{"id":1911,"date":"2024-11-14T21:26:43","date_gmt":"2024-11-14T18:26:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/?p=1911"},"modified":"2024-11-14T21:26:46","modified_gmt":"2024-11-14T18:26:46","slug":"beylikten-devlete-osmanli-medeniyeti-soru-cevap","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/index.php\/2024\/11\/14\/beylikten-devlete-osmanli-medeniyeti-soru-cevap\/","title":{"rendered":"Beylikten Devlete Osmanl\u0131 Medeniyeti Soru-Cevap"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Bu yaz\u0131m\u0131zda\u00a0g\u00fcncel m\u00fcfredata<\/strong>\u00a0g\u00f6re haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u00a010. s\u0131n\u0131f tarih dersi 4. \u00fcnitesi<\/strong>\u00a0olan\u00a0Beylikten Devlete Osmanl\u0131 Medeniyeti soru- cevap<\/strong>\u00a0\u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 payla\u015f\u0131yoruz.\u00a010. s\u0131n\u0131f tarih soru cevap<\/strong>\u00a0\u00e7al\u0131\u015fmam\u0131z sayesinde ders kitab\u0131ndaki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma sorular\u0131n\u0131 rahatl\u0131kla \u00e7\u00f6zeceksiniz.\u00a010. s\u0131n\u0131f tarih yaz\u0131l\u0131ya haz\u0131rl\u0131k\u00a0<\/strong>\u00e7al\u0131\u015fmam\u0131zdaki sorular sizleri\u00a010. s\u0131n\u0131f tarih yaz\u0131l\u0131s\u0131na<\/strong>\u00a0haz\u0131rlayacak.\u00a0Tarih dersi 10. s\u0131n\u0131f sorular<\/strong>\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zerek\u00a0tyt tarih\u00a0<\/strong>ve\u00a0ayt tarih\u00a0<\/strong>s\u0131navlar\u0131nda ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olacaks\u0131n\u0131z.\u00a0Yeni tarih 10 ders kitab\u0131na\u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0uygun olarak haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u00a010. s\u0131n\u0131f tarih sorular\u0131<\/strong>\u00a0a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki konular\u0131 kapsamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

10. S\u0131n\u0131f Tarih Dersi 4. \u00dcnite: Beylikten Devlete Osmanl\u0131 Medeniyeti<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

10.4.1. S\u00fbf\u00eelerin ve \u00e2limlerin \u00f6\u011fretilerinin Anadolu\u2019nun \u0130slamla\u015fmas\u0131na etkisini a\u00e7\u0131klar.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mo\u011fol \u0130stilas\u0131 sonras\u0131 Anadolu\u2019nun \u0130slamla\u015fmas\u0131na etki eden alim ve sufiler kimlerdir?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hoca Ahmet Yesevi, Mevl\u00e2n\u00e2 Cel\u00e2ledd\u00een-i R\u00fbm\u00ee, Hac\u0131 Bekt\u00e2\u015f-\u0131 Veli, Ahi Evran, Yunus Emre ve Hac\u0131 Bayr\u00e2m-\u0131 Veli vb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hoca Ahmet Yesevi kimdir?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pir\u00ee T\u00fcrkistan olarak an\u0131lan Hoca Ahmet Yesevi, (1093- 1166) Div\u00e2n-\u0131 Hikmet adl\u0131 eseriyle \u0130slamiyet \u00f6\u011fretisinde s\u00f6z sahibi oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

