{"id":2909,"date":"2025-10-18T17:39:00","date_gmt":"2025-10-18T14:39:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/?p=2909"},"modified":"2025-10-02T08:48:26","modified_gmt":"2025-10-02T05:48:26","slug":"cagdas-turk-ve-dunya-tarihi-2-unite-ii-dunya-savasi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/index.php\/2025\/10\/18\/cagdas-turk-ve-dunya-tarihi-2-unite-ii-dunya-savasi\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00c7a\u011fda\u015f T\u00fcrk ve D\u00fcnya Tarihi 2. \u00dcnite: II. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u00c7a\u011fda\u015f T\u00fcrk ve D\u00fcnya Tarihi Dersi\u00a0<\/strong>liselerde se\u00e7meli olarak okutulan bir derstir. Bu sayfada payla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u00a0<strong>\u00c7a\u011fda\u015f T\u00fcrk ve D\u00fcnya Tarihi \u00f6zet ders notlar\u0131 <\/strong>sayesinde\u00a0s\u0131navda kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fabilece\u011finiz t\u00fcm konulara hakim olacaks\u0131n\u0131z. Bu \u00f6zet ders notlar\u0131\u00a0<strong>Milli E\u011fitim Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 m\u00fcfredat\u0131na<\/strong>\u00a0uygun olarak haz\u0131rland\u0131. Bu ders notlar\u0131 sayesinde\u00a0<strong>Se\u00e7meli \u00c7a\u011fda\u015f T\u00fcrk ve D\u00fcnya Tarihi Dersi yaz\u0131l\u0131s\u0131<\/strong>ndan 100 alacaks\u0131n\u0131z.\u00a0<strong>\u00c7a\u011fda\u015f T\u00fcrk ve D\u00fcnya Tarihi\u00a02. \u00dcnite: II. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131<\/strong> <strong>Ders Notu<\/strong>\u00a0<strong>MEB ders kitaplar\u0131<\/strong>\u00a0ile uyumludur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">S\u0131n\u0131f:&nbsp;<strong>Se\u00e7meli tarih<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ders:\u00a0<strong>\u00c7a\u011fda\u015f T\u00fcrk ve D\u00fcnya Tarihi<\/strong> <strong>pdf<\/strong> indir<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00dcnite:\u00a0<strong>2. \u00fcnite: II. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0130lgili yaz\u0131l\u0131:<strong>\u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0<strong>\u00c7a\u011fda\u015f T\u00fcrk ve D\u00fcnya Tarihi 1. d\u00f6nem 1. yaz\u0131l\u0131<\/strong>, \u00a0<strong>\u00c7a\u011fda\u015f T\u00fcrk ve D\u00fcnya Tarihi 1. d\u00f6nem 2. yaz\u0131l\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. \u00dcnite: II. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>II. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131&#8217;na Neden Olan Geli\u015fmeler<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>I. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131<\/strong> sonras\u0131 kurulan siyasi, ekonomik ve askeri denge, yeni sorunlara yol a\u00e7t\u0131.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Paris Bar\u0131\u015f Konferans\u0131<\/strong>&#8216;nda <strong>\u0130ngiltere<\/strong> ve <strong>Fransa<\/strong>&#8216;n\u0131n \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 do\u011frultusunda bir d\u00fcnya d\u00fczeni kuruldu.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bu yeni d\u00fczene kar\u015f\u0131 tepkiler artt\u0131.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Almanya&#8217;da <strong>Hitler<\/strong> ve \u0130talya&#8217;da <strong>Mussolini<\/strong> gibi liderlerin g\u00fc\u00e7lenmesi gerginli\u011fi t\u0131rmand\u0131rd\u0131.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Japonya&#8217;da ordunun siyasete hakim olmas\u0131 da \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ate\u015fledi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Alman<\/strong>, <strong>Avusturya-Macaristan<\/strong> ve <strong>Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorluklar\u0131n\u0131n<\/strong> y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7ler dengesini bozdu.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Rusya&#8217;daki rejim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi de bu dengesizli\u011fi art\u0131rd\u0131.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>B\u00fcy\u00fck G\u00fc\u00e7lerin Politikalar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Almanya<\/strong>, <strong>\u0130talya<\/strong> ve <strong>Japonya<\/strong>, n\u00fcfuz alanlar\u0131n\u0131 geni\u015fletmeye y\u00f6nelik politikalar izledi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0130ngiltere<\/strong> ve <strong>Fransa<\/strong>, bar\u0131\u015f antla\u015fmalar\u0131yla elde ettikleri avantajl\u0131 durumu korumak istedi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>ABD<\/strong> ve <strong>SSCB<\/strong> ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta tarafs\u0131z kalarak Avrupa&#8217;daki geli\u015fmeleri izledi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>1929 Ekonomik Buhran\u0131<\/strong>, bask\u0131c\u0131 rejimlerin g\u00fc\u00e7lenmesinde ve yay\u0131lmac\u0131 politikalar\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131nda \u00e7ok etkili oldu.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>ABD<\/strong>, I. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131&#8217;nda verdi\u011fi bor\u00e7lar\u0131 geri alamay\u0131nca daha temkinli bir d\u0131\u015f politika izlemeye ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>K\u00fcresel G\u00fc\u00e7lerin Politikalar\u0131: I. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 Sonras\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>ABD<\/strong>: Yaln\u0131zl\u0131k politikas\u0131na d\u00f6nerek Avrupa&#8217;n\u0131n i\u00e7 i\u015flerine kar\u0131\u015fmad\u0131. <strong>Washington Deniz Silahs\u0131zlanmas\u0131 Konferans\u0131<\/strong> ile Japonya&#8217;n\u0131n geni\u015flemesini engellemeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0130ngiltere<\/strong>: Denge politikas\u0131na geri d\u00f6nd\u00fc. Fransa&#8217;n\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7lenmesinden rahats\u0131z oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in Almanya&#8217;n\u0131n silahlanmas\u0131na, <strong>S\u00fcdetler B\u00f6lgesi<\/strong>&#8216;ni i\u015fgaline ve <strong>Avusturya<\/strong>&#8216;y\u0131 ilhak etmesine g\u00f6z yumdu.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Fransa<\/strong>: G\u00fcvenli\u011fini sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in yeni ittifaklar arad\u0131 ve Almanya&#8217;n\u0131n <strong>Versailles Antla\u015fmas\u0131<\/strong>&#8216;na uymas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7abalad\u0131.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Almanya<\/strong>: <strong>Hitler<\/strong> iktidara gelince <strong>Versailles Antla\u015fmas\u0131<\/strong>&#8216;n\u0131n k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar\u0131ndan kurtulmay\u0131 ve topraklar\u0131n\u0131 geni\u015fletmeyi hedefledi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>SSCB<\/strong>: <strong>1917 Bol\u015fevik \u0130htilali<\/strong> sonras\u0131 Bat\u0131 ile ili\u015fkilerini kesti. <strong>1933<\/strong>&#8216;ten sonra <strong>Hitler<\/strong>&#8216;in politikalar\u0131ndan rahats\u0131z olup <strong>Fransa<\/strong> ile ittifak kurmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ve <strong>Milletler Cemiyeti<\/strong>&#8216;ne \u00fcyelik i\u00e7in ba\u015fvurdu.