard\u0131ndan turnuvaya ikinci kez kat\u0131lma ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131 g\u00f6sterirken ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fcnya \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcyle de tarih\u00ee bir ba\u015far\u0131ya imza att\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye ilk Nobel \u00f6d\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fc 2006 y\u0131l\u0131nda Orhan Pamuk getirmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bilim alan\u0131nda ise en b\u00fcy\u00fck ba\u015far\u0131 bir T\u00fcrk bilim adam\u0131n\u0131n 2015 y\u0131l\u0131nda Nobel Kimya \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc’n\u00fc kazanmas\u0131yla ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1979’dan itibaren \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 ABD’de s\u00fcrd\u00fcren Prof. Dr. Aziz Sancar, kanser hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 konusunda yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6nemli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar ve h\u00fccrelerin hasar g\u00f6ren DNA’lar\u0131 nas\u0131l onard\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 haritaland\u0131ran ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 sayesinde 2015 Nobel Kimya \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc\u2019ne lay\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

SSCB\u2019nin Da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

So\u011fuk Sava\u015f’\u0131n taraflar\u0131ndan birisi olan SSCB, XX. y\u00fczy\u0131l son \u00e7eyre\u011finde siyasi ve ekonomik olarak sorunlar ya\u015famaya ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bat\u0131 Bloku ile k\u00fcresel siyaset sahas\u0131nda giri\u015filen g\u00fc\u00e7 yar\u0131\u015f\u0131, Sovyet sistemini i\u015flemez h\u00e2le getirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te n\u00fckleer silahlanma ve Y\u0131ld\u0131z Sava\u015flar\u0131 ad\u0131 verilen uzay \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 SSCB ekonomisini olumsuz etkiledi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

SSCB sisteminin \u00e7\u0131kmaza girmesi, Do\u011fu Bloku’nun di\u011fer \u00fclkelerine de yans\u0131d\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

SSCB y\u00f6netimi, 1987’de Devlet Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Gorba\u00e7ov’un a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Glasnost ve Perestroika  programlar\u0131yla, Sovyet sisteminde \u015feffafl\u0131\u011fa ve yeniden yap\u0131lanmaya gidilece\u011fini ilan etti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Demokratik uygulamalarla totaliter yap\u0131 gev\u015fetilerek toplumsal hareketlerin yat\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 hedefleniyordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

SSCB’yi olu\u015fturan cumhuriyetlerde SSCB’den ayr\u0131lmaya y\u00f6nelik e\u011filimler g\u00fc\u00e7lendi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gorba\u00e7ov, 1990’da \u201cEgemen Devletler Birli\u011fi Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u201d ad\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 att\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

SSCB’den ayr\u0131lmaya y\u00f6nelik e\u011filimlerin g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc azaltmak ve hatta SSCB’yi olu\u015fturan devletler aras\u0131nda daha s\u0131k\u0131 bir yap\u0131 kurmak hedeflendi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 ele\u015ftiren komutanlar Gorba\u00e7ov’a kar\u015f\u0131 bir darbe yapt\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

SSCB’nin en b\u00fcy\u00fck cumhuriyeti olan Rusya Federasyonu Devlet Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Boris Yeltsin, darbeyi yapanlara kar\u015f\u0131 halk\u0131 direnmeye \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yeltsin’in \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131yla halk darbecilere kar\u015f\u0131 koydu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Olay\u0131n hemen ard\u0131ndan SSCB yap\u0131s\u0131 i\u00e7inde yer alan devletlerin tamam\u0131na yak\u0131n\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ilan ettiler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

19 A\u011fustos 1991’de Kremlin Saray\u0131’na SSCB bayra\u011f\u0131 yerine \u00c7arl\u0131k D\u00f6nemi’nde kullan\u0131lan Rus bayra\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ekilmesi ve ard\u0131ndan Sovyet Kom\u00fcnist Partisinin faaliyetlerine son verilmesiyle SSCB resmen da\u011f\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

25 Aral\u0131k 1991 tarihinde Sovyet Sosyalist Cumhuriyetler Birli\u011fi’nin da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131yla birlikte Orta Asya ve Kafkasya\u2019da bir\u00e7ok devlet ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kazand\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcrkiye, bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131na kavu\u015fan T\u00fcrk Cumhuriyetleri’ni tan\u0131yan ilk \u00fclke oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kazanan Kazakistan, T\u00fcrkmenistan, \u00d6zbekistan, Azerbaycan ve K\u0131rg\u0131zistan ile T\u00fcrkiye’nin ortak bir dile, ortak bir haf\u0131za ve ortak bir k\u00fclt\u00fcre sahip olmas\u0131 bu devletlerle olan ikili ve b\u00f6lgesel ili\u015fkilerin g\u00fc\u00e7lenmesine zemin haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcrkiye, SSCB’nin da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131 sonras\u0131ndan sonraki s\u00fcre\u00e7te Orta Asya’da ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 kazanan \u00fclkelerdeki T\u00fcrkler i\u00e7in sosyal, ekonomik ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel alanda bir\u00e7ok \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma yapma gere\u011fi duymu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130lk zamanlarda T\u00fcrk Cumhuriyetleri’ne k\u0131sa vadeli yard\u0131mlar yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcrk \u0130\u015fbirli\u011fi ve Koordinasyon Ajans\u0131 Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 (T\u0130KA)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcrkiye’nin SSCB sonras\u0131 d\u00f6nemde Orta Asya ve Kafkasya’da yap\u0131lacak faaliyetleri ve d\u0131\u015f politika \u00f6nceliklerini uygulayacak, koordine edecek bir organizasyon ihtiyac\u0131 do\u011frultusunda 1992’de D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak T\u00fcrk \u0130\u015fbirli\u011fi ve Koordinasyon Ajans\u0131 Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 (T\u0130KA) kurulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u0130KA, 1999 y\u0131l\u0131nda ba\u015fbakanl\u0131\u011fa ba\u011flanarak faaliyetlerini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131 T\u00fcrkler ve Akraba Topluluklar Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

