{"id":295,"date":"2023-10-21T16:22:00","date_gmt":"2023-10-21T13:22:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/index.php\/2023\/10\/21\/10-sinif-tarih-dersi-yaziliya-hazirlik-sorulari-acik-uclu-kisa-cevapli\/"},"modified":"2023-10-21T16:22:00","modified_gmt":"2023-10-21T13:22:00","slug":"10-sinif-tarih-dersi-yaziliya-hazirlik-sorulari-acik-uclu-kisa-cevapli","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/index.php\/2023\/10\/21\/10-sinif-tarih-dersi-yaziliya-hazirlik-sorulari-acik-uclu-kisa-cevapli\/","title":{"rendered":"10. SINIF TAR\u0130H DERS\u0130 YAZILIYA HAZIRLIK SORULARI (A\u00c7IK U\u00c7LU- KISA CEVAPLI)"},"content":{"rendered":"

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10. SINIF TAR\u0130H DERS\u0130<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

I. \u00dcN\u0130TE YERLE\u015eME VE DEVLETLE\u015eME S\u00dcREC\u0130NDE SEL\u00c7UKLU T\u00dcRK\u0130YES\u0130<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

10.1.1. T\u00fcrklerin Anadolu\u2019ya yerle\u015fmeye ba\u015flamas\u0131 ile T\u00fcrkiye
\nSel\u00e7uklu Devleti\u2019nin y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki s\u00fcre\u00e7te meydana gelen ba\u015fl\u0131ca siyasi
\ngeli\u015fmeleri tarih \u015feridi ve haritalar u\u0308zerinde g\u00f6sterir.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

Miryokefalon Muharebesi, T\u00fcrkiye
\nSel\u00e7uklu Devleti\u2019nin kurulmas\u0131, K\u00f6seda\u011f Muharebesi, I. Ha\u00e7l\u0131 Seferi,<\/span><\/b> <\/span><\/b>Yass\u0131\u00e7emen Muharebesi<\/span><\/b><\/o:p><\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Yukar\u0131da meydana gelen olaylar\u0131 kronojik olarak
\ns\u0131ralay\u0131n.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

1077 T\u00fcrkiye Sel\u00e7uklu Devleti\u2019nin kurulmas\u0131, <\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

1096-1099 I. Ha\u00e7l\u0131 Seferi, <\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

1176 Miryokefalon
\nMuharebesi, <\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

1230 Yass\u0131\u00e7emen Muharebesi, <\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

1243 K\u00f6seda\u011f
\nMuharebesi<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

10.1.2.
\nAnadolu\u2019ya yap\u0131lan T\u00fcrk g\u00f6\u00e7lerinin sosyok\u00fclt\u00fcrel etkilerini analiz eder.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

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XI. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Anadolu\u2019ya yap\u0131lan ilk T\u00fcrk ak\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n
\ntemel amac\u0131 neydi?<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

\u0130lk T\u00fcrk ak\u0131nlar\u0131 yerle\u015fmeden ziyade daha \u00e7ok ke\u015fif ve ganimet elde etme
\namac\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yordu.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

O\u011fuzlar\u0131n Anadolu\u2019ya ak\u0131nlar d\u00fczenlemelerinin
\nnedenleri nelerdir?<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

Anadolu\u2019nun \u0130pek Yolu \u00fczerinde yer almas\u0131, <\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Asya ile Avrupa\u2019y\u0131 birbirine ba\u011flayan bir konumda olmas\u0131, <\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00dc\u00e7 taraf\u0131n\u0131n denizlerle \u00e7evrili olmas\u0131, <\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Verimli topraklara sahip olmas\u0131,<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0130klim ve bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn T\u00fcrklerin ya\u015famas\u0131na uygun olmas\u0131,<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0130slamiyet\u2019in etkisiyle cihat ve gaza gelene\u011finin benimsenmesi<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Bizans \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nu siyasi y\u00f6nden zay\u0131f durumda olmas\u0131<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00fcrklerle Bizans \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu aras\u0131nda yap\u0131lan ilk
\nsava\u015f hangisidir?<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

1048 Pasinler Sava\u015f\u0131<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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T\u00fcrklerin Anadolu\u2019yu yurt edinmelerini kolayla\u015ft\u0131ran
\netmenler nelerdir?<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

Bizans \u0130mparatorlu\u011fumda s\u0131k s\u0131k taht kavgalar\u0131 ya\u015fan\u0131yordu.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Ermeni ve G\u00fcrc\u00fclerle s\u0131k s\u0131k ya\u015fanan siyasi sorunlar Bizans \u0130mparatorlu\u011funu
\ny\u0131pratm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Bizans-Sasani sava\u015flar\u0131 y\u00fcz\u00fcnden Anadolu tahribata u\u011fram\u0131\u015f, halk\u0131n can ve
\nmal g\u00fcvenli\u011fi kalmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Ticaret yollar\u0131 g\u00fcvenli\u011fini kaybetmi\u015f, tar\u0131msal \u00fcretim iyice azalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Anadolu\u2019da ya\u015fayan Ermeniler, S\u00fcryaniler ve Rumlar ise Bizans\u2019\u0131n a\u011f\u0131r
\nvergilerinden ve bask\u0131lar\u0131ndan bunalm\u0131\u015flard\u0131.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Anadolu\u2019da tam bir otorite bo\u015flu\u011fu vard\u0131.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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Hangi sava\u015f sonras\u0131 Anadolu\u2019ya \u2018\u2019Turchia veya Turkiya
\ndendi?<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

1176 Miryokefalon Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n kazan\u0131lmas\u0131yla Anadolu\u2019ya \u2018\u2019Turchia veya
\nTurkiya dendi.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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1260 Ayn-\u0131 Calut sava\u015f\u0131nda Mo\u011follar\u0131 yenen T\u00fcrk devleti
\nhangisidir?<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

Memluklar<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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10.1.3. Anadolu\u2019daki ilk T\u00fcrk siyasi te\u015fekk\u00fcllerinin
\nbirbirleriyle ve \u00e7evre devletlerle olan ili\u015fkilerini uzla\u015fma ve \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma
\nba\u011flam\u0131nda de\u011ferlendirir.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

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1071 Malazgirt Sava\u015f\u0131 sonras\u0131 Anadolu\u2019da kurulan ilk
\nT\u00fcrk beylikleri hangileridir?<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

Saltuklular (1072-1202), Dani\u015fmentliler (1080-1178), Meng\u00fccekliler
\n(1080-1228), Artuklular (1102-1231), \u00c7aka Beyli\u011fi (1081-1093)<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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1071 Malazgirt Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019ndan sonra Alparslan\u2019\u0131n
\nfethettikleri topraklar\u0131 \u201cK\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 Hakk\u0131\u201d olarak komutanlar\u0131na vermesindeki ama\u00e7
\nnedir?<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

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Alparslan Anadolu\u2019nun h\u0131zl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde fethedilip T\u00fcrkle\u015ftirilmesi ve
\n\u0130slamla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in komutanlar\u0131na fethettikleri topraklar\u0131 \u201cK\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 Hakk\u0131\u201d
\nolarak vermi\u015ftir.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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Beyli\u011fin merkezi Erzurum\u2019dur. <\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

G\u00fcrc\u00fclerle m\u00fccadele etmi\u015flerdir. <\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

Ha\u00e7l\u0131 Seferleri esnas\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye
\nSel\u00e7uklu Devleti\u2019ne destek vermi\u015flerdir.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

Erzurum\u2019daki Kale Camisi, Tepsi Minare,
\nUlu Cami, \u00dc\u00e7 K\u00fcmbetler ve Tercan\u2019daki Mama Hatun K\u00fcmbeti bu beylik zaman\u0131nda
\nyap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

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Yukar\u0131da \u00f6zellikleri verilen birinci
\nd\u00f6nem Anadolu T\u00fcrk beyli\u011fi kimlerdir?<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