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0130talya<\/strong>: I. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131&#8217;ndan istedi\u011fini alamad\u0131. <strong>Fa\u015fist Parti<\/strong> iktidar\u0131yla Balkanlar ve hammadde kayna\u011f\u0131 olarak g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc <strong>Etiyopya<\/strong>&#8216;y\u0131 (Habe\u015fistan) hedef alarak geni\u015flemeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Japonya<\/strong>: Sanayi i\u00e7in gerekli hammaddelere ula\u015fmak amac\u0131yla Uzak Do\u011fu&#8217;daki s\u00f6m\u00fcrge topraklar\u0131n\u0131 geni\u015fletmeye ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Kal\u0131c\u0131 Bar\u0131\u015f Aray\u0131\u015flar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Milletler Cemiyeti<\/strong>, uluslararas\u0131 bar\u0131\u015f\u0131 sa\u011flamada yetersiz kald\u0131 ve <strong>1930<\/strong>&#8216;lardan sonra etkinli\u011fini yitirdi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Fransa, Almanya&#8217;n\u0131n <strong>Versailles Antla\u015fmas\u0131<\/strong>&#8216;n\u0131 uygulama bask\u0131s\u0131 nedeniyle gerginlik ya\u015fad\u0131.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>1 Aral\u0131k 1925<\/strong>&#8216;te <strong>Almanya, Fransa, \u0130ngiltere, \u0130talya, Bel\u00e7ika, \u00c7ekoslovakya<\/strong> ve <strong>Polonya<\/strong> aras\u0131nda <strong>Locarno Antla\u015fmas\u0131<\/strong> imzaland\u0131.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bu antla\u015fma Avrupa&#8217;daki siyasi gerginli\u011fi azaltt\u0131 ve <strong>Almanya<\/strong>, <strong>Milletler Cemiyeti<\/strong>&#8216;ne kabul edildi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Almanya, bat\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7in g\u00fcvence verirken do\u011fu s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7in ayn\u0131 g\u00fcvenceyi vermedi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Briand-Kellogg Pakt\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Fransa, g\u00fcvenli\u011fini sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in <strong>ABD<\/strong> ile &#8220;ebed\u00ee bar\u0131\u015f pakt\u0131&#8221; imzalamay\u0131 \u00f6nerdi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>ABD<\/strong>, bu pakt\u0131 t\u00fcm devletlerle yapabilece\u011fini bildirdi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Fransa D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakan\u0131 <strong>Briand<\/strong> ve ABD D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakan\u0131 <strong>Kellogg<\/strong> aras\u0131nda <strong>Briand-Kellogg Pakt\u0131 (27 A\u011fustos 1928)<\/strong> imzaland\u0131.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pakta <strong>Fransa, ABD, \u0130ngiltere, \u0130talya, Bel\u00e7ika, \u00c7ekoslovakya, Polonya, Almanya<\/strong> ve <strong>Japonya<\/strong> kat\u0131ld\u0131. Sonradan <strong>T\u00fcrkiye<\/strong> ve <strong>SSCB<\/strong> de dahil oldu.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pakta g\u00f6re savunmaya dayanmayan sava\u015f yasakland\u0131 ve anla\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131n bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131 yollarla \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmesi kabul edildi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ancak bu pakt da sorunlar\u0131 tam olarak \u00e7\u00f6zemedi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Yay\u0131lmac\u0131 Politikalar<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Bar\u0131\u015f \u00e7abalar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z olmas\u0131nda baz\u0131 \u00fclkelerin yay\u0131lmac\u0131 politikalar\u0131 etkili oldu.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Almanya<\/strong>: &#8220;<strong>Hayat Sahas\u0131<\/strong>&#8221; (Lebensraum) politikas\u0131 ile Avrasya&#8217;daki hammadde ve enerji kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irmeyi hedefledi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0130talya<\/strong>: &#8220;<strong>Bizim Deniz<\/strong>&#8221; (Mare Nostrum) politikas\u0131 ile Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu&#8217;nu yeniden canland\u0131r\u0131p Akdeniz&#8217;e hakim olmak istedi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Japonya<\/strong>: &#8220;<strong>Ortak Refah Alan\u0131<\/strong>&#8221; politikas\u0131 ile Asya \u00fclkelerini kendi liderli\u011finde birle\u015ftirerek Bat\u0131l\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7leri b\u00f6lgeden \u00e7\u0131karmay\u0131 ve kendi s\u00f6m\u00fcrge d\u00fczenini kurmay\u0131 ama\u00e7lad\u0131.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Almanya&#8217;n\u0131n &#8220;Hayat Sahas\u0131&#8221; Politikas\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Hitler<\/strong>, <strong>1933<\/strong>&#8216;te ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc yetkilerle iktidara geldi, insan hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerini ask\u0131ya ald\u0131.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>D\u0131\u015f politikada <strong>Versailles Antla\u015fmas\u0131<\/strong>&#8216;n\u0131 tan\u0131mad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ilan etti (<strong>16 Mart 1935<\/strong>).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Orduyu g\u00fc\u00e7lendirdi, asker say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rd\u0131 ve <strong>7 Mart 1936<\/strong>&#8216;da askerden ar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f <strong>Ren B\u00f6lgesi<\/strong>&#8216;ne girdi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>D\u0131\u015far\u0131daki Almanlar\u0131 tek \u00e7at\u0131 alt\u0131nda toplama hedefiyle <strong>12 Mart 1938<\/strong>&#8216;de <strong>Avusturya<\/strong>&#8216;y\u0131 ilhak etti.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bu politikalar <strong>Fransa<\/strong> ve <strong>SSCB<\/strong>&#8216;yi endi\u015felendirdi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0130ngiltere Ba\u015fbakan\u0131 <strong>Chamberlain<\/strong>, &#8220;yat\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma politikas\u0131&#8221; izledi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>M\u00fcnih Konferans\u0131 ve Sonras\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Gerginli\u011fi azaltmak i\u00e7in <strong>29 Eyl\u00fcl 1938<\/strong>&#8216;de <strong>\u0130ngiltere, Fransa, \u0130talya<\/strong> ve <strong>Almanya<\/strong>&#8216;n\u0131n kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131yla <strong>M\u00fcnih Konferans\u0131<\/strong> topland\u0131.