6 Nisan 2010’da ba\u015fbakanl\u0131\u011fa ba\u011fl\u0131 m\u00fcste\u015farl\u0131k d\u00fczeyinde bir kamu kurumu olarak Yurt D\u0131\u015f\u0131 T\u00fcrkler ve Akraba Topluluklar Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kurulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kurumun g\u00f6revi; yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n, karde\u015f topluluklar\u0131n ve T\u00fcrkiye’de \u00f6\u011frenim g\u00f6ren uluslararas\u0131 burslu \u00f6\u011frencilerin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 koordine etmek; bu alanlarda verilen hizmetleri ve yap\u0131lan faaliyetleri geli\u015ftirmek olarak tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kurumun \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131yla yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ya\u015fayan T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015flar\u0131yla ve karde\u015f topluluklarla ili\u015fkiler g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu ili\u015fkilerin sa\u011flamla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131nda ekonomik, sosyal ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel alanlar daha \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Uluslararas\u0131 T\u00fcrk K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc Te\u015fkilat\u0131 (T\u00dcRKSOY)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Uluslararas\u0131 T\u00fcrk K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc Te\u015fkilat\u0131 1993’te Azerbaycan, Kazakistan, K\u0131rg\u0131zistan, \u00d6zbekistan, T\u00fcrkmenistan ve T\u00fcrkiye’nin K\u00fclt\u00fcr Bakanlar\u0131n\u0131n imzalam\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu antla\u015fma ile kurulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00dcRKSOY’un kurulu\u015f amac\u0131 T\u00fcrk halklar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6n\u00fcl birlikteli\u011fini ve karde\u015fli\u011fini g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmek, ortak T\u00fcrk k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc gelecek nesillere aktarmak ve d\u00fcnyaya tan\u0131tmak i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00dcRKSOY’un 6 kurucu \u00fcyesi ile beraber 8 tane de g\u00f6zlemci \u00fcyesi bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nevruz kutlamalar\u0131, T\u00dcRKSOY’un geleneksel etkinliklerinin ba\u015f\u0131nda gelir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sanatsal bulu\u015fmalar kapsam\u0131nda her y\u0131l T\u00fcrk d\u00fcnyas\u0131ndan foto\u011fraf\u00e7\u0131lar, ressamlar, opera sanat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131, \u015fairler, medya mensuplar\u0131, tiyatro gruplar\u0131, dans ve m\u00fczik topluluklar\u0131 T\u00dcRKSOY taraf\u0131ndan d\u00fczenlenen etkinliklerle bir araya getirilmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yunus Emre Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yunus Emre Vakf\u0131, T\u00fcrkiye’nin di\u011fer \u00fclkeler ile k\u00fclt\u00fcrel al\u0131\u015fveri\u015fini art\u0131r\u0131p dostlu\u011funu geli\u015ftirmek amac\u0131yla 2007\u2019de kurulmu\u015f bir kamu vakf\u0131d\u0131r. Amac\u0131;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcrkiye’yi, T\u00fcrk dilini, tarihini, k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc ve sanat\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fcnyaya tan\u0131tmak,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bununla ilgili bilgi ve belgeleri d\u00fcnyan\u0131n istifadesine sunmak,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcrk dili, k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc ve sanat\u0131 alanlar\u0131nda e\u011fitim almak isteyenlere yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda hizmet vermektir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2007’de yasa ile kurulan ve 2009’da faaliyetlerine ba\u015flayan Yunus Emre Enstit\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda 40’tan fazla k\u00fclt\u00fcr merkezi bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u00fclt\u00fcr merkezlerinde verilen T\u00fcrk\u00e7e e\u011fitiminin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, farkl\u0131 \u00fclkelerdeki e\u011fitim kurumlar\u0131yla yap\u0131lan i\u015f birlikleri ile T\u00fcrkoloji b\u00f6l\u00fcmleri ve T\u00fcrk\u00e7e \u00f6\u011fretimi desteklenmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcrk D\u00fcnyas\u0131 Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 Vakf\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcrk D\u00fcnyas\u0131 Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 Vakf\u0131, K\u0131r\u0131m T\u00fcrk’\u00fc d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr \u0130smail Gasp\u0131ral\u0131’n\u0131n \u201cDilde, fikirde, i\u015fte birlik\u201d ilkesini ya\u015fama ge\u00e7irmek i\u00e7in Prof. Dr. Turan Yazgan taraf\u0131ndan kurulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vak\u0131f, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131yla T\u00fcrk D\u00fcnyas\u0131’n\u0131 K\u00fclt\u00fcrel anlamda i\u015f birli\u011fine kavu\u015fturmay\u0131 hedeflemektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcrk D\u00fcnyas\u0131 Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 Vakf\u0131, T\u00fcrk D\u00fcnyas\u0131’n\u0131n stratejik noktalar\u0131nda e\u011fitim kurumlar\u0131 a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Avrupa Birli\u011fi (AB) ve T\u00fcrkiye<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

II. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 sonras\u0131nda Avrupa i\u00e7in bir bar\u0131\u015f ve i\u015f birli\u011fi projesi olarak nitelendirilen Avrupa Ekonomik Toplulu\u011funun (AET) 1957’de kurulmas\u0131ndan k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre sonra T\u00fcrkiye, 31 Temmuz 1959’da toplulu\u011fa ortakl\u0131k ba\u015fvurusunda bulunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

AET Bakanlar Konseyi, T\u00fcrkiye’nin yapm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu ba\u015fvuruyu kabul ederek \u00fcyelik ko\u015fullar\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015finceye kadar ge\u00e7erli olacak bir ortakl\u0131k antla\u015fmas\u0131 imzalanmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u00f6z konusu antla\u015fma 12 Eyl\u00fcl 1963’te imzalanm\u0131\u015f ve 1 Aral\u0131k 1964’te y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ankara Antla\u015fmas\u0131, T\u00fcrkiye ile Avrupa Birli\u011fi ili\u015fkilerinin hukuki temelini olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcrkiye’nin AET’ye uyum s\u00fcreci antla\u015fman\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girdi\u011fi 1 Aral\u0131k 1964 itibar\u0131yla ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcrkiye-AB ili\u015fkileri, 1970’li y\u0131llar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131ndan 1980’lerin ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131na kadar T\u00fcrkiye’de ya\u015fanan siyasi ve ekonomik nedenlerden dolay\u0131 istikrars\u0131z bir s\u00fcre\u00e7 ya\u015fam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

12 Eyl\u00fcl 1980 Asker\u00ee Darbesi’nin ard\u0131ndan AB ile ili\u015fkiler resmen ask\u0131ya al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1983’te T\u00fcrkiye’de sivil idarenin yeniden kurulmas\u0131yla T\u00fcrkiye d\u0131\u015fa a\u00e7\u0131lma s\u00fcrecine girmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

AET, 1991 Maastricht (Mastrikt) Antla\u015fmas\u0131 ile resmen Avrupa Birli\u011fi (AB) ad\u0131n\u0131 alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcrkiye ile AB aras\u0131ndaki G\u00fcmr\u00fck Birli\u011fi 1 Ocak 1996’da y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

10-11 Aral\u0131k 1999’da yap\u0131lan Helsinki Zirvesi’nde T\u00fcrkiye’nin AB’ye adayl\u0131\u011f\u0131 resmen onaylanm\u0131\u015f ve di\u011fer aday \u00fclkelerle e\u015fit konumda olaca\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k ve kesin bir dille ifade edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