O, \u0130slam medeniyetine girmeye ba\u015flayan T\u00fcrk boylar\u0131na \u0130slami bilgileri \u00f6\u011fretti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hac\u0131 Bekt\u00e2\u015f-I Veli (1209- 1271) kimdir?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hoca Ahmet Yesevi\u2019nin kurmu\u015f oldu\u011fu \u201cYesev\u00eelik Tarikat\u0131n\u0131n Anadolu\u2019daki en b\u00fcy\u00fck uygulay\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131ndan olan Hac\u0131 Bekt\u00e2\u015f-\u0131 Veli, Anadolu\u2019da bir zaviye kurarak halk\u0131 ayd\u0131nlatmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fikirlerini \u201cMakalat\u201d adl\u0131 eserinde toplad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Halifelerini Balkanlara, Rumeli\u2019ye g\u00f6ndererek, buradaki halk\u0131n \u0130slamla\u015fmas\u0131na katk\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En \u00f6nemli eserleri Mesnevi ve Divan-\u0131 Kebir olan Konya\u2019da ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f \u00fcnl\u00fc alim kimdir?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mevl\u00e2n\u00e2 Cel\u00e2ledd\u00een-i R\u00fbm\u00ee<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ahi Evran kimdir?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcrkiye Sel\u00e7uklu Devleti\u2019nden de destek g\u00f6ren Ahi Evran, Kayseri\u2019de F\u00fct\u00fcvvet te\u015fkilat\u0131ndan esinlenerek ilk Ahi te\u015fkilat\u0131n\u0131 burada kurdu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

XIII.   y\u00fczy\u0131ldan itibaren Ankara ve K\u0131r\u015fehir\u2019de toplanan Ahiler, k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede Sel\u00e7uklu \u015fehirlerine yay\u0131ld\u0131lar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yunus Emre kimdir?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

XIII. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda, T\u00fcrkiye Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131n\u0131n son d\u00f6nemlerinde ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f bir s\u00fbfi idi. Fars\u00e7a ve Arap\u00e7an\u0131n genel kabul g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bir d\u00f6nemde, duygu ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerini sade bir T\u00fcrk\u00e7e ile yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hac\u0131 Bayr\u00e2m-I Veli kimdir?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bilim ve tasavvufu birle\u015ftirmeyi ba\u015fard\u0131. \u00d6nce m\u00fcderris oldu, medreselerde bir\u00e7ok \u00f6\u011frenci yeti\u015ftirdi. Sonra da tasavvuf yolunda ilerledi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

O, sevenlerini el eme\u011fi ile ge\u00e7inmeye ve el sanatlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenmeye y\u00f6nlendirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Herkese \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma tavsiyesinde bulundu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