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Konferans sonucunda, Almanlar\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00c7ekoslovakya&#8217;ya ait <strong>S\u00fcdetler B\u00f6lgesi<\/strong> Almanya&#8217;ya verildi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bu durum, <strong>SSCB<\/strong>&#8216;nin Bat\u0131l\u0131lara olan g\u00fcvensizli\u011fini art\u0131rd\u0131.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Hitler<\/strong>, &#8220;<strong>Hayat Sahas\u0131<\/strong>&#8221; politikas\u0131n\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc a\u015famas\u0131na ge\u00e7erek <strong>15 Mart 1939<\/strong>&#8216;da <strong>\u00c7ekoslovakya<\/strong>&#8216;y\u0131 i\u015fgal etti.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>23 Mart 1939<\/strong>&#8216;da <strong>Memel B\u00f6lgesi<\/strong>&#8216;ni Litvanya&#8217;dan ald\u0131 ve <strong>Danzig B\u00f6lgesi<\/strong> i\u00e7in Polonya&#8217;ya \u00fcltimatom verdi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Sava\u015f\u0131n Ba\u015flamas\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Polonya&#8217;n\u0131n Danzig talebini reddetmesi \u00fczerine <strong>\u0130ngiltere<\/strong> ve <strong>Fransa<\/strong>, <strong>31 Mart 1939<\/strong>&#8216;da Polonya&#8217;n\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131na garanti verdi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ancak bu garantiler Almanya&#8217;y\u0131 durdurmad\u0131.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>1 Eyl\u00fcl 1939<\/strong>&#8216;da <strong>Almanya<\/strong>, Polonya topraklar\u0131na girdi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bu i\u015fgal ile <strong>II. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131<\/strong> resmen ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0130talya&#8217;n\u0131n &#8220;Bizim Deniz&#8221; Politikas\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Mussolini<\/strong> liderli\u011findeki \u0130talya, Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu&#8217;nu yeniden kurma hedefiyle &#8220;<strong>Bizim Deniz<\/strong>&#8221; politikas\u0131n\u0131 ba\u015flatt\u0131.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Yay\u0131lma politikas\u0131na Balkanlar&#8217;dan ba\u015flad\u0131; <strong>1923<\/strong>&#8216;te Yunanistan&#8217;\u0131n <strong>Korfu<\/strong> adas\u0131n\u0131, <strong>1924<\/strong>&#8216;te Yugoslavya&#8217;n\u0131n <strong>Fiume<\/strong> B\u00f6lgesi&#8217;ni i\u015fgal etti.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Mussolini<\/strong>&#8216;nin Anadolu&#8217;yu da yay\u0131lma alan\u0131 olarak g\u00f6rmesi, Balkan devletleri ve <strong>Fransa<\/strong>&#8216;n\u0131n tepkisini \u00e7ekti.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0130ngiltere<\/strong>, ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta \u0130talya&#8217;y\u0131 Fransa&#8217;ya kar\u015f\u0131 bir denge unsuru olarak g\u00f6rd\u00fc.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>1936<\/strong>&#8216;da \u0130talya&#8217;n\u0131n <strong>Etiyopya<\/strong>&#8216;y\u0131 ilhak etmesi ve <strong>S\u00fcvey\u015f Kanal\u0131<\/strong>&#8216;na y\u00f6nelik tehdidi \u0130ngiltere&#8217;yi rahats\u0131z etti.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>1939<\/strong>&#8216;da \u0130talya&#8217;n\u0131n <strong>Arnavutluk<\/strong>&#8216;u ilhak etmesi \u00fczerine <strong>\u0130ngiltere<\/strong> ve <strong>Fransa<\/strong>, <strong>Romanya<\/strong> ve <strong>Yunanistan<\/strong>&#8216;a garanti verdi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>12 May\u0131s 1939<\/strong>&#8216;da <strong>\u0130ngiltere<\/strong> ile <strong>T\u00fcrkiye<\/strong> aras\u0131nda bir yard\u0131m deklarasyonu imzaland\u0131.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Mussolini<\/strong>, bu geli\u015fmeler \u00fczerine <strong>Almanya<\/strong> ile ili\u015fkilerini yak\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Japonya&#8217;n\u0131n &#8220;Ortak Refah Alan\u0131&#8221; Politikas\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Japonya, &#8220;<strong>Asya Asyal\u0131lar\u0131nd\u0131r<\/strong>&#8221; ilkesiyle a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 milliyet\u00e7i ve s\u00f6m\u00fcrgeci bir politika izledi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Amac\u0131, <strong>Kore, Man\u00e7urya, \u00c7in, Hindi\u00e7ini, Singapur<\/strong> ve <strong>Endonezya<\/strong> gibi b\u00f6lgelerden Bat\u0131l\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7leri \u00e7\u0131karmakt\u0131.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>B\u00f6ylece Asya&#8217;daki s\u00f6m\u00fcrge alanlar\u0131n\u0131 geni\u015fleterek hammadde ve pazar ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131layacakt\u0131.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>1929 Ekonomik Buhran\u0131<\/strong>&#8216;n\u0131n da etkisiyle askeri g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc art\u0131rd\u0131 ve s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilik faaliyetlerini h\u0131zland\u0131rd\u0131.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>1931<\/strong>&#8216;de \u00c7in&#8217;deki kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131klardan yararlanarak <strong>Man\u00e7urya<\/strong>&#8216;y\u0131 i\u015fgal etti.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Anti-Komintern Pakt\u0131 ve Sava\u015f\u0131n Yay\u0131lmas\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>1935<\/strong>&#8216;ten sonra Japonya&#8217;da ordunun y\u00f6netimdeki etkisi artt\u0131.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Yeni y\u00f6netim, Almanya ile siyasi ili\u015fkilerini geli\u015ftirdi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>25 Kas\u0131m 1936<\/strong>&#8216;da <strong>Almanya<\/strong> ile <strong>Japonya<\/strong> aras\u0131nda <strong>Anti-Komintern Pakt\u0131<\/strong> kuruldu.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pakt\u0131n amac\u0131, kom\u00fcnist faaliyetlere kar\u015f\u0131 i\u015f birli\u011fi yapmak ve <strong>SSCB<\/strong>&#8216;ye kar\u015f\u0131 ittifak olu\u015fturmakt\u0131.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Japonya, <strong>Temmuz 1937<\/strong>&#8216;den itibaren as\u0131l rakibi olan <strong>\u00c7in<\/strong>&#8216;i i\u015fgal etmeye ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>ABD, SSCB<\/strong> ve <strong>\u0130ngiltere<\/strong>, \u00c7in&#8217;i desteklese de kendi aralar\u0131ndaki \u00e7\u0131kar \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 Japonya&#8217;n\u0131n i\u015fine yarad\u0131.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Mihver ve M\u00fcttefik Devletlerin Olu\u015fumu<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Milletler Cemiyeti<\/strong>, <strong>Almanya, \u0130talya<\/strong> ve <strong>Japonya<\/strong>&#8216;n\u0131n sald\u0131rgan politikalar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda etkisiz kald\u0131.