Orta \u00c7a\u011f Tarihi – Flashkart Seti<\/title>\n <style>\n * {\n margin: 0;\n padding: 0;\n box-sizing: border-box;\n }\n\n body {\n font-family: 'Segoe UI', Tahoma, Geneva, Verdana, sans-serif;\n background: #ffffff;\n min-height: 100vh;\n display: flex;\n flex-direction: column;\n align-items: center;\n padding: 20px;\n }\n\n .container {\n width: 100%;\n max-width: 600px;\n margin: 0 auto;\n }\n\n .header {\n text-align: center;\n margin-bottom: 30px;\n }\n\n .header h1 {\n color: #2c3e50;\n font-size: 24px;\n margin-bottom: 10px;\n }\n\n .progress {\n background: #e0e0e0;\n height: 8px;\n border-radius: 10px;\n overflow: hidden;\n margin-top: 15px;\n }\n\n .progress-bar {\n background: linear-gradient(90deg, #667eea 0%, #764ba2 100%);\n height: 100%;\n transition: width 0.3s ease;\n }\n\n .card-counter {\n color: #666;\n font-size: 16px;\n margin-top: 10px;\n }\n\n .flashcard-container {\n perspective: 1000px;\n margin-bottom: 30px;\n }\n\n .flashcard {\n width: 100%;\n min-height: 350px;\n position: relative;\n transform-style: preserve-3d;\n transition: transform 0.6s;\n cursor: pointer;\n }\n\n .flashcard.flipped {\n transform: rotateY(180deg);\n }\n\n .card-face {\n width: 100%;\n min-height: 350px;\n position: absolute;\n backface-visibility: hidden;\n border-radius: 15px;\n padding: 40px 30px;\n display: flex;\n flex-direction: column;\n justify-content: center;\n align-items: center;\n box-shadow: 0 10px 30px rgba(0,0,0,0.2);\n }\n\n .card-front {\n background: linear-gradient(135deg, #667eea 0%, #764ba2 100%);\n color: white;\n }\n\n .card-back {\n background: linear-gradient(135deg, #f093fb 0%, #f5576c 100%);\n color: white;\n transform: rotateY(180deg);\n }\n\n .icon {\n font-size: 48px;\n margin-bottom: 20px;\n }\n\n .question-text {\n font-size: 20px;\n text-align: center;\n line-height: 1.6;\n font-weight: 500;\n }\n\n .flip-hint {\n margin-top: 25px;\n font-size: 14px;\n opacity: 0.9;\n font-style: italic;\n padding: 8px 16px;\n background: rgba(255,255,255,0.2);\n border-radius: 20px;\n }\n\n .answer-text {\n font-size: 18px;\n text-align: left;\n line-height: 1.8;\n width: 100%;\n }\n\n .answer-text ul {\n list-style: none;\n padding-left: 0;\n }\n\n .answer-text li {\n margin-bottom: 10px;\n padding-left: 25px;\n position: relative;\n }\n\n .answer-text li:before {\n content: \"\u2192\";\n position: absolute;\n left: 0;\n font-weight: bold;\n }\n\n .controls {\n display: flex;\n gap: 15px;\n justify-content: center;\n align-items: center;\n }\n\n button {\n padding: 12px 30px;\n font-size: 16px;\n border: none;\n border-radius: 25px;\n cursor: pointer;\n transition: all 0.3s;\n font-weight: 600;\n box-shadow: 0 4px 15px rgba(0,0,0,0.2);\n }\n\n button:active {\n transform: scale(0.95);\n }\n\n .btn-prev {\n background: linear-gradient(135deg, #f093fb 0%, #f5576c 100%);\n color: white;\n }\n\n .btn-prev:hover {\n box-shadow: 0 6px 20px rgba(240, 147, 251, 0.4);\n }\n\n .btn-next {\n background: linear-gradient(135deg, #667eea 0%, #764ba2 100%);\n color: white;\n }\n\n .btn-next:hover {\n box-shadow: 0 6px 20px rgba(102, 126, 234, 0.4);\n }\n\n button:disabled {\n opacity: 0.5;\n cursor: not-allowed;\n }\n\n @media (max-width: 600px) {\n .header h1 {\n font-size: 20px;\n }\n\n .card-face {\n min-height: 300px;\n padding: 30px 20px;\n }\n\n .icon {\n font-size: 40px;\n }\n\n .question-text {\n font-size: 18px;\n }\n\n .answer-text {\n font-size: 16px;\n }\n\n button {\n padding: 10px 20px;\n font-size: 14px;\n }\n }\n <\/style>\n<\/head>\n<body>\n <div class=\"container\">\n <div class=\"header\">\n <h1>\ud83d\udcda Orta \u00c7a\u011f’daki Siyasi ve Askeri Geli\u015fmeler<\/h1>\n <div class=\"card-counter\">\n <span id=\"currentCard\">1<\/span> \/ <span id=\"totalCards\">40<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"progress\">\n <div class=\"progress-bar\" id=\"progressBar\"><\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"flashcard-container\">\n <div class=\"flashcard\" id=\"flashcard\">\n <div class=\"card-face card-front\">\n <div class=\"icon\" id=\"questionIcon\">\ud83c\udff0<\/div>\n <div class=\"question-text\" id=\"questionText\">Soru y\u00fckleniyor…<\/div>\n <div class=\"flip-hint\">\ud83d\udcf1 Cevab\u0131 G\u00f6rmek \u0130\u00e7in \u00c7evir<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"card-face card-back\">\n <div class=\"icon\" id=\"answerIcon\">\u2705<\/div>\n <div class=\"answer-text\" id=\"answerText\">Cevap y\u00fckleniyor…<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"controls\">\n <button class=\"btn-prev\" id=\"prevBtn\" onclick=\"previousCard()\">\u2b05 Geri<\/button>\n <button class=\"btn-next\" id=\"nextBtn\" onclick=\"nextCard()\">\u0130leri \u27a1<\/button>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <script>\n const flashcards = [\n {\n questionIcon: \"\ud83c\udff0\",\n question: \"Bat\u0131 Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu ne zaman tarih sahnesinden \u00e7ekilmi\u015f ve bunun sonucunda Avrupa'da hangi sistem \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r?\",\n answerIcon: \"\ud83d\udcc5\",\n answer: \"<ul><li>Bat\u0131 Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu 476 y\u0131l\u0131nda tarih sahnesinden \u00e7ekilmi\u015ftir<\/li><li>Bu olay Kavimler G\u00f6\u00e7\u00fc sonucunda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir<\/li><li>Avrupa'da feodalite sistemi \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r<\/li><\/ul>\"\n },\n {\n questionIcon: \"\ud83d\uddfa\ufe0f\",\n question: \"Orta \u00c7a\u011f'da Asya'da hangi iki b\u00fcy\u00fck monar\u015fi varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcyordu ve hangi b\u00f6lgelerde h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcr\u00fcyorlard\u0131?\",\n answerIcon: \"\ud83d\udc51\",\n answer: \"<ul><li>Do\u011fu Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu<\/li><li>Sasani \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu<\/li><li>H\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcrd\u00fckleri b\u00f6lgeler: Balkanlar, Anadolu, Mezopotamya, Kuzey Afrika ve \u0130ran<\/li><\/ul>\"\n },\n {\n questionIcon: \"\u2694\ufe0f\",\n question: \"Do\u011fu Roma ve Sasani \u0130mparatorluklar\u0131 neden m\u00fccadele ediyorlard\u0131 ve bu m\u00fccadele ne kadar s\u00fcrd\u00fc?\",\n answerIcon: \"\ud83d\uddfa\ufe0f\",\n answer: \"<ul><li>Anadolu topraklar\u0131 i\u00e7in m\u00fccadele ediyorlard\u0131<\/li><li>Bu m\u00fccadele yakla\u015f\u0131k 400 y\u0131l s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr<\/li><li>Sasaniler, Pers \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu'nun s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131na ula\u015fmay\u0131 hedefliyordu<\/li><\/ul>\"\n },\n {\n questionIcon: \"\ud83d\ude4f\",\n question: \"Do\u011fu Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu ve Sasani \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu'nun resmi dinleri nelerdi?\",\n answerIcon: \"\u26ea\",\n answer: \"<ul><li>Do\u011fu Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu: Hristiyanl\u0131k<\/li><li>Sasani \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu: Zerd\u00fc\u015ftl\u00fck<\/li><\/ul>\"\n },\n {\n questionIcon: \"\ud83d\udc0e\",\n question: \"Ak Hun Devleti hangi devletlerle m\u00fccadele etmi\u015f ve kimlerle ittifak kurularak y\u0131k\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r?\",\n answerIcon: \"\u2694\ufe0f\",\n answer: \"<ul><li>Ak Hun Devleti \u015fu devletlerle m\u00fccadele etmi\u015ftir: Do\u011fu Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu, \u0130slam Devleti<\/li><li>G\u00f6kt\u00fcrk Yabgusu \u0130stemi, Sasanilerle ittifak kurmu\u015ftur<\/li><li>Bu ittifak sonucunda Ak Hun Devleti 557 y\u0131l\u0131nda y\u0131k\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r<\/li><li>Topraklar\u0131 iki devlet aras\u0131nda payla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r<\/li><\/ul>\"\n },\n {\n questionIcon: \"\ud83d\udee3\ufe0f\",\n question: \"Ak Hun Devleti hangi ticareti kontrol ediyordu ve bu neden \u00f6nemliydi?\",\n answerIcon: \"\ud83d\udcb0\",\n answer: \"<ul><li>\u0130pek Yolu transit ticaretini kontrol ediyordu<\/li><li>Bu ticaret sayesinde ekonomik g\u00fc\u00e7 elde ediyordu<\/li><li>Bu nedenle G\u00f6kt\u00fcrkler ve Sasaniler Ak Hunlara kar\u015f\u0131 ittifak kurdu<\/li><\/ul>\"\n },\n {\n questionIcon: \"\ud83d\udc51\",\n question: \"Sasani h\u00fck\u00fcmdarlar\u0131na ne ad veriliyordu ve bu ismin anlam\u0131 nedir?