Saltuklular (1072-1202)<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015ftekin Ahmet taraf\u0131ndan Sivas merkez
\nolmak \u00fczere Orta Anadolu\u2019da kuruldu (1080).<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

Beyli\u011fin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 zamanla Tokat,
\nNiksar, Amasya, \u00c7ank\u0131r\u0131, \u00c7orum, Kastamonu, Kayseri, Elbistan ve Malatya
\nillerini i\u00e7ine alacak \u015fekilde geni\u015fledi.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye Sel\u00e7uklu H\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 I. K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7
\nArslan ile birlikte Ha\u00e7l\u0131 ordular\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 sava\u015ft\u0131lar.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

Tokat\u2019ta Ya\u011f\u0131basan Medresesi
\n(Anadolu\u2019nun ilk medresesi), Kayseri\u2019de Ulu Cami , Amasya\u2019da Hilafet Gazi K\u00fcmbeti
\nbu beylik d\u00f6neminde yap\u0131ld\u0131.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

Yukar\u0131da \u00f6zellikleri verilen birinci d\u00f6nem Anadolu
\nT\u00fcrk beyli\u011fi kimlerdir?<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

Dani\u015fmentliler (1080-1178)<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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Yukar\u0131daki haritada I. D\u00f6nem Anadolu T\u00fcrk
\nbeyliklerinin kurulu\u015f yerleri numaraland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Numaralar\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131na hangi
\nbeyli\u011fin o b\u00f6lgede kuruldu\u011funu yaz\u0131n\u0131z.<\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

1-    <\/span><\/span>\u00c7aka Beyli\u011fi, 2-
\nDani\u015fmentliler, 3- Meng\u00fccekliler, 4- Saltuklular, 5- Artuklular<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Erzincan, Kemah, Divri\u011fi ve \u015eebinkarahisar
\ndolaylar\u0131nda kuruldu.<\/span> <\/span><\/b><\/o:p><\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Divri\u011fi Ulu Cami (UNESCO D\u00fcnya miras listesinde) ve Sitte
\nMelik K\u00fcmbeti bu d\u00f6nemde yap\u0131ld\u0131.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

Yukar\u0131da \u00f6zellikleri verilen birinci d\u00f6nem Anadolu
\nT\u00fcrk beyli\u011fi kimlerdir?<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Meng\u00fccekliler (1080-1228)<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Diyarbak\u0131r ve Mardin civar\u0131nda kuruldular.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

H\u0131sn\u0131keyfa (Hasankeyf), Mardin ve Harput olmak \u00fczere 3
\nkola ayr\u0131ld\u0131lar.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

D\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u00fcnl\u00fc fizik\u00e7ileri aras\u0131nda g\u00f6sterilen
\nEl-Cezeri bu d\u00f6nemde ya\u015fad\u0131.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

Diyarbak\u0131r\u2019daki Ulu Cami, Mardin\u2019de Zinciriye ve
\nMesudiye medreseleri, Ulu Cami, Bab\u00fcsur Camisi ve Batman \u00c7ay\u0131 \u00fczerindeki
\nMalabadi K\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fc \u00f6nemli eserleridir.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

Yukar\u0131da \u00f6zellikleri verilen birinci d\u00f6nem Anadolu
\nT\u00fcrk beyli\u011fi kimlerdir?<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

Artuklular (1102-1231)<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0130lk T\u00fcrk denizci beyli\u011fidir.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

\u0130zmir civar\u0131nda kuruldu.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

Yukar\u0131da \u00f6zellikleri verilen birinci d\u00f6nem Anadolu
\nT\u00fcrk beyli\u011fi kimlerdir?<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

\u00c7aka Beyli\u011fi (1081-1093)<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da verilen 1. D\u00f6nem Anadolu
\nbeyliklerinin kuruldu\u011fu yerleri kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131na yaz\u0131n\u0131z.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

S\u00f6kmenliler (Ahlat\u015fahl\u0131lar) (1100-1208): Van, Er\u00e7i\u015f, Tatvan, Mu\u015f<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0130nan\u00e7o\u011fullar\u0131 (Ladik Beyli\u011fi) (1261-1368): Denizli, Ladik<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Dilma\u00e7o\u011fullar\u0131 (Togan Arslano\u011fullar\u0131) (1085-1394): Bitlis, Erzen<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0130nalo\u011fullar\u0131 (1098-1183): Diyarbak\u0131r, Ergani<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Tanr\u0131vermi\u015fo\u011fullar\u0131 (1081 – 1093): Efes<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00c7ubuko\u011fullar\u0131 (1085-1213): Harput<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye Sel\u00e7uklu Devleti nerede, ne zaman ve kim
\ntaraf\u0131ndan kurulmu\u015ftur.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

Kurucusu, Sel\u00e7uklu
\nsoyundan (O\u011fuzlar\u0131n K\u0131n\u0131k Boyu) S\u00fcleyman \u015eah\u2019t\u0131r. 1077 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130znik merkez
\nolmak \u00fczere T\u00fcrkiye Sel\u00e7uklu Devleti kuruldu.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Anadolu Sel\u00e7uklu Devleti I. K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 Arslan zaman\u0131nda
\nneden \u0130znik\u2019i terk ederek devletin merkezini Konya\u2019ya ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

Ha\u00e7l\u0131 ordular\u0131n\u0131n Anadolu\u2019ya gelmesi \u00fczerine \u0130znik \u015fehri savunuldu. Ancak I.
\nK\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 Arslan kalabal\u0131k Ha\u00e7l\u0131 kuvvetleri kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda \u0130znik\u2019i terk ederek devletin
\nmerkezini Konya\u2019ya ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

II. Ha\u00e7l\u0131 ordusu ile m\u00fccadele eden Anadolu Sel\u00e7uklu
\nsultan\u0131n kimdir?<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

I. Mesut<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

II. K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 Arslan zaman\u0131nda Bizans\u2019a kar\u015f\u0131 kazan\u0131lan
\n1176 Miryokefalon Zaferi sonras\u0131 kazan\u0131mlar\u0131m\u0131z nelerdir?<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

Bizans\u2019\u0131n Anadolu\u2019yu T\u00fcrklerden geri alabilme umutlar\u0131 sona erdi.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Anadolu kesin olarak T\u00fcrk yurdu oldu. Bu tarihten sonra Anadolu\u2019ya T\u00fcrkiye
\ndenmeye ba\u015fland\u0131.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00fcrklerin bat\u0131ya ilerleyi\u015fi h\u0131zland\u0131. Bat\u0131 Anadolu\u2019da T\u00fcrk n\u00fcfusu artt\u0131.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Anadolu\u2019daki ticaret yollar\u0131n\u0131n denetimi b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde T\u00fcrkiye Sel\u00e7uklu
\nDevleti\u2019ne ge\u00e7ti.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye Sel\u00e7uklu Devletinde h\u00fck\u00fcmdarlar\u0131n sultan
\nunvan\u0131 yan\u0131nda h\u00fck\u00fcmdarlar \u201ckeyh\u00fcsrev, keykavus, keykubat\u201d gibi unvanlar da
\nkullanmalar\u0131 hangi uygarl\u0131ktan etkilendiklerinin kan\u0131t\u0131d\u0131r?<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

H\u00fck\u00fcmdarlar\u0131n \u201ckeyh\u00fcsrev, keykavus, keykubat\u201d gibi Fars\u00e7a unvanlar da
\nkullanmalar\u0131 \u0130ran medeniyetinden etkilendiklerinin kan\u0131t\u0131d\u0131r.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye Sel\u00e7uklu Devletinde ve di\u011fer ilk T\u00fcrk \u0130slam
\ndevletlerinde taht kavgalar\u0131n\u0131n ya\u015fanmas\u0131n\u0131n temel nedeni nedir?<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