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>5 Kas\u0131m 1937<\/strong>&#8216;de <strong>\u0130talya<\/strong> da <strong>Anti-Komintern Pakt\u0131<\/strong>&#8216;na kat\u0131ld\u0131 ve <strong>Berlin-Roma-Tokyo Mihveri<\/strong> olu\u015ftu.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>22 May\u0131s 1939<\/strong>&#8216;da <strong>Almanya<\/strong> ile <strong>\u0130talya<\/strong> aras\u0131nda <strong>\u00c7elik Pakt<\/strong> imzaland\u0131.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>23 A\u011fustos 1939<\/strong>&#8216;da <strong>SSCB<\/strong> ile <strong>Almanya<\/strong> aras\u0131nda <strong>Sald\u0131rmazl\u0131k Pakt\u0131<\/strong> imzaland\u0131. Bu pakt ile Polonya&#8217;y\u0131 payla\u015ft\u0131lar.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Almanya&#8217;n\u0131n SSCB&#8217;yi i\u015fgaliyle Sovyetler, <strong>M\u00fcttefiklerin<\/strong> taraf\u0131na ge\u00e7ti.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Sava\u015f, <strong>Mihver Devletler<\/strong> (Almanya, \u0130talya, Japonya) ve <strong>M\u00fcttefik Devletler<\/strong> (\u0130ngiltere, Fransa, SSCB, ABD) aras\u0131nda alt\u0131 y\u0131l s\u00fcrd\u00fc.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Sava\u015f\u0131n Seyrini De\u011fi\u015ftiren Olaylar<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Almanya, <strong>1 Eyl\u00fcl 1939<\/strong>&#8216;da Polonya&#8217;ya girerek &#8220;<strong>y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m sava\u015f\u0131<\/strong>&#8221; tekni\u011fiyle bir\u00e7ok stratejik b\u00f6lgeyi ele ge\u00e7irdi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>3 Eyl\u00fcl<\/strong>&#8216;de <strong>\u0130ngiltere<\/strong> ve <strong>Fransa<\/strong>, Almanya&#8217;ya sava\u015f ilan etti. <strong>ABD<\/strong> tarafs\u0131z kald\u0131.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>17 Eyl\u00fcl<\/strong>&#8216;de <strong>SSCB<\/strong>, Polonya&#8217;n\u0131n do\u011fusunu i\u015fgale ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Almanya, <strong>Nisan 1940<\/strong>&#8216;ta <strong>Danimarka<\/strong>&#8216;y\u0131, ard\u0131ndan <strong>Norve\u00e7<\/strong>&#8216;i i\u015fgal etti.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>10 May\u0131s<\/strong>&#8216;ta <strong>Hollanda, Bel\u00e7ika, L\u00fcksemburg<\/strong> ve <strong>Fransa<\/strong>&#8216;ya sald\u0131rd\u0131.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Frans\u0131zlar\u0131n <strong>Maginot Hatt\u0131<\/strong>&#8216;n\u0131 a\u015farak Paris&#8217;e girdi. <strong>22 Haziran 1940<\/strong>&#8216;ta ate\u015fkes imzaland\u0131.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Barbarossa Harekat\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Fransa&#8217;n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan Almanya, \u0130ngiltere&#8217;ye y\u00f6neldi ancak hava ve deniz sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131nda ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olamad\u0131.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bunun \u00fczerine as\u0131l hedefi olan <strong>SSCB<\/strong>&#8216;ye y\u00f6neldi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Almanya&#8217;n\u0131n petrol ve hammadde ihtiyac\u0131, ayr\u0131ca Balt\u0131k \u00fclkeleri ve Romanya&#8217;n\u0131n Sovyetler taraf\u0131ndan i\u015fgali, <strong>Almanya-SSCB<\/strong> ili\u015fkilerini bozdu.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0130talya<\/strong> da Almanya&#8217;n\u0131n yan\u0131nda sava\u015fa girdi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>22 Haziran 1941<\/strong>&#8216;de ba\u015flayan <strong>Barbarossa Harekat\u0131<\/strong> ile Alman ordusu, \u0130talya ve Romanya&#8217;n\u0131n deste\u011fiyle SSCB topraklar\u0131na girdi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Pearl Harbor Bask\u0131n\u0131 ve ABD&#8217;nin Sava\u015fa Girmesi<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>ABD<\/strong>, sava\u015f\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda tarafs\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ilan etmi\u015fti.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ancak Almanya&#8217;n\u0131n sald\u0131rgan tutumu ve kamuoyu bask\u0131s\u0131, <strong>Ba\u015fkan Roosevelt<\/strong>&#8216;i M\u00fcttefikleri desteklemeye y\u00f6neltti.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>11 Mart 1941<\/strong>&#8216;de <strong>\u00d6d\u00fcn\u00e7 Verme ve Kiralama Kanunu<\/strong> kabul edildi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Japonya&#8217;n\u0131n Asya ve Pasifik&#8217;teki yay\u0131lmac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 <strong>ABD-Japonya<\/strong> ili\u015fkilerini bozmu\u015ftu.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Japonya&#8217;n\u0131n <strong>\u00dc\u00e7l\u00fc Pakt<\/strong>&#8216;\u0131 imzalamas\u0131 ve Frans\u0131z Hindi\u00e7ini&#8217;ne yerle\u015fmesi \u00fczerine <strong>ABD, Hollanda<\/strong> ve <strong>\u0130ngiltere<\/strong>, Japonya&#8217;ya ekonomik ambargo uygulad\u0131.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>7 Aral\u0131k 1941<\/strong>&#8216;de Japonya, Hawaii&#8217;deki <strong>Pearl Harbor<\/strong> Amerikan Deniz \u00dcss\u00fc&#8217;ne bask\u0131n d\u00fczenledi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bu bask\u0131n, ABD&#8217;nin sava\u015fa girmesine neden oldu ve sava\u015f\u0131n seyrini <strong>M\u00fcttefiklerin<\/strong> lehine de\u011fi\u015ftirdi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Stalingrad Ku\u015fatmas\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Almanya&#8217;n\u0131n SSCB i\u015fgali, Moskova \u00f6nlerinde zorlu hava ko\u015fullar\u0131 ve g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc direni\u015f nedeniyle durdu.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Hitler<\/strong>, g\u00fcneye y\u00f6nelerek stratejik <strong>Stalingrad<\/strong> kentini hedefledi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Stalingrad&#8217;\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irmek, Kafkasya&#8217;n\u0131n ve Bak\u00fc petrol yataklar\u0131n\u0131n kontrol\u00fcn\u00fc sa\u011flayacakt\u0131.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Temmuz 1942<\/strong>&#8216;de ba\u015flayan sald\u0131r\u0131 sonras\u0131 \u015fehir b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde Alman kontrol\u00fcne ge\u00e7ti.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ancak Ruslar\u0131n direni\u015fi ve k\u0131\u015f ko\u015fullar\u0131 Almanlar\u0131 zorlad\u0131.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>9 Kas\u0131m<\/strong>&#8216;da Sovyet ordusu kar\u015f\u0131 harekat ba\u015flatt\u0131 ve <strong>2 \u015eubat 1943<\/strong>&#8216;te Alman kuvvetleri teslim oldu.