{"id":2914,"date":"2026-02-09T18:53:00","date_gmt":"2026-02-09T15:53:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/?p=2914"},"modified":"2025-10-02T08:59:04","modified_gmt":"2025-10-02T05:59:04","slug":"cagdas-turk-ve-dunya-tarihi-4-unite-yumusama-donemi-ve-sonrasi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/index.php\/2026\/02\/09\/cagdas-turk-ve-dunya-tarihi-4-unite-yumusama-donemi-ve-sonrasi\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00c7a\u011fda\u015f T\u00fcrk ve D\u00fcnya Tarihi 4. \u00dcnite: Yumu\u015fama D\u00f6nemi ve Sonras\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u00c7a\u011fda\u015f T\u00fcrk ve D\u00fcnya Tarihi Dersi&nbsp;<\/strong>liselerde se\u00e7meli olarak okutulan bir derstir. Bu sayfada payla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z&nbsp;<strong>\u00c7a\u011fda\u015f T\u00fcrk ve D\u00fcnya Tarihi \u00f6zet ders notlar\u0131 <\/strong>sayesinde&nbsp;s\u0131navda kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fabilece\u011finiz t\u00fcm konulara hakim olacaks\u0131n\u0131z. Bu \u00f6zet ders notlar\u0131&nbsp;<strong>Milli E\u011fitim Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 m\u00fcfredat\u0131na<\/strong>&nbsp;uygun olarak haz\u0131rland\u0131. Bu ders notlar\u0131 sayesinde&nbsp;<strong>Se\u00e7meli \u00c7a\u011fda\u015f T\u00fcrk ve D\u00fcnya Tarihi Dersi yaz\u0131l\u0131s\u0131<\/strong>ndan 100 alacaks\u0131n\u0131z.&nbsp;<strong>\u00c7a\u011fda\u015f T\u00fcrk ve D\u00fcnya Tarihi&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>4<\/strong><strong>.<\/strong><strong> \u00dcnite: <\/strong><strong>So\u011fuk Sava\u015f <\/strong><strong>Ders Notu<\/strong>&nbsp;<strong>MEB ders kitaplar\u0131<\/strong>&nbsp;ile uyumludur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">S\u0131n\u0131f:&nbsp;<strong>Se\u00e7meli tarih<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ders:&nbsp;<strong>\u00c7a\u011fda\u015f T\u00fcrk ve D\u00fcnya Tarihi<\/strong> <strong>pdf<\/strong> indir<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00dcnite:&nbsp;<strong>4<\/strong><strong>. <\/strong><strong>\u00fcnite: <\/strong><strong>Yumu\u015fama D\u00f6nemi ve Sonras\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0130lgili yaz\u0131l\u0131:<strong>&nbsp;\u00c7a\u011fda\u015f T\u00fcrk ve D\u00fcnya Tarihi <\/strong><strong>2<\/strong><strong>. d\u00f6nem <\/strong><strong>1<\/strong><strong>. yaz\u0131l\u0131<\/strong>, <strong>\u00c7a\u011fda\u015f T\u00fcrk ve D\u00fcnya Tarihi <\/strong><strong>2<\/strong><strong>. d\u00f6nem <\/strong><strong>2<\/strong><strong>. yaz\u0131l\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. \u00dcN\u0130TE: YUMU\u015eAMA D\u00d6NEM\u0130 VE SONRASI<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Yumu\u015fama (Detant) D\u00f6nemi<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>So\u011fuk Sava\u015f<\/strong>&#8216;taki ilk kriz <strong>Berlin<\/strong>&#8216;in stat\u00fcs\u00fc konusunda ya\u015fand\u0131.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>1953<\/strong>&#8216;te <strong>Stalin<\/strong>&#8216;in \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra devlet ba\u015fkan\u0131 olan <strong>Nikita Kru\u015f\u00e7ev<\/strong>, bar\u0131\u015f odakl\u0131 bir d\u0131\u015f politika benimsedi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bu d\u00f6nemde <strong>ABD<\/strong> de Sovyetlerle ili\u015fkileri iyile\u015ftirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ve iki \u00fclke aras\u0131nda <strong>Yumu\u015fama (Detant) D\u00f6nemi<\/strong> ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0130ki s\u00fcper g\u00fcc\u00fcn n\u00fckleer silahlar\u0131 nedeniyle &#8220;<strong>deh\u015fet dengesi<\/strong>&#8221; ad\u0131 verilen bir uzla\u015f\u0131 sa\u011fland\u0131.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bu denge, Do\u011fu ve Bat\u0131 bloklar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkilerin yumu\u015famas\u0131na ve krizlerin diplomatik yollarla \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcne katk\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Berlin Sorunu ve U-2 Krizi<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Yumu\u015faman\u0131n ilk i\u015fareti, <strong>ABD<\/strong>&#8216;de ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen <strong>Eisenhower-Kru\u015f\u00e7ev<\/strong> g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmesi oldu.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Kru\u015f\u00e7ev<\/strong>, Berlin sorununun \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc i\u00e7in d\u00f6rtl\u00fc bir zirve toplanmas\u0131n\u0131 istedi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>16 May\u0131s 1960<\/strong>&#8216;ta planlanan zirve, Adana&#8217;daki <strong>\u0130ncirlik Hava \u00dcss\u00fc<\/strong>&#8216;nden kalkan bir <strong>ABD U-2 casus u\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n\u0131n<\/strong> Sovyetler taraf\u0131ndan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclmesiyle iptal edildi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bu olay sonras\u0131 <strong>Kru\u015f\u00e7ev<\/strong> ve yeni ABD Ba\u015fkan\u0131 <strong>John F. Kennedy<\/strong> aras\u0131nda <strong>3-4 Haziran 1961<\/strong>&#8216;de Viyana&#8217;da yap\u0131lan g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeden de sonu\u00e7 al\u0131namad\u0131.