17 Aral\u0131k 2004 tarihli Br\u00fcksel Zirvesi’nde, AB-T\u00fcrkiye ili\u015fkilerinde bir d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktas\u0131 daha ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015f ve zirvede T\u00fcrkiye’nin siyasi kriterleri yeteri \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde kar\u015f\u0131lad\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtilerek 3 Ekim 2005’te \u00fcyelik m\u00fczakerelerine ba\u015flanmas\u0131 karar\u0131 al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde de m\u00fczakereler h\u00e2l\u00e2 devam etmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bosna Sava\u015f\u0131 ve Balkanlardaki Geli\u015fmeler<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bosna Sava\u015f\u0131, 1 Mart 1992’den 14 Aral\u0131k 1995’e kadar s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f olan bir sava\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yugoslavya Devleti; S\u0131rbistan, H\u0131rvatistan, Bosna-Hersek, Kosova, Slovenya, Makedonya ve Karada\u011f Cumhuriyetlerinden olu\u015fan federal bir cumhuriyetti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1980’de Devlet Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Mare\u015fal Tito’nun \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra Yugoslavya’y\u0131 olu\u015fturan federal devletler aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkiler bozulmaya ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Olu\u015fan siyasi gerginlik sonucu 1990’da Yugoslavya’y\u0131 olu\u015fturan cumhuriyetlerden birisi olan Slovenler ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k ilan ettiler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Slovenya’n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan H\u0131rvatistan ve Makedonya’n\u0131n da ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ilan etmesi \u00fczerine a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olarak<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u0131rplardan olu\u015fan Yugoslavya ordusunun bu devletlere sald\u0131rmas\u0131yla Yugoslavya \u0130\u00e7 Sava\u015f\u0131 ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

27 Kas\u0131m 1991’de Bosna-Hersek kendi \u00fclkesinin b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc korumak i\u00e7in ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ilan etti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bosna-Hersek n\u00fcfusunun \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funu olu\u015fturan Bo\u015fnaklar ve H\u0131rvatlar ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir devlet olarak tan\u0131nmak isterken Bosna-Hersek’te ya\u015fayan S\u0131rplar, Bat\u0131 S\u0131rp Cumhuriyeti’ni ilan ettiler ve istedikleri b\u00f6lgeleri ele ge\u00e7irmek i\u00e7in M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Bo\u015fnaklara kar\u015f\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131lara ba\u015flad\u0131lar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1992’de M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Bo\u015fnaklara kar\u015f\u0131 etnik temizlik ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u0131rp milislerin ve daha sonra da H\u0131rvat milislerin sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 \u00fczerine Bosna-Hersek harabeye d\u00f6nd\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mostar \u015fehri, H\u0131rvat g\u00fc\u00e7leri taraf\u0131ndan 9 ay boyunca ku\u015fatma alt\u0131na al\u0131nd\u0131 ve \u015fehir, yo\u011fun bombard\u0131mana tutuldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u015eehrin sembol\u00fc olan Osmanl\u0131 miras\u0131 Mostar K\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fc, H\u0131rvat top\u00e7ular\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan imha edildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bosna’n\u0131n do\u011fusundaki Srebrenica (Srebrenitsa) \u00e7evresindeki Bo\u015fnak kasabalar\u0131na ve k\u00f6ylerine sald\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1993’te, BM G\u00fcvenlik Konseyi Srebrenica’y\u0131 g\u00fcvenli b\u00f6lge olarak ilan etti ve b\u00f6lgeye y\u00f6nelik her t\u00fcrl\u00fc silahl\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131y\u0131 yasaklad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1995’te Radko Miladi\u00e7 komutas\u0131ndaki S\u0131rp g\u00fc\u00e7leri, birle\u015fmi\u015f milletler komutas\u0131ndaki 400 Hollandal\u0131 asker taraf\u0131ndan korunan Srebrenitsa\u2019da katliam yapt\u0131. Bosna’n\u0131n do\u011fusundaki Srebrenica (Srebrenitsa) \u00e7evresindeki Bo\u015fnak kasabalar\u0131na ve k\u00f6ylerine sald\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1993’te, BM G\u00fcvenlik Konseyi Srebrenica’y\u0131 g\u00fcvenli b\u00f6lge olarak ilan etti ve b\u00f6lgeye y\u00f6nelik her t\u00fcrl\u00fc silahl\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131y\u0131 yasaklad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1995’te Radko Miladi\u00e7 komutas\u0131ndaki S\u0131rp g\u00fc\u00e7leri, birle\u015fmi\u015f milletler komutas\u0131ndaki 400 Hollandal\u0131 asker taraf\u0131ndan korunan Srebrenitsada  katliam yapt\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5 Eyl\u00fcl 1995’te ABD’nin giri\u015fimiyle sava\u015fan taraflar Cenevre kentinde bar\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerine ba\u015flad\u0131lar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cenevre’de var\u0131lan antla\u015fmadan sonra Bosna-Hersek’teki \u00fc\u00e7 toplumun liderleri olan Aliya \u0130zzetbegovi\u00e7, Slobodann Milosevi\u00e7 ve Franjo Tudjman (Franko Tujman) ABD’nin Dayton (Deyt\u0131n) kentinde bar\u0131\u015f masas\u0131na oturdular ve 21 Kas\u0131m 1995’te Dayton Bar\u0131\u015f Antla\u015fmas\u0131’n\u0131 imzalad\u0131lar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dayton Bar\u0131\u015f Antla\u015fmas\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bosna-Hersek ad\u0131 ayn\u0131 olan ve daha \u00f6nce tan\u0131nan uluslararas\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlara uygun s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 olan tek bir devlet olarak kalacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Devlet iki birimden, Bosna-Hersek Federasyonu ve Bosna S\u0131rp Cumhuriyeti’nden olu\u015facakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcm taraflar La Haye’deki (Lahey) sava\u015f su\u00e7lar\u0131 mahkemesine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

NATO Bar\u0131\u015f Uygulama G\u00fcc\u00fc’n\u00fcn denetiminde, Dayton Antla\u015fmas\u0131’n\u0131n a\u015fama a\u015fama uygulanmas\u0131yla, Bosna- Hersek’te bar\u0131\u015f\u0131n olu\u015fmas\u0131nda ve b\u00f6lgede yeni bir d\u00fczenin kurulmas\u0131nda \u00f6nemli geli\u015fmeler sa\u011fland\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

21. y\u00fczy\u0131la girerken M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Bo\u015fnaklara yap\u0131lan zul\u00fcm de durmu\u015f oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Siyonizm Sorunu ve Filistin<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

II. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131’n\u0131n bitmesinden sonra \u0130ngiltere’nin denetiminde olan Filistin topraklar\u0131na Avrupa’dan b\u00fcy\u00fck oranda Yahudi g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fc ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1946’ya gelindi\u011finde Filistin’deki Yahudi n\u00fcfusu tahminen 250.000 ki\u015fiydi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1948-1951 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda, Avrupa’daki Yahudi m\u00fcltecilerin \u00fc\u00e7te ikisinden fazlas\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7eren 700 000’e yak\u0131n Yahudi, \u0130srail’e g\u00f6\u00e7 etti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Filistin’de Yahudi-Filistin gerginli\u011fi ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

II. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131’n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan \u0130ngiltere, Amerika’n\u0131n yard\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131ktan sonra, Filistin meselesini Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletlere g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcp, meselenin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmesini istedi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

BM, 1947\u2032de Filistin’in biri Yahudi \u00f6teki Arap olmak \u00fczere iki devlet aras\u0131nda payla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131na karar verdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yahudiler bu karar\u0131 kabul ederken Araplar reddetti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kud\u00fcs \u015fehrine ise, BM denetiminde milletleraras\u0131 bir b\u00f6lge stat\u00fcs\u00fc tan\u0131nd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yahudi liderler, 14 May\u0131s 1948\u2032de \u0130srail Devleti’nin kurulu\u015funu ilan ettiler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ard\u0131ndan Orta Do\u011fu’nun en b\u00fcy\u00fck sorunu olan ve g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar etkileri s\u00fcren Arap-\u0130srail \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 ve Filistin Sorunu ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Buna ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1948 Arap-\u0130srail,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1956 M\u0131s\u0131r-\u0130srail,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1967 Arap-\u0130srail,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1973 Arap-\u0130srail sava\u015flar\u0131 meydana geldi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1978’de M\u0131s\u0131r ve \u0130srail aras\u0131nda imzalanan Camp David (Kemp Deyvid) Antla\u015fmas\u0131’yla \u0130srail ve Arap devletleri aras\u0131nda bir daha s\u0131cak \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma ya\u015fanmad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Filistinlilerin i\u015fgal edilmi\u015f topraklar\u0131n\u0131 koruma m\u00fccadelesi devam etti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 Filistin’de ba\u015flayan ve Filistin halk\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fkald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelen “\u0130ntifada” bu m\u00fccadelenin en somut \u00f6rne\u011fidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130srail i\u015fgaline kar\u015f\u0131 Filistin halk\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fkald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131 olan Birinci \u0130ntifada 1987’de ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130kinci \u0130ntifada ise 2000’den 2005 y\u0131ll\u0131na kadar devam eden Filistin ayaklanmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cezayir’de toplanan Filistin Mill\u00ee Konseyi, 15 Kas\u0131m 1988’de ilan etti\u011fi bildiriyle Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z Filistin Devleti’ni ilan etti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z Filistin Devleti’ni T\u00fcrkiye d\u00e2hil bir\u00e7ok \u00fclke tan\u0131d\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Filistin Devleti’nin tan\u0131nmas\u0131 i\u00e7in uluslararas\u0131 sahada yap\u0131lan diplomatik giri\u015fimler sonu\u00e7 verdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130srail, Bat\u0131 \u015eeria ve Gazze b\u00f6lgelerinde Filistinlilerin \u00f6zerk bir y\u00f6netim kurmas\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesine olumlu yakla\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ABD \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde yap\u0131lan g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeler sonucunda 1993’te \u0130srail ve Filistin Kurtulu\u015f \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc (FK\u00d6) liderleri bar\u0131\u015f antla\u015fmas\u0131 imzalad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu antla\u015fmaya g\u00f6re \u0130srail, Bat\u0131 \u015eeria ve Gazze b\u00f6lgelerinde Filistinlilerin \u00f6zerkli\u011fini resmen kabul etti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130srail, Gazze b\u00f6lgesinden kendi topraklar\u0131na f\u00fcze at\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 bahane ederek 2007’de Gazze’ye 2009’a kadar s\u00fcrecek olan \u015fiddetli bir sald\u0131r\u0131 ba\u015flatt\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu sald\u0131r\u0131 uluslararas\u0131 camiada b\u00fcy\u00fck tepki g\u00f6rd\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2010-2011 y\u0131llar\u0131nda ba\u015fta Rusya olmak \u00fczere Brezilya, Arjantin ve \u015eili, 1967 \u00f6ncesi s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 esas alarak Filistin’i ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir devlet olarak kabul ettiklerini d\u00fcnyaya ilan ettiler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Filistin Devlet Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Mahmud Abbas, ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir devlet olarak tan\u0131nmak i\u00e7in Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletlere resmen ba\u015fvurdu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yap\u0131lan oylamada ba\u015fta T\u00fcrkiye olmak \u00fczere 138 \u00fclke evet oyu verdi ve Filistin, BM nezdinde ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir devlet olarak kabul edildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I. K\u00f6rfez Sava\u015f\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1980-1988 aras\u0131nda kom\u015fusu \u0130ran ile sava\u015fan Irak, sava\u015f\u0131n bitmesinin ard\u0131ndan silahlanmay\u0131 art\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kuveyt \u00fczerinde hak iddia etmeye ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u00f6ylece Irak-Kuveyt ili\u015fkileri gerginle\u015fti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Uluslararas\u0131 arabuluculuk giri\u015fimleri gerginli\u011fi azaltmaya yetmedi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Irak, 2 A\u011fustos 1990’da Kuveyt’i 19. \u0130li olarak ilan edip, i\u015fgal etti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kuveyt i\u015fgali \u00fczerine toplanan Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler, Irak’\u0131 k\u0131nad\u0131 ve i\u015fgal etti\u011fi topraklardan kay\u0131ts\u0131z \u015farts\u0131z \u00e7ekilmesini istedi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Irak’\u0131n BM kararlar\u0131na uymayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 \u00fczerine, 17 Ocak 1991’de Irak’a kar\u015f\u0131 \u00f6nce hava harek\u00e2t\u0131 ard\u0131ndan da kara harek\u00e2t\u0131 ba\u015flat\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Uluslararas\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7 ile Irak kuvvetleri aras\u0131ndaki sava\u015f k\u0131sa s\u00fcrd\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Irak ordusu ma\u011flup oldu ve Kuveyt i\u015fgalden kurtar\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Irak, 1991’de BM taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6nerilen ate\u015fkes anla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 imzalad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u00f6ylece sava\u015f resmen sona erdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bar\u0131\u015f\u0131n s\u00fcreklili\u011fi ve ekonomik ambargonun kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, Kuveyt’in i\u015fgalden \u00f6nceki s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n kabul edilmesine ve Irak’\u0131n n\u00fckleer, biyolojik ve kimyasal silahlardan ar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 karar\u0131na uymas\u0131na ba\u011fland\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sava\u015f\u0131n ard\u0131ndan Irak’ta i\u00e7 kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k ba\u015f g\u00f6sterdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Irak’taki Baas rejimine muhalif K\u00fcrt gruplar \u00fclkenin kuzeyinde, \u015eii gruplar ise \u00fclkenin g\u00fcneyinde ayaklanma ba\u015flatt\u0131lar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Baas rejiminin \u015fiddet kullanarak bu gruplara sald\u0131rmas\u0131 \u00fczerine, Irak birliklerinin 36. paralelin kuzeyi ile 32. paralelin g\u00fcneyine ge\u00e7irilmeme \u015fart\u0131 kabul edildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ate\u015fkesi denetlemek ve gerekirse m\u00fcdahale etmek i\u00e7in ABD, \u0130ngiltere ve Fransa birliklerinden olu\u015fan uluslararas\u0131 asker\u00ee bir kuvvet (\u00c7eki\u00e7 G\u00fc\u00e7) olu\u015fturuldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Irak h\u00fck\u00fbmeti \u00fclkenin kuzeyindeki kontrol\u00fc kaybetti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bo\u015flu\u011fu doldurmas\u0131 amac\u0131yla b\u00f6lgede g\u00fc\u00e7lenen muhalif K\u00fcrt gruplar, Irak’tan kopu\u015f s\u00fcrecine girdiler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