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bu zafer, sava\u015f\u0131n en \u00f6nemli d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktalar\u0131ndan biri oldu ve Almanlar do\u011fu cephesinde geri \u00e7ekilmeye ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Normandiya \u00c7\u0131karmas\u0131 (D-Day)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>1943<\/strong>&#8216;ten itibaren sava\u015f M\u00fcttefiklerin lehine d\u00f6nd\u00fc. \u0130talya sava\u015ftan \u00e7ekildi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>M\u00fcttefikler, Almanya&#8217;y\u0131 teslim olmaya zorlamak i\u00e7in Fransa&#8217;n\u0131n kuzeyinde ikinci bir cephe a\u00e7maya karar verdi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>6 Haziran 1944<\/strong>&#8216;te M\u00fcttefik kuvvetler, Nazi i\u015fgalindeki Fransa&#8217;n\u0131n <strong>Normandiya<\/strong> k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131na b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u00e7\u0131karma harekat\u0131 ba\u015flatt\u0131.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bu harekat\u0131n ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131, Almanya&#8217;n\u0131n bat\u0131 cephesinin \u00e7\u00f6kmesine neden oldu.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>M\u00fcttefikler h\u0131zla ilerleyerek <strong>25 A\u011fustos<\/strong>&#8216;ta <strong>Paris<\/strong>&#8216;i kurtard\u0131.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Do\u011fudan <strong>SSCB<\/strong>, bat\u0131dan di\u011fer M\u00fcttefik kuvvetlerin Berlin&#8217;e girmesiyle Almanya sava\u015f\u0131 kaybetti.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>30 Nisan 1945<\/strong>&#8216;te <strong>Hitler<\/strong> intihar etti, <strong>7 May\u0131s<\/strong>&#8216;ta Alman h\u00fck\u00fcmeti teslim oldu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Atom Bombas\u0131 ve Japonya&#8217;n\u0131n Teslim Olmas\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Avrupa&#8217;da sava\u015f biterken Pasifik&#8217;teki m\u00fccadele devam ediyordu.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>ABD<\/strong>, Japonya&#8217;y\u0131 kay\u0131ts\u0131z \u015farts\u0131z teslime zorlamak i\u00e7in atom bombas\u0131 kullanmaya karar verdi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>6 A\u011fustos 1945<\/strong>&#8216;te <strong>Hiro\u015fima<\/strong>&#8216;ya, <strong>9 A\u011fustos 1945<\/strong>&#8216;te <strong>Nagazaki<\/strong>&#8216;ye atom bombas\u0131 at\u0131ld\u0131.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bu sald\u0131r\u0131larda yakla\u015f\u0131k iki y\u00fcz bin ki\u015fi hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti ve radyasyonun etkileri y\u0131llarca s\u00fcrd\u00fc.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>8 A\u011fustos<\/strong>&#8216;ta <strong>SSCB<\/strong> de Japonya&#8217;ya sava\u015f ilan etti.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bu geli\u015fmeler \u00fczerine <strong>14 A\u011fustos 1945<\/strong>&#8216;te Japonya teslim oldu ve <strong>2 Eyl\u00fcl 1945<\/strong>&#8216;te imzalanan s\u00f6zle\u015fme ile <strong>II. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131<\/strong> tamamen sona erdi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Sava\u015fta Ya\u015fanan \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 \u0130hlalleri<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Sava\u015f boyunca sivillerin hedef al\u0131nmas\u0131yla ba\u015fta ya\u015fama hakk\u0131 olmak \u00fczere pek \u00e7ok insan hakk\u0131 ihlal edildi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Almanya, Japonya<\/strong> ve <strong>SSCB<\/strong>, i\u015fgal ettikleri b\u00f6lgelerde sivil ve asker ayr\u0131m\u0131 yapmadan bir\u00e7ok insanl\u0131k su\u00e7u i\u015fledi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>M\u00fcttefik Devletler<\/strong> de n\u00fcfusun yo\u011fun oldu\u011fu \u015fehirleri bombalayarak binlerce sivilin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne neden oldu.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Nazi Almanyas\u0131<\/strong>: Saf Alman \u0131rk\u0131 yaratma projesiyle <strong>Yahudiler<\/strong> ve <strong>Romanlar<\/strong> soyk\u0131r\u0131ma (<strong>Holocaust<\/strong>) u\u011frat\u0131ld\u0131. Milyonlarca insan toplama kamplar\u0131nda (<strong>Auschwitz<\/strong> gibi) katledildi veya gettolarda insanl\u0131k d\u0131\u015f\u0131 ko\u015fullarda ya\u015famaya zorland\u0131.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Di\u011fer \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 \u0130hlalleri<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Japonya<\/strong>: <strong>1937<\/strong>&#8216;deki <strong>Nanjing Katliam\u0131<\/strong>&#8216;nda 300 binden fazla \u00c7inli \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. Sava\u015f esirleri \u00fczerinde biyolojik ve kimyasal deneyler yap\u0131ld\u0131.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>M\u00fcttefik Devletler<\/strong>: <strong>Hamburg<\/strong> ve <strong>Dresden<\/strong> gibi \u015fehirlerin bombalanmas\u0131 binlerce sivilin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne yol a\u00e7t\u0131. ABD&#8217;de ya\u015fayan Japonlar toplama kamplar\u0131na g\u00f6nderildi. <strong>Hiro\u015fima<\/strong> ve <strong>Nagazaki<\/strong>&#8216;ye at\u0131lan atom bombalar\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck bir sivil katliam\u0131na neden oldu.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>SSCB<\/strong>: Sava\u015f s\u00fcrecinde <strong>Katyn Katliam\u0131<\/strong>&#8216;nda yakla\u015f\u0131k 22.000 Polonyal\u0131 asker ve ayd\u0131n katledildi. <strong>1944<\/strong>&#8216;te <strong>K\u0131r\u0131m<\/strong> ve <strong>Ah\u0131ska T\u00fcrkleri<\/strong> Sibirya ve Bat\u0131 T\u00fcrkistan&#8217;a s\u00fcrg\u00fcn edildi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Sava\u015f Su\u00e7lular\u0131n\u0131n Yarg\u0131lanmas\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Sava\u015f bitiminde sadece ma\u011flup devletlerin siyasi ve askeri yetkilileri yarg\u0131land\u0131.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Londra Konferans\u0131<\/strong>&#8216;nda (1945) &#8220;insanl\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 i\u015flenen su\u00e7lar&#8221; kavram\u0131 tan\u0131mland\u0131.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Sava\u015f su\u00e7lular\u0131n\u0131 yarg\u0131lamak i\u00e7in <strong>Nuremberg Uluslararas\u0131 Askeri Ceza Mahkemesi<\/strong> ve <strong>Tokyo&#8217;da Uzak Do\u011fu Uluslararas\u0131 Askeri Ceza Mahkemesi<\/strong> kuruldu.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Nuremberg&#8217;de \u00fcst d\u00fczey Nazi liderleri, Tokyo&#8217;da ise General <strong>Hideki Tojo<\/strong> gibi Japon yetkililer yarg\u0131land\u0131.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Evrensel Beyannamesi<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Sava\u015fta i\u015flenen su\u00e7lar, insan haklar\u0131 ihlallerini engellemek ve d\u00fcnya bar\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 korumak i\u00e7in uluslararas\u0131 bir \u00e7abay\u0131 gerekli k\u0131ld\u0131.