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bunun \u00fczerine <strong>13 A\u011fustos 1961<\/strong>&#8216;de Do\u011fu ve Bat\u0131 Almanya aras\u0131na <strong>Berlin Duvar\u0131<\/strong> in\u015fa edildi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>K\u00fcba Buhran\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>1959<\/strong>&#8216;da <strong>Fidel Castro<\/strong>&#8216;nun K\u00fcba&#8217;da iktidar\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irmesi, d\u00fcnyay\u0131 n\u00fckleer bir sava\u015f\u0131n e\u015fi\u011fine getirdi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Kom\u00fcnist <strong>Castro<\/strong> rejimi, <strong>ABD<\/strong>&#8216;nin mal varl\u0131klar\u0131na el koyarak <strong>SSCB<\/strong> ile yak\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>ABD, K\u00fcba&#8217;ya ekonomik ambargo uygulad\u0131 ve Castro rejimini devirmek i\u00e7in <strong>17 Nisan 1961<\/strong>&#8216;de <strong>Domuzlar K\u00f6rfezi<\/strong>&#8216;ne \u00e7\u0131karma yapt\u0131, ancak ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z oldu.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bunun \u00fczerine <strong>SSCB<\/strong>, K\u00fcba&#8217;ya f\u00fcze \u00fcsleri kurmaya ve n\u00fckleer f\u00fczeler yerle\u015ftirmeye ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>22 Ekim 1962<\/strong>&#8216;de Ba\u015fkan <strong>Kennedy<\/strong>, bu durumu televizyonda a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131 ve <strong>ABD<\/strong>, K\u00fcba&#8217;y\u0131 denizden ablukaya ald\u0131.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Kriz, diplomatik giri\u015fimlerle a\u015f\u0131ld\u0131.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>SSCB<\/strong>, ABD&#8217;nin T\u00fcrkiye&#8217;ye konu\u015fland\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 <strong>J\u00fcpiter f\u00fczelerini<\/strong> kald\u0131rmas\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda K\u00fcba&#8217;daki f\u00fczeleri s\u00f6kmeyi kabul etti.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bu buhran, <strong>\u00c7in-SSCB<\/strong> ili\u015fkilerini bozdu ve <strong>Fransa<\/strong>&#8216;n\u0131n <strong>NATO<\/strong>&#8216;nun askeri kanad\u0131ndan ayr\u0131lmas\u0131na neden oldu (<strong>1966<\/strong>).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>J\u00fcpiter f\u00fczelerinin<\/strong> kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, T\u00fcrkiye&#8217;de ABD&#8217;ye kar\u015f\u0131 g\u00fcvenin azalmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7t\u0131.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bu krizden sonra n\u00fckleer silahlar\u0131n kontrol\u00fc ve silahs\u0131zlanma i\u00e7in diplomatik ad\u0131mlar at\u0131ld\u0131.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>1972<\/strong>&#8216;de <strong>SALT-I<\/strong>, <strong>1979<\/strong>&#8216;da <strong>SALT-II<\/strong> antla\u015fmalar\u0131 imzaland\u0131.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Ke\u015fmir Sorunu<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>1947<\/strong>&#8216;de ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olan <strong>Hindistan<\/strong> ve <strong>Pakistan<\/strong> aras\u0131nda, halk\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olan <strong>Ke\u015fmir<\/strong>&#8216;in stat\u00fcs\u00fc konusunda anla\u015fmazl\u0131k \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ke\u015fmir mihracesinin b\u00f6lgeyi Hindistan&#8217;a dahil etmesi \u00fczerine <strong>1948<\/strong>&#8216;de <strong>Hindistan-Pakistan Sava\u015f\u0131<\/strong> \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>BM<\/strong>&#8216;nin araya girmesiyle ate\u015fkes sa\u011fland\u0131 ve Ke\u015fmir&#8217;de plebisit (halk oylamas\u0131) yap\u0131lmas\u0131 kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ancak Hindistan, kontrol\u00fcndeki topraklarda plebisit yapmad\u0131.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pakistan&#8217;\u0131n <strong>1955<\/strong>&#8216;te <strong>Ba\u011fdat Pakt\u0131<\/strong>&#8216;na \u00fcye olmas\u0131yla <strong>SSCB<\/strong>, Ke\u015fmir sorununda Hindistan&#8217;\u0131 desteklemeye ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>1959<\/strong>&#8216;da <strong>Tibet<\/strong>&#8216;i i\u015fgal eden <strong>\u00c7in<\/strong> ile <strong>Hindistan<\/strong> aras\u0131nda s\u0131n\u0131r anla\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131 ya\u015fand\u0131 ve <strong>1962<\/strong>&#8216;de <strong>\u00c7in-Hindistan Sava\u015f\u0131<\/strong> ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bu sava\u015fta ABD&#8217;nin Hindistan&#8217;\u0131 desteklemesi \u00fczerine Pakistan, \u00c7in ile yak\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>1965<\/strong>&#8216;te Pakistan ile Hindistan aras\u0131nda yeni bir sava\u015f \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Sava\u015f, <strong>BM G\u00fcvenlik Konseyi<\/strong>&#8216;nin \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131yla sona erdi ve <strong>10 Ocak 1966<\/strong>&#8216;da <strong>Ta\u015fkent Deklarasyonu<\/strong> yay\u0131mland\u0131.