Devlet h\u00fck\u00fcmdar
\nailesinin ortak mal\u0131 olarak kabul edilirdi ve her \u015fehzadenin sultan olma hakk\u0131
\nvard\u0131.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki kelimelerin T\u00fcrkiye Sel\u00e7uklu Devletinde
\nhangi anlamda kullan\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lar\u0131na yaz\u0131n\u0131z.?<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

\u015eehzade:<\/span><\/b> H\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131n erkek \u00e7ocuklar\u0131na
\n\u201c\u015fehzade\u201d denirdi.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Atabey:<\/span><\/b> \u015eehzadeler, devlet
\ntecr\u00fcbesi kazanmalar\u0131 amac\u0131yla k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ya\u015flarda vilayetlere g\u00f6nderilirdi.<\/span> \u015eehzadelerin yan\u0131na \u201catabey\u201d denilen tecr\u00fcbeli devlet adamlar\u0131 verilirdi.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Emir:<\/span><\/b> \u00dclke idari y\u00f6nden eyaletlere ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Eyaletlerin
\nba\u015f\u0131nda \u201cemir\u201d denilen asker\u00ee vali bulunurdu.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Melik:<\/span><\/b> \u00d6nemli eyaletlere \u015fehzadeler \u201cmelik\u201d unvan\u0131yla
\natan\u0131rlard\u0131. <\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Suba\u015f\u0131:<\/span><\/b> \u015eehirlerin
\ng\u00fcvenli\u011finden \u201csuba\u015f\u0131lar\u201d sorumluydu.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye Sel\u00e7uklu Devleti ordu sistemi hakk\u0131nda bilgi
\nveriniz.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

Hassa askerleri: H\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131n s\u00fcrekli yan\u0131nda bulunan atl\u0131 ve yaya
\naskerlerdi. \u00dc\u00e7 ayda bir devletten maa\u015f al\u0131rlard\u0131.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Sipahiler (\u0130kta askerleri): Tamamen T\u00fcrklerden olu\u015fan askerlerdi. Maa\u015f
\nyerine ikta (dirlik) denilen t\u0131marlar\u0131 alan sipahiler genelde atl\u0131 birliklerdi.
\nSava\u015f zaman\u0131 ikta sahibi ile birlikte orduya kat\u0131l\u0131rlard\u0131.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkmenler: U\u00e7 b\u00f6lgelerinde her an sava\u015fa haz\u0131r durumda bulunan
\nbirliklerdi.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Devlete ba\u011fl\u0131 beylik askerleri: \u0130htiya\u00e7 duyuldu\u011fu zaman sava\u015fa davet
\nedilirlerdi.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Donanma: Donanma komutanlar\u0131na \u201creis\u00fc\u2019l-bahr\u201d denirdi.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Ahilik te\u015fkilat\u0131 hakk\u0131nda bilgi veriniz.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

Esnaflar Ahilik te\u015fkilat\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131yd\u0131.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Ahilik, \u015fehirlerdeki esnaf ve zanaatk\u00e2rlar\u0131n sosyal ve ekonomik y\u00f6nden
\nte\u015fkilatlanmalar\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Ahi te\u015fkilat\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda \u201cAhi Baba\u201d ad\u0131 verilen bir y\u00f6netici bulunurdu. <\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Ahilik meslek kurulu\u015fu oldu\u011fu kadar ayn\u0131 zamanda k\u00fclt\u00fcr, inan\u00e7, yi\u011fitlik ve
\nahlaki de\u011ferler ta\u015f\u0131rd\u0131.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0130kta sistemi nedir?<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

M\u00fclkiyeti devlete ait olan mir\u00ee araziler meliklere, emirlere ve valilere
\nhizmet kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 verilirdi. <\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Arazi iyi i\u015fletildi\u011fi s\u00fcrece verilen ki\u015fide kal\u0131r ve miras olarak
\nb\u0131rakabilirdi. Araziyi \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131l boyunca i\u015fletemeyen ki\u015filerden tarlan\u0131n i\u015fletme
\nhakk\u0131 geri al\u0131n\u0131rd\u0131. \u0130kta sahipleri kendilerine verilen araziler \u00fczerinde asker
\nbeslemekten ve bu askerlerin e\u011fitimini sa\u011flamaktan sorumluydu.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0130kta sisteminin yararlar\u0131 nelerdir?<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

\u0130kta sistemi sayesinde devlet, b\u00fct\u00e7eden para ay\u0131rmadan asker yeti\u015ftirmi\u015f, <\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

tar\u0131m arazilerinin s\u00fcrekli i\u015flenmesini sa\u011flam\u0131\u015f, <\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

ta\u015frada devlet otoritesi sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015f, <\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

toprak gelirleriyle memur
\nmaa\u015flar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lanm\u0131\u015f ve iktalarda sava\u015fa haz\u0131r askerler yeti\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye Sel\u00e7uklu Devleti ticareti geli\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in
\nneler yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r?<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131 Sinop, Samsun, Alanya, Antalya gibi \u00f6nemli liman
\n\u015fehirlerine sahip olunca deniz ticaretine b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem verdiler.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Ticaret yollar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fczerg\u00e2hlar\u0131 \u00fczerine kervansaraylar in\u015fa ettiler.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Kervansaraylara gelen misafirlerin ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 \u00fccretsiz kar\u015f\u0131lad\u0131lar.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Kervanlar\u0131 zarar g\u00f6ren t\u00fcccarlar\u0131n zararlar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamaya y\u00f6nelik bir
\n\u00e7e\u015fit sigortac\u0131l\u0131k sistemi geli\u015ftirdiler. 
\n<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u015eehir merkezlerinde \u00e7ar\u015f\u0131 ve pazarlara yak\u0131n yerlere han veya kapal\u0131
\n\u00e7ar\u015f\u0131lar kurarak esnaf ve t\u00fcccarlara kolayl\u0131k sa\u011flad\u0131lar.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131n\u0131n ilk t\u0131p okulu neresidir?<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

1205\u2019te Kayseri\u2019de yapt\u0131r\u0131lan \u201cGevher Nesibe Dar\u00fc\u015f\u015fifas\u0131\u201dd\u0131r.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131 d\u00f6neminde ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f \u00f6nemli alimler kimlerdir?<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

Mevlana Mevlana Celaleddin-i Rumi, Muhyiddin Arabi, Sadrettin Konevi, Necmeddin
\nRazi, Yunu\u015f Emre ve tarih\u00e7ilerinden \u0130bn-i Bibi.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye Sel\u00e7uklu Devleti\u2019nin simgesi nedir?<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

\u00c7ift ba\u015fl\u0131 kartal<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

10.1.4. \u0130slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131 ba\u011flam\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye
\nSel\u00e7uklu Devleti ve Eyyubi Devleti\u2019nin Ha\u00e7l\u0131larla<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

yapt\u0131klar\u0131 m\u00fccadelelerin sosyok\u00fclt\u00fcrel etkilerini
\nanaliz eder.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Hristiyan d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n birle\u015ferek Orta \u00c7a\u011f\u2019da Kud\u00fcs ve
\n\u00e7evresini alma bahanesiyle T\u00fcrk \u0130slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131 \u00fczerine yapm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu sald\u0131r\u0131lara
\nne denir?<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

Ha\u00e7l\u0131 seferleri <\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

1096-1270 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen Ha\u00e7l\u0131 Seferleri\u2019ne
\nkar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadelen T\u00fcrk \u0130slam devletleri hangileridir? (2 tane yaz)<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye Sel\u00e7uklu Devleti, Eyy\u00fbb\u00ee Devleti, Anadolu\u2019da kurulan ilk T\u00fcrk
\nbeylikleri<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Ha\u00e7l\u0131 seferlerinin dini nedenlerini yaz\u0131n\u0131z.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