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Komisyonu<\/strong> taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanan <strong>\u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Evrensel Beyannamesi<\/strong>, <strong>Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler Genel Kurulu<\/strong> taraf\u0131ndan <strong>10 Aral\u0131k 1948<\/strong>&#8216;de kabul edildi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Beyanname; \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck, e\u015fitlik, adalet, karde\u015flik ve insanl\u0131k onuru gibi evrensel de\u011ferleri temel alarak t\u00fcm insanlar\u0131n do\u011fu\u015ftan sahip oldu\u011fu hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckleri g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na almay\u0131 ama\u00e7lar.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Sava\u015f\u0131n Siyasi ve Ekonomik Sonu\u00e7lar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Sava\u015f sonras\u0131 sorunlar\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zmek i\u00e7in <strong>1945<\/strong>&#8216;te <strong>Londra<\/strong> ve <strong>Moskova<\/strong>&#8216;da, <strong>1946<\/strong>&#8216;da ise <strong>Paris<\/strong>&#8216;te bar\u0131\u015f konferanslar\u0131 d\u00fczenlendi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>10 \u015eubat 1947<\/strong>&#8216;de <strong>Paris Bar\u0131\u015f Antla\u015fmas\u0131<\/strong> imzaland\u0131.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>D\u00fcnyada g\u00fc\u00e7ler dengesi de\u011fi\u015fti; <strong>ABD<\/strong> ve <strong>SSCB<\/strong> liderli\u011finde iki kutuplu bir d\u00fcnya d\u00fczeni ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bar\u0131\u015f ve g\u00fcvenli\u011fi sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in <strong>Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler Te\u015fkilat\u0131<\/strong> kuruldu.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Orta Do\u011fu&#8217;da <strong>\u0130srail Devleti<\/strong>&#8216;nin kurulmas\u0131yla yeni b\u00f6lgesel ve k\u00fcresel sorunlar ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0130ki Kutuplu D\u00fcnya D\u00fczeni<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Sava\u015f sonras\u0131 <strong>ABD<\/strong> ve <strong>SSCB<\/strong> aras\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f ayr\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 belirginle\u015fti (<strong>Yalta Konferans\u0131, 1945<\/strong>).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>SSCB<\/strong>, i\u015fgal etti\u011fi Do\u011fu Avrupa ve Balkanlar&#8217;da sosyalist y\u00f6netimler kurdu.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>ABD<\/strong>, Monroe Doktrini&#8217;ni terk ederek d\u00fcnya siyasetine y\u00f6n vermeye ba\u015flad\u0131 ve Sovyet yay\u0131lmac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 askeri ittifaklar kurdu.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0130ngiltere<\/strong> ve <strong>Fransa<\/strong> g\u00fc\u00e7 kaybetti, <strong>Almanya<\/strong> ise ikiye b\u00f6l\u00fcnd\u00fc: <strong>Bat\u0131 (Federal) Almanya<\/strong> ve <strong>Do\u011fu (Demokratik) Almanya<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>S\u00f6m\u00fcrge alt\u0131nda ya\u015fayan bir\u00e7ok ulus ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131na kavu\u015ftu.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Atom bombas\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131, <strong>n\u00fckleer silahlanma<\/strong> yar\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 ba\u015flatt\u0131.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler Te\u015fkilat\u0131&#8217;n\u0131n Kurulu\u015fu<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Sava\u015f devam ederken, <strong>14 A\u011fustos 1941<\/strong>&#8216;de <strong>Roosevelt<\/strong> ve <strong>Churchill<\/strong> taraf\u0131ndan <strong>Atlantik Bildirgesi<\/strong> imzaland\u0131.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>1 Ocak 1942<\/strong>&#8216;de 26 devlet <strong>Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler Bildirisi<\/strong>&#8216;ni imzalad\u0131.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>25 Nisan-26 Haziran 1945<\/strong>&#8216;te d\u00fczenlenen <strong>San Francisco Konferans\u0131<\/strong>&#8216;nda, aralar\u0131nda <strong>T\u00fcrkiye<\/strong>&#8216;nin de bulundu\u011fu 51 \u00fclke taraf\u0131ndan <strong>Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler Te\u015fkilat\u0131<\/strong> kuruldu.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ama\u00e7lar\u0131; uluslararas\u0131 bar\u0131\u015f ve g\u00fcvenli\u011fi korumak, dost\u00e7a ili\u015fkiler geli\u015ftirmek, uluslararas\u0131 i\u015f birli\u011fini sa\u011flamak ve insan haklar\u0131na sayg\u0131y\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmektir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Orta Do\u011fu&#8217;nun Yeniden \u015eekillenmesi<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Orta Do\u011fu, jeopolitik konumu ve petrol kaynaklar\u0131 nedeniyle <strong>ABD<\/strong> ve <strong>SSCB<\/strong> aras\u0131nda bir m\u00fccadele alan\u0131 haline geldi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0130srail Devleti&#8217;nin kurulmas\u0131, b\u00f6lgedeki en \u00f6nemli siyasi geli\u015fmelerden biriydi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Balfour Deklarasyonu<\/strong> ile ba\u015flayan s\u00fcre\u00e7, II. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda Filistin&#8217;e artan Yahudi g\u00f6\u00e7leriyle devam etti.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler<\/strong>, Filistin&#8217;de iki ayr\u0131 devlet kurulmas\u0131na karar verdi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>May\u0131s 1948<\/strong>&#8216;de <strong>\u0130srail Devleti<\/strong> kuruldu. Bu durum, <strong>1948 Arap-\u0130srail Sava\u015f\u0131<\/strong>&#8216;na ve g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar s\u00fcren siyasi istikrars\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa yol a\u00e7t\u0131.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Sava\u015f\u0131n Ekonomik Sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 ve IMF<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Sava\u015f, <strong>ABD<\/strong> d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bir\u00e7ok \u00fclkenin ekonomisini olumsuz etkiledi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u015eehirlerin altyap\u0131s\u0131, sanayi tesisleri ve tar\u0131msal \u00fcretim b\u00fcy\u00fck zarar g\u00f6rd\u00fc.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Avrupa&#8217;da enflasyon artt\u0131, b\u00fcy\u00fck bir i\u015fsizlik ve m\u00fclteci sorunu ba\u015f g\u00f6sterdi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Sava\u015f sonras\u0131 d\u00fcnya ekonomisini canland\u0131rmak i\u00e7in yeni ad\u0131mlar at\u0131ld\u0131.