PKK ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc, Irak’\u0131n kuzeyine yerle\u015fmeye ba\u015flad\u0131 ve bu durum T\u00fcrkiye i\u00e7in bir g\u00fcvenlik sorunu h\u00e2line geldi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

II. K\u00f6rfez Sava\u015f\u0131 ve ABD\u2019nin Irak\u2019\u0131 \u0130\u015fgali<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

ABD, 11 Eyl\u00fcl 2001 y\u0131l\u0131nda New York \u015fehrinde bulunan D\u00fcnya Ticaret Merkezine yap\u0131lan sald\u0131r\u0131dan sonra, \u0130ngiltere ile birlikte ter\u00f6re kar\u015f\u0131 d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda bir m\u00fccadele ba\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ilan etti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu do\u011frultuda ter\u00f6re destek verdi\u011fi iddias\u0131yla \u00f6nce Afganistan’a asker\u00ee m\u00fcdahalede bulunan ABD, ard\u0131ndan Irak’a y\u00f6neldi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ABD, Irak’\u0131 kitle imha silahlar\u0131 edinmek ve d\u00fcnya bar\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 tehdit etmekle su\u00e7lad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ABD’nin giri\u015fimleriyle Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler, Irak’a bu konuda bask\u0131 yap\u0131lmas\u0131 karar\u0131 ald\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu karara kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k Irak, \u00fclkesindeki asker\u00ee tesislerin BM yetkililerince denetlenmesini kabul etti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Irak’\u0131n BM kararlar\u0131n\u0131 ko\u015fulsuz kabul etmesi, Kuveyt i\u015fgali nedeniyle kom\u015fular\u0131ndan resmen \u00f6z\u00fcr dilemesi ve BM yetkililerinin kitle imha silahlar\u0131na rastlamad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 rapor etmeleri \u00fczerine gerginlik yumu\u015fad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ABD y\u00f6netimi bu kez de Irak Devlet Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Saddam H\u00fcseyin ve ailesinin Irak’\u0131 terk etmelerini istedi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aksi takdirde Irak’a asker\u00ee m\u00fcdahale yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Irak y\u00f6netimi ABD’nin bu uyar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 reddetti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ABD’ye destek olarak \u0130ngiltere, \u0130spanya, \u00c7ek Cumhuriyeti, Portekiz, Danimarka, \u0130talya ve Macaristan’dan olu\u015fan bir Avrupa koalisyonu olu\u015fturuldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sava\u015f \u00f6ncesi ABD y\u00f6netimi, T\u00fcrkiye topraklar\u0131ndan ge\u00e7erek Irak’a asker\u00ee m\u00fcdahale yapmak istedi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1 Mart 2003’te yap\u0131lan oylamada ABD’nin bu iste\u011fi TBMM taraf\u0131ndan reddedildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ABD \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcndeki koalisyon g\u00fc\u00e7leri, 20 Mart 2003’te Irak’a hava sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ba\u015flatt\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

22 Mart 2003’te ise kara harek\u00e2t\u0131 ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ABD kuvvetleri, 9 Nisan 2003’te Irak’\u0131n ba\u015fkenti Ba\u011fdat’\u0131 i\u015fgal etti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Irak kuvvetleri ve koalisyon g\u00fc\u00e7leri aras\u0131ndaki sava\u015f, ABD Ba\u015fkan\u0131 George W. Bush’un (Cor\u00e7 Bu\u015f) 15 Nisan 2003 tarihinde kesin zaferin kazan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ilan etmesiyle son buldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sava\u015f sonucunda Irak devlet ba\u015fkan\u0131 Saddam H\u00fcseyin ve Baas rejimi devrildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Irak’\u0131 i\u015fgal eden ABD, \u00fclkeye ge\u00e7ici valiler atayarak \u00fclkeyi y\u00f6netmeye ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