Hristiyanlar\u0131n, M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n elinde bulunan Kud\u00fcs ve di\u011fer kutsal yerleri
\n(Antakya ve Urfa vb.) almak istemeleri<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Fransa\u2019da ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan Kluni tarikat\u0131n\u0131n M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlarla sava\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde
\nyapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar <\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Katolik kilisesinin Ortodoks kilisesini h\u00e2kimiyet alt\u0131na almak istemesi<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Katolik kilisesinin halk\u0131 seferlere te\u015fvik etmesi<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Ha\u00e7l\u0131
\nseferlerinin siyasi nedenlerini yaz\u0131n\u0131z.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkler kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda zor durumda kalan Bizans\u2019\u0131n Avrupa\u2019dan yard\u0131m istemesi<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00fcrklerin Anadolu, Suriye, Filistin ve Akdeniz b\u00f6lgelerinden
\nuzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmak istenmesi<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Ha\u00e7l\u0131
\nseferlerinin ekonomik nedenlerini yaz\u0131n\u0131z.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

Avrupal\u0131lar\u0131n Do\u011fu\u2019nun zenginliklerini ele ge\u00e7irmek istemeleri<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Do\u011fudan gelen ticaret yollar\u0131n\u0131n T\u00fcrklerin denetiminde olmas\u0131<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Baz\u0131 soylu ve derebeylerin yeni topraklar kazanarak ekonomik durumlar\u0131n\u0131
\ndaha da g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmek istemeleri<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

(1096-1099)
\nI. Ha\u00e7l\u0131 seferinin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 yaz\u0131n\u0131z.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

Ha\u00e7l\u0131 ordusu kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda I. K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 Arslan tutunamad\u0131 ve
\n\u0130znik\u2019i terk ederek devletin merkezini Konya\u2019ya ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Ha\u00e7l\u0131lar Kud\u00fcs\u2019\u00fc F\u00e2tim\u00eeler\u2019in elinden ald\u0131lar.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Anadolu\u2019dan Kud\u00fcs\u2019e ula\u015famayan Ha\u00e7l\u0131lar\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131
\nise Antakya ve Urfa\u2019y\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irerek buralarda kontluklar kurdular.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

1147-1149
\nII. Ha\u00e7l\u0131 Seferinin d\u00fczenlenmesine neden olan geli\u015fme nedir?<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

Musul Atabeyi Nurettin Mahmut Zengi\u2019nin 1144 y\u0131l\u0131nda
\nHa\u00e7l\u0131lardan \u00f6nce Urfa\u2019y\u0131, daha sonra da Halep ve \u015eam\u2019\u0131 geri almas\u0131.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0130lk kez
\nkral ve imparatorlar 1096-1270 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen hangi Ha\u00e7l\u0131 seferine
\nkat\u0131lm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r?<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

II. Ha\u00e7l\u0131 Seferi<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

(1189-1192)
\nIII. Ha\u00e7l\u0131 Seferi\u2019nin temel nedeni nedir? <\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019da kurulmu\u015f olan Eyy\u00fcbi Devleti H\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131
\nSelahaddin Eyyubi\u2019nin 1187 y\u0131l\u0131nda Ha\u00e7l\u0131larla yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 Hittin Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131
\nkazanarak Kud\u00fcs\u2019\u00fc ele ge\u00e7irmesi III. Ha\u00e7l\u0131 Seferi\u2019nin d\u00fczenlenmesine neden
\nolmu\u015ftur.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

IV. Ha\u00e7l\u0131 Seferi neden \u0130stanbul\u2019a d\u00fczenlendi?<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

Kud\u00fcs\u2019\u00fcn al\u0131namamas\u0131
\n\u00fczerine Papa\u2019n\u0131n k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtmalar\u0131yla yeni bir ordu kuruldu. <\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Bu s\u0131rada Bizans\u2019ta
\ntaht kavgalar\u0131 sonucunda tahtan indirilen \u0130mparator Aleksios, Ha\u00e7l\u0131 ordusundan
\nyard\u0131m istedi. <\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0130stanbul\u2019a gelen
\nHa\u00e7l\u0131lar \u0130stanbul\u2019u ya\u011fmalayarak bir Latin \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu kurdular.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Ha\u00e7l\u0131 Seferleri\u2019nin siyasi sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 nelerdir?<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

Ha\u00e7l\u0131 Seferleri\u2019nde bir\u00e7ok soylunun \u00f6lmesi veya geriye d\u00f6nebilenlerin
\nparas\u0131zl\u0131k sebebiyle mallar\u0131n\u0131 satmas\u0131 Avrupa\u2019da derebeylik sisteminin
\nzay\u0131flamas\u0131na, merkez\u00ee krall\u0131klar\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7lenmesine neden oldu.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131n\u0131n, Ha\u00e7l\u0131larla sava\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 f\u0131rsat bilen Bizans, Bat\u0131
\nAnadolu topraklar\u0131n\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irdi.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00fcrklerin, \u0130slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131ndaki sayg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 artt\u0131.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00fcrklerin bat\u0131ya ilerleyi\u015fleri bir s\u00fcre durdu.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Ha\u00e7l\u0131
\nSeferleri\u2019nin ekonomik sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 nelerdir?<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

Do\u011fu-Bat\u0131 ticareti b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde geli\u015fti. <\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Bat\u0131 Akdeniz ve limanlar\u0131 (Venedik, Cenova, Marsilya
\ngibi) \u00f6nem kazand\u0131.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Seferlere gerekli parasal deste\u011fin sa\u011flanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in
\nkrallar\u0131n Venedikli bankerlerden bor\u00e7 para almalar\u0131 bankac\u0131l\u0131k sisteminin
\ngeli\u015fmesine ortam haz\u0131rlad\u0131.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Seferler neticesinde Anadolu, Suriye ve di\u011fer b\u00f6lgeler
\ntahrip oldu, tar\u0131msal \u00fcretim azald\u0131, ticari hayat durgunla\u015ft\u0131.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Ha\u00e7l\u0131
\nSeferleri\u2019nin dini sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 nelerdir?<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

Katolik kilisesi ile Ortodoks kilisesi aras\u0131ndaki
\nayr\u0131l\u0131klar daha da artt\u0131.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Kud\u00fcs\u2019\u00fcn M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar taraf\u0131ndan geri al\u0131nmas\u0131, seferlerde
\nbir\u00e7ok insan\u0131n \u00f6lmesi papalara ve din adamlar\u0131na olan g\u00fcveni sarst\u0131.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Ha\u00e7l\u0131
\nSeferleri\u2019nin bilimsel ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 nelerdir?<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

Avrupal\u0131lar M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlardan pusula, barut, k\u00e2\u011f\u0131t ve
\nmatbaan\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011frendiler.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Avrupal\u0131lar \u0130slam k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve medeniyetini yak\u0131ndan
\ntan\u0131ma f\u0131rsat\u0131 buldular. <\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Baz\u0131 \u0130slam \u00e2limlerine ait eserleri Latinceye
\n\u00e7evirdiler. Bu durum Avrupa\u2019da bilim hayat\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde geli\u015fmesine ortam
\nhaz\u0131rlad\u0131.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

10.1.5.
\nMo\u011fol \u0130stilas\u0131n\u0131n Anadolu\u2019da meydana getirdi\u011fi siyasi ve sosyal de\u011fi\u015fimi analiz
\neder.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Mo\u011fol
\n\u0130mparatorlu\u011fu ne zaman kim taraf\u0131ndan kuruldu?<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

1196 y\u0131l\u0131nda, Cengiz Han taraf\u0131ndan kuruldu.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

I.
\nAl\u00e2eddin Keykubat d\u00f6neminde Mo\u011fol tehlikesine kar\u015f\u0131 hangi \u00f6nlemler al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r?<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

