{"id":2912,"date":"2025-12-07T17:48:00","date_gmt":"2025-12-07T14:48:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/?p=2912"},"modified":"2025-10-02T08:53:54","modified_gmt":"2025-10-02T05:53:54","slug":"cagdas-turk-ve-dunya-tarihi-3-unite-soguk-savas","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/index.php\/2025\/12\/07\/cagdas-turk-ve-dunya-tarihi-3-unite-soguk-savas\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00c7a\u011fda\u015f T\u00fcrk ve D\u00fcnya Tarihi 3. \u00dcnite: So\u011fuk Sava\u015f"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u00c7a\u011fda\u015f T\u00fcrk ve D\u00fcnya Tarihi Dersi <\/strong>liselerde se\u00e7meli olarak okutulan bir derstir. Bu sayfada payla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z \u00c7a\u011fda\u015f T\u00fcrk ve D\u00fcnya Tarihi \u00f6zet ders notlar\u0131 <\/strong>sayesinde s\u0131navda kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fabilece\u011finiz t\u00fcm konulara hakim olacaks\u0131n\u0131z. Bu \u00f6zet ders notlar\u0131 Milli E\u011fitim Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 m\u00fcfredat\u0131na<\/strong> uygun olarak haz\u0131rland\u0131. Bu ders notlar\u0131 sayesinde Se\u00e7meli \u00c7a\u011fda\u015f T\u00fcrk ve D\u00fcnya Tarihi Dersi yaz\u0131l\u0131s\u0131<\/strong>ndan 100 alacaks\u0131n\u0131z. \u00c7a\u011fda\u015f T\u00fcrk ve D\u00fcnya Tarihi <\/strong>3<\/strong>.<\/strong> \u00dcnite: <\/strong>So\u011fuk Sava\u015f <\/strong>Ders Notu<\/strong> MEB ders kitaplar\u0131<\/strong> ile uyumludur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u0131n\u0131f: Se\u00e7meli tarih<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ders: \u00c7a\u011fda\u015f T\u00fcrk ve D\u00fcnya Tarihi<\/strong> pdf<\/strong> indir<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dcnite: 3<\/strong>. <\/strong>\u00fcnite: <\/strong>So\u011fuk Sava\u015f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130lgili yaz\u0131l\u0131:\u00a0\u00c7a\u011fda\u015f T\u00fcrk ve D\u00fcnya Tarihi 1. d\u00f6nem 2. yaz\u0131l\u0131<\/strong>, \u00c7a\u011fda\u015f T\u00fcrk ve D\u00fcnya Tarihi 2. d\u00f6nem 1. yaz\u0131l\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. \u00dcnite: So\u011fuk Sava\u015f<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u0130ki Kutuplu D\u00fcnya D\u00fczenine Ge\u00e7i\u015f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 II. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131’nda Almanya ve Japonya’n\u0131n yenilmesiyle bozulan g\u00fc\u00e7ler dengesi yeniden kuruldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Bu denge, ABD ve SSCB’nin ba\u015fka \u00fclkeler \u00fczerinde siyasi ve ekonomik etki kazanmas\u0131yla olu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 \u0130ngiltere, Sovyetler Birli\u011fi’nin yay\u0131lma politikas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 ABD’nin sorumluluk almas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini belirtti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 ABD ve SSCB aras\u0131nda; kurtar\u0131lan Avrupa \u00fclkelerindeki h\u00fck\u00fcmetler, Polonya ve Almanya’n\u0131n gelece\u011fi gibi konularda fikir ayr\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 ya\u015fand\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 ABD, Do\u011fu Avrupa’da \u00f6zg\u00fcr ve demokratik se\u00e7imler isterken, SSCB kendisine ba\u011fl\u0131 uydu \u00fclkelerden bir tampon b\u00f6lge kurmak istiyordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 K\u0131z\u0131l Ordu, sava\u015f sonunda Do\u011fu Avrupa’n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc i\u015fgal etti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Bu durum, SSCB’nin b\u00f6lgede yay\u0131lmas\u0131na zemin haz\u0131rlad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So\u011fuk Sava\u015f Kavram\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 So\u011fuk Sava\u015f, taraflar\u0131n silahl\u0131 m\u00fccadeleye girmekten ka\u00e7\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma t\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Bu tabir ilk olarak XIV. y\u00fczy\u0131lda \u0130spanyol prens Juan Manuel taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 1947’de Amerikal\u0131 siyaset\u00e7i Bernard Baruch, SSCB ve ABD aras\u0131ndaki gerginli\u011fi “so\u011fuk bir sava\u015f\u0131n tam ortas\u0131nday\u0131z” s\u00f6zleriyle tan\u0131mlad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Bu tabir, gazeteci Lippmann taraf\u0131ndan yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bat\u0131 Bloku: Doktrinler ve \u00d6rg\u00fctler<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Truman Doktrini (1947): ABD Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Truman, ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z uluslar\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerini korumak i\u00e7in maddi yard\u0131m s\u00f6z\u00fc verdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Bu doktrinle SSCB’nin yay\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 engellemek i\u00e7in Sovyet bask\u0131s\u0131 alt\u0131ndaki devletlere mali ve askeri yard\u0131mlar yap\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Marshall Plan\u0131 (1948): ABD D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakan\u0131 George Marshall taraf\u0131ndan Avrupa’n\u0131n bozulan ekonomisini onarmak i\u00e7in haz\u0131rland\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Bu planla ABD, Bat\u0131 Avrupa’daki demokratik h\u00fck\u00fcmetleri desteklerken kendi \u00fcr\u00fcnleri i\u00e7in de yeni pazarlar olu\u015fturdu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bat\u0131 Bloku: Doktrinler ve \u00d6rg\u00fctler<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 NATO (1949): 4 Nisan 1949’da ABD liderli\u011finde on bir \u00fclke taraf\u0131ndan kuruldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fcn tam ad\u0131 Kuzey Atlantik Antla\u015fmas\u0131 \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc’d\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Amac\u0131, \u00fcye \u00fclkeler aras\u0131nda askeri ve siyasi ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere her t\u00fcrl\u00fc i\u015f birli\u011fini sa\u011flamakt\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Avrupa K\u00f6m\u00fcr \u00c7elik Toplulu\u011fu (1951): Bat\u0131 Almanya, Fransa, Bel\u00e7ika, L\u00fcksemburg, Hollanda ve \u0130talya taraf\u0131ndan kuruldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Amac\u0131, k\u00f6m\u00fcr ve \u00e7elik kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 kontrol ederek kal\u0131c\u0131 bar\u0131\u015f sa\u011flamakt\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Bu birlik, Avrupa Birli\u011fi’nin temelini olu\u015fturmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Do\u011fu Bloku: Doktrinler ve \u00d6rg\u00fctler<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Cominform (1947): SSCB taraf\u0131ndan uydu \u00fclkelerle ba\u011flar\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmek ve ideolojik faaliyetleri y\u00f6netmek i\u00e7in kuruldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Kurucu \u00fcyeler aras\u0131nda Yugoslavya, Bulgaristan, Romanya, Macaristan, Polonya, \u00c7ekoslovakya, Fransa ve \u0130talya Kom\u00fcnist Partileri vard\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Molotov Plan\u0131 (1947): SSCB D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakan\u0131 Vya\u00e7eslav Molotov taraf\u0131ndan Marshall Plan\u0131’na kar\u015f\u0131 olu\u015fturuldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Bu planla sosyalist \u00fclkeler aras\u0131nda ekonomik yard\u0131m ve ticari i\u015f birli\u011fini