13 Temmuz 2003’te ABD n\u00fcfuzunda \u201cGe\u00e7ici Irak Y\u00f6netim Konseyi\u201d olu\u015fturuldu ve bu ge\u00e7ici konsey BM nezdinde tan\u0131nd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u00f6ylece d\u00fcnyan\u0131n k\u00fcresel g\u00fcc\u00fc olan ABD, \u0130ngiltere ile birlikte, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en zengin petrol yataklar\u0131na sahip \u00fclkesi olan Irak’\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irerek Orta Do\u011fu’da \u00f6nemli bir g\u00fc\u00e7 kazand\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Siyasi istikrars\u0131zl\u0131k ve otorite bo\u015flu\u011fu, Irak topraklar\u0131ndaki denetlenemeyen ter\u00f6r gruplar\u0131n\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ve buna ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak \u015fiddet olaylar\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Irak’ta ya\u015fanan bu istikrars\u0131zl\u0131k hem Irak’\u0131n kom\u015fular\u0131nda hem de t\u00fcm b\u00f6lgede g\u00fcvenlik sorunlar\u0131n\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Arap Bahar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Arap Bahar\u0131, 2010’da Orta Do\u011fu \u00fclkelerindeki demokratik olmayan y\u00f6netimlere kar\u015f\u0131 bu \u00fclkelerin halklar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan daha \u00e7ok demokrasi ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck talebiyle ba\u015flat\u0131lan, protesto ve ayaklanmalarla ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen halk hareketleridir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Arap Bahar\u0131 olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan s\u00fcre\u00e7 Tunus\u2019ta ba\u015flad\u0131. \u0130\u015f bulamamaktan ve ge\u00e7im s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 seyyar sat\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k yapan \u00fcniversite \u00f6\u011frenimli Tunuslu Muhammed Buazizi adl\u0131 gencin bir zab\u0131ta g\u00f6revlisince tokatlanmas\u0131 ve tezg\u00e2h\u0131 ile mallar\u0131na el konulmas\u0131 olaylar\u0131 ba\u015flatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tunuslu gen\u00e7 Muhammed Buazizi\u2019nin kendisini yakarak intihar etmesi sonras\u0131 ba\u015flayan h\u00fck\u00fbmet kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 g\u00f6steriler sonucu, Tunus Devlet Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Zeynel Abidin Bin Ali g\u00f6revinden istifa etti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu s\u00fcrece Yasemin Devrimi ad\u0131 verildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yasemin Devrimi’nden sonra Tunus’ta daha demokratik bir y\u00f6netim kuruldu ve yeni bir d\u00f6nem ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tunus’ta ba\u015flayan olaylar di\u011fer Arap \u00fclkelerine de yay\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

25 Ocak 2011’de M\u0131s\u0131r’\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck meydan\u0131 olan Tahrir Meydan\u0131’nda, Arap bahar\u0131n\u0131n esintileri yay\u0131lmaya ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tunus’ta oldu\u011fu gibi M\u0131s\u0131r’da da a\u00e7l\u0131k, i\u015fsizlik, yolsuzluk, diktat\u00f6rl\u00fck gibi benzer sorunlar sebebiyle halk isyan etmeye ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dclkede gitgide b\u00fcy\u00fcyen isyan nedeniyle H\u00fcsn\u00fc M\u00fcbarek’in 1981’de ba\u015flayan y\u00f6netimi, 11 \u015eubat 2011’de istifa etmesiyle son buldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u0131s\u0131r’da yap\u0131lan demokratik se\u00e7imleri Muhammed Mursi kazand\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Muhammed Mursi, M\u0131s\u0131r’da demokratik se\u00e7imle ba\u015fa ge\u00e7en ilk cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u0131s\u0131r’dan sonra Libya’da da protestolar ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Libya’daki protestolar bir s\u00fcre sonra demokratik g\u00f6sterilerden Libya h\u00fck\u00fbmetine kar\u015f\u0131 silahl\u0131 bir ba\u015fkald\u0131r\u0131ya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu durum Libya’y\u0131 i\u00e7 sava\u015fa s\u00fcr\u00fckledi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fransa, ya\u015fanan olaylara seyirci kalamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyerek NATO ile birlikte olaylara m\u00fcdahale etti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Libya y\u00f6netiminin zay\u0131flamas\u0131yla muhalif g\u00fc\u00e7ler ba\u015fkent Trablus’u ele ge\u00e7irdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Libya Lideri Muammer Kaddafi, muhalif milisler taraf\u0131ndan lin\u00e7 edilerek \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Arap Bahar\u0131’n\u0131n etkileri Suriye’de daha sert ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dclkeye egemen Baas Partisi y\u00f6netiminin demokratik olmayan ve bask\u0131c\u0131 y\u00f6netiminden bunalan halk, rejime kar\u015f\u0131 protestolara ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Devlet Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Be\u015f\u015far Esed y\u00f6netimindeki Baas rejiminin protestolara kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fcdahalesi \u00e7ok sert oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Suriye’de i\u00e7 sava\u015f ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Y\u00fczbinlerce insan hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dclkede ya\u015fam\u0131n zorla\u015fmas\u0131yla beraber bir\u00e7ok Suriyeli kendi \u00fclkesinden ka\u00e7arak ba\u015fka \u00fclkelere s\u0131\u011f\u0131nd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4 milyon kadar Suriyeli d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitli yerlerine s\u0131\u011f\u0131nmac\u0131 olarak yerle\u015ftirildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu s\u0131\u011f\u0131nmac\u0131lardan yakla\u015f\u0131k 3 milyonu ise T\u00fcrkiye’ye geldi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u00f6rfez \u00fclkelerinden Bahreyn ve Yemen’de de Arap Bahar\u0131’n\u0131n etkileri g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu iki \u00fclkede protestolar bir s\u00fcre sonra mezhep \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Suudi Arabistan’\u0131n m\u00fcdahalesiyle Bahreyn’de muhalifler bast\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yemen’de durum Libya ve Suriye’deki gibi bir i\u00e7 sava\u015fa d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Arap Bahar\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Sonu\u00e7lar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

2010’da Tunus’ta ba\u015flayan de\u011fi\u015fimle Orta Do\u011fu’da daha demokratik bir d\u00f6nemin ba\u015flayaca\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fakat beklenen olmad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u00fcrecin baz\u0131 \u00fclkelerde i\u00e7 sava\u015fa d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesi b\u00f6lgede istikrars\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa yol a\u00e7t\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bat\u0131 \u00fclkelerinin siyasi \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 nedeniyle bu \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalara m\u00fcdahale etmesi b\u00f6lgedeki sorunlar\u0131 daha da derinle\u015ftirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu istikrars\u0131zl\u0131k sonucu ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fctleri, hem \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fclkeler hem de b\u00f6lgenin di\u011fer \u00fclkeleri i\u00e7in bir g\u00fcvenlik sorunu h\u00e2line geldi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u0131s\u0131r’da ise demokratik yollarla se\u00e7ilmi\u015f Muhammed Mursi’nin asker\u00ee bir darbeyle devrilmesi \u00fclkedeki ve b\u00f6lgedeki demokrasi beklentilerini sonland\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

11 Eyl\u00fcl Sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 ve K\u00fcresel Ter\u00f6r<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Da\u011f\u0131lan SSCB sahas\u0131nda ve eski Do\u011fu Bloku \u00fclkelerinde siyasi etkisini art\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ABD, siyasi g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc art\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve tek kutuplu d\u00fcnyada y\u00f6n verici bir \u00fclke konumuna geldi\u011fi bir d\u00f6nemde b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ter\u00f6r sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131 ya\u015fad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

11 Eyl\u00fcl 2001 tarihinde ABD’nin New York kentinde bulunan D\u00fcnya Ticaret Merkezine, Washington’a (Va\u015fingt\u0131n) ve Pentagon’a sivil u\u00e7aklar\u0131n kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131lar d\u00fczenlendi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00fcnya Ticaret Merkezinin iki binas\u0131 da \u00e7\u00f6kt\u00fc ve burada \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan binlerce ki\u015fi hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