\",\n answerIcon: \"\ud83d\udcdc\",\n answer: \"<ul><li>Sasani h\u00fck\u00fcmdarlar\u0131na '\u015eahan\u015fah' ad\u0131 veriliyordu<\/li><li>Anlam\u0131: \u015eahlar\u0131n \u015fah\u0131<\/li><\/ul>\"\n },\n {\n questionIcon: \"\u2696\ufe0f\",\n question: \"Sasani \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu'nda h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131n yetkileri nas\u0131l s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131?\",\n answerIcon: \"\ud83d\udccb\",\n answer: \"<ul><li>Yaz\u0131l\u0131 kanunlar ile s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r<\/li><li>Dini kurallar ile s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r<\/li><li>\u00d6rfi gelenekler ile s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r<\/li><li>Kararlar kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fclerek al\u0131n\u0131rd\u0131<\/li><\/ul>\"\n },\n {\n questionIcon: \"\ud83c\udfdb\ufe0f\",\n question: \"Sasani devlet y\u00f6netiminin \u00f6zellikleri nelerdi?\",\n answerIcon: \"\u2699\ufe0f\",\n answer: \"<ul><li>G\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmi\u015f merkeziyet\u00e7i bir yap\u0131ya sahipti<\/li><li>Y\u00fcksek kapasiteli bir sistem vard\u0131<\/li><li>Devlet i\u015fleri 'divan' ad\u0131 verilen kurullarda g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcrd\u00fc<\/li><li>Al\u0131nan kararlar h\u00fck\u00fcmdar taraf\u0131ndan onaylan\u0131rd\u0131<\/li><\/ul>\"\n },\n {\n questionIcon: \"\ud83d\udc64\",\n question: \"Sasani \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu'nda idari te\u015fkilat\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131ndaki ki\u015fiye ne ad veriliyordu?\",\n answerIcon: \"\ud83d\udcdd\",\n answer: \"<ul><li>Ba\u015f vezir ad\u0131 veriliyordu<\/li><li>\u0130dari te\u015fkilat\u0131n en \u00fcst makam\u0131yd\u0131<\/li><\/ul>\"\n },\n {\n questionIcon: \"\ud83d\uddfa\ufe0f\",\n question: \"Sasani \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu'nda \u00fclke ka\u00e7 ana eyalete b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc ve bu eyaletlere ne ad veriliyordu?\",\n answerIcon: \"\ud83c\udff0\",\n answer: \"<ul><li>\u00dclke 4 ana eyalete b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc<\/li><li>Bu eyaletlere 'satrap' ad\u0131 veriliyordu<\/li><li>Eyaletler valiler taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6netiliyordu<\/li><li>Valiler, merkez te\u015fkilat\u0131ndaki vezirlerle ayn\u0131 makama sahipti<\/li><\/ul>\"\n },\n {\n questionIcon: \"\u2694\ufe0f\",\n question: \"Sasani ordusu hangi iki temel s\u0131n\u0131fa ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ve aralar\u0131ndaki fark neydi?\",\n answerIcon: \"\ud83d\udee1\ufe0f\",\n answer: \"<ul><li>S\u00fcvari (atl\u0131 askerler)<\/li><li>Piyade (yaya askerler)<\/li><li>S\u00fcvariler piyadelerden daha \u00fcst\u00fcn ve sayg\u0131n kabul ediliyordu<\/li><li>S\u00fcvariler piyadelerden daha fazla maa\u015f al\u0131yordu<\/li><\/ul>\"\n },\n {\n questionIcon: \"\ud83c\udff9\",\n question: \"Sasani s\u00fcvarisi hangi iki s\u0131n\u0131fa ayr\u0131l\u0131yordu ve zaman i\u00e7inde hangisi \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131?\",\n answerIcon: \"\ud83d\udee1\ufe0f\",\n answer: \"<ul><li>Hafif ok\u00e7u s\u00fcvari<\/li><li>A\u011f\u0131r z\u0131rhl\u0131 m\u0131zrakl\u0131 s\u00fcvari<\/li><li>Zaman i\u00e7inde a\u011f\u0131r z\u0131rhl\u0131 m\u0131zrakl\u0131 s\u00fcvari birliklerine dayal\u0131 sistem kuruldu<\/li><li>Ok\u00e7u s\u00fcvariler geri plana \u00e7ekildi<\/li><\/ul>\"\n },\n {\n questionIcon: \"\ud83d\udd27\",\n question: \"Sasaniler hangi teknolojide Romal\u0131lardan daha iyi durumdayd\u0131?\",\n answerIcon: \"\u2699\ufe0f\",\n answer: \"<ul><li>Z\u0131rh teknolojisinde \u0130ranl\u0131lar Romal\u0131lardan daha iyi durumdayd\u0131<\/li><li>Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k silah teknolojisinde Orta Asya geleneklerini takip ediyorlard\u0131<\/li><\/ul>\"\n },\n {\n questionIcon: \"\ud83d\udd22\",\n question: \"Sasani ordusunda asker birliklerinin organizasyonu nas\u0131ld\u0131?\",\n answerIcon: \"\ud83d\udcca\",\n answer: \"<ul><li>Orta Asya toplumlar\u0131nda oldu\u011fu gibi onluk sistemlere g\u00f6re d\u00fczenleniyordu<\/li><li>Farkl\u0131 etnik gruplara dayal\u0131 ordu sistemi vard\u0131<\/li><li>Bu sistem ileriki as\u0131rlarda M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar taraf\u0131ndan da benimsenmi\u015ftir<\/li><\/ul>\"\n },\n {\n questionIcon: \"\ud83d\udcb0\",\n question: \"Sasani askerlerinin maa\u015f sistemi nas\u0131ld\u0131?