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>1971<\/strong>&#8216;deki sava\u015f sonras\u0131 imzalanan <strong>Simla Antla\u015fmas\u0131<\/strong> ile <strong>Banglade\u015f<\/strong> tan\u0131nd\u0131 ve Ke\u015fmir sorununun bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l yollarla \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmesi kabul edildi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Vietnam Sava\u015f\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>1945<\/strong>&#8216;te Vietnam&#8217;da kom\u00fcnist lider <strong>Ho Chi Minh<\/strong> y\u00f6netiminde <strong>Demokratik Vietnam Cumhuriyeti<\/strong> kuruldu.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Fransa<\/strong>&#8216;n\u0131n b\u00f6lgeyi yeniden kontrol alt\u0131na alma iste\u011fi \u00fczerine <strong>1946<\/strong>&#8216;da sava\u015f ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Fransa&#8217;n\u0131n yenilgisi sonras\u0131 <strong>1954 Cenevre Konferans\u0131<\/strong>&#8216;nda <strong>Laos<\/strong> ve <strong>Kambo\u00e7ya<\/strong>&#8216;n\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 tan\u0131nd\u0131.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Vietnam ise <strong>17. paralel<\/strong> s\u0131n\u0131r olmak \u00fczere kom\u00fcnist <strong>Kuzey Vietnam<\/strong> ve Bat\u0131 yanl\u0131s\u0131 <strong>G\u00fcney Vietnam<\/strong> olarak ikiye ayr\u0131ld\u0131.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Ho Chi Minh<\/strong>, G\u00fcney Vietnam&#8217;\u0131 devirmek i\u00e7in <strong>Vietkong<\/strong> arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla silahl\u0131 m\u00fccadele ba\u015flatt\u0131.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>2 A\u011fustos 1964<\/strong>&#8216;te Kuzey Vietnam&#8217;\u0131n <strong>Tonkin K\u00f6rfezi<\/strong>&#8216;nde Amerikan gemilerine sald\u0131rmas\u0131 \u00fczerine <strong>ABD<\/strong>, sava\u015fa dahil oldu.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Sava\u015f, <strong>1973<\/strong> y\u0131l\u0131na kadar s\u00fcrd\u00fc ve ABD kamuoyunda b\u00fcy\u00fck tepkilere neden oldu.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ba\u015fkan <strong>Richard Nixon<\/strong>, <strong>Nixon Doktrini<\/strong> do\u011frultusunda askerlerini geri \u00e7ekmeye ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>27 Ocak 1973<\/strong>&#8216;te <strong>Paris Bar\u0131\u015f Antla\u015fmas\u0131<\/strong> imzaland\u0131 ancak \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar devam etti.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>1975<\/strong>&#8216;te Kuzey Vietnam, G\u00fcney&#8217;in ba\u015fkenti <strong>Saygon<\/strong>&#8216;u ele ge\u00e7irdi ve \u00fclke birle\u015fti.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>SSCB&#8217;nin Afganistan&#8217;\u0131 \u0130\u015fgali (1979)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Afganistan<\/strong>, II. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131&#8217;ndan sonra <strong>SSCB<\/strong> ile yak\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>1978<\/strong>&#8216;de Afganistan&#8217;da kom\u00fcnist bir rejim kuruldu, ancak halk\u0131n direni\u015fiyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>SSCB<\/strong>, rejimi desteklemek ve &#8220;<strong>Brejnev Doktrini<\/strong>&#8221; (sosyalist rejimleri koruma politikas\u0131) do\u011frultusunda <strong>27 Aral\u0131k 1979<\/strong>&#8216;da Afganistan&#8217;\u0131 i\u015fgal etti.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bu i\u015fgal, <strong>ABD<\/strong> ile <strong>SSCB<\/strong> aras\u0131ndaki yumu\u015fama s\u00fcrecini bozdu. ABD, SALT-II Antla\u015fmas\u0131&#8217;n\u0131 onaylamad\u0131.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>ABD, \u00c7in ve Pakistan gibi \u00fclkeler Afgan m\u00fccahitlerine askeri ve ekonomik destek verdi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Dokuz y\u0131l s\u00fcren i\u015fgalde ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z olan ve ekonomik olarak zorlanan <strong>SSCB<\/strong>, <strong>1989<\/strong>&#8216;da Afganistan&#8217;dan \u00e7ekildi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131zlar Hareketi&#8217;nin Olu\u015fumu<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>II. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 sonras\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kazanan Asya ve Afrika \u00fclkeleri, iki kutuplu d\u00fcnya d\u00fczeninde kendi \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131 korumak istedi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bu ama\u00e7la, <strong>18-24 Nisan 1955<\/strong>&#8216;te <strong>Bandung Konferans\u0131<\/strong>&#8216;nda bir araya gelerek <strong>Ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131zlar Hareketi<\/strong>&#8216;ni kurdular.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Hareketin \u00f6nc\u00fcleri Hindistan&#8217;dan <strong>Jawaharlal Nehru<\/strong>, Yugoslavya&#8217;dan <strong>Tito<\/strong> ve M\u0131s\u0131r&#8217;dan <strong>Cemal Abd\u00fcnnas\u0131r<\/strong> idi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ama\u00e7lar\u0131; emperyalizme kar\u015f\u0131 durmak, ekonomik kalk\u0131nmay\u0131 sa\u011flamak ve n\u00fckleer bir sava\u015f tehlikesinden uzak durmakt\u0131.