Al\u00e2eddin Keykubat Konya, Kayseri, Sivas gibi \u015fehirlerin
\nkalelerini yeniden in\u015fa etti.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

S\u0131n\u0131r boylar\u0131ndaki kaleleri g\u00fc\u00e7lendirdi. <\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Eyy\u00fcbilerle ve Harzem\u015fahlarla dostane ili\u015fkiler kurdu.
\n<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Mo\u011follarla iyi ge\u00e7indi.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Eyyubilerle birlikte Harzem\u015fahlar\u0131 da yan\u0131na alarak
\nMo\u011follara kar\u015f\u0131 ittifak kurmak istedi.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Harzem\u015fahlar
\nDevleti hangi sava\u015f sonras\u0131 y\u0131k\u0131lma s\u00fcrecine girdi?<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

Harzem\u015fahlar Devleti ile Yass\u0131 \u00c7imen\u2019de yap\u0131lan sava\u015f\u0131
\nT\u00fcrkiye Sel\u00e7uklu Devleti kazand\u0131 (1230). <\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Bu sava\u015ftan bir s\u00fcre sonra Harzem\u015fahlar y\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131
\n(1231).<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

II.
\nG\u0131yaseddin Keyh\u00fcsrev d\u00f6neminde \u00e7\u0131kan hangi isyan Anadolu Sel\u00e7uklu Devleti\u2019nin
\nzay\u0131flamas\u0131na neden olmu\u015ftur?<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

Baba \u0130shak \u0130syan\u0131 (1237)<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

1243
\nK\u00f6seda\u011f Sava\u015f\u0131 hangi devletler aras\u0131nda yap\u0131ld\u0131?<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye Sel\u00e7uklu Devleti ile Mo\u011follar aras\u0131nda
\nyap\u0131ld\u0131.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

1243
\nK\u00f6seda\u011f Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 nelerdir?<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye
\nSel\u00e7uklu Devleti <\/span><\/a>da\u011f\u0131lma s\u00fcrecine
\ngirdi.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Sel\u00e7uklularda taht kavgalar\u0131 artt\u0131 ve Mo\u011follar
\nistediklerini tahta \u00e7\u0131karmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. B\u00f6ylece T\u00fcrkiye Sel\u00e7uklu Devleti
\nMo\u011follar\u0131n egemenli\u011fine girdi.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Merkez\u00ee otoritenin bozulmas\u0131 \u00fczerine bir\u00e7ok T\u00fcrk
\nbeyli\u011fi ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Anadolu ya\u011fmalanarak tahrip edildi. Tar\u0131msal \u00fcretim
\nd\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Ticaret yollar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcvenli\u011fi kalmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ticari faaliyetler azald\u0131.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Mo\u011fol tehlikesinden kurtulmak isteyen bir\u00e7ok T\u00fcrkmen
\nboyu Bat\u0131 Anadolu\u2019ya g\u00f6\u00e7 ederek buralar\u0131n T\u00fcrkle\u015fmesini sa\u011flad\u0131.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

1243
\nK\u00f6seda\u011f Sava\u015f\u0131 Bat\u0131 Anadolu\u2019nun T\u00fcrkle\u015fmesine nas\u0131l katk\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131?<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

Mo\u011fol tehlikesinden kurtulmak isteyen bir\u00e7ok T\u00fcrkmen
\nboyu Bat\u0131 Anadolu\u2019ya g\u00f6\u00e7 ederek buralar\u0131n T\u00fcrkle\u015fmesini sa\u011flad\u0131.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

K\u00f6seda\u011f
\nSava\u015f\u0131\u2019ndan Sonra Anadolu\u2019da Kurulan T\u00fcrk Beylikleri hangileridir?<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

Karamano\u011fullar\u0131: Konya civar\u0131nda kuruldu. D\u00f6nemin en
\ng\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc beyli\u011fi idi.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Germiyano\u011fullar\u0131: K\u00fctahya civar\u0131nda kuruldu.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Ayd\u0131no\u011fullar\u0131: Ayd\u0131n civar\u0131nda kuruldu. Denizcilik
\nfaaliyetlerinde bulundular.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Mente\u015feo\u011fullar\u0131: Mu\u011fla civar\u0131nda kuruldu. Denizcilik
\nfaaliyetlerinde bulundu.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Saruhano\u011fullar\u0131: \u0130zmir ve Manisa civar\u0131nda kuruldu.
\nDenizcilik faaliyetlerinde bulundu.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Karesio\u011fullar\u0131: Bal\u0131kesir ve \u00c7anakkale civa\u00adr\u0131nda
\nkuruldu. Denizcilik faaliyetlerinde bulundu.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Osmano\u011fullar\u0131: S\u00f6\u011f\u00fct ve Domani\u00e7 civar\u0131nda kuruldu.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Hamito\u011fullar\u0131: Isparta ve Burdur civar\u0131nda kuruldu.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Candaro\u011fullar\u0131: Kastamonu ve Sinop civar\u0131nda kuruldu.
\nDenizcilik faaliyetlerinde bulundu.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Ramazano\u011fullar\u0131: Adana ve Tarsus civar\u0131nda kuruldu.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Dulkadiro\u011fullar\u0131: Mara\u015f civar\u0131nda kuruldu.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Eratna Devleti: Ankara, Tokat, Sivas civar\u0131nda
\nkuruldu.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

Anadolu\u2019da
\nkurulan ilk tarikat hangisidir?<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

Baba \u0130lyas, Anadolu\u2019da \u201cBaba\u00eelik\u201d ad\u0131yla ilk tarikat\u0131
\nkurdu.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

2. \u00dcN\u0130TE
\nBEYL\u0130KTEN DEVLETE OSMANLI S\u0130YASET\u0130 (1302-1453)<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

10.2.1.
\n1302-1453 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki s\u00fcre\u00e7te meydana gelen ba\u015fl\u0131ca siyasi geli\u015fmeleri
\ntarih \u015feridi ve haritalar \u00fczerinde g\u00f6sterir.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

Kurulu\u015f
\nd\u00f6nemi Osmanl\u0131 padi\u015fahlar\u0131n\u0131 kronolojik olarak s\u0131ralay\u0131n\u0131z.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

I. Osman         (1299\u20131324)
\n<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Orhan Bey       (1324\u20131362)
\n<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

I. Murat           (1362\u20131389)
\n<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

I. Bayezid        (Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m)
\n(1389\u20131402) <\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

I. Mehmet       (\u00c7elebi)
\n(1413\u20131421) <\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

II. Murat          (1421\u20131451)<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Varna Muharebesi<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00c7irmen Muharebesi<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

I. Kosova Muharebesi<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

II. Kosova Muharebesi<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Ni\u011fbolu Muharebesi<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Yukar\u0131da
\nOsmanl\u0131 kurulu\u015f d\u00f6neminde yap\u0131lan baz\u0131 sava\u015flar verilmi\u015ftir. Bu sava\u015flar\u0131
\nkronolojik olarak s\u0131ralay\u0131n\u0131z.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

(1371) \u00c7irmen Muharebesi<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

(1389) I. Kosova Muharebesi<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

(1396) Ni\u011fbolu Muharebesi<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

(1444) Varna Muharebesi<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

(1448) II. Kosova Muharebesi<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

10.2.2.
\nOsmanl\u0131 Beyli\u011fi\u2019nin devletle\u015fme s\u00fcrecini Bizans\u2019la olan ili\u015fkileri \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde
\nanaliz eder.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