\",\n answerIcon: \"\ud83d\udcb5\",\n answer: \"<ul><li>Askerlerin en az\u0131ndan bir k\u0131sm\u0131 maa\u015f al\u0131yordu<\/li><li>Sasani \u015fahlar\u0131 baz\u0131 arazileri ikta olarak da ba\u011f\u0131\u015flayabiliyordu<\/li><\/ul>\"\n },\n {\n questionIcon: \"\ud83d\udc18\",\n question: \"Sasani ordusunda hangi hayvan \u00f6nemli bir rol oynuyordu?\",\n answerIcon: \"\u2694\ufe0f\",\n answer: \"<ul><li>Sava\u015f filleri \u00f6nemli rol oynuyordu<\/li><li>Bir\u00e7ok kaynakta zaferlerin temel nedenlerinden biri olarak g\u00f6sterilmektedir<\/li><\/ul>\"\n },\n {\n questionIcon: \"\ud83d\udca5\",\n question: \"Sasani \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu ne zaman ve hangi sava\u015fta yenilerek y\u0131k\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r?\",\n answerIcon: \"\ud83d\udcc5\",\n answer: \"<ul><li>Hz. \u00d6mer D\u00f6nemi'nde Nihavend Sava\u015f\u0131'nda yenilmi\u015ftir<\/li><li>651 y\u0131l\u0131nda tamamen y\u0131k\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r<\/li><\/ul>\"\n },\n {\n questionIcon: \"\ud83c\udfdb\ufe0f\",\n question: \"Do\u011fu Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu ne zaman ve kim taraf\u0131ndan kurulmu\u015ftur?\",\n answerIcon: \"\ud83d\udc51\",\n answer: \"<ul><li>330 y\u0131l\u0131nda kurulmu\u015ftur<\/li><li>I. Konstantin taraf\u0131ndan kurulmu\u015ftur<\/li><li>\u0130stanbul'da (Konstantinopolis) ba\u015fkent olarak kurulmu\u015ftur<\/li><li>Bu devlet i\u00e7in 'Bizans' tabiri daha sonra kullan\u0131lmaya ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r<\/li><\/ul>\"\n },\n {\n questionIcon: \"\ud83d\udee1\ufe0f\",\n question: \"Do\u011fu Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu'nun Orta \u00c7a\u011f'daki \u00f6zel konumu neydi?\",\n answerIcon: \"\u2b50\",\n answer: \"<ul><li>Bin y\u0131l\u0131 a\u015fk\u0131n s\u00fcre varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr<\/li><li>Pek \u00e7ok kom\u015fusu olmu\u015ftur<\/li><li>Orta \u00c7a\u011f boyunca varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 koruyabilen tek devlet olarak \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r<\/li><\/ul>\"\n },\n {\n questionIcon: \"\ud83d\udc0e\",\n question: \"V. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Do\u011fu Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu hangi devletle m\u00fccadele etti?\",\n answerIcon: \"\u2694\ufe0f\",\n answer: \"<ul><li>Avrupa Hun Devleti ile m\u00fccadele etti<\/li><li>Attila liderli\u011findeki Hunlarla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya geldi<\/li><\/ul>\"\n },\n {\n questionIcon: \"\ud83d\udcdc\",\n question: \"Attila'n\u0131n Do\u011fu Roma ile imzalad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Margus Antla\u015fmas\u0131'n\u0131n \u015fartlar\u0131 nelerdi?\",\n answerIcon: \"\u270d\ufe0f\",\n answer: \"<ul><li>Bizansl\u0131lar bundan b\u00f6yle Hun ka\u00e7aklar\u0131n\u0131 kabul etmeyecekti<\/li><li>O g\u00fcne kadar s\u0131\u011f\u0131nanlar geri verilecekti<\/li><li>Bizansl\u0131lar, Hunlar\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fmanlar\u0131yla ittifak kuramayacakt\u0131<\/li><li>Hunlara ticaret hakk\u0131 tan\u0131nd\u0131<\/li><li>Do\u011fu Roma, Hunlara \u00f6denen vergiyi iki kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131karmak zorunda kald\u0131<\/li><\/ul>\"\n },\n {\n questionIcon: \"\ud83d\udca5\",\n question: \"Attila'n\u0131n Bizans'a kar\u015f\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi Balkan Seferleri ne zaman yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 neler olmu\u015ftur?\",\n answerIcon: \"\ud83d\udcc5\",\n answer: \"<ul><li>441 ve 447 y\u0131llar\u0131nda iki Balkan Seferi ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir<\/li><li>Tuna'n\u0131n g\u00fcneyindeki Do\u011fu Roma savunmas\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6kertildi<\/li><li>Hunlara kar\u015f\u0131 engel kalmad\u0131<\/li><li>Do\u011fu Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu ancak Attila'n\u0131n bat\u0131ya y\u00f6nelmesiyle varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrebildi<\/li><\/ul>\"\n },\n {\n questionIcon: \"\ud83d\udc51\",\n question: \"Do\u011fu Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu alt\u0131n \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hangi h\u00fck\u00fcmdar d\u00f6neminde ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f ve bu d\u00f6nem ne zaman ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir?\",\n answerIcon: \"\u2b50\",\n answer: \"<ul><li>I. Justinianus (Justinyanus) d\u00f6neminde ya\u015fam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r<\/li><li>527-565 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr<\/li><li>En geni\u015f s\u0131n\u0131rlara bu d\u00f6nemde ula\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r<\/li><\/ul>\"\n },\n {\n questionIcon: \"\u2696\ufe0f\",\n question: \"I. Justinianus d\u00f6nemindeki \u00f6nemli geli\u015fmeler nelerdir?\",\n answerIcon: \"\ud83d\udccb\",\n answer: \"<ul><li>\u00dclkedeki hukuk yeniden d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir<\/li><li>Kendi ad\u0131yla an\u0131lan kanunlar (Justinianus Kanunlar\u0131) haz\u0131rlat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r<\/li><li>Nika \u0130syan\u0131 (532) s\u0131ras\u0131nda yanan Ayasofya muhte\u015fem bir \u015fekilde yeniden in\u015fa ettirilmi\u015ftir<\/li><\/ul>\"\n },\n {\n questionIcon: \"\u2694\ufe0f\",\n question: \"\u0130mparator Herakleios (Herakles) d\u00f6neminde (610-641) hangi \u00f6nemli olaylar ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r?\",\n answerIcon: \"\ud83d\uddfa\ufe0f\",\n answer: \"<ul><li>Do\u011fuda uzun s\u00fcren sava\u015flar sonucunda Sasaniler Anadolu'dan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131<\/li><li>Suriye, Filistin ve M\u0131s\u0131r geri al\u0131nd\u0131<\/li><li>Arap Yar\u0131madas\u0131'ndan y\u00fckselen M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar Do\u011fu Roma'y\u0131 tehdit etmeye ba\u015flad\u0131<\/li><\/ul>\"\n },\n {\n questionIcon: \"\ud83d\udd4c\",\n question: \"Emeviler ve Abbasiler Do\u011fu Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu'na kar\u015f\u0131 ne yapm\u0131\u015f ancak ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olamam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r?\",\n answerIcon: \"\u2694\ufe0f\",\n answer: \"<ul><li>\u0130stanbul'u ku\u015fatm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r<\/li><li>Ancak Do\u011fu Roma'n\u0131n donanma g\u00fcc\u00fc sayesinde ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olamam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r<\/li><li>Do\u011fu Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu ayakta kalmay\u0131 ba\u015farm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r<\/li><\/ul>\"\n },\n {\n questionIcon: \"\ud83c\udff0\",\n question: \"Bizans \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu ne zaman ve nas\u0131l tarih sahnesinden \u00e7ekilmi\u015ftir?\",\n answerIcon: \"\ud83d\udcc5\",\n answer: \"<ul><li>1453 y\u0131l\u0131nda tarih sahnesinden \u00e7ekilmi\u015ftir<\/li><li>\u0130stanbul'un T\u00fcrkler taraf\u0131ndan fethedilmesiyle sona ermi\u015ftir<\/li><\/ul>\"\n },\n {\n questionIcon: \"\ud83d\udc51\",\n question: \"Bizans \u0130mparatoru'nun yetkileri nelerdi ve bu y\u00f6netim tarz\u0131 nereden geliyordu?\",\n answerIcon: \"\u2696\ufe0f\",\n answer: \"<ul><li>Ba\u015f kanun koyucu<\/li><li>En y\u00fcksek yarg\u0131\u00e7<\/li><li>\u0130dari otorite<\/li><li>Mali otorite<\/li><li>Askeri otorite<\/li><li>Bu otokratik y\u00f6netim eski \u015eark gelene\u011finin bir devam\u0131d\u0131r<\/li><\/ul>\"\n },\n {\n questionIcon: \"\ud83c\udfdb\ufe0f\",\n question: \"Bizans'ta senato kimlerden olu\u015fuyordu ve i\u015flevi neydi?\",\n answerIcon: \"\ud83d\udc65\",\n answer: \"<ul><li>Y\u00fcksek memurlar<\/li><li>Toprak a\u011falar\u0131<\/li><li>Zengin kimseler<\/li><li>T\u00f6rensel olarak bir araya gelirdi<\/li><\/ul>\"\n },\n {\n questionIcon: \"\u2696\ufe0f\",\n question: \"Bizans \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu hukuk alan\u0131nda hangi \u00f6nemli katk\u0131y\u0131 yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r?\",\n answerIcon: \"\ud83d\udcdc\",\n answer: \"<ul><li>Roma hukuk sistemini geli\u015ftirmi\u015ftir<\/li><li>Bu sistemi \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f d\u00fcnyaya hediye eden imparatorluk olarak tan\u0131n\u0131r<\/li><\/ul>\"\n },\n {\n questionIcon: \"\ud83d\uddfa\ufe0f\",\n question: \"Bizans'ta eyalet y\u00f6netimi nas\u0131l d\u00fczenlenmi\u015fti?