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Hareket, <strong>1961<\/strong>&#8216;de <strong>Belgrad Konferans\u0131<\/strong> ile kurumsalla\u015ft\u0131.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Orta Do\u011fu&#8217;da Enerji Rekabeti ve Opec<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Yumu\u015fama D\u00f6nemi&#8217;nde artan enerji t\u00fcketimi, k\u00fcresel g\u00fc\u00e7ler aras\u0131nda enerji kaynaklar\u0131 \u00fczerinde rekabeti art\u0131rd\u0131.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>1960<\/strong>&#8216;ta petrol ihracat\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 \u00fclkeler, petrol fiyatlar\u0131n\u0131 korumak ve gelirlerini g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na almak i\u00e7in <strong>OPEC<\/strong>&#8216;i (Petrol \u0130hra\u00e7 Eden \u00dclkeler \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc) kurdu.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>1968<\/strong>&#8216;de ise <strong>OAPEC<\/strong> (Petrol \u0130hra\u00e7 Eden Arap \u00dclkeleri Te\u015fkilat\u0131) kuruldu ve petrol, siyasi bir bask\u0131 arac\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131lmaya ba\u015fland\u0131.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>1973 Petrol Krizi<\/strong> sonras\u0131 sanayile\u015fmi\u015f devletler, n\u00fckleer enerji ve yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklar\u0131na y\u00f6neldi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Arap-\u0130srail Sava\u015flar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>1948 Arap-\u0130srail Sava\u015f\u0131<\/strong>: <strong>\u0130srail Devleti<\/strong>&#8216;nin kurulmas\u0131yla ba\u015flad\u0131. Sava\u015f sonunda \u0130srail topraklar\u0131n\u0131 geni\u015fletti ve yakla\u015f\u0131k 800.000 Filistinli m\u00fclteci durumuna d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>1956 S\u00fcvey\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131<\/strong>: M\u0131s\u0131r lideri <strong>Cemal Abd\u00fcnnas\u0131r<\/strong>&#8216;\u0131n <strong>S\u00fcvey\u015f Kanal\u0131<\/strong>&#8216;n\u0131 millile\u015ftirmesi \u00fczerine <strong>\u0130srail, \u0130ngiltere<\/strong> ve <strong>Fransa<\/strong>, M\u0131s\u0131r&#8217;a sald\u0131rd\u0131. <strong>ABD<\/strong> ve <strong>SSCB<\/strong>&#8216;nin bask\u0131s\u0131yla sava\u015f sona erdi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Eisenhower Doktrini<\/strong>: ABD, bu sava\u015ftan sonra SSCB&#8217;nin Orta Do\u011fu&#8217;daki etkisini k\u0131rmak i\u00e7in b\u00f6lge \u00fclkelerine askeri ve ekonomik yard\u0131m yapma politikas\u0131 ba\u015flatt\u0131.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Alt\u0131 G\u00fcn Sava\u015f\u0131 ve Yom Kippur Sava\u015f\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>1967 Arap-\u0130srail Sava\u015f\u0131 (Alt\u0131 G\u00fcn Sava\u015f\u0131)<\/strong>: \u0130srail, ani bir sald\u0131r\u0131yla M\u0131s\u0131r, Suriye ve \u00dcrd\u00fcn&#8217;\u00fc yenilgiye u\u011fratt\u0131. Topraklar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00f6rt kat geni\u015fleterek <strong>Gazze, Bat\u0131 \u015eeria, Do\u011fu Kud\u00fcs, Golan Tepeleri<\/strong> ve <strong>Sina Yar\u0131madas\u0131<\/strong>&#8216;n\u0131 i\u015fgal etti.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Filistin Kurtulu\u015f \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc (FK\u00d6)<\/strong>, bu sava\u015ftan sonra m\u00fccadelesini yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131. <strong>1969<\/strong>&#8216;da liderli\u011fine <strong>Yaser Arafat<\/strong> ge\u00e7ti.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>1973 Arap-\u0130srail Sava\u015f\u0131 (Yom Kippur\/Ramazan Sava\u015f\u0131)<\/strong>: M\u0131s\u0131r ve Suriye, kaybettikleri topraklar\u0131 geri almak i\u00e7in \u0130srail&#8217;e sald\u0131rd\u0131. Sava\u015f sonunda kesin bir \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck sa\u011flanamad\u0131.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>1973 Petrol Krizi ve Sonu\u00e7lar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>OAPEC<\/strong> \u00fcyesi Arap \u00fclkeleri, <strong>1973<\/strong> sava\u015f\u0131nda \u0130srail&#8217;i destekleyen Bat\u0131l\u0131 devletlere petrol ambargosu uygulad\u0131.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Petrol fiyatlar\u0131 bir y\u0131l i\u00e7inde d\u00f6rt kat artt\u0131.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bu durum, d\u00fcnya genelinde &#8220;<strong>stagflasyon<\/strong>&#8221; (ekonomik durgunluk ve enflasyonun bir arada ya\u015fanmas\u0131) ad\u0131 verilen bir krize yol a\u00e7t\u0131.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Kriz, sanayile\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclkeleri alternatif enerji kaynaklar\u0131 aramaya y\u00f6neltti.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>1974<\/strong>&#8216;te Ekonomik Kalk\u0131nma ve \u0130\u015fbirli\u011fi \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc (<strong>OECD<\/strong>) \u00fcyeleri taraf\u0131ndan <strong>Uluslararas\u0131 Enerji Ajans\u0131 (IEA)<\/strong> kuruldu.