13.
\nY\u00fczy\u0131l sonlar\u0131nda Anadolu ve \u00e7evresinde hangi devletler vard\u0131?<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye Sel\u00e7uklu
\nDevleti, \u0130kinci d\u00f6nem Anadolu T\u00fcrk beylikleri, Do\u011fu Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu (Bizans),
\n\u0130hanl\u0131 Devleti, Meml\u00fbklu Devleti, Alt\u0131n Orda Devleti vard\u0131.  Balkanlarda S\u0131rp, Bulgar, Arnavut
\nkrall\u0131klar\u0131, Efl\u00e2k ve Bo\u011fdan voyvodal\u0131klar\u0131 ile Bosna Prensli\u011fi vard\u0131. Merkezi
\nViyana olan Kutsal Roma Germen \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n en \u00f6nemli siyasi
\ng\u00fcc\u00fcyd\u00fc.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0130talya\u2019da Napoli
\nKrall\u0131\u011f\u0131, Venedik ve Ceneviz cumhuriyetleri ile Papal\u0131k yer almaktayd\u0131. <\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Do\u011fu Avrupa\u2019da
\nMacaristan ve Lehistan Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Moskova Knezli\u011fi vard\u0131. <\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Orta Avrupa\u2019daki
\nMacaristan, Balkanlar \u00fczerinde h\u00e2kimiyet kurmak istiyordu. <\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Bat\u0131 Avrupa\u2019da
\n\u0130ngiltere ve Fransa bulunuyordu.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131
\nDevleti\u2019ni kuranlar O\u011fuzlar\u0131n hangi boyuna mensuptu?<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019ni
\nkuranlar O\u011fuzlar\u0131n G\u00fcnhan soyunun Kay\u0131 boyuna mensuptur.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019ni
\nkuran Kay\u0131 boyunun S\u00f6\u011f\u00fct b\u00f6lgesine geli\u015f s\u00fcrecini a\u00e7\u0131klay\u0131n\u0131z.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Kay\u0131lar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir
\nb\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, 1071 Malazgirt Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019ndan sonra Anadolu\u2019ya gelerek Ahlat y\u00f6resini yurt
\nedindiler. <\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye Sel\u00e7uklu
\nSultan\u0131 I. Alaaddin Keykubat zaman\u0131nda Mo\u011follarla yapt\u0131klar\u0131 ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131
\nm\u00fccadeleler ve T\u00fcrkiye Sel\u00e7uklu Devleti\u2019ne yapt\u0131klar\u0131 hizmetler kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda
\nilk olarak Ankara yak\u0131nlar\u0131ndaki Karacada\u011f y\u00f6resine, daha sonra Bizans
\ns\u0131n\u0131r\u0131ndaki S\u00f6\u011f\u00fct\u2019e u\u00e7 beyli\u011fi olarak yerle\u015ftirildiler.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131
\nBey Bizans ile yap\u0131lan hangi sava\u015f sonras\u0131 kendi ad\u0131na para bast\u0131rd\u0131?<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

Bizansla yap\u0131lan 1302
\nKoyunhisar Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131 kazanan Osman Bey ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ilan ederek kendi ad\u0131na
\nhutbe okutup para bast\u0131rd\u0131.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Bursa, hangi
\npadi\u015fah d\u00f6neminde Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin ba\u015fkenti yap\u0131ld\u0131?<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

Orhan Bey<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

10.2.3.
\nRumeli\u2019deki fetihler ile isk\u00e2n (\u015fenlendirme) ve istim\u00e2let politikalar\u0131n\u0131n
\nama\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 ve etkilerini analiz eder.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131
\nDevleti\u2019nin Rumeli\u2019deki kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilk toprak par\u00e7as\u0131 neresidir?<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

1353 \u00c7impe Kalesi<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Edirne hangi
\npadi\u015fah zaman\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin ba\u015fkenti yap\u0131ld\u0131?<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

I. Murat 1363 <\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

I. Murad
\nd\u00f6neminde Ha\u00e7l\u0131larla hangi sava\u015flar yap\u0131ld\u0131?<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

Sultan I. Murad 1364
\ny\u0131l\u0131nda birle\u015fik Ha\u00e7l\u0131 ordusuna kar\u015f\u0131 S\u0131rps\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 Zaferi\u2019ni kazand\u0131. <\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Yine Ha\u00e7l\u0131larla
\nyap\u0131lan I. Kosova Sava\u015f\u0131 (1389) Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin lehine sonu\u00e7land\u0131.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

I. Kosova Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019nda
\nsonra I. Murad sava\u015f meydan\u0131nda gezerken \u015fehit edildi.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

I.
\nBayezid (Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m) d\u00f6neminde Ha\u00e7l\u0131larla hangi sava\u015f yap\u0131ld\u0131?<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

1396 Ni\u011fbolu Sava\u015f\u0131<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0130stanbul\u2019u
\nku\u015fatan ilk Osmanl\u0131 padi\u015fah\u0131 kimdir?<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m Bayezid<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m
\nBayezid d\u00f6neminde \u0130stanbul ku\u015fatmas\u0131 sonras\u0131 Bizans ile yap\u0131lan antla\u015fmada
\nhangi maddeler yer al\u0131yordu?<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

\u0130stanbul\u2019da bir T\u00fcrk
\nmahallesi kurulacak ve bir cami in\u015fa edilecek. <\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00fcrklerin davalar\u0131na
\nbakmak i\u00e7in bir T\u00fcrk kad\u0131 tayin edilecek; <\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Bizans, her y\u0131l
\nOsmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019ne 10 bin d\u00fcka vergi \u00f6deyecekti. <\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Bu antla\u015fma ile
\nBizans, Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin siyasi \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc kabul etmi\u015f oldu.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

II.
\nMurad D\u00f6nemi\u2019nde Ha\u00e7l\u0131 ittifak\u0131yla yap\u0131lan sava\u015flar hangileridir?<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

Varna Sava\u015f\u0131 (1444)
\nve II. Kosova Sava\u015f\u0131 (1448)<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u015eeyh ve
\ndervi\u015flerin Osmanl\u0131 iskan siyasetine katk\u0131lar\u0131 neler olmu\u015ftur?<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

\u015eeyh ve dervi\u015flerin
\nb\u00f6lgede kurduklar\u0131 tekke ve zaviyelerin etraf\u0131nda zamanla mahalle ve k\u00f6yler
\nolu\u015ftu. Buralar birer din, k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve sanat merkezleri h\u00e2line geldi. <\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u015feyh ve
\ndervi\u015fler sadece din adamlar\u0131 olarak de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda topra\u011f\u0131 i\u015fleyen, k\u00f6y
\nkuran, sanat ve ilim yapan \u015fah\u0131slar olarak \u00f6nemli g\u00f6revler \u00fcstlendi.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131
\ndevletinin uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cistimalet\u201d politikas\u0131 hakk\u0131nda bilgi veriniz.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131 devleti
\nfethetti\u011fi yerlerde uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u0130stim\u00e2let (ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fc) anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 ile b\u00f6lgedeki
\nhalk\u0131n g\u00f6nl\u00fcn\u00fc ald\u0131. <\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Yerli halk\u0131n
\ninan\u00e7lar\u0131na, dillerine, gelenek ve g\u00f6reneklerine kar\u0131\u015fmayarak onlar\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerini
\nya\u015famalar\u0131nda serbest b\u0131rakt\u0131. Ayr\u0131ca onlardan tekfurlar\u0131n ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 vergilerden
\ndaha az\u0131 al\u0131nd\u0131.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131
\ndevletinin uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201ciskan\u201d politikas\u0131 hakk\u0131nda bilgi veriniz.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131 Devleti,
\nfethedilen yerlere T\u00fcrk kimli\u011fi kazand\u0131rmak i\u00e7in \u00f6ncelikle buralarda T\u00fcrk
\nn\u00fcfusun art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na \u00f6nem verdi. <\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Rumeli\u2019de yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131
\nfetihleri kolayla\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in ordunun ge\u00e7ece\u011fi \u00f6nemli yollar\u0131, ge\u00e7itleri ve
\n\u015fehirleri asker\u00ee a\u00e7\u0131dan g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na alarak bu stratejik noktalar\u0131n da
\nT\u00fcrkle\u015ftirmesine \u00f6zel \u00f6nem verdi.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Anadolu\u2019da
\nkonar-g\u00f6\u00e7er ya\u015fayan T\u00fcrk topluluklar\u0131n\u0131 ve baz\u0131 meslek erbaplar\u0131n\u0131 Rumeli\u2019de
\nfethedilen yerlere yerle\u015ftirdi.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Rumeli\u2019de imar
\nfaaliyetleri yap\u0131larak cami, yol, k\u00f6pr\u00fc, medrese, \u00e7e\u015fme ve hastanelerle b\u00f6lgeye
\nT\u00fcrk \u0130slam kimli\u011fi kazand\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131
\nDevleti\u2019nin, Rumeli\u2019de uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 isk\u00e2n siyasetinde dikkat etti\u011fi kurallardan
\niki tanesini yaz\u0131n\u0131z.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