\",\n answerIcon: \"\ud83d\udc64\",\n answer: \"<ul><li>Eyaletlerin ba\u015f\u0131nda bir sivil vali bulunurdu<\/li><li>Bir de askeri kumandan bulunurdu<\/li><li>Zaman zaman sava\u015flar ve ani savunma ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 nedeniyle sivil ve askeri yetkiler tek ki\u015fide birle\u015ftirildi<\/li><\/ul>\"\n },\n {\n questionIcon: \"\u2694\ufe0f\",\n question: \"Bizans ordusunun as\u0131l g\u00fcc\u00fc nereden geliyordu?\",\n answerIcon: \"\ud83d\udee1\ufe0f\",\n answer: \"<ul><li>Eyalet birlikleri olu\u015fturulmu\u015ftu<\/li><li>XI. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda ise paral\u0131 askerler ordunun asli unsuru haline gelmi\u015ftir<\/li><\/ul>\"\n },\n {\n questionIcon: \"\ud83c\udf0d\",\n question: \"Bizans ordusunda hangi farkl\u0131 etnik gruplardan askerler g\u00f6rev alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r?\",\n answerIcon: \"\ud83d\udc65\",\n answer: \"<ul><li>\u0130ngiliz<\/li><li>Frank<\/li><li>Norman<\/li><li>Bulgar<\/li><li>G\u00fcrc\u00fc<\/li><li>Pe\u00e7enek<\/li><li>K\u0131p\u00e7ak<\/li><li>Uz<\/li><\/ul>\"\n },\n {\n questionIcon: \"\ud83c\udfdb\ufe0f\",\n question: \"Bizans \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu'nda 'tema' sistemi nedir ve ne zaman uygulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r?\",\n answerIcon: \"\ud83d\udccb\",\n answer: \"<ul><li>\u0130dari ve askeri g\u00fcc\u00fc bir arada tutan y\u00f6netim birimidir<\/li><li>\u0130mparator taraf\u0131ndan atanan komutan\u0131n y\u00f6netti\u011fi sistemdir<\/li><li>VII. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan XI. y\u00fczy\u0131l ortalar\u0131na kadar uygulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r<\/li><li>\u0130dari, askeri ve sosyo-ekonomik y\u00f6netim birimlerini kar\u015f\u0131lamaktad\u0131r<\/li><li>Osmanl\u0131'daki t\u0131mar sistemine benzemektedir<\/li><\/ul>\"\n },\n {\n questionIcon: \"\ud83d\udd04\",\n question: \"Bizans'taki tema sistemi hangi Osmanl\u0131 kurumuna benzemektedir?\",\n answerIcon: \"\ud83c\udff0\",\n answer: \"<ul><li>Osmanl\u0131'daki t\u0131mar sistemine benzemektedir<\/li><li>Her iki sistem de askeri ve idari g\u00fc\u00e7leri birle\u015ftiren bir yap\u0131ya sahiptir<\/li><\/ul>\"\n },\n {\n questionIcon: \"\ud83d\udcca\",\n question: \"Orta \u00c7a\u011f'da Avrupa ile Asya'daki siyasi yap\u0131lar aras\u0131ndaki temel fark neydi?\",\n answerIcon: \"\ud83d\uddfa\ufe0f\",\n answer: \"<ul><li>Avrupa'da feodalite sistemi hakimdi<\/li><li>Asya'da (Do\u011fu Roma ve Sasani) g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc merkeziyet\u00e7i monar\u015filer vard\u0131<\/li><li>Asya'da imparatorluklar daha organize ve merkezi bir yap\u0131ya sahipti<\/li><\/ul>\"\n },\n {\n questionIcon: \"\ud83d\udca1\",\n question: \"Sasani ve Bizans ordu sistemlerinin M\u00fcsl\u00fcman devletler taraf\u0131ndan benimsenen \u00f6zellikleri nelerdir?\",\n answerIcon: \"\u2699\ufe0f\",\n answer: \"<ul><li>Sasanilerin farkl\u0131 etnik gruplara dayal\u0131 ordu sistemi<\/li><li>Onluk sistem organizasyonu<\/li><li>\u0130kta (toprak verme) sistemi<\/li><li>Merkeziyet\u00e7i askeri y\u00f6netim<\/li><\/ul>\"\n },\n {\n questionIcon: \"\ud83c\udfaf\",\n question: \"Orta \u00c7a\u011f'da b\u00fcy\u00fck imparatorluklar\u0131n (Sasani ve Bizans) y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131nda hangi fakt\u00f6rler etkili olmu\u015ftur?\",\n answerIcon: \"\ud83d\udca5\",\n answer: \"<ul><li>\u0130ki devlet aras\u0131ndaki 400 y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcrekli sava\u015flar<\/li><li>Uzun sava\u015flar nedeniyle ekonomik ve askeri g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin zay\u0131flamas\u0131<\/li><li>Yeni bir g\u00fc\u00e7 olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan \u0130slam Devleti'nin askeri ba\u015far\u0131lar\u0131<\/li><li>\u0130\u00e7 kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131klar ve y\u00f6netim sorunlar\u0131<\/li><\/ul>\"\n },\n {\n questionIcon: \"\ud83c\udf1f\",\n question: \"Orta \u00c7a\u011f'da Do\u011fu ve Bat\u0131 Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu'nun farkl\u0131 kaderlerinin nedenleri nelerdir?