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Camp David Antla\u015fmalar\u0131 (1978)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>1973<\/strong> sava\u015f\u0131 sonras\u0131 <strong>ABD D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakan\u0131 Henry Kissinger<\/strong>&#8216;\u0131n &#8220;<strong>mekik diplomasisi<\/strong>&#8221; ile ABD&#8217;nin M\u0131s\u0131r ve Suriye ile ili\u015fkileri d\u00fczeldi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>M\u0131s\u0131r Devlet Ba\u015fkan\u0131 <strong>Enver Sedat<\/strong>, \u0130srail ile bar\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerine ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>ABD Ba\u015fkan\u0131 <strong>Jimmy Carter<\/strong>&#8216;\u0131n arabuluculu\u011fu ile <strong>17 Eyl\u00fcl 1978<\/strong>&#8216;de <strong>M\u0131s\u0131r<\/strong> ve <strong>\u0130srail<\/strong> aras\u0131nda <strong>Camp David Antla\u015fmalar\u0131<\/strong> imzaland\u0131.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Antla\u015fma ile <strong>Bat\u0131 \u015eeria<\/strong> ve <strong>Gazze<\/strong>&#8216;deki Filistinlilere \u00f6zerklik verilmesi kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>26 Mart 1979<\/strong>&#8216;da <strong>M\u0131s\u0131r-\u0130srail Bar\u0131\u015f Antla\u015fmas\u0131<\/strong> imzaland\u0131 ve M\u0131s\u0131r, \u0130srail&#8217;i tan\u0131yan ilk Arap \u00fclkesi oldu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0130slam \u0130\u015fbirli\u011fi Te\u015fkilat\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>21 A\u011fustos 1969<\/strong>&#8216;da \u0130srail i\u015fgali alt\u0131ndaki Kud\u00fcs&#8217;te bulunan <strong>Mescid-i Aksa<\/strong>&#8216;n\u0131n kundaklanmas\u0131 \u00fczerine \u0130slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131 harekete ge\u00e7ti.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>22-25 Eyl\u00fcl 1969<\/strong>&#8216;da Fas&#8217;\u0131n ba\u015fkenti <strong>Rabat<\/strong>&#8216;ta d\u00fczenlenen zirvede <strong>\u0130slam Konferans\u0131 \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc<\/strong> kuruldu.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fcn ad\u0131 <strong>2011<\/strong> y\u0131l\u0131nda <strong>\u0130slam \u0130\u015fbirli\u011fi Te\u015fkilat\u0131<\/strong> olarak de\u011fi\u015ftirildi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Amac\u0131, \u00fcye devletler aras\u0131nda dayan\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 geli\u015ftirmek, uluslararas\u0131 bar\u0131\u015fa yard\u0131m etmek ve Filistin halk\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fccadelesini desteklemektir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0130ran-Irak Sava\u015f\u0131 (1980-1988)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>S\u0131n\u0131r anla\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131, etnik ve mezhepsel nedenlerle iki \u00fclke aras\u0131nda gerginlik ya\u015fan\u0131yordu.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>1979 \u0130ran \u0130slam Devrimi<\/strong> sonras\u0131 <strong>Ayetullah Humeyni<\/strong> y\u00f6netiminin \u015eii propagandas\u0131 yapmas\u0131, Irak&#8217;\u0131 endi\u015felendirdi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Irak lideri <strong>Saddam H\u00fcseyin<\/strong>, <strong>22 Eyl\u00fcl 1980<\/strong>&#8216;de \u0130ran&#8217;a sald\u0131rarak sava\u015f\u0131 ba\u015flatt\u0131.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Sekiz y\u0131l s\u00fcren sava\u015fta taraflar birbirine \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck sa\u011flayamad\u0131.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>ABD<\/strong> ve <strong>SSCB<\/strong>, denge politikas\u0131 izleyerek iki tarafa da silah satt\u0131. &#8220;<strong>\u0130rangate Olay\u0131<\/strong>&#8221; bu d\u00f6nemde ya\u015fand\u0131.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Sava\u015f, <strong>20 A\u011fustos 1988<\/strong>&#8216;de sona erdi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Yumu\u015fama D\u00f6neminde D\u00fcnyadaki Geli\u015fmeler<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Ekonomi<\/strong>: D\u00fcnya ekonomisi ve ticaret hacmi <strong>1950-1975<\/strong> aras\u0131nda istikrarl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fc.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Toplumsal Ya\u015fam<\/strong>: T\u00fcketim toplumu ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Otomobil, televizyon, buzdolab\u0131 gibi \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin kullan\u0131m\u0131 yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131. Reklamc\u0131l\u0131k yeni bir sekt\u00f6r olarak do\u011fdu.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>ABD&#8217;de Irk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k Kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 Hareketler<\/strong>: <strong>Jim Crow Yasalar\u0131<\/strong>&#8216;na kar\u015f\u0131 sivil haklar m\u00fccadelesi ba\u015flad\u0131. <strong>Rosa Parks<\/strong>&#8216;\u0131n otob\u00fcs eylemi ve <strong>Martin Luther King Jr.<\/strong>&#8216;\u0131n liderli\u011findeki pasif direni\u015f hareketleri \u00f6nemli rol oynad\u0131.