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Temmuz 1944<\/strong>&#8216;te <strong>Bretton Woods Konferans\u0131<\/strong>&#8216;nda <strong>Uluslararas\u0131 Para Fonu (IMF)<\/strong> ve <strong>D\u00fcnya Bankas\u0131<\/strong> kuruldu.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bu kurumlar, uluslararas\u0131 ticaretin ve finansal i\u015f birli\u011finin geli\u015fmesini, d\u00f6viz kurlar\u0131nda istikrar\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131n\u0131 ama\u00e7lad\u0131.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Bilim, Teknoloji ve Sanata Etkileri<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Sava\u015f, askeri teknolojide b\u00fcy\u00fck geli\u015fmelere yol a\u00e7t\u0131.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Tanklar<\/strong> (Alman Panzerleri), <strong>sava\u015f u\u00e7aklar\u0131<\/strong>, <strong>V1 ve V2 f\u00fczeleri<\/strong> gibi yeni silahlar geli\u015ftirildi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Radar<\/strong> ve <strong>sonar<\/strong> cihazlar\u0131 sava\u015f\u0131n gidi\u015fat\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde etkiledi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Almanlar\u0131n kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015fifreleme cihaz\u0131 <strong>Enigma<\/strong>&#8216;n\u0131n M\u00fcttefikler taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmesi, sava\u015fta \u00f6nemli bir avantaj sa\u011flad\u0131.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0130lk bilgisayar olan <strong>ENIAC<\/strong>, bu d\u00f6nemde geli\u015ftirildi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Sava\u015f, sanat ve edebiyatta da derin izler b\u0131rakt\u0131; <strong>varolu\u015f\u00e7uluk<\/strong> gibi yeni ak\u0131mlar ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131, sava\u015f\u0131n ac\u0131lar\u0131 ve totaliter rejimler sorguland\u0131.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Sinema ve Edebiyatta Sava\u015f\u0131n \u0130zleri<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Sinema<\/strong>: <strong>Charlie Chaplin<\/strong>&#8216;in &#8220;<strong>B\u00fcy\u00fck Diktat\u00f6r<\/strong>&#8221; (1940) filmi, Nazizm ve fa\u015fizmi ele\u015ftirdi. Sava\u015f sonras\u0131 \u0130talyan sinemas\u0131nda &#8220;<strong>Yeni Ger\u00e7ek\u00e7ilik<\/strong>&#8221; ak\u0131m\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Edebiyat<\/strong>: <strong>George Orwell<\/strong>&#8216;\u0131n &#8220;<strong>Hayvan \u00c7iftli\u011fi<\/strong>&#8221; ve &#8220;<strong>1984<\/strong>&#8221; romanlar\u0131 totaliter rejimleri ele\u015ftirdi. <strong>Bertolt Brecht<\/strong>, tiyatro oyunlar\u0131nda totaliter sistemlerin toplumsal hayata etkilerini i\u015fledi. T\u00fcrkiye&#8217;de ise <strong>Varl\u0131k Vergisi<\/strong>, karaborsac\u0131l\u0131k ve sava\u015f y\u0131llar\u0131n\u0131n ekonomik s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 romanlara konu oldu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>T\u00fcrkiye&#8217;nin D\u0131\u015f Politikas\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>T\u00fcrkiye, sava\u015f d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalmaya y\u00f6nelik bir denge politikas\u0131 izledi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bu politikan\u0131n mimar\u0131 2. Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 <strong>\u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc<\/strong> idi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Sava\u015f \u00f6ncesi \u0130talya&#8217;n\u0131n Arnavutluk&#8217;u ilhak\u0131 \u00fczerine <strong>19 Ekim 1939<\/strong>&#8216;da <strong>\u0130ngiltere<\/strong> ve <strong>Fransa<\/strong> ile <strong>\u00dc\u00e7l\u00fc \u0130ttifak Antla\u015fmas\u0131<\/strong> imzaland\u0131.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Almanya ile <strong>SSCB<\/strong> aras\u0131nda <strong>Sald\u0131rmazl\u0131k Pakt\u0131<\/strong> imzalan\u0131nca T\u00fcrkiye, Sovyetlerle sava\u015fa girmeme \u015fart\u0131n\u0131 antla\u015fmaya ekletti.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Fransa&#8217;n\u0131n yenilmesi \u00fczerine T\u00fcrkiye, antla\u015fma gereklerini yerine getirmeyerek sava\u015f d\u0131\u015f\u0131 kalma karar\u0131 ald\u0131.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>T\u00fcrkiye&#8217;nin Denge Politikas\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Almanya&#8217;n\u0131n Balkanlar\u0131 i\u015fgal etmesi \u00fczerine T\u00fcrkiye, <strong>18 Haziran 1941<\/strong>&#8216;de <strong>Almanya<\/strong> ile <strong>T\u00fcrk-Alman Dostluk ve Sald\u0131rmazl\u0131k Pakt\u0131<\/strong>&#8216;n\u0131 imzalad\u0131.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>M\u00fcttefikler, \u00f6zellikle Stalingrad sonras\u0131, T\u00fcrkiye&#8217;nin kendi yanlar\u0131nda sava\u015fa girmesi i\u00e7in bask\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rd\u0131.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>30 Ocak 1943<\/strong>&#8216;te <strong>Churchill<\/strong>, <strong>Adana<\/strong>&#8216;da <strong>\u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc<\/strong> ile g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Moskova, Kahire<\/strong> ve <strong>Tahran Konferanslar\u0131nda<\/strong> da T\u00fcrkiye&#8217;ye y\u00f6nelik bask\u0131lar devam etti.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>T\u00fcrkiye, gerekli askeri yard\u0131m yap\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Sovyet tehdidi gerek\u00e7eleriyle sava\u015fa girmeyi reddetti.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>T\u00fcrkiye&#8217;nin Sava\u015fa Girmesi<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>M\u00fcttefiklerin sava\u015f\u0131 kazanaca\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131nca T\u00fcrkiye, politika de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fine gitti.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>2 A\u011fustos 1944<\/strong>&#8216;te <strong>Almanya<\/strong> ile, <strong>3 Ocak 1945<\/strong>&#8216;te <strong>Japonya<\/strong> ile diplomatik ili\u015fkilerini kesti.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Sava\u015f sonras\u0131 kurulacak yeni d\u00fcnya d\u00fczeninde yer alabilmek amac\u0131yla, <strong>23 \u015eubat 1945<\/strong>&#8216;te <strong>Almanya<\/strong> ve <strong>Japonya<\/strong>&#8216;ya sembolik olarak sava\u015f ilan etti.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>25 Nisan 1945<\/strong>&#8216;te <strong>San Francisco Konferans\u0131<\/strong>&#8216;na kat\u0131ld\u0131.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>T\u00fcrkiye, fiilen bir \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmaya girmese de sava\u015f d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalmay\u0131 ba\u015fard\u0131.