\",\n answerIcon: \"\ud83d\udcd6\",\n answer: \"<ul><li>Bat\u0131 Roma: 476'da Kavimler G\u00f6\u00e7\u00fc ile y\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131, feodalite ba\u015flad\u0131<\/li><li>Do\u011fu Roma: G\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc merkeziyet\u00e7i yap\u0131 sayesinde 1453'e kadar ayakta kald\u0131<\/li><li>Do\u011fu Roma'n\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc donanmas\u0131 savunmada \u00f6nemli rol oynad\u0131<\/li><li>Stratejik konum ve ekonomik g\u00fc\u00e7 Do\u011fu Roma'y\u0131 korudu<\/li><\/ul>\"\n }\n ];\n\n let currentCardIndex = 0;\n const flashcard = document.getElementById('flashcard');\n const questionIcon = document.getElementById('questionIcon');\n const questionText = document.getElementById('questionText');\n const answerIcon = document.getElementById('answerIcon');\n const answerText = document.getElementById('answerText');\n const prevBtn = document.getElementById('prevBtn');\n const nextBtn = document.getElementById('nextBtn');\n const currentCardSpan = document.getElementById('currentCard');\n const totalCardsSpan = document.getElementById('totalCards');\n const progressBar = document.getElementById('progressBar');\n\n function loadCard(index) {\n const card = flashcards[index];\n questionIcon.textContent = card.questionIcon;\n questionText.textContent = card.question;\n answerIcon.textContent = card.answerIcon;\n answerText.innerHTML = card.answer;\n \n \/\/ Kart\u0131 \u00f6n y\u00fcze \u00e7evir\n flashcard.classList.remove('flipped');\n \n \/\/ Buton durumlar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcncelle\n prevBtn.disabled = index === 0;\n nextBtn.disabled = index === flashcards.length - 1;\n \n \/\/ Saya\u00e7 ve ilerleme \u00e7ubu\u011funu g\u00fcncelle\n currentCardSpan.textContent = index + 1;\n totalCardsSpan.textContent = flashcards.length;\n const progress = ((index + 1) \/ flashcards.length) * 100;\n progressBar.style.width = progress + '%';\n }\n\n function flipCard() {\n flashcard.classList.toggle('flipped');\n }\n\n function nextCard() {\n if (currentCardIndex < flashcards.length - 1) {\n currentCardIndex++;\n loadCard(currentCardIndex);\n }\n }\n\n function previousCard() {\n if (currentCardIndex > 0) {\n currentCardIndex--;\n loadCard(currentCardIndex);\n }\n }\n\n \/\/ Karta t\u0131klay\u0131nca \u00e7evir\n flashcard.addEventListener('click', flipCard);\n\n \/\/ Klavye k\u0131sayollar\u0131\n document.addEventListener('keydown', function(event) {\n if (event.key === 'ArrowRight') {\n event.preventDefault();\n nextCard();\n } else if (event.key === 'ArrowLeft') {\n event.preventDefault();\n previousCard();\n } else if (event.key === ' ') {\n event.preventDefault();\n flipCard();\n }\n });\n\n \/\/ \u0130lk kart\u0131 y\u00fckle\n loadCard(0);\n <\/script>\n<\/body>\n<\/html>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<div class=\"mh-excerpt\"><p>Bu yaz\u0131m\u0131zda g\u00fcncel m\u00fcfredata g\u00f6re haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z 9. s\u0131n\u0131f tarih dersi 3. \u00fcnitesi olan Orta \u00c7a\u011f Medeniyetleri \u00fcnitesinin i\u00e7inde yer alan Orta \u00c7a\u011f\u2019daki Siyasi ve Askeri Geli\u015fmeler yaz\u0131l\u0131ya haz\u0131rl\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmam\u0131z\u0131 payla\u015f\u0131yoruz. 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{"id":3142,"date":"2026-03-30T09:10:40","date_gmt":"2026-03-30T06:10:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/?p=3142"},"modified":"2025-11-17T09:14:12","modified_gmt":"2025-11-17T06:14:12","slug":"1-orta-cagdaki-siyasi-ve-askeri-gelismeler-yaziliya-hazirlik-soru-cevap-flashcart","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/index.php\/2026\/03\/30\/1-orta-cagdaki-siyasi-ve-askeri-gelismeler-yaziliya-hazirlik-soru-cevap-flashcart\/","title":{"rendered":"#1 Orta \u00c7a\u011f\u2019daki Siyasi ve Askeri Geli\u015fmeler Yaz\u0131l\u0131ya Haz\u0131rl\u0131k Soru-Cevap (flashcart)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu yaz\u0131m\u0131zda g\u00fcncel m\u00fcfredata g\u00f6re haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z 9. s\u0131n\u0131f tarih dersi 3. \u00fcnitesi <\/strong>olan Orta \u00c7a\u011f Medeniyetleri <\/strong>\u00fcnitesinin i\u00e7inde yer alan Orta \u00c7a\u011f\u2019daki Siyasi ve Askeri Geli\u015fmeler yaz\u0131l\u0131ya haz\u0131rl\u0131k <\/strong>\u00e7al\u0131\u015fmam\u0131z\u0131 