G\u00f6\u00e7menlerin, yeni
\nyerle\u015fim b\u00f6lgelerine yak\u0131n yerlerden olmas\u0131na \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131. B\u00f6ylece uzun yol
\neziyeti ve iklim farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n etkisi en aza indirildi. <\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Ayr\u0131ca Anadolu\u2019da
\naralar\u0131nda husumet ve anla\u015fmazl\u0131k bulunan ailelerden bir k\u0131sm\u0131 Rumeli\u2019ye g\u00f6\u00e7
\nettirilerek \u00fclkede sosyal d\u00fczen ve huzur sa\u011flanmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Ahiy\u00e2n-\u0131
\nR\u00fbm nedir?<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

Ahiy\u00e2n-\u0131 R\u00fbm, Ahilik
\nte\u015fkilat\u0131na mensup \u00fcyelerden olu\u015fuyordu. Ahilik, XIII. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Ahi Evran
\ntaraf\u0131ndan kurulmu\u015f \u015fehirlerdeki esnaf ve zanaatk\u00e2rlar\u0131n sosyal ve ekonomik
\ny\u00f6nden te\u015fkilatlanmalar\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan bir olu\u015fumdu. <\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Ahilik meslek
\nkurulu\u015fu oldu\u011fu kadar ayn\u0131 zamanda k\u00fclt\u00fcr, inan\u00e7, yi\u011fitlik ve ahlaki de\u011ferler
\nta\u015f\u0131rd\u0131.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

10.2.4.
\nOsmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin Anadolu\u2019da T\u00fcrk siyasi birli\u011fini sa\u011flamaya y\u00f6nelik
\nfaaliyetlerini ve sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

analiz eder.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131
\nDevleti\u2019nin topraklar\u0131na katt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilk beylik hangisidir?<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

Orhan Bey D\u00f6nemi\u2019nde
\nBal\u0131kesir ve \u00c7anakkale civar\u0131nda kurulmu\u015f olan Karesio\u011fullar\u0131 Beyli\u011fi 1345
\ny\u0131l\u0131nsda Osmanl\u0131 topraklar\u0131na kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

I.
\nMurad, Anadolu T\u00fcrk siyasi birli\u011fini kurma yolunda bar\u0131\u015f yolunu se\u00e7ti. Bu
\nd\u00f6nemde Anadolu\u2019da Osmanl\u0131 Devleti topraklar\u0131n\u0131 nas\u0131l geni\u015fletti?<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

Karamano\u011fullar\u0131na
\nkar\u015f\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7 kazanmak isteyen Germiyano\u011flu S\u00fcleyman \u015eah, k\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 I. Murad\u2019\u0131n o\u011flu
\nY\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m Bayezid ile evlendirdi. Bu evlilikle K\u00fctahya, Simav, Emet ve Tav\u015fanl\u0131
\n\u00e7eyiz olarak Osmanl\u0131lara ge\u00e7ti.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

I. Murad,
\nHamito\u011fullar\u0131ndan para kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 Ak\u015fehir, Bey\u015fehir, Yalva\u00e7, Seydi\u015fehir ve
\nIsparta\u2019y\u0131 ald\u0131.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Anadolu
\nBeylerbeyli\u011fini kuran, Anadolu\u2019da T\u00fcrk siyasi birli\u011fini b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde sa\u011flayan
\nOsmanl\u0131 padi\u015fah\u0131 kimdir?<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m Bayezid<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

1402 Ankara
\nSava\u015f\u0131\u2019nda Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019ni yenilgiye u\u011fratan Timur \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu hakk\u0131nda
\nbilgi veriniz.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

Timur Devleti\u2019nin
\n(1369-1507) kurucusu olan Timur, k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede Harezm, Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan, \u0130ran,
\nAzerbaycan, Hindistan Delhi Sultanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, Irak, Suriye ve Alt\u0131n Orda topraklar\u0131na
\nsahip oldu. <\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00d6zellikle Alt\u0131n Orda
\nDevleti \u00fczerine d\u00fczenledi\u011fi seferler Moskova knezlerinin g\u00fc\u00e7lenmesine yol a\u00e7t\u0131.
\n<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Yine Karakoyunlu
\nH\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 Kara Yusuf ile Ba\u011fdat H\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 Ahmet Celayir\u2019e bask\u0131 yaparak bu iki
\nh\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131n Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m Bayezid\u2019e s\u0131\u011f\u0131nmalar\u0131na neden oldu.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

1402 Ankara
\nSava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n nedenleri nelerdir?<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

Timur\u2019un \u00c7in\u2019e
\nd\u00fczenleyece\u011fi sefer \u00f6ncesi arkas\u0131nda g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir devlet b\u0131rakmak istememesi.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m taraf\u0131ndan
\nsiyasi varl\u0131klar\u0131na son verilen T\u00fcrkmen beylerinin Timur\u2019a s\u0131\u011f\u0131nmalar\u0131<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Timur, Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m\u2019a bir
\nmektup g\u00f6ndererek Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin kendisine ba\u011flanmas\u0131n\u0131, Anadolu
\nbeylerinden al\u0131nan yerlerin eski sahiplerine verilmesini ve Kara Yusuf ile
\nAhmet Celayir\u2019in kendisine teslim edilmesini istemesi.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Timur\u2019un Sivas\u2019a
\ngirerek \u015fehri tahrip etmesi ve Ankara\u2019y\u0131 ku\u015fatmas\u0131.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Ankara
\nSava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 nelerdir?<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m Bayezid ve
\no\u011fullar\u0131 \u015eehzade Musa ile \u015eehzade Mustafa, Timur ordusu taraf\u0131ndan esir edildi
\n(1402).<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Timur Bursa\u2019y\u0131 i\u015fgal
\nederek \u015fehri ya\u011fmalad\u0131. <\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0130zmir\u2019i Saint-Jean
\n\u015e\u00f6valyelerinden alarak Ayd\u0131no\u011fullar\u0131\u2019na verdi.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Esarete dayanamayan
\nY\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m Bayezid vefat etti (1403).<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Timur, Anadolu
\nbeyliklerini yeniden kurdurarak (Karesio\u011fullar\u0131 ve E\u015frefo\u011fullar\u0131 hari\u00e7)
\n-Osmanl\u0131 Devleti de d\u00e2hil- hepsini kendine ba\u011flad\u0131. <\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Anadolu\u2019da T\u00fcrk
\nsiyasi birli\u011fi bozuldu.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131 Devleti
\nda\u011f\u0131lma tehlikesi ya\u015fad\u0131. <\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m Bayezid\u2019in
\nd\u00f6rt o\u011flu (\u0130sa, Musa, S\u00fcleyman ve Mehmet) aras\u0131ndaki taht kavgalar\u0131 y\u00fcz\u00fcnden
\nFetret Devri ya\u015fand\u0131 (1402-1413).<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131\u2019da ya\u015fanan i\u00e7
\nkar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131klar, Bizans\u2019\u0131n siyasi \u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fcn bir s\u00fcre daha uzamas\u0131na neden oldu.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin
\nRumeli\u2019deki ilerleyi\u015fi bir s\u00fcre durdu ama Balkanlarda b\u00fcy\u00fck toprak kayb\u0131
\nya\u015fanmad\u0131.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131
\nDevleti\u2019nde ya\u015fanan \u201cFetret D\u00f6nemi\u201d hakk\u0131nda bilgi veriniz.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