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Malcolm X<\/strong> de Afro-Amerikanlar\u0131n m\u00fccadelesinde \u00f6nemli bir liderdi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>68 Ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131 ve Toplumsal Hareketler<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>68 Ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131<\/strong>: Sava\u015flara, \u0131rk ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na, kapitalist sisteme ve geleneksel ya\u015fam tarz\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kan gen\u00e7ler, d\u00fcnya genelinde protesto hareketleri ba\u015flatt\u0131.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Fransa<\/strong>&#8216;da \u00f6\u011frenci ve i\u015f\u00e7i eylemleri, <strong>ABD<\/strong>&#8216;de <strong>Vietnam Sava\u015f\u0131<\/strong> kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 g\u00f6steriler, <strong>\u00c7ekoslovakya<\/strong>&#8216;da <strong>Prag Bahar\u0131<\/strong> bu d\u00f6nemin \u00f6nemli olaylar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Kad\u0131n Haklar\u0131<\/strong>: Kad\u0131nlar; e\u015fit \u00fccret, istihdam e\u015fitli\u011fi ve do\u011fum izni gibi taleplerle harekete ge\u00e7ti.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>M\u00fczik<\/strong>: M\u00fczik, toplumsal de\u011fi\u015fim taleplerini dile getiren bir ifade bi\u00e7imine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. <strong>Bob Dylan<\/strong>, <strong>Joan Baez<\/strong> ve <strong>John Lennon<\/strong> gibi sanat\u00e7\u0131lar protest m\u00fczi\u011fin \u00f6nc\u00fcleri oldu.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Spor<\/strong>: <strong>Muhammed Ali<\/strong>, hem ringdeki ba\u015far\u0131lar\u0131 hem de sava\u015f kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 ve \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 duru\u015fuyla bir ikon haline geldi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Teknolojinin Geli\u015fimi ve Uzay \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Jet motorlu u\u00e7aklar, k\u0131talar aras\u0131 balistik f\u00fczeler ve n\u00fckleer teknoloji bu d\u00f6nemde geli\u015ftirildi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>ABD ve SSCB aras\u0131nda bir &#8220;<strong>uzay yar\u0131\u015f\u0131<\/strong>&#8221; ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Uydu teknolojisindeki geli\u015fmeler; televizyon yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, meteoroloji ve ileti\u015fimde devrim yaratt\u0131.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>1969<\/strong>&#8216;da ilk insan Ay&#8217;a ayak bast\u0131.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczdeki internetin temeli olan <strong>ARPANET<\/strong>, ABD Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in geli\u015ftirildi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Transist\u00f6r\u00fcn icad\u0131, bilgisayarlar\u0131n k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fclmesini ve robot teknolojisinin geli\u015fmesini sa\u011flad\u0131.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Yumu\u015fama D\u00f6nemi T\u00fcrk D\u0131\u015f Politikas\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>1962 K\u00fcba Buhran\u0131<\/strong>, T\u00fcrkiye&#8217;nin ABD&#8217;ye olan g\u00fcvenini sarst\u0131.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>1964<\/strong>&#8216;te ABD Ba\u015fkan\u0131 <strong>Johnson<\/strong>&#8216;\u0131n, T\u00fcrkiye&#8217;nin K\u0131br\u0131s&#8217;a m\u00fcdahalesini engellemek i\u00e7in g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi &#8220;<strong>Johnson Mektubu<\/strong>&#8220;, T\u00fcrk-Amerikan ili\u015fkilerinde bir k\u0131r\u0131lma noktas\u0131 oldu.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>ABD&#8217;nin T\u00fcrkiye&#8217;deki ha\u015fha\u015f \u00fcretimini yasaklatma \u00e7abas\u0131 da bir ba\u015fka gerginlik konusuydu.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bu d\u00f6nemde T\u00fcrkiye, <strong>SSCB<\/strong> ve di\u011fer Do\u011fu Bloku \u00fclkeleriyle ekonomik ili\u015fkilerini geli\u015ftirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>T\u00fcrkiye-Yunanistan \u0130li\u015fkileri<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0130ki \u00fclke aras\u0131nda <strong>Ege adalar\u0131n\u0131n silahland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, FIR hatt\u0131, k\u0131ta sahanl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/strong> ve <strong>Bat\u0131 Trakya T\u00fcrkleri<\/strong> gibi sorunlar ya\u015fand\u0131.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Yunanistan<\/strong>, uluslararas\u0131 antla\u015fmalara ayk\u0131r\u0131 olarak Ege adalar\u0131n\u0131 silahland\u0131rd\u0131.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>K\u0131ta Sahanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Sorunu<\/strong>: \u0130ki \u00fclke aras\u0131nda Ege Denizi&#8217;ndeki petrol arama faaliyetleri nedeniyle gerginlik \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Yunanistan&#8217;\u0131n karasular\u0131n\u0131 <strong>12 mile<\/strong> \u00e7\u0131karma iste\u011fi, T\u00fcrkiye taraf\u0131ndan sava\u015f sebebi (<strong>casus belli<\/strong>) say\u0131ld\u0131.