11 Eyl\u00fcl Sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131, ABD s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7ine do\u011frudan ABD’ye yap\u0131lan ilk sald\u0131r\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sald\u0131r\u0131 \u0130ngiltere, Fransa, Almanya, Rusya, \u00c7in ve T\u00fcrkiye d\u00e2hil olmak \u00fczere pek \u00e7ok devlet taraf\u0131ndan k\u0131nand\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ABD Ba\u015fkan\u0131 George W. Bush (Corc W. Bu\u015f), sald\u0131r\u0131y\u0131 ABD’ye y\u00f6nelik bir sava\u015f ilan\u0131 olarak niteledi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ABD y\u00f6netimi ayr\u0131ca bu sald\u0131r\u0131y\u0131 d\u00fcnyadaki t\u00fcm \u00f6zg\u00fcr ve demokratik \u00fclkelere y\u00f6nelik bir sava\u015fa benzetti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

12 Eyl\u00fcl 2001 g\u00fcn\u00fc yap\u0131lan NATO toplant\u0131s\u0131nda sald\u0131r\u0131y\u0131 NATO’nun bunu t\u00fcm \u00fcyelere yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir sald\u0131r\u0131 olarak kabul etmesini sa\u011flad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

11 Eyl\u00fcl Sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131’n\u0131 \u00fclkesine bir sava\u015f ilan\u0131 olarak kabul eden ABD y\u00f6netimi, sald\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n arkas\u0131nda oldu\u011funa inand\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fclkelere kar\u015f\u0131 sava\u015f ba\u015flatt\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130lk olarak sald\u0131r\u0131y\u0131 \u00fcstlenen El-Kaide adl\u0131 ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn konumland\u0131\u011f\u0131 Afganistan’a kar\u015f\u0131 asker\u00ee bir operasyon ba\u015flat\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

7 Ekim 2001’de ba\u015flayan bu harek\u00e2t sonucunda Afganistan’daki Taliban y\u00f6netimi devrildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ABD, Afganistan’\u0131 i\u015fgal etti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

11 Eyl\u00fcl Sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131’n\u0131 destekledi\u011fi ve kitle imha silahlar\u0131 bulundurdu\u011fu iddias\u0131yla ABD, 20 Mart 2003’te Irak’a kar\u015f\u0131 asker\u00ee operasyon ba\u015flatt\u0131 ve Irak’\u0131 yeniden i\u015fgal etti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ABD kendi politikas\u0131 i\u00e7in tehlikeli g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u0130ran ve Kuzey Kore’ye kar\u015f\u0131 \u00c7ek Cumhuriyeti ve Polonya’ya “K\u00fcresel F\u00fcze Kalkan\u0131” ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda f\u00fcze sistemleri yerle\u015ftirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fakat bunu kendisine kar\u015f\u0131 bir hareket olarak g\u00f6ren Rusya, ABD’ye sert tepki g\u00f6sterdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

11 Eyl\u00fcl Sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131’ndan sonra d\u00fcnya siyaseti, So\u011fuk Sava\u015f D\u00f6nemi’ndeki Do\u011fu-Bat\u0131 Bloku \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131ndan k\u00fcresel ter\u00f6re kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadele anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u015fekline d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Irak\u2019taki Geli\u015fmeler<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Irak’\u0131n 2003’te ABD taraf\u0131ndan i\u015fgalinden sonra Irak’\u0131n yeniden yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 s\u00fcreci ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ABD taraf\u0131ndan Irak’\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131na getirilen sivil y\u00f6neticiyle y\u00f6netimi payla\u015facak olan Ge\u00e7ici H\u00fck\u00fbmet Konseyi taraf\u0131ndan 13’\u00fc \u015eii, 5’i S\u00fcnni, 5’i K\u00fcrt, 1’i T\u00fcrkmen ve 1’i Asuri olan 25 bakandan olu\u015fan Irak H\u00fck\u00fbmeti kuruldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ABD g\u00fc\u00e7leri, yeni Irak h\u00fck\u00fbmeti ile imzalad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcvenlik antla\u015fmas\u0131yla belli \u015fartlarda Irak’taki etki ve varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 korumay\u0131 garanti alt\u0131na alarak 2009’dan itibaren askerlerini Irak’tan \u00e7ekmeye ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yeni Irak h\u00fck\u00fbmeti \u00fclkede otoriteyi kuramad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Irak, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck ham petrol rezervine sahip \u00fclkelerinden biri oldu\u011fundan b\u00f6lgedeki m\u00fccadeleler denetimsiz silahl\u0131 gruplar\u0131n boru hatlar\u0131na ve pompa merkezlerine s\u00fcrekli sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 nedeniyle artarak devam etti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dclke siyasetinin mezhep ve a\u015firet esas\u0131 \u00fczerinden belirlenmesi \u00fclkede istikrars\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 art\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu istikrars\u0131zl\u0131ktan yararlanan PKK ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc, Irak’\u0131n kuzeyinde \u00fcslenmi\u015f ve T\u00fcrkiye’ye kar\u015f\u0131 ter\u00f6r sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2014’te Irak’\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck kentlerinden Musul ve Tikrit’in yan\u0131 s\u0131ra b\u00f6lgedeki baz\u0131 kentlerde kontrol\u00fc ele ge\u00e7iren DAE\u015e ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc, hem b\u00f6lge hem de T\u00fcrkiye i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck bir tehdit h\u00e2line gelmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Irak’\u0131n bu durumu T\u00fcrkiye i\u00e7in ciddi bir g\u00fcvenlik sorunu h\u00e2line gelmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Suriye\u2019deki Geli\u015fmeler<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

2010’da Orta Do\u011fu \u00fclkelerindeki demokratik olmayan y\u00f6netimlere kar\u015f\u0131 ba\u015flayan ve Arap Bahar\u0131 olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan s\u00fcre\u00e7, her \u00fclkede farkl\u0131 etkilere yol a\u00e7t\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Arap Bahar\u0131’n\u0131n etkisiyle Suriye’deki tek partili Baas rejimine kar\u015f\u0131 ba\u015flayan protestolar, rejimin sert tutumu sonucu bir i\u00e7 sava\u015fa d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ABD, \u0130ran ve Rusya’n\u0131n do\u011frudan ya da dolayl\u0131 yollardan destekledikleri gruplar arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile Suriye’ye m\u00fcdahale etmesi \u00fclkeyi b\u00fcy\u00fck bir y\u0131k\u0131ma s\u00fcr\u00fckledi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Suriye’de devlet otoritesinin ortadan kalkmas\u0131yla birlikte DAE\u015e ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc g\u00fc\u00e7lendi ve T\u00fcrkiye i\u00e7in bir tehdit h\u00e2line geldi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