kapsayan yeni bir yap\u0131 kuruldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Do\u011fu Bloku: Doktrinler ve \u00d6rg\u00fctler<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Var\u015fova Pakt\u0131 (1955): NATO’ya kar\u015f\u0131 siyasi ve askeri i\u015f birli\u011fi amac\u0131yla 14 May\u0131s 1955’te kuruldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Kurucu \u00fcyeler SSCB, Arnavutluk, Bulgaristan, \u00c7ekoslovakya, Do\u011fu Almanya, Macaristan, Polonya ve Romanya idi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 COMECON (1949): Molotov Plan\u0131 sonras\u0131 kom\u00fcnist \u00fclkeler aras\u0131nda ekonomik i\u015f birli\u011fini art\u0131rmak i\u00e7in 25 Ocak 1949’da kuruldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Tam ad\u0131 Kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 Ekonomik Yard\u0131mla\u015fma Konseyi’dir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 SSCB yanl\u0131s\u0131 devletlere yap\u0131lacak ekonomik yard\u0131mlar\u0131n esaslar\u0131 bu te\u015fkilatla belirlendi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nato ve Var\u015fova Pakt\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 \u0130ki kutuplu d\u00fcnya d\u00fczeninde NATO ve Var\u015fova Pakt\u0131 \u00fczerinden pek \u00e7ok gerginlik ya\u015fand\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 NATO, Sovyet yay\u0131lmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 b\u00f6lgede cayd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 bir g\u00fc\u00e7 h\u00e2line geldi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 NATO’nun silahlanmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k SSCB \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde Var\u015fova Pakt\u0131 kuruldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Bu pakt\u0131n kurulmas\u0131yla Do\u011fu ve Bat\u0131 bloklar\u0131 aras\u0131nda uzun y\u0131llar s\u00fcrecek bir silahlanma yar\u0131\u015f\u0131 ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 SSCB’nin da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131ndan sonra 1 Temmuz 1991’de Var\u015fova Pakt\u0131 da\u011f\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 NATO ise n\u00fcfuz alan\u0131n\u0131 geni\u015fleterek varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Almanya’n\u0131n \u0130kiye B\u00f6l\u00fcnmesi ve Berlin Buhran\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 M\u00fcttefik Devletler, Yalta ve Potsdam konferanslar\u0131nda Almanya ve ba\u015fkent Berlin’i d\u00f6rt i\u015fgal b\u00f6lgesine ay\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 ABD, \u0130ngiltere ve Fransa, Almanya’n\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn bir devlet olarak kurulmas\u0131n\u0131 istiyordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 SSCB ise Almanya’n\u0131n ekonomik olarak cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 ve sava\u015f tazminat\u0131 \u00f6demesini talep ediyordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 1948’de \u00fc\u00e7 Bat\u0131l\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7, i\u015fgal b\u00f6lgelerini birle\u015ftirerek Deutsche Mark ad\u0131yla yeni bir para birimi olu\u015fturdu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Bunun \u00fczerine SSCB, 24 Haziran 1948’de Berlin’e t\u00fcm kara ve demir yolu ula\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 kesti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Berlin Ablukas\u0131 ad\u0131 verilen bu s\u00fcre\u00e7 12 May\u0131s 1949’a kadar devam etti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 SSCB, Berlin halk\u0131n\u0131 temel ihtiya\u00e7lardan yoksun b\u0131rakarak Bat\u0131l\u0131 devletlerin Berlin’i terk etmesini ama\u00e7lad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te ABD, \u0130ngiltere ve Fransa, bir hava koridoru olu\u015fturarak halk\u0131n ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 u\u00e7aklarla Bat\u0131 Berlin’e ula\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Bat\u0131l\u0131lar\u0131n hava operasyonlar\u0131 art\u0131nca SSCB, 12 May\u0131s 1949’da ablukay\u0131 kald\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Bu olay, Almanya’n\u0131n siyasi olarak b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesini kolayla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131 ve So\u011fuk Sava\u015f’\u0131n ilk b\u00fcy\u00fck krizlerinden biri oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Federal Almanya Cumhuriyeti (Bat\u0131 Almanya), 23 May\u0131s 1949’da kendi anayasas\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe koydu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Bunun \u00fczerine 7 Ekim 1949’da Do\u011fu Almanya’da da Demokratik Alman Cumhuriyeti kuruldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 ABD, \u0130ngiltere ve Fransa, Berlin’in \u00f6zel durumunun s\u00fcrmesine karar verdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Demokratik Alman Cumhuriyeti’nin ba\u015fkenti, Berlin’in Sovyet i\u015fgali alt\u0131ndaki do\u011fu b\u00f6lgesi olarak belirlendi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Berlin Duvar\u0131’n\u0131n \u0130n\u015fas\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Bat\u0131 Berlin’deki serbest piyasa ekonomisi ve y\u00fcksek refah seviyesi, Do\u011fu Berlin’den Bat\u0131’ya g\u00f6\u00e7leri ba\u015flatt\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Bunun \u00fczerine SSCB Devlet Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Nikita Kru\u015f\u00e7ev, 10 Kas\u0131m 1958’de bir \u00fcltimatom verdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 ABD ve m\u00fcttefiklerinin alt\u0131 ay i\u00e7inde Bat\u0131 Berlin’den \u00e7ekilmesini istedi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Berlin Buhran\u0131 ad\u0131 verilen bu \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131ll\u0131k d\u00f6nemde m\u00fczakerelerden sonu\u00e7 al\u0131namad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Sonu\u00e7 olarak SSCB, 1961’de Bat\u0131 Berlin \u00e7evresine Berlin Duvar\u0131’n\u0131 in\u015fa ettirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Bu duvar, So\u011fuk Sava\u015f D\u00f6nemi’nin en \u00f6nemli simgesi oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Avrupa Birli\u011fi’ne Giden Yol<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 “Birle\u015fmi\u015f Avrupa” d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi, ilk defa Orta \u00c7a\u011f’da \u0130slam fetihlerini engellemek amac\u0131yla ortaya at\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 II. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 sonras\u0131 ilk ad\u0131m\u0131 Winston Churchill atarak 14 May\u0131s 1947’de Birle\u015fik Avrupa Hareketi’ni kurdu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 17 Mart 1948’de Br\u00fcksel Antla\u015fmas\u0131 ile bu hareket kurumsal bir nitelik kazand\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Fransa D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakan\u0131 Robert Schuman ve Jean Monnet, 9 May\u0131s 1950’de Schuman Bildirisi’ni haz\u0131rlad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Bu bildiriyle Fransa, Federal Almanya ve di\u011fer \u00fclkelerdeki k\u00f6m\u00fcr ve \u00e7elik kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n tek havuzda toplanmas\u0131 kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 18 Nisan 1951’de Paris Antla\u015fmas\u0131 imzalanarak Avrupa K\u00f6m\u00fcr ve \u00c7elik Toplulu\u011fu kuruldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Bu toplulukla k\u00f6m\u00fcr, demir, \u00e7elik gibi ham maddelerin payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131nda uzla\u015fma sa\u011fland\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Egemen devletler ilk kez baz\u0131 egemenlik alanlar\u0131n\u0131 kendi istekleriyle uluslar\u00fcst\u00fc bir kuruma devretti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 25 Mart 1957’de alt\u0131 \u00fclke Roma Antla\u015fmas\u0131’n\u0131 imzalayarak EURATOM (Avrupa Atom Enerjisi Toplulu\u011fu) ve Avrupa Ekonomik Toplulu\u011fu’nun (AET) temellerini att\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 14 Ekim 1957’de ise AET resmen kurularak mallar\u0131n, sermayenin, hizmetlerin ve insanlar\u0131n serbest dola\u015f\u0131m\u0131 sa\u011fland\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Asya ve Afrika\u2019da Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k M\u00fccadeleleri<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Wilson \u0130lkeleri’ndeki “halklar\u0131n kendi kendini y\u00f6netmesi” ilkesi, Asya ve Afrika’da milliyet\u00e7i hareketleri ba\u015flatt\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 II. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131, s\u00f6m\u00fcrgeci devletlerin de yenilebilece\u011fini g\u00f6sterdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Sava\u015fta s\u00f6m\u00fcrgeci devletlerin zay\u0131flamas\u0131, ABD ve SSCB ekseninde yeni bir g\u00fc\u00e7 dengesi kurdu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler Te\u015fkilat\u0131’n\u0131n kurulmas\u0131 (1945) ve \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Evrensel Bildirgesi’nin ilan\u0131 (1948) s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecili\u011fi sarst\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Ulusal kurtulu\u015f hareketlerinin liderleri genellikle Avrupa’da e\u011fitim g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f ayd\u0131nlard\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 II. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 sonras\u0131 otuz y\u0131l i\u00e7inde Asya ve Afrika’daki s\u00f6m\u00fcrgelerin b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hindistan’\u0131n Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 Kazanmas\u0131 (1947)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Hindistan, zengin kaynaklar\u0131 nedeniyle s\u00f6m\u00fcrgeci devletler i\u00e7in \u00f6nemliydi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 XVI. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan itibaren Portekiz, \u0130ngiliz, Frans\u0131z, Danimarkal\u0131 ve Hollandal\u0131lar b\u00f6lge i\u00e7in m\u00fccadele etti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 \u0130ngiliz Do\u011fu Hindistan \u015eirketi, Hindistan’\u0131 kendi h\u00e2kimiyeti alt\u0131na ald\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Hindistan’daki ilk organize ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k hareketi Hindistan Ulusal Kongresi (1885) oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 1906’da Hint M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n haklar\u0131n\u0131 korumak i\u00e7in Hindistan M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Birli\u011fi kuruldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Mahatma Gandhi, 1915 sonras\u0131 Hint ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k m\u00fccadelesinin lideri oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mahatma Gandhi ve Hindistan’\u0131n Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k M\u00fccadelesi<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 1906: G\u00fcney Afrika’da Asya N\u00fcfus Kay\u0131t Yasas\u0131’na kar\u015f\u0131 \u015fiddet i\u00e7ermeyen “satyagraha” eylemini ba\u015flatt\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 1919: \u0130ngilizlerin Rowlatt Yasas\u0131’na (\u015f\u00fcphelilerin sorgusuz tutuklanmas\u0131) kar\u015f\u0131 protestolar d\u00fczenledi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Amritsar Katliam\u0131: \u0130ngiliz askerlerinin protestoculara ate\u015f a\u00e7mas\u0131 sonucu yakla\u015f\u0131k 400 ki\u015fi hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 1920: \u0130ngiliz mallar\u0131n\u0131 boykot etti ve Hintlerin yerel giysilerine sahip \u00e7\u0131kmalar\u0131n\u0131 istedi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 1930: \u0130ngilizlerin Tuz Yasas\u0131’n\u0131 protesto etmek i\u00e7in 320 km’lik “Tuz Y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc”n\u00fc ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 1942: “Hindistan’dan \u00c7\u0131k” kampanyas\u0131n\u0131 ba\u015flatt\u0131 ve tekrar tutukland\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 1944: Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bozulmas\u0131 \u00fczerine serbest b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 15 A\u011fustos 1947: Hindistan, ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kazand\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131ktan sonra Jawaharlal Nehru, Hindistan’\u0131n ilk ba\u015fbakan\u0131 oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Hindistan, Ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131zlar Hareketi’nin lider \u00fclkelerinden biri oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 30 Ocak 1948: Gandhi, bar\u0131\u015f yanl\u0131s\u0131 protestolar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kan radikal bir Hindu taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pakistan’\u0131n Kurulu\u015fu<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Birli\u011fi, Gandhi’nin siyasi y\u00f6ntemlerine kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karak ayr\u0131 bir vatan fikrini benimsedi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Bu hareketin lideri Muhammed Ali Cinnah’t\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 1916: Cinnah, Hindistan M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Birli\u011fi’nin lideri se\u00e7ildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 1920: Gandhi ile ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015fmazl\u0131klar sonucu Hindistan Ulusal Kongresi’nden istifa etti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 1936: Da\u011f\u0131n\u0131k olan M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Birli\u011fi’ni yeniden toparlayarak faal bir kurulu\u015f haline getirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 1940: Lahor’da yap\u0131lan toplant\u0131da M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar i\u00e7in ayr\u0131 bir \u00fclke kurulmas\u0131 teklifi kabul edildi (Pakistan Karar\u0131).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 3 Haziran 1947: \u0130ngiliz Genel Vali Lord Mountbatten, iki toplumun ayr\u0131lmas\u0131 plan\u0131n\u0131 kabul etti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 14 A\u011fustos 1947: Hindistan Yar\u0131madas\u0131’nda Pakistan ve Hindistan ad\u0131yla iki ayr\u0131 devlet kuruldu\u011fu ilan edildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 B\u00f6l\u00fcnme sonras\u0131 halklar aras\u0131nda g\u00f6\u00e7 ya\u015fand\u0131 ve Ke\u015fmir Sorunu ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 1971’de Do\u011fu Bengal b\u00f6lgesi Pakistan’dan ayr\u0131larak Banglade\u015f ad\u0131yla yeni bir devlet kurdu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Commonwealth (\u0130ngiliz Milletler Toplulu\u011fu)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 B\u00fcy\u00fck Britanya (\u0130ngiltere) taraf\u0131ndan 11 Aral\u0131k 1931’de kuruldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde 56 \u00fcye \u00fclkeyle varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcren bir devletler toplulu\u011fudur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Merkezi Londra’dad\u0131r ve \u0130ngiltere’nin eski s\u00f6m\u00fcrgelerini de