10.4.2. Osmanl\u0131 devlet idaresinin ilmiye, kalemiye ve seyfiye s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131n\u0131n birlikteli\u011fine dayal\u0131 yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 analiz eder.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Osmanl\u0131 devlet idaresi (y\u00f6neticiler) hangi s\u0131n\u0131flardan olu\u015furdu?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Seyfiye (asker\u00ee b\u00fcrokrasi),<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130lmiye (din, e\u011fitim ve hukuk b\u00fcrokrasisi)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kalemiye (sivil b\u00fcrokrasi)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Seyfiye s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131nda kimler bulunurdu?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vezir-i \u00e2zam, vezirler, kaptan\u0131derya, yeni\u00e7eri a\u011fas\u0131, beylerbeyleri, sancak beyleri<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Seyfiye s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n Divan-\u0131 H\u00fcmayun\u2019daki temsilcileri kimlerdir?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Seyfiyenin Div\u00e2n-\u0131 H\u00fcm\u00e2yundaki temsilcileri vezir-i \u00e2zam, vezirler, kaptan\u0131derya ve yeni\u00e7eri a\u011fas\u0131 idi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kalemiye s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n Divan-\u0131 H\u00fcmayun\u2019daki temsilcileri kimlerdir?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Anadolu ve Rumeli defterdarlar\u0131, ni\u015fanc\u0131 ve reis\u00fclk\u00fcttap<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130lmiye s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 mensup g\u00f6revliler kimlerdir?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kazasker, \u015feyh\u00fclislam, m\u00fcderris, kad\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Seyfiye s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6revleri nelerdir?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Y\u00f6netim, askerlik g\u00f6revi ve \u00fclkenin i\u00e7 ve d\u0131\u015f g\u00fcvenli\u011finin sa\u011flanmas\u0131ndan sorumluydu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Defterdar, Ni\u015fanc\u0131 ve Reis\u00fclk\u00fcttap\u2019\u0131n g\u00f6revleri nelerdir?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Devletin i\u00e7 ve d\u0131\u015f yaz\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131, hazine arazileri ile ilgili kay\u0131tlar\u0131n tutulmas\u0131 ni\u015fanc\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6reviydi. Mali i\u015flerden defterdar sorumluydu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ayr\u0131ca ba\u015fta reis\u00fclk\u00fcttap olmak \u00fczere Div\u00e2n toplant\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcrokratik i\u015flemlerini y\u00fcr\u00fcten k\u00e2tipler ile \u00fclke genelindeki her t\u00fcrl\u00fc yaz\u0131\u015fma i\u015flerini yerine getiren memurlar da kalemiye s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131na d\u00e2hildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kazasker\u2019in g\u00f6revleri nelerdir?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kazaskerler Div\u00e2na gelen davalar\u0131 dinler ve karara ba\u011flarlar ayr\u0131ca kad\u0131 ve m\u00fcderrislerin atamas\u0131n\u0131 yapar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nde fetva vermek kimin g\u00f6reviydi?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u015eeyh\u00fclislam<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130lmiye s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131nda yer alan \u201cKad\u0131lar\u0131n\u201d g\u00f6revi nedir?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kazalar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda ise ilmiye s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131na mensup kad\u0131lar bulunurdu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kad\u0131lar, bulundu\u011fu kazada devletin \u015feri ve \u00f6rfi kanunlar\u0131n\u0131 uygular, merkezden gelen emirleri yerine getirirdi. Bir yarg\u0131\u00e7 olarak davalara bakarlard\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kad\u0131lar\u0131n evlenme, bo\u015fanma, vak\u0131f kurma, kiralama, vek\u00e2let verme, al\u0131m sat\u0131m gibi i\u015flemlerin karara ba\u011flanmas\u0131 gibi g\u00f6rev ve sorumluluklar\u0131 da vard\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kad\u0131lar\u0131n verdi\u011fi kararlar \u015feriye defterlerine kaydedilirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kad\u0131lar, bulundu\u011fu kazada belediye hizmetlerini de yerine getirirlerdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130lk Osmanl\u0131 kad\u0131s\u0131 kimdir?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130lk kad\u0131 Osman Bey zaman\u0131nda atanan Dursun Fakih idi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