DAE\u015e, T\u00fcrkiye’nin s\u0131n\u0131r yerle\u015fimlerine zaman zaman ter\u00f6r sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra PKK’n\u0131n Suriye kolu olan PYD ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc \u00fclkedeki otorite bo\u015flu\u011fundan yararlanarak Suriye\u2019nin kuzeyinde etkin h\u00e2le geldi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

DEA\u015e ter\u00f6r\u00fc ile m\u00fccadele bahanesi ile \u00f6zellikle ABD taraf\u0131ndan silahland\u0131r\u0131lan PYD ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc, Suriye\u2019nin kuzeyini ele ge\u00e7irerek devletle\u015fmeye do\u011fru gitmek istedi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fakat 24 A\u011fustos 2016’da T\u00fcrk Silahl\u0131 Kuvvetlerinin \u00d6zg\u00fcr Suriye Ordusu (\u00d6SO) ile birlikte ba\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 F\u0131rat Kalkan\u0131 Harek\u00e2t\u0131 ile PYD’nin uygulamak istedi\u011fi plan\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7ildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Azez, Cerablus ve El Bab b\u00f6lgeleri DAE\u015e’ten temizlenerek huzur sa\u011fland\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Suriyeli M\u00fclteciler<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

2011’de ba\u015flayan Suriye olaylar\u0131n\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck etkisi Suriye ile en uzun kara s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131na sahip \u00fclke olan T\u00fcrkiye’de hissedildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Suriye’de ya\u015fanan insani bunal\u0131m\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fcmesi sonucunda 2011’de 300-400 kadar Suriye yurtta\u015f\u0131n\u0131n Hatay ili Yaylada\u011f\u0131 il\u00e7esindeki Cilveg\u00f6z\u00fc S\u0131n\u0131r Kap\u0131s\u0131’na do\u011fru hareketlenmesi, Suriye’den T\u00fcrkiye’ye y\u00f6nelik ilk toplu g\u00f6\u00e7 hareketini olu\u015fturdu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2015 y\u0131l\u0131 itibariyle; 10 ilde 47.488 \u00e7ad\u0131r ve b\u00f6lme, 11.857 konteyner olmak \u00fczere toplam 59.295 yerle\u015fkede Suriyeli m\u00fclteciler bar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Suriye’de i\u00e7 sava\u015f\u0131n \u015fiddetinin artmas\u0131 \u00fczerine T\u00fcrkiye’ye yap\u0131lan g\u00f6\u00e7ler artarak devam etti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcrkiye, sava\u015ftan ka\u00e7an Suriye halk\u0131n\u0131 etnik k\u00f6ken ve inan\u00e7 g\u00f6zetmeden \u201ca\u00e7\u0131k kap\u0131\u201d ilkesi ve \u201cge\u00e7ici koruma\u201d politikas\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde kabul edece\u011fini duyurdu ve bu politikas\u0131na sad\u0131k kald\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nisan 2011 ile Aral\u0131k 2014 aras\u0131nda ge\u00e7en 3,5 y\u0131l\u0131 a\u015fan s\u00fcrede, 4,5-5 milyar dolar\u0131n \u00fczerinde bir harcama yapan T\u00fcrkiye’ye, uluslararas\u0131 kurulu\u015flar ve di\u011fer \u00fclkelerden gelen mali destek sadece %3 dolay\u0131nda kald\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2016 y\u0131l\u0131 verilerine g\u00f6re T\u00fcrkiye 3 milyon Suriyeli m\u00fclteciye ev sahipli\u011fi yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcrkiye ki\u015fi ba\u015f\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fen mill\u00ee gelire oranla d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en \u00e7ok yard\u0131m yapan \u00fclkesidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Suriye’deki i\u00e7 sava\u015ftan ka\u00e7an m\u00fclteciler i\u00e7in T\u00fcrkiye 35 milyar dolar\u0131n \u00fczerinde harcama yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcrkiye, Suriyeli m\u00fclteci hareketini acil m\u00fcdahale edilmesi gereken bir durum olarak g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f ve bu kapsamda AFAD’\u0131 (Afet ve Acil Durum Y\u00f6netimi Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131) g\u00f6revlendirmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcrkiye, Suriyeli m\u00fcltecileri yaln\u0131zca m\u00fclteci kamplar\u0131nda bar\u0131nd\u0131rmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2016’dan itibaren Suriyeli m\u00fcltecileri T\u00fcrkiye toplumuna kayna\u015ft\u0131rma projelerinin \u00f6n\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u00fclteciler, b\u00fct\u00fcn bakanl\u0131k ve kurumlar\u0131n stratejik planlar\u0131na d\u00e2hil edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Bu yaz\u0131m\u0131zda g\u00fcncel m\u00fcfredata g\u00f6re haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u00a012. s\u0131n\u0131f T.C. \u0130nk\u0131lap Tarihi ve Atat\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fck dersi\u00a08. \u00fcnitesi olan\u00a021. Y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n E\u015fi\u011finde T\u00fcrkiye ve D\u00fcnya\u00a0\u00fcnitesinin \u00f6zet ders notlar\u0131n\u0131 payla\u015f\u0131yoruz.\u00a012. s\u0131n\u0131f […]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1339,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_regular_price":[],"currency_symbol":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[159],"tags":[95,6],"class_list":["post-1835","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-12-sinif-inkilap-tarihi-ders-notlari","tag-12-sinif-inkilap-tarihi","tag-tarih-ders-notlari"],"post_slider_layout_featured_media_urls":{"thumbnail":["https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/12.SINIF-INKILAP-NOTLAR-150x150.png",150,150,true],"post_slider_layout_landscape_large":["https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/12.SINIF-INKILAP-NOTLAR-1200x720.png",1200,720,true],"post_slider_layout_portrait_large":["https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/12.SINIF-INKILAP-NOTLAR-1200x720.png",1200,720,true],"post_slider_layout_square_large":["https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/12.SINIF-INKILAP-NOTLAR-1200x720.png",1200,720,true],"post_slider_layout_landscape":["https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/12.SINIF-INKILAP-NOTLAR-600x400.png",600,400,true],"post_slider_layout_portrait":["https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/12.SINIF-INKILAP-NOTLAR-600x720.png",600,720,true],"post_slider_layout_square":["https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/12.SINIF-INKILAP-NOTLAR-600x600.png",600,600,true],"full":["https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/12.SINIF-INKILAP-NOTLAR.png",1280,720,false]},"yoast_head":"\n\u0130nk\u0131lap Tarihi 8. \u00dcnite\u00a021. 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