i\u00e7erir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 \u0130ngiltere, siyasi ve ekonomik n\u00fcfuzunu bu topluluk \u00fczerinden devam ettirmeyi ama\u00e7lamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Resm\u00ee amac\u0131, \u00fcye \u00fclkeler aras\u0131nda her t\u00fcrl\u00fc i\u015f birli\u011fini sa\u011flamakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Afrika’da \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 \u0130hlalleri<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Afrika k\u0131tas\u0131, yakla\u015f\u0131k be\u015f y\u00fczy\u0131l boyunca Avrupal\u0131lar\u0131n a\u011f\u0131r s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcs\u00fcne maruz kald\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 S\u00f6m\u00fcrgeciler, k\u0131tan\u0131n do\u011fal kaynaklar\u0131yla birlikte insan kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 da s\u00f6m\u00fcrd\u00fcler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Geni\u015f tar\u0131m alanlar\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015facak insan g\u00fcc\u00fc ihtiyac\u0131, Afrika’da k\u00f6leli\u011fin yay\u0131lmas\u0131na neden oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Osmanl\u0131 hakimiyetinin zay\u0131flamas\u0131yla Kuzey ve Do\u011fu Afrika, Avrupal\u0131 devletlerin s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcs\u00fcne u\u011frad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 II. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 sonras\u0131 ba\u015flayan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k hareketleri Afrika’da da yank\u0131 buldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cezayir’deki Frans\u0131z Katliamlar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Fransa, Cezayir’i 1830’da i\u015fgal etti ve Fransa’n\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131 ilan etti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Cezayirliler kendi vatanlar\u0131nda g\u00f6\u00e7men durumuna d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 1881’de \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan Yerli Kanunu ile yerli halk bir\u00e7ok haktan mahrum b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Seyahat \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckleri k\u0131s\u0131tland\u0131, silah ta\u015f\u0131malar\u0131 ve din\u00ee merasim yapmalar\u0131 yasakland\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 8 May\u0131s 1945: Sava\u015f\u0131n biti\u015fini kutlayan Cezayirlilere Frans\u0131z askerleri ate\u015f a\u00e7t\u0131 (S\u00e9tif ve Guelma Katliam\u0131).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Arap kaynaklar\u0131na g\u00f6re bu katliamda 45.000 ki\u015fi hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cezayir’in Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k S\u00fcreci<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 1 Kas\u0131m 1954: FLN (Ulusal Kurtulu\u015f Cephesi) \u00f6nderli\u011finde silahl\u0131 m\u00fccadele ba\u015flat\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 19 Eyl\u00fcl 1958: Cezayir’in ileri gelenleri Kahire’de toplanarak ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z Cezayir Cumhuriyeti’ni ilan etti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 16 Eyl\u00fcl 1959: Fransa Devlet Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Charles de Gaulle, Cezayirlilere kendi geleceklerine karar verme hakk\u0131 tan\u0131yaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 19 Mart 1962: Taraflar aras\u0131nda ate\u015fkes imzaland\u0131 ve Fransa, referandum \u015fart\u0131yla ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 tan\u0131may\u0131 kabul etti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 1 Temmuz 1962: Yap\u0131lan referandum sonucu Cezayir ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ilan etti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 3 Temmuz 1962: Fransa, Cezayir’in ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 resmen kabul etti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cezayir Sava\u015f\u0131ndaki \u0130nsanl\u0131k Su\u00e7lar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Frans\u0131zlar, 2,5 milyon Cezayirliyi zorla g\u00f6\u00e7 ettirdi ve toplama kamplar\u0131 kurdu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Yakla\u015f\u0131k 8000 k\u00f6y\u00fcn tar\u0131m arazisi “yak\u0131lm\u0131\u015f toprak” (terre brul\u00e9e) y\u00f6ntemiyle yak\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Frans\u0131z ordusu, sistematik i\u015fkence y\u00f6ntemleri uygulad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Bu i\u015fkenceler, Frans\u0131z gazeteci Henri Alleg’in La Question (Sorgu) adl\u0131 kitab\u0131yla d\u00fcnyaya duyuruldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Sava\u015fta sivil halk hedef al\u0131nd\u0131 ve b\u00fcy\u00fck katliamlar ya\u015fand\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Cezayir kaynaklar\u0131na g\u00f6re sava\u015fta en az 1,5 milyon ki\u015fi hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u00fcney Afrika ve Nelson Mandela<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 G\u00fcney Afrika; Portekiz, Hollanda ve \u0130ngiltere’nin istilas\u0131na u\u011frad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 II. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 sonras\u0131 iktidara gelen Ulusal Parti, apartheid (\u0131rk ayr\u0131m\u0131) politikas\u0131n\u0131 uygulad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Apartheid rejimiyle yerli halk topraklar\u0131ndan edildi, oy kullanmas\u0131 ve nitelikli i\u015flerde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 yasakland\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Beyazlarla evlenmeleri ve ayn\u0131 kamusal alanlar\u0131 kullanmalar\u0131 engellendi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Apartheid rejimine kar\u015f\u0131 ilk m\u00fccadele 1912’de kurulan ANC (Afrika Ulusal Konseyi) ile ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Nelson Mandela, 1941’de ANC’ye kat\u0131larak bu m\u00fccadelenin simge ismi oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nelson Mandela’n\u0131n M\u00fccadelesi<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 21 Mart 1960: Sharpville Katliam\u0131’nda polis, protestoculara ate\u015f a\u00e7t\u0131; 69 ki\u015fi \u00f6ld\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Bu olaydan sonra ANC’nin t\u00fcm faaliyetleri yasakland\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 1961: Mandela, \u015fiddet i\u00e7ermeyen tutumunu terk ederek sabotaj eylemleri d\u00fczenlemeye ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 1964: Rivonia Davas\u0131’nda yarg\u0131land\u0131 ve \u00f6m\u00fcr boyu hapse mahk\u00fbm edildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Hapisli\u011finin ilk 18 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131 Robben Adas\u0131’ndaki hapishanede ge\u00e7irdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 11 \u015eubat 1990: Yirmi yedi y\u0131l sonra 71 ya\u015f\u0131ndayken ko\u015fulsuz olarak serbest b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apartheid’in Sonu ve Yeni G\u00fcney Afrika<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Uluslararas\u0131 bask\u0131lar ve halk\u0131n talepleri sonucu 1989’da Frederik Willem de Klerk apartheid yasalar\u0131n\u0131 kald\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 1993’te yeni anayasayla yerlilerin oy kullanma hakk\u0131 iade edildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 1994’te yap\u0131lan se\u00e7imlerde Nelson Mandela, G\u00fcney Afrika’n\u0131n ilk yerli devlet ba\u015fkan\u0131 oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Mandela, toplumsal bar\u0131\u015f\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in uzla\u015fma esas\u0131na dayal\u0131 bir politika izledi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 1993’te Nobel Bar\u0131\u015f \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc’n\u00fc kazand\u0131. 