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>FIR Hatt\u0131 Sorunu<\/strong>: Yunanistan&#8217;\u0131n u\u00e7u\u015f bilgi b\u00f6lgesini kendi egemenlik alan\u0131 gibi kullanmak istemesi gerginli\u011fe yol a\u00e7t\u0131.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Bat\u0131 Trakya T\u00fcrkleri<\/strong>: Yunanistan&#8217;\u0131n <strong>Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131<\/strong>&#8216;na ayk\u0131r\u0131 olarak b\u00f6lgedeki T\u00fcrklere bask\u0131 ve asimilasyon politikalar\u0131 uygulamas\u0131, \u00f6nemli bir sorun olmaya devam etti.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>K\u0131br\u0131s Sorunu ve Bar\u0131\u015f Harekat\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>K\u0131br\u0131sl\u0131 Rumlar\u0131n aday\u0131 Yunanistan&#8217;a ba\u011flama hedefi (<strong>Enosis<\/strong>), adadaki gerilimi t\u0131rmand\u0131rd\u0131.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>EOKA<\/strong> ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc, T\u00fcrklere y\u00f6nelik sald\u0131r\u0131lar ba\u015flatt\u0131. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k T\u00fcrkler de <strong>T\u00fcrk Mukavemet Te\u015fkilat\u0131 (TMT)<\/strong>&#8216;n\u0131 kurdu.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>1960<\/strong>&#8216;ta <strong>Z\u00fcrih<\/strong> ve <strong>Londra Antla\u015fmalar\u0131<\/strong> ile iki toplumlu <strong>K\u0131br\u0131s Cumhuriyeti<\/strong> kuruldu. T\u00fcrkiye, Yunanistan ve \u0130ngiltere garant\u00f6r devletler oldu.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Rumlar\u0131n anayasal haklar\u0131 k\u0131s\u0131tlama ve <strong>Enosis<\/strong>&#8216;i ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirme planlar\u0131 (<strong>Akritas Plan\u0131<\/strong>) ve <strong>Kanl\u0131 Noel<\/strong> (Aral\u0131k 1963) sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 durumu k\u00f6t\u00fcle\u015ftirdi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>15 Temmuz 1974<\/strong>&#8216;te <strong>EOKA<\/strong>&#8216;c\u0131 <strong>Nikos Sampson<\/strong>&#8216;un darbe yaparak <strong>Enosis<\/strong>&#8216;i ilan etmesi \u00fczerine T\u00fcrkiye, garant\u00f6rl\u00fck hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanarak <strong>20 Temmuz 1974<\/strong>&#8216;te <strong>K\u0131br\u0131s Bar\u0131\u015f Harekat\u0131<\/strong>&#8216;n\u0131 ba\u015flatt\u0131.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Harekat sonucunda adan\u0131n kuzeyinde T\u00fcrklerin g\u00fcvenli\u011fi sa\u011fland\u0131.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>13 \u015eubat 1975<\/strong>&#8216;te <strong>K\u0131br\u0131s T\u00fcrk Federe Devleti (KTFD)<\/strong>, <strong>15 Kas\u0131m 1983<\/strong>&#8216;te ise <strong>Kuzey K\u0131br\u0131s T\u00fcrk Cumhuriyeti (KKTC)<\/strong> kuruldu.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bar\u0131\u015f Harekat\u0131 sonras\u0131 <strong>ABD<\/strong>, T\u00fcrkiye&#8217;ye silah ve ticaret ambargosu uygulad\u0131. Bu durum, T\u00fcrkiye&#8217;de yerli savunma sanayisinin geli\u015fimini h\u0131zland\u0131rd\u0131.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Ermeni Diasporas\u0131n\u0131n Faaliyetleri ve Asala Ter\u00f6r\u00fc<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Ermeni diasporas\u0131, <strong>1915 Olaylar\u0131<\/strong>&#8216;n\u0131 &#8220;soyk\u0131r\u0131m&#8221; olarak tan\u0131tmak i\u00e7in uluslararas\u0131 alanda T\u00fcrkiye kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 faaliyetler y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>1970<\/strong>&#8216;lerin ortalar\u0131ndan itibaren <strong>ASALA<\/strong> ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc, T\u00fcrk diplomatlar\u0131na ve d\u0131\u015f temsilciliklerine y\u00f6nelik suikastlar ve sald\u0131r\u0131lar d\u00fczenledi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>7 A\u011fustos 1982<\/strong>&#8216;de <strong>Ankara Esenbo\u011fa Havaliman\u0131<\/strong>&#8216;na, <strong>15 Temmuz 1983<\/strong>&#8216;te Paris <strong>Orly Havaliman\u0131<\/strong>&#8216;na sald\u0131r\u0131lar d\u00fczenlendi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>T\u00fcrkiye, bu as\u0131ls\u0131z iddialara kar\u015f\u0131 ar\u015fivlerini a\u00e7arak konunun tarih\u00e7iler taraf\u0131ndan incelenmesi gerekti\u011fini savundu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>T\u00fcrkiye&#8217;de Ekonomik Sorunlar ve Gurbet\u00e7iler<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>27 May\u0131s Darbesi<\/strong> sonras\u0131 planl\u0131 kalk\u0131nma d\u00f6nemi ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ancak <strong>1973 Petrol Krizi<\/strong>, <strong>K\u0131br\u0131s Bar\u0131\u015f Harekat\u0131<\/strong> harcamalar\u0131 ve siyasi istikrars\u0131zl\u0131klar nedeniyle ekonomi bozuldu, enflasyon artt\u0131.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>1960-1980<\/strong> y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda ba\u015fta Almanya olmak \u00fczere bir\u00e7ok \u00fclkeye i\u015f\u00e7i g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fc ya\u015fand\u0131.