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>T\u00fcrkiye&#8217;de Siyasi, Ekonomik ve Sosyok\u00fclt\u00fcrel Geli\u015fmeler<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Atat\u00fcrk<\/strong>&#8216;\u00fcn vefat\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan <strong>\u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc<\/strong> cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 oldu ve &#8220;<strong>Milli \u015eef<\/strong>&#8221; unvan\u0131n\u0131 ald\u0131.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Tek partili sistem devam etti, ancak sava\u015f y\u0131llar\u0131nda h\u00fck\u00fcmetin ekonomi ve bas\u0131n \u00fczerindeki denetimi artt\u0131.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Ekonomi<\/strong>: Bir milyon erke\u011fin askere al\u0131nmas\u0131yla tar\u0131msal \u00fcretim d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Savunma harcamalar\u0131 artt\u0131.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>18 Ocak 1940<\/strong>&#8216;ta <strong>Milli Korunma Kanunu<\/strong> \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131larak h\u00fck\u00fcmete ekonomiye m\u00fcdahale etme konusunda geni\u015f yetkiler verildi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Hayat pahal\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, enflasyon, karaborsac\u0131l\u0131k ve vurgunculuk yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131. Ekmek karneye ba\u011fland\u0131.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Varl\u0131k Vergisi ve Di\u011fer Ekonomik \u00d6nlemler<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Ekonomik s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 a\u015fmak i\u00e7in ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc vergiler getirildi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Varl\u0131k Vergisi Kanunu<\/strong>, \u00f6zellikle gayrim\u00fcslim ve yabanc\u0131 servet sahiplerini hedef almas\u0131 nedeniyle b\u00fcy\u00fck tepki \u00e7ekti. Vergiyi \u00f6deyemeyenler \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma kamplar\u0131na g\u00f6nderildi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Toprak Mahsulleri ve Hayvan Vergisi<\/strong> ile \u00e7ift\u00e7iler ve k\u00f6yl\u00fcler de vergiye ba\u011fland\u0131.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bu s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar, iktidardaki <strong>CHP<\/strong> i\u00e7inde muhalefetin do\u011fmas\u0131na ve sava\u015f sonras\u0131 \u00e7ok partili hayata ge\u00e7i\u015fin zeminini haz\u0131rlamas\u0131na neden oldu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u00d6zel Giri\u015fimcilik: Nuri Demira\u011f ve Vecihi H\u00fcrku\u015f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Nuri Demira\u011f<\/strong>: Demir yolu yap\u0131m\u0131, fabrika in\u015faatlar\u0131 gibi bir\u00e7ok alanda faaliyet g\u00f6sterdi. <strong>1936<\/strong>&#8216;da havac\u0131l\u0131k sanayisine yat\u0131r\u0131m yaparak T\u00fcrkiye&#8217;nin ilk \u00f6zel u\u00e7ak fabrikas\u0131n\u0131 kurdu. <strong>Nu.D.38<\/strong> tipi yolcu u\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00fcretti ancak b\u00fcrokratik engellerle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Vecihi H\u00fcrku\u015f<\/strong>: I. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 ve Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131 kahraman\u0131 bir pilottu. <strong>1924<\/strong>&#8216;te ilk T\u00fcrk u\u00e7a\u011f\u0131 <strong>Vecihi K-VI<\/strong>&#8216;y\u0131 tasarlad\u0131. <strong>1932<\/strong>&#8216;de ilk T\u00fcrk sivil havac\u0131l\u0131k okulunu kurdu. Ancak o da yeterli deste\u011fi bulamad\u0131 ve giri\u015fimleri engellendi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Sosyok\u00fclt\u00fcrel Geli\u015fmeler<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Sava\u015f y\u0131llar\u0131nda e\u011fitime \u00f6nem verildi; <strong>k\u00f6y enstit\u00fcleri<\/strong> a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Almanya&#8217;dan ka\u00e7an bilim insanlar\u0131 T\u00fcrk \u00fcniversitelerine kabul edildi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Radyo yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131 ve h\u00fck\u00fcmet taraf\u0131ndan bir propaganda arac\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131ld\u0131.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Radyo, ayn\u0131 zamanda halk\u0131n d\u00fcnyadan haberdar olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel geli\u015fimine katk\u0131da bulunan \u00f6nemli bir ara\u00e7 haline geldi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<div class=\"mh-excerpt\"><p>\u00c7a\u011fda\u015f T\u00fcrk ve D\u00fcnya Tarihi Dersi\u00a0liselerde se\u00e7meli olarak okutulan bir derstir. Bu sayfada payla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u00a0\u00c7a\u011fda\u015f T\u00fcrk ve D\u00fcnya Tarihi \u00f6zet ders notlar\u0131 sayesinde\u00a0s\u0131navda kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fabilece\u011finiz t\u00fcm konulara <a class=\"mh-excerpt-more\" href=\"https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/index.php\/2025\/10\/18\/cagdas-turk-ve-dunya-tarihi-2-unite-ii-dunya-savasi\/\" title=\"\u00c7a\u011fda\u015f T\u00fcrk ve D\u00fcnya Tarihi 2. \u00dcnite: II. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\">[&#8230;]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":2875,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_regular_price":[],"currency_symbol":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[179],"tags":[185,296,99],"class_list":["post-2909","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cagdas-turk-ve-dunya-tarihi-ders-notlari","tag-cagdas-turk-ve-dunya-tarihi","tag-cagdas-turk-ve-dunya-tarihi-ders-notlari","tag-ders-notlari"],"post_slider_layout_featured_media_urls":{"thumbnail":["https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Pink-Gradient-Concept-Map-Chart-150x150.png",150,150,true],"post_slider_layout_landscape_large":["https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Pink-Gradient-Concept-Map-Chart-1200x800.png",1200,800,true],"post_slider_layout_portrait_large":["https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Pink-Gradient-Concept-Map-Chart-1200x1080.png",1200,1080,true],"post_slider_layout_square_large":["https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Pink-Gradient-Concept-Map-Chart-1200x1080.png",1200,1080,true],"post_slider_layout_landscape":["https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Pink-Gradient-Concept-Map-Chart-600x400.png",600,400,true],"post_slider_layout_portrait":["https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Pink-Gradient-Concept-Map-Chart-600x900.png",600,900,true],"post_slider_layout_square":["https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Pink-Gradient-Concept-Map-Chart-600x600.png",600,600,true],"full":["https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Pink-Gradient-Concept-Map-Chart.png",1920,1080,false]},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>\u00c7a\u011fda\u015f T\u00fcrk ve D\u00fcnya Tarihi 2. \u00dcnite: II. 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