5 Aral\u0131k 2013’te hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Orta Do\u011fu’da Baas Rejimlerinin Olu\u015fumu<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 I. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 sonras\u0131 \u0130ngilizlerin birle\u015fik Arap devleti vaadini yerine getirmemesi, Arap milliyet\u00e7ili\u011fini g\u00fc\u00e7lendirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Baas Partisi, 7 Nisan 1943’te Mi\u015fel Eflak ve Salahaddin el-Bitar gibi liderler taraf\u0131ndan kuruldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Slogan\u0131 “Birlik, \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck, sosyalizm” idi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Parti, emperyalizmden ve ekonomik s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lardan kurtulman\u0131n tek \u00e7aresinin Arap birli\u011fini sa\u011flamak oldu\u011funu savundu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 1948 Arap-\u0130srail Sava\u015f\u0131’ndaki yenilgi, b\u00f6lgedeki rejimlerin sorgulanmas\u0131na neden oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Baas Rejimleri ve T\u00fcrk Milli M\u00fccadelesi’nin Etkisi<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Baas Partisi, 1968’den itibaren Irak’ta, 1970’ten sonra da Suriye’de etkin oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Irak ve Suriye’deki Baas rejimleri aras\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck fikir ayr\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 ya\u015fand\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Irak’taki Baas rejimi, 2003’te Saddam H\u00fcseyin iktidar\u0131n\u0131n devrilmesiyle y\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 T\u00fcrk Milli M\u00fccadelesi, Asya ve Afrika’daki di\u011fer mazlum milletler i\u00e7in \u00f6rnek te\u015fkil etti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Atat\u00fcrk, “T\u00fcrkiye’nin bug\u00fcnk\u00fc m\u00fccadelesi b\u00fct\u00fcn mazlum milletlerin davas\u0131d\u0131r” demi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Gandhi, Nehru, Cinnah gibi pek \u00e7ok lider, Atat\u00fcrk’e olan hayranl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ifade etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilik Sonras\u0131 Afrika<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Afrika \u00fclkeleri ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 kazand\u0131ktan sonra da sosyoekonomik s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar ya\u015famaya devam etti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Avrupal\u0131lar\u0131n \u00e7izdi\u011fi yapay s\u0131n\u0131rlar, \u00fclkeler aras\u0131nda s\u0131n\u0131r anla\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131na sebep oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 \u0130\u00e7 sava\u015flar ve \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar, k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131 mali kaynaklar\u0131n askeri alanlara harcanmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7t\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Bat\u0131l\u0131 k\u00fcresel \u015firketler, Afrika’daki zengin kaynaklar\u0131 i\u015fletmeye devam etti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Kabilecilik anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 nedeniyle ulus bilinci olu\u015famad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Kurakl\u0131k ve h\u0131zl\u0131 n\u00fcfus art\u0131\u015f\u0131 gibi sorunlar, Avrupa’ya y\u00f6nelik ka\u00e7ak g\u00f6\u00e7 dalgas\u0131n\u0131 h\u0131zland\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So\u011fuk Sava\u015f\u2019ta Kad\u0131nlar\u0131n \u0130\u015f Hayat\u0131na Kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Sanayi Devrimi, kad\u0131nlar\u0131n i\u015f hayat\u0131na girmesinde bir d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktas\u0131 oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 I. ve II. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015flar\u0131’nda erkeklerin askere al\u0131nmas\u0131yla kad\u0131nlar sanayi sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde aktif rol ald\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 \u00d6zellikle sava\u015f sanayisinde tank, u\u00e7ak, gemi \u00fcretiminde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131lar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Sava\u015f sonras\u0131 i\u015f hayat\u0131na at\u0131lan kad\u0131nlar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu i\u015ften \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131 veya daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck maa\u015fla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak zorunda kald\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 T\u00fcrkiye’de kad\u0131n\u0131n tar\u0131m d\u0131\u015f\u0131 i\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fcne kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 1950’lerden sonra ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Bu d\u00f6nemde d\u00fcnya genelinde kad\u0131n haklar\u0131 m\u00fccadelesi y\u00fckseldi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ABD’nin Para Piyasalar\u0131na Etkisi<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 II. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 sonras\u0131 ABD, d\u00fcnya piyasalar\u0131n\u0131 elinde tutan b\u00fcy\u00fck bir g\u00fc\u00e7 h\u00e2line geldi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 1948’de Marshall Plan\u0131’n\u0131 devreye sokarak aralar\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye’nin de oldu\u011fu on alt\u0131 \u00fclkeye maddi yard\u0131mda bulundu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 1944’te Washington merkezli IMF ve D\u00fcnya Bankas\u0131 kuruldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Yeni sistemde dolar\u0131n de\u011feri alt\u0131na, di\u011fer para birimlerinin de\u011feri de dolara sabitlendi (Bretton Woods Sistemi).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Amerikan dolar\u0131, d\u00fcnyadaki temel para birimi h\u00e2line geldi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 1971’de bu sistem terk edildi ve para birimleri dolar kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda dalgalanmaya b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So\u011fuk Sava\u015f D\u00f6nemi’nde Kentle\u015fme<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 II. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 sonras\u0131 k\u0131rsal kesimden \u015fehirlere do\u011fru b\u00fcy\u00fck bir g\u00f6\u00e7 hareketi ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Nedenleri tar\u0131mda makinele\u015fme ve sanayi tesislerindeki i\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fc ihtiyac\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Sava\u015fta y\u0131k\u0131lan Avrupa \u015fehirleri yeniden in\u015fa edildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 New York, Los Angeles gibi Amerikan \u015fehirleri d\u00fcnyan\u0131n ilk metropolleri oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 1950’lerden itibaren otomobil kullan\u0131m\u0131 artt\u0131, geni\u015f otoyollar yap\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 \u015eehirlerde getto ve varo\u015flar olu\u015ftu, su\u00e7 oranlar\u0131 artt\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Geleneksel de\u011ferler zay\u0131flad\u0131, bireyci hayat g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri ve \u00e7ekirdek aile yap\u0131s\u0131 yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sanat\u0131n Kitleler \u00dczerindeki Etkisi: M\u00fczik ve Sinema<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 M\u00fczik: 1950’lerde rock and roll tarz\u0131 ve en \u00f6nemli temsilcisi Elvis Presley gen\u00e7leri etkiledi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 1960’larda Beatles, Bob Dylan gibi isimler bar\u0131\u015f eksenli bir m\u00fczik anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 geli\u015ftirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Bu m\u00fczisyenler, Vietnam Sava\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenci protestolar\u0131na ilham verdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Sinema: Televizyonun yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131yla sinemaya ilgi azald\u0131 ancak film end\u00fcstrisi kendini yeniledi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Marilyn Monroe, Grace Kelly gibi y\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131n yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 pop\u00fcler filmler \u00e7ekildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Avrupa’da ise Yeni Dalga ak\u0131m\u0131, klasik sinema anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 reddeden sanatsal filmler ortaya \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sanat\u0131n Kitleler \u00dczerindeki Etkisi: Resim<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Ressam Salvador Dali \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcndeki s\u00fcrrealizm ak\u0131m\u0131 1960’lara kadar etkisini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 ABD’de soyut d\u0131\u015favurumculuk ad\u0131 verilen yeni bir resim anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 New York, sanat d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n yeni ba\u015fkenti oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 1960’lardan sonra pop art (Andy Warhol), op art (optik resim) ve fotorealizm gibi yeni ak\u0131mlar do\u011fdu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Pop art, pop\u00fcler k\u00fclt\u00fcr imgelerini renkli ve farkl\u0131 bir bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131yla resmetti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Uluslararas\u0131 Spor Organizasyonlar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 II. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 sonras\u0131 ilk olimpiyat 1948’de Londra’da yap\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 ABD ve SSCB, spor organizasyonlar\u0131nda s\u0131k s\u0131k kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya geldi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Spor, iki blok aras\u0131nda diplomatik ili\u015fki kurulmas\u0131na zemin haz\u0131rlad\u0131 ancak siyasi gerginliklere de sahne oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 1956 Melbourne Olimpiyatlar\u0131’nda SSCB ve Macaristan aras\u0131nda su topu ma\u00e7\u0131nda kavga \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 1971’de “Ping pong diplomasisi” sayesinde ABD ile \u00c7in aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkiler yumu\u015fad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 1972 M\u00fcnih Olimpiyatlar\u0131’nda Kara Eyl\u00fcl \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc’n\u00fcn ter\u00f6r sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131, olimpiyatlar\u0131n ruhunu zedeledi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Geli\u015fmeler<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 N\u00fckleer Reakt\u00f6rler: Sava\u015f sonras\u0131 SSCB ve \u0130ngiltere de atom bombas\u0131 \u00fcretti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 1956’da \u0130ngiltere ve Fransa’da ilk sivil n\u00fckleer enerji santralleri a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Chernobyl (1986) ve Fuku\u015fima (2011) facialar\u0131 n\u00fckleer enerjinin sorgulanmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7t\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 DNA’n\u0131n Ke\u015ffi: 1953’te James Watson ve Francis Crick, DNA’n\u0131n \u00e7ift sarmal yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koydu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Bu ke\u015fif, genetik ve t\u0131p alan\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131r a\u00e7t\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 \u0130nsan Genom Projesi ile 1800’den fazla hastal\u0131k geni ke\u015ffedildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Uzay \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 ABD ve SSCB aras\u0131ndaki s\u00fcper g\u00fc\u00e7 yar\u0131\u015f\u0131 uzaya ta\u015f\u0131nd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 SSCB, 1957’de Sputnik 1 uydusunu uzaya f\u0131rlatt\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 1961’de kozmonot Yuri Gagarin, uzaya giden ve D\u00fcnya’n\u0131n y\u00f6r\u00fcngesinde tur atan ilk insan oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 ABD, 1958’de NASA’y\u0131 kurdu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 20 Temmuz 1969’da Apollo 11 uzay arac\u0131yla astronot Neil Armstrong, Ay’a ayak basan ilk insan oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Uzay teknolojileri; hava durumu tahmini, ileti\u015fim (telefon, TV, internet) gibi alanlarda devrim yaratt\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin D\u0131\u015f Politikas\u0131 ve Sovyet Tehdidi<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 So\u011fuk Sava\u015f ba\u015f\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye’nin d\u0131\u015f politikas\u0131n\u0131 Sovyet tehdidi belirledi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 SSCB; Montreux Bo\u011fazlar S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi’nde de\u011fi\u015fiklik, Bo\u011fazlarda \u00fcs ve Kars ile Ardahan’\u0131 talep etti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Bu durum, T\u00fcrkiye’nin ABD ile yak\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131na neden oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 ABD, \u00f6len T\u00fcrk b\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7isi M\u00fcnir Erteg\u00fcn’\u00fcn cenazesini Missouri z\u0131rhl\u0131s\u0131yla 1946’da T\u00fcrkiye’ye g\u00f6ndererek bir mesaj verdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 T\u00fcrkiye, Truman Doktrini ve Marshall Plan\u0131’ndan yararland\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Bu d\u00f6nemde ABD’de McCarthyism (MekKartizm) ad\u0131 verilen bir anti-kom\u00fcnist cad\u0131 av\u0131 ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Bat\u0131 Bloku\u2019na Entegrasyonu<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 T\u00fcrkiye, sadece ABD ile de\u011fil, Bat\u0131 Avrupa \u00fclkeleriyle de iyi ili\u015fkiler kurmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 8 A\u011fustos 1949’da Avrupa Konseyi’ne d\u00e2hil oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakan\u0131 Necmettin Sadak, bu kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n d\u0131\u015f siyasetlerinin do\u011fal bir sonucu oldu\u011funu belirtti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 T\u00fcrkiye, bu ad\u0131mlarla hem Sovyet tehdidine kar\u015f\u0131 kendini g\u00fcvenceye almak hem de ekonomik kalk\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak istiyordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kore Sava\u015f\u0131 ve T\u00fcrkiye’nin Nato \u00dcyeli\u011fi<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 II. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 sonras\u0131 Kore, 38. paralel s\u0131n\u0131r olmak \u00fczere Kuzey ve G\u00fcney olarak ikiye ayr\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 25 Haziran 1950’de Kuzey Kore’nin G\u00fcney Kore’ye sald\u0131rmas\u0131yla Kore Sava\u015f\u0131 ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler, G\u00fcney Kore’ye askeri destek karar\u0131 ald\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 T\u00fcrkiye, NATO’ya kabul edilmek i\u00e7in bu g\u00fcce Tu\u011fgeneral Tahsin Yaz\u0131c\u0131 komutas\u0131nda bir tugay g\u00f6nderdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 T\u00fcrk tugay\u0131, sava\u015fta b\u00fcy\u00fck ba\u015far\u0131lar g\u00f6sterdi ve “M\u00fcmtaz Birlik Madalyas\u0131” ile \u00f6d\u00fcllendirildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 T\u00fcrk askerlerinin Kore’deki ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131, NATO \u00fcyesi \u00fclkelerin endi\u015felerini giderdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 ABD, Sovyetleri \u00e7evreleme politikas\u0131 do\u011frultusunda T\u00fcrkiye’nin \u00fcyeli\u011fini destekledi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 15 Eyl\u00fcl 1951’de NATO Bakanlar Konseyi, T\u00fcrkiye ve Yunanistan’\u0131 birli\u011fe davet etti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 18 \u015eubat 1952’de TBMM’nin kabul\u00fcyle T\u00fcrkiye resmen NATO’ya \u00fcye oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nato \u00dcyeli\u011fi Sonras\u0131 T\u00fcrk Silahl\u0131 Kuvvetleri<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 T\u00fcrkiye, NATO’ya \u00fcye olduktan sonra askeri yard\u0131mlar almaya devam etti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 T\u00fcrk ordusu, Alman askeri doktrininden Amerikan askeri doktrinine ge\u00e7i\u015f yapt\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 T\u00fcrk Silahl\u0131 Kuvvetleri, NATO standartlar\u0131na g\u00f6re yeniden yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Kara, deniz ve hava kuvvetleri i\u00e7in ayr\u0131 kararg\u00e2hlar kuruldu, ordu modern silahlarla donat\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Hava kuvvetlerinde pervaneli u\u00e7aklardan jet u\u00e7aklar\u0131na ge\u00e7i\u015f h\u0131zland\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 1954’te NATO Kuvvetler Stat\u00fcs\u00fc S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi ile T\u00fcrkiye, topraklar\u0131nda Amerikan \u00fcsleri kurulmas\u0131na izin verdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcrkiye’de Savunma Sanayii<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 ABD ve NATO; \u0130ncirlik Hava \u00dcss\u00fc ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere T\u00fcrkiye’de bir\u00e7ok askeri tesis kurdu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Bu \u00fcsler, ABD’nin Sovyetleri g\u00f6zetlemesi ve Orta Do\u011fu’daki krizlere m\u00fcdahale etmesi i\u00e7in kullan\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Cumhuriyetin ilk y\u0131llar\u0131nda \u015eakir Z\u00fcmre, Nuri Killigil, Vecihi H\u00fcrku\u015f ve Nuri Demira\u011f gibi giri\u015fimcilerle savunma sanayisinde \u00f6nemli ad\u0131mlar at\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Ancak II. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 sonras\u0131 ba\u015flayan askeri yard\u0131mlar, yerli savunma sanayisinin ihmal edilmesine neden oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Bu durum, T\u00fcrkiye’nin askeri teknolojide d\u0131\u015fa ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 bir \u00fclke h\u00e2line gelmesine yol a\u00e7t\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Demokrat Parti’nin Kurulmas\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 II. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 sonras\u0131 \u00e7ok partili hayata ge\u00e7i\u015f \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 h\u0131zland\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 H\u00fck\u00fcmet, topraks\u0131z k\u00f6yl\u00fcleri toprakland\u0131rmak i\u00e7in 11 Haziran 1945’te \u00c7ift\u00e7iyi Toprakland\u0131rma Kanunu’nu \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Ancak kanun, fonlar\u0131n yetersizli\u011fi gibi nedenlerle tam olarak uygulanamad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Kanunun g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fclmesi s\u0131ras\u0131nda CHP i\u00e7inde fikir ayr\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Celal Bayar, Adnan Menderes, Refik Koraltan ve Fuat K\u00f6pr\u00fcl\u00fc, parti y\u00f6netimine muhalif bir tav\u0131r sergiledi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Bu d\u00f6rt isim, 7 Haziran 1945’te D\u00f6rtl\u00fc Takrir ad\u0131 verilen bir \u00f6nerge verdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 \u00d6nergenin reddedilmesi ve Menderes ile K\u00f6pr\u00fcl\u00fc’n\u00fcn partiden ihra\u00e7 edilmesi \u00fczerine yeni bir parti kurma s\u00fcreci ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 7 Ocak 1946’da Demokrat Parti (DP) resmen kuruldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Partinin program\u0131nda liberal ekonomi ve demokrasi vurgusu \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1946 ve 1950 Se\u00e7imleri<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 1946 Se\u00e7imleri: A\u00e7\u0131k oy gizli say\u0131m usul\u00fcyle yap\u0131ld\u0131 ve se\u00e7imlere hile kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 iddialar\u0131 g\u00fcndeme geldi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Se\u00e7imleri b\u00fcy\u00fck bir farkla CHP kazand\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 1950 Se\u00e7imleri: Gizli oy a\u00e7\u0131k say\u0131m usul\u00fcne g\u00f6re yap\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 14 May\u0131s 1950’de yap\u0131lan se\u00e7imleri DP kazand\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Bu olay, iktidar\u0131n Cumhuriyet tarihinde ilk defa se\u00e7imle el de\u011fi\u015ftirmesi nedeniyle “Beyaz Devrim” olarak adland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Celal Bayar cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131, Adnan Menderes ise ba\u015fbakan oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

27 May\u0131s 1960 Asker\u00ee Darbesi<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 DP iktidar\u0131nda Arap\u00e7a ezan yasa\u011f\u0131 kald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131, halkevleri kapat\u0131ld\u0131 ve CHP’nin mallar\u0131 hazineye devredildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 1954 ve 1957 se\u00e7imlerini de DP kazand\u0131, ancak \u00fclkede siyasi gerilim artmaya ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Ekonomideki k\u00f6t\u00fc gidi\u015fat, deval\u00fcasyon ve zamlar halk\u0131n tepkisini \u00e7ekti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 \u0130ktidar ve muhalefet aras\u0131ndaki kutupla\u015fma artt\u0131; DP, Vatan Cephesi’ni kurdu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Muhalefetin faaliyetlerini soru\u015fturmak i\u00e7in kurulan Tahkikat Komisyonu tepkilere yol a\u00e7t\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 \u00dcniversitelerde ba\u015flayan \u00f6\u011frenci protestolar\u0131 \u00fclke geneline yay\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Ordu i\u00e7inde cuntac\u0131 bir grup subay, h\u00fck\u00fcmete darbe yapmak i\u00e7in haz\u0131rl\u0131klara ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 27 May\u0131s 1960 tarihinde bir grup subay, askeri bir darbe yaparak y\u00f6netime el koydu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Cemal G\u00fcrsel ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Milli Birlik Komitesi kuruldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Anayasa ve TBMM feshedildi, siyasi partiler kapat\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Celal Bayar, Ba\u015fbakan Adnan Menderes ve bir\u00e7ok siyaset\u00e7i tutuklanarak Yass\u0131ada’da yarg\u0131land\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yass\u0131ada Yarg\u0131lamalar\u0131 ve Sonras\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Yarg\u0131lamalar sonucunda Ba\u015fbakan Adnan Menderes, D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakan\u0131 Fatin R\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc Zorlu ve Maliye Bakan\u0131 Hasan Polatkan idam edildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Darbeden sonra yeni bir anayasa (1961 Anayasas\u0131) haz\u0131rland\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 15 Ekim 1961’de yap\u0131lan se\u00e7imler sonras\u0131 Cemal G\u00fcrsel cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Darbe, T\u00fcrk siyasi hayat\u0131nda uzun s\u00fcrecek bir istikrars\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa neden oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dp D\u00f6nemi’nde Ekonomik Geli\u015fmeler<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 DP, ekonomide devlet\u00e7ilik yerine serbest piyasa ekonomisini benimsedi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Marshall Yard\u0131m\u0131 ile tar\u0131mda makinele\u015fme sa\u011fland\u0131 ve T\u00fcrkiye tah\u0131l ihra\u00e7 eden bir \u00fclke konumuna geldi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Ancak bu durum, sanayinin yedek par\u00e7a gibi konularda d\u0131\u015fa ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 olmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7t\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Yabanc\u0131 sermayeyi \u00e7ekmek i\u00e7in kanun \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131 ancak hedeflenen ba\u015far\u0131ya ula\u015f\u0131lamad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 1954’ten sonra ekonomideki d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f\u00fc engelleyemeyen h\u00fck\u00fcmet, IMF’den bor\u00e7 almak zorunda kald\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dp D\u00f6nemi’nde Sosyok\u00fclt\u00fcrel Geli\u015fmeler<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 N\u00fcfus h\u0131zla artt\u0131, tar\u0131mda makinele\u015fme k\u00f6yden kente g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fc h\u0131zland\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 \u015eehirlerde gecekondula\u015fma ve altyap\u0131 sorunlar\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Sinema: Ye\u015fil\u00e7am’da toplumsal sorunlar\u0131 i\u015fleyen filmler \u00e7ekildi. Hal\u0131c\u0131 K\u0131z, ilk uzun metrajl\u0131 renkli film oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 M\u00fczik: Radyo pop\u00fclerli\u011fini korudu. Zeki M\u00fcren, M\u00fczeyyen Senar gibi sanat\u00e7\u0131lar halk taraf\u0131ndan sevildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Edebiyat: \u015eiirde \u0130kinci Yeni ak\u0131m\u0131 do\u011fdu. Roman ve hik\u00e2yede Ya\u015far Kemal, Kemal Tahir, Orhan Kemal gibi yazarlar k\u00f6y ve kent sorunlar\u0131n\u0131 ele ald\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yerli Sanayi Hamleleri: G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f Motor<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Necmettin Erbakan \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde 1956’da T\u00fcrkiye’nin ilk yerli motorunu \u00fcretmek i\u00e7in G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f Motor Fabrikas\u0131 kuruldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Fabrika tamamen yerli sermaye ile kuruldu ve \u00e7ift\u00e7ilerin kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 pompa motorlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00fcretti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Ancak ithalat\u00e7\u0131 firmalar\u0131n lobi faaliyetleri ve h\u00fck\u00fcmetin motor ithalat\u0131n\u0131 serbest b\u0131rakmas\u0131 sonucu fabrika zarara u\u011frad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 1964’te Erbakan g\u00f6revden uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131 ve fabrikan\u0131n ad\u0131 Pancar Motor olarak de\u011fi\u015ftirildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yerli Sanayi Hamleleri: Devrim Arabas\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 1960’larda otomotiv sekt\u00f6r\u00fcndeki d\u0131\u015fa ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 azaltmak i\u00e7in yerli otomobil \u00fcretimi g\u00fcndeme geldi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Cemal G\u00fcrsel’in talimat\u0131yla 1961’de TCDD at\u00f6lyelerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalara ba\u015fland\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 T\u00fcrk m\u00fchendis ve i\u015f\u00e7ileri, 129 g\u00fcn gibi k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcrede Devrim ad\u0131 verilen d\u00f6rt otomobil \u00fcretti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 29 Ekim 1961’deki t\u00f6renlerde, Cemal G\u00fcrsel’in bindi\u011fi araban\u0131n benzini bitti\u011fi i\u00e7in yolda kalmas\u0131, projenin ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z oldu\u011fu \u015feklinde bas\u0131na yans\u0131d\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Olumsuz propaganda nedeniyle projenin devam\u0131 getirilmedi.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00c7a\u011fda\u015f T\u00fcrk ve D\u00fcnya Tarihi Dersi liselerde se\u00e7meli olarak okutulan bir derstir. Bu sayfada payla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z \u00c7a\u011fda\u015f T\u00fcrk ve D\u00fcnya Tarihi \u00f6zet ders notlar\u0131 sayesinde s\u0131navda kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fabilece\u011finiz t\u00fcm konulara […]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":2875,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_regular_price":[],"currency_symbol":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[179],"tags":[185,296,99],"class_list":["post-2912","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cagdas-turk-ve-dunya-tarihi-ders-notlari","tag-cagdas-turk-ve-dunya-tarihi","tag-cagdas-turk-ve-dunya-tarihi-ders-notlari","tag-ders-notlari"],"post_slider_layout_featured_media_urls":{"thumbnail":["https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Pink-Gradient-Concept-Map-Chart-150x150.png",150,150,true],"post_slider_layout_landscape_large":["https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Pink-Gradient-Concept-Map-Chart-1200x800.png",1200,800,true],"post_slider_layout_portrait_large":["https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Pink-Gradient-Concept-Map-Chart-1200x1080.png",1200,1080,true],"post_slider_layout_square_large":["https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Pink-Gradient-Concept-Map-Chart-1200x1080.png",1200,1080,true],"post_slider_layout_landscape":["https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Pink-Gradient-Concept-Map-Chart-600x400.png",600,400,true],"post_slider_layout_portrait":["https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Pink-Gradient-Concept-Map-Chart-600x900.png",600,900,true],"post_slider_layout_square":["https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Pink-Gradient-Concept-Map-Chart-600x600.png",600,600,true],"full":["https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Pink-Gradient-Concept-Map-Chart.png",1920,1080,false]},"yoast_head":"\n\u00c7a\u011fda\u015f T\u00fcrk ve D\u00fcnya Tarihi 3. \u00dcnite: So\u011fuk Sava\u015f - 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