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&#8220;<strong>Gurbet\u00e7iler<\/strong>&#8220;, g\u00f6nderdikleri d\u00f6vizlerle T\u00fcrkiye ekonomisine \u00f6nemli katk\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>12 Mart Muht\u0131ras\u0131 ve 12 Eyl\u00fcl Darbesi<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>12 Mart 1971 Muht\u0131ras\u0131<\/strong>: Artan \u00f6\u011frenci eylemleri, siyasi gerginlikler ve anar\u015fi ortam\u0131 gerek\u00e7e g\u00f6sterilerek ordu, h\u00fck\u00fcmete muht\u0131ra verdi. <strong>S\u00fcleyman Demirel<\/strong> h\u00fck\u00fcmeti istifa etti. Partiler \u00fcst\u00fc h\u00fck\u00fcmetler kuruldu ve s\u0131k\u0131y\u00f6netim ilan edildi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>12 Eyl\u00fcl 1980 Darbesi<\/strong>: <strong>1970<\/strong>&#8216;li y\u0131llarda devam eden siyasi istikrars\u0131zl\u0131k, sa\u011f-sol \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131, siyasi suikastlar ve ekonomik kriz ortam\u0131nda T\u00fcrk Silahl\u0131 Kuvvetleri y\u00f6netime el koydu.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>TBMM feshedildi, siyasi partiler kapat\u0131ld\u0131, liderler g\u00f6zetim alt\u0131na al\u0131nd\u0131 ve temel hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckler k\u0131s\u0131tland\u0131.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>1980 Sonras\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Ekonomi<\/strong>: <strong>24 Ocak Kararlar\u0131<\/strong> ile ithal ikameci politikadan ihracata dayal\u0131 serbest piyasa ekonomisine ge\u00e7ildi. <strong>Turgut \u00d6zal<\/strong>&#8216;\u0131n ba\u015fbakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6neminde bu politikalar uyguland\u0131.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Siyaset<\/strong>: <strong>1982 Anayasas\u0131<\/strong> halk oylamas\u0131yla kabul edildi ve <strong>Kenan Evren<\/strong> cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 oldu. <strong>6 Kas\u0131m 1983<\/strong> se\u00e7imlerini <strong>Turgut \u00d6zal<\/strong> liderli\u011findeki <strong>Anavatan Partisi (ANAP)<\/strong> kazand\u0131.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>1987<\/strong>&#8216;de yap\u0131lan halk oylamas\u0131yla eski siyaset\u00e7ilerin yasaklar\u0131 kald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>1989<\/strong>&#8216;da <strong>Turgut \u00d6zal<\/strong>, Kenan Evren&#8217;den sonra cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 se\u00e7ilerek <strong>1960<\/strong>&#8216;tan sonraki ilk sivil cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 oldu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<div class=\"mh-excerpt\"><p>\u00c7a\u011fda\u015f T\u00fcrk ve D\u00fcnya Tarihi Dersi&nbsp;liselerde se\u00e7meli olarak okutulan bir derstir. Bu sayfada payla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z&nbsp;\u00c7a\u011fda\u015f T\u00fcrk ve D\u00fcnya Tarihi \u00f6zet ders notlar\u0131 sayesinde&nbsp;s\u0131navda kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fabilece\u011finiz t\u00fcm konulara <a class=\"mh-excerpt-more\" href=\"https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/index.php\/2026\/02\/09\/cagdas-turk-ve-dunya-tarihi-4-unite-yumusama-donemi-ve-sonrasi\/\" title=\"\u00c7a\u011fda\u015f T\u00fcrk ve D\u00fcnya Tarihi 4. \u00dcnite: Yumu\u015fama D\u00f6nemi ve Sonras\u0131\">[&#8230;]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":2875,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_regular_price":[],"currency_symbol":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[179],"tags":[185,296,99],"class_list":["post-2914","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cagdas-turk-ve-dunya-tarihi-ders-notlari","tag-cagdas-turk-ve-dunya-tarihi","tag-cagdas-turk-ve-dunya-tarihi-ders-notlari","tag-ders-notlari"],"post_slider_layout_featured_media_urls":{"thumbnail":["https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Pink-Gradient-Concept-Map-Chart-150x150.png",150,150,true],"post_slider_layout_landscape_large":["https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Pink-Gradient-Concept-Map-Chart-1200x800.png",1200,800,true],"post_slider_layout_portrait_large":["https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Pink-Gradient-Concept-Map-Chart-1200x1080.png",1200,1080,true],"post_slider_layout_square_large":["https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Pink-Gradient-Concept-Map-Chart-1200x1080.png",1200,1080,true],"post_slider_layout_landscape":["https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Pink-Gradient-Concept-Map-Chart-600x400.png",600,400,true],"post_slider_layout_portrait":["https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Pink-Gradient-Concept-Map-Chart-600x900.png",600,900,true],"post_slider_layout_square":["https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Pink-Gradient-Concept-Map-Chart-600x600.png",600,600,true],"full":["https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Pink-Gradient-Concept-Map-Chart.png",1920,1080,false]},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>\u00c7a\u011fda\u015f T\u00fcrk ve D\u00fcnya Tarihi 4. \u00dcnite: Yumu\u015fama D\u00f6nemi ve Sonras\u0131 - tarihkursu.com<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u00c7a\u011fda\u015f T\u00fcrk ve D\u00fcnya Tarihi\u00a04. \u00dcnite: So\u011fuk Sava\u015f Ders Notu\u00a0MEB ders kitaplar\u0131\u00a0ile uyumludur. 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