Timur\u2019un Anadolu\u2019dan
\n\u00e7ekilmesiyle Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m Bayezid\u2019in d\u00f6rt o\u011flu aras\u0131nda (\u0130sa, Musa, Mehmet,
\nS\u00fcleyman) taht kavgalar\u0131 ba\u015flad\u0131. <\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Taht kavgalar\u0131 ile
\nge\u00e7en bu d\u00f6neme \u201cFetret D\u00f6nemi\u201d denir (1402-1413). <\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

On bir y\u0131l s\u00fcren bu
\nm\u00fccadeleyi I. Mehmet (\u00c7elebi) kazanarak 1413 y\u0131l\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin ba\u015f\u0131na
\nge\u00e7ti. <\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019ni
\nda\u011f\u0131lma tehlikesinden kurtard\u0131.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Fetret
\ndevrinde Balkanlarda Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde toprak kayb\u0131 ya\u015famamas\u0131n\u0131n
\nnedeni nedir?<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

Bunun en \u00f6nemli
\nsebebi Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin Balkanlarda uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 isk\u00e2n politikas\u0131 ve adaletli
\ny\u00f6netim anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131d\u0131r.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131
\nDevleti\u2019nde meydana gelen ilk din\u00ee ve sosyal i\u00e7erikli isyan hangisidir?<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

\u015eeyh Bedreddin isyan\u0131.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131
\nDevleti\u2019nin Balkan devletleri ile yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilk antla\u015fma hangisidir?<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

Edirne Segedin
\nAntla\u015fmas\u0131 (1444).<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

II.
\nMurat, hangi antla\u015fman\u0131n imzalanmas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan taht\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ya\u015ftaki o\u011flu
\n\u015eehzade Mehmet\u2019e b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r?<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

Edirne Segedin
\nAntla\u015fmas\u0131 (1444).<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Ha\u00e7l\u0131
\nordusu ile yap\u0131lan II. Kosova Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n (1448) sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 nelerdir?<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131lar
\nkazanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131 Devleti’nin
\nBalkanlar’daki h\u00e2kimiyeti kesinle\u015fmi\u015ftir.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Avrupal\u0131lar\u0131n,
\nBalkanlar’dan T\u00fcrklerin at\u0131labilece\u011fi \u00fcmitler suya d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131 Devleti’nin,
\nAvrupa’da, II. Viyana ku\u015fatmas\u0131na kadar s\u00fcrecek olan askeri \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck s\u00fcreci
\n(1448-1683) ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

3.
\n\u00dcN\u0130TE: DEVLETLE\u015eME S\u00dcREC\u0130NDE SAVA\u015e\u00c7ILAR VE ASKERLER<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

10.3.1.
\nKurulu\u015f D\u00f6nemi\u2019nde Osmanl\u0131 asker\u00ee g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc olu\u015fturan farkl\u0131 muharip unsurlar\u0131
\na\u00e7\u0131klar.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131
\nDevleti\u2019nin kurulu\u015f a\u015famas\u0131nda d\u00fczenli bir ordusu yoktu. Osmanl\u0131 Beyli\u011fi,
\nsefere \u00e7\u0131kmadan \u00f6nce bir\u00e7ok T\u00fcrkmen a\u015firetine duyuruda bulunur ve sefer i\u00e7in
\nasker toplard\u0131. \u0130lk d\u00fczenli birlikler Orhan Gazi zaman\u0131nda, Bursa\u2019n\u0131n fethinden
\nsonra olu\u015fturuldu.  Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nde
\nd\u00fczenli orduya ge\u00e7i\u015fin nedenleri nelerdir?<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

Devlete ba\u011fl\u0131 olmayan
\na\u015firet kuvvetleri aras\u0131nda belli bir d\u00fczen ve koordinasyon yoktu. <\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Sava\u015fa karar verdi\u011fi
\nzaman, bu gruplar\u0131n toplanmas\u0131 ve sevkiyat\u0131 olduk\u00e7a sorun yarat\u0131yordu.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

 Ayr\u0131ca sava\u015f \u00f6ncesi ve s\u0131ras\u0131nda disipline
\nedilmeleri olduk\u00e7a zordu.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131
\nDevleti\u2019nde ilk d\u00fczenli ordu kimlerden olu\u015fuyordu?<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

Yaya (piyade) ve
\nm\u00fcsellem (atl\u0131) asker\u00ee birliklerinden olu\u015fuyordu.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

Yaya
\n(piyade) ve m\u00fcsellem (atl\u0131) asker\u00ee birliklerinin \u00f6zellikleri hakk\u0131nda bilgi
\nveriniz.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

\u0130lk a\u015famada sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131
\nve g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc T\u00fcrk gen\u00e7lerinden 1000 yaya, 1000 de atl\u0131 askerden kuruldu. <\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Yaya ve m\u00fcsellemler,
\n\u00fccretli asker s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131ndayd\u0131.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Sefer s\u0131ras\u0131nda belli
\nbir \u00fccret al\u0131yor, bar\u0131\u015f zaman\u0131nda ise kendilerine tahsis edilen arazileri ekip
\nbi\u00e7iyorlard\u0131. <\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Ancak bunun
\nkar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda belirli vergilerden muaf tutuluyorlard\u0131.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

XV. y\u00fczy\u0131l
\nortalar\u0131ndan sonra yaya ve m\u00fcsellemler daha profesyonel bir ordu niteli\u011finde
\nolan Kap\u0131kulu Ocaklar\u0131n\u0131n kurulmas\u0131ndan sonra tersanelerde, maden ocaklar\u0131 ve
\nkale in\u015faatlar\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmak \u00fczere geri hizmet birlikleri aras\u0131na
\nal\u0131nd\u0131lar.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Kurulu\u015f d\u00f6neminde Osmanl\u0131 ordusunda Kap\u0131kulu
\nPiyadeleri hangi birliklerden olu\u015furdu?<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Acemi Oca\u011f\u0131<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Yeni\u00e7eriler<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Cebeciler (Silahlarla ilgilenir)<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Top\u00e7ular<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Kurulu\u015f
\nd\u00f6neminde Osmanl\u0131 ordusunda eyalet askerlerinde hangi birlikler yer al\u0131rd\u0131?<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

T\u0131marl\u0131 Sipahiler<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Yayalar ve M\u00fcsellemler<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Azaplar<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Ak\u0131nc\u0131lar<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\n

 <\/span><\/span><\/p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

  10. SINIF TAR\u0130H DERS\u0130 I. \u00dcN\u0130TE YERLE\u015eME VE DEVLETLE\u015eME S\u00dcREC\u0130NDE SEL\u00c7UKLU T\u00dcRK\u0130YES\u0130 10.1.1. T\u00fcrklerin Anadolu\u2019ya yerle\u015fmeye ba\u015flamas\u0131 ile T\u00fcrkiye Sel\u00e7uklu Devleti\u2019nin y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki s\u00fcre\u00e7te […]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_regular_price":[],"currency_symbol":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[39],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-295","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-yaziliya-hazirlik"],"post_slider_layout_featured_media_urls":{"thumbnail":"","post_slider_layout_landscape_large":"","post_slider_layout_portrait_large":"","post_slider_layout_square_large":"","post_slider_layout_landscape":"","post_slider_layout_portrait":"","post_slider_layout_square":"","full":""},"yoast_head":"\n10. 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