10.4.3. Osmanl\u0131 co\u011frafyas\u0131ndaki bilim, k\u00fclt\u00fcr, sanat ve zanaat faaliyetleri ile bunlara ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak sosyal hayatta meydana gelen de\u011fi\u015fimleri analiz eder.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nde e\u011fitim ve \u00f6\u011fretim etkinli\u011finin yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 en temel kurum neresidir?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En temel kurum medreseydi. Medreselerde verilen e\u011fitim, orta\u00f6\u011fretim ve y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretim d\u00fczeyindeydi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130lk Osmanl\u0131 medresesi nerede, kim taraf\u0131ndan kuruldu?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130lk Osmanl\u0131 medresesi Orhan Bey D\u00f6nemi\u2019nde \u0130znik\u2019te a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin ilk m\u00fcderrisi kimdir?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mevl\u00e2n\u00e2 Davud el-Kayser\u00ee<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ak\u015femseddin (1390-1459) kimdir?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fatih Sultan Mehmet\u2019in lalas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ayasofya\u2019da ilk cuma namaz\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131ld\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ak\u015femseddin, Amasya ve Osmanc\u0131k medreselerinde t\u0131p, eczac\u0131l\u0131k ve tasavvuf alan\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yapt\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cMaddet\u00fc\u2019l- Hayat\u201d adl\u0131 eserinde ilk defa baz\u0131 hastal\u0131klar\u0131n, tohum ad\u0131n\u0131 verdi\u011fi mikroplardan kaynakland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ne s\u00fcrd\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yine Ak\u015femseddin ayn\u0131 eserinde, Pasteur (Past\u00f6r)\u2019den \u00e7ok daha \u00f6nce baz\u0131 hastal\u0131klar\u0131n kal\u0131t\u0131m yoluyla ge\u00e7ti\u011fini s\u00f6yledi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ulu\u011f Bey (1394-1449) kimdir?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Timur\u2019un torunu ve Timur Devleti\u2019nin d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 olan Ulu\u011f Bey ayn\u0131 zamanda matematik ve astronomi alan\u0131nda yapm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarla T\u00fcrk \u0130slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda nam kazand\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ulu\u011f Bey, h\u00fck\u00fcmdarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6neminde, Semerkant\u2019ta medrese ve rasathane in\u015fa ettirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ali Ku\u015f\u00e7u (1403-1474) kimdir?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ali Ku\u015f\u00e7u, ilk \u00f6\u011frenimini Semerkant\u2019ta yapt\u0131. Sonra Bursal\u0131 Kad\u0131zade Rum\u00ee ile Ulu\u011f Bey\u2019den matematik ve astronomi dersleri ald\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir eseri Ulu\u011f Bey\u2019e sundu. Bu eser, \u201cAy\u2019\u0131n, Toprak \u015eekillerine Dair Risaleler\u201d ad\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dcnl\u00fc Semerkant Rasathanesinde m\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fck yapt\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tebriz\u2019e gelip Akkoyunlu H\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 Uzun Hasan\u2019\u0131n hizmetine girdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fatih Sultan Mehmet\u2019in daveti \u00fczerine \u0130stanbul\u2019a yerle\u015fti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ayasofya Medresesi m\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne getirildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1474 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00f6len bu b\u00fcy\u00fck bilgin, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki ilk ve ger\u00e7ek astronomi hocas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ah\u015fap i\u015f\u00e7ili\u011fiyle u\u011fra\u015fan sanatk\u00e2rlara ne denir?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Neccar<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6nemi Hat sanat\u0131 hakk\u0131nda bilgi veriniz.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yaz\u0131 veya \u00e7izgi anlam\u0131na gelen \u201chat\u201d, g\u00fczel yaz\u0131 yazma sanat\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hat sanat\u0131 ile u\u011fra\u015fanlara ise \u201chattat\u201d denilir. XVI. y\u00fczy\u0131lda yeti\u015fen en \u00f6nemli hattatlardan biri olan Amasyal\u0131 \u015eeyh Hamdullah, Osmanl\u0131 hat sanat\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015fmesine \u00f6nemli katk\u0131da bulundu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

XVI. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n \u00fcnl\u00fc hattat\u0131 ise Ahmet Karahisari\u2019dir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eb\u00fc\u2019l-Hayrat olarak an\u0131lan Osmanl\u0131 padi\u015fah\u0131 kimdir?<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

II. Murad<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Osmanl\u0131 \u015fehir plan\u0131na h\u00e2kim unsurlar nelerdir?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cami, bedesten (kapal\u0131 \u00e7ar\u015f\u0131) ve imaret (yemek da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lan yer) klasik d\u00f6nem Osmanl\u0131 \u015fehir plan\u0131na h\u00e2kim unsurlard\u0131. \u015eehrin as\u0131l merkezini bedestenler olu\u015fturmaktayd\u0131. Bedestenlerin etraf\u0131nda ise hanlar bulunmaktayd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u00fclliye nedir?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

De\u011fi\u015fik fonksiyonlardaki birka\u00e7 yap\u0131n\u0131n bir arada yer almas\u0131 ile olu\u015fan binalar toplulu\u011fdur. Bir caminin \u00e7evresinde camiyle birlikte yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f medrese, imaret, sebil, kitapl\u0131k, hastane gibi yap\u0131lar\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fc k\u00fclliyeyi olu\u015fturur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130marethane nedir?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yoksullara, medrese \u00f6\u011frencilerine, tekkelerde kalanlara, yolculara yemek da\u011f\u0131tmak \u00fczere kurulmu\u015f olan imarethaneler, kamu hizmeti g\u00f6ren \u00f6nemli hay\u0131r kurumlan niteli\u011findeydi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mimar Sinan\u2019\u0131n \u00e7\u0131rakl\u0131k, kalfal\u0131k ve ustal\u0131k eserlerini yaz\u0131n\u0131z.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n