payla\u015f\u0131yoruz. Orta \u00c7a\u011f\u2019daki Siyasi ve Askeri Geli\u015fmeler online soru-cevap<\/strong> \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmam\u0131z sayesinde tarih dersi yaz\u0131l\u0131lar\u0131<\/strong>na tam olarak haz\u0131rlanacaks\u0131n\u0131z. 9. s\u0131n\u0131f tarih yaz\u0131l\u0131<\/strong>ya haz\u0131rl\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131m\u0131z sayesinde derslerde daha ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olacaks\u0131n\u0131z. Maarif modeline <\/strong>uygun olarak haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z Orta \u00c7a\u011f\u2019daki Siyasi ve Askeri Geli\u015fmeler flash cart<\/strong> \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmam\u0131z a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki konular\u0131 kapsamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ders: 9. s\u0131n\u0131f tarih<\/strong> kart\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dcnite: 9. s\u0131n\u0131f tarih 2. \u00dcnite: Orta \u00c7a\u011f Medeniyetleri tarih kart\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6\u011frenme \u00c7\u0131kt\u0131s\u0131\/ kazan\u0131m: Orta \u00c7a\u011f\u2019daki Siyasi ve Askeri Geli\u015fmeler tarih yaz\u0131l\u0131 soru-cevap<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130lgili yaz\u0131l\u0131: 9. s\u0131n\u0131f tarih dersi 2. d\u00f6nem 1. Yaz\u0131l\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Orta \u00c7a\u011f\u2019daki Siyasi ve Askeri Geli\u015fmeler 1. B\u00f6l\u00fcm<\/h2>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n \n \n Orta \u00c7a\u011f Tarihi – Flashkart Seti<\/title>\n <style>\n * {\n margin: 0;\n padding: 0;\n box-sizing: border-box;\n }\n\n body {\n font-family: 'Segoe UI', Tahoma, Geneva, Verdana, sans-serif;\n background: #ffffff;\n min-height: 100vh;\n display: flex;\n flex-direction: column;\n align-items: center;\n padding: 20px;\n }\n\n .container {\n width: 100%;\n max-width: 600px;\n margin: 0 auto;\n }\n\n .header {\n text-align: center;\n margin-bottom: 30px;\n }\n\n .header h1 {\n color: #2c3e50;\n font-size: 24px;\n margin-bottom: 10px;\n }\n\n .progress {\n background: #e0e0e0;\n height: 8px;\n border-radius: 10px;\n overflow: hidden;\n margin-top: 15px;\n }\n\n .progress-bar {\n background: linear-gradient(90deg, #667eea 0%, #764ba2 100%);\n height: 100%;\n transition: width 0.3s ease;\n }\n\n .card-counter {\n color: #666;\n font-size: 16px;\n margin-top: 10px;\n }\n\n .flashcard-container {\n perspective: 1000px;\n margin-bottom: 30px;\n }\n\n .flashcard {\n width: 100%;\n min-height: 350px;\n position: relative;\n transform-style: preserve-3d;\n transition: transform 0.6s;\n cursor: pointer;\n }\n\n .flashcard.flipped {\n transform: rotateY(180deg);\n }\n\n .card-face {\n width: 100%;\n min-height: 350px;\n position: absolute;\n backface-visibility: hidden;\n border-radius: 15px;\n padding: 40px 30px;\n display: flex;\n flex-direction: column;\n justify-content: center;\n align-items: center;\n box-shadow: 0 10px 30px rgba(0,0,0,0.2);\n }\n\n .card-front {\n background: linear-gradient(135deg, #667eea 0%, #764ba2 100%);\n color: white;\n }\n\n .card-back {\n background: linear-gradient(135deg, #f093fb 0%, #f5576c 100%);\n color: white;\n transform: rotateY(180deg);\n }\n\n .icon {\n font-size: 48px;\n margin-bottom: 20px;\n }\n\n .question-text {\n font-size: 20px;\n text-align: center;\n line-height: 1.6;\n font-weight: 500;\n }\n\n .flip-hint {\n margin-top: 25px;\n font-size: 14px;\n opacity: 0.9;\n font-style: italic;\n padding: 8px 16px;\n background: rgba(255,255,255,0.2);\n border-radius: 20px;\n }\n\n .answer-text {\n font-size: 18px;\n text-align: left;\n line-height: 1.8;\n width: 100%;\n }\n\n .answer-text ul {\n list-style: none;\n padding-left: 0;\n }\n\n .answer-text li {\n margin-bottom: 10px;\n padding-left: 25px;\n position: relative;\n }\n\n .answer-text li:before {\n content: \"\u2192\";\n position: absolute;\n left: 0;\n font-weight: bold;\n }\n\n .controls {\n display: flex;\n gap: 15px;\n justify-content: center;\n align-items: center;\n }\n\n button {\n padding: 12px 30px;\n font-size: 16px;\n border: none;\n border-radius: 25px;\n cursor: pointer;\n transition: all 0.3s;\n font-weight: 600;\n box-shadow: 0 4px 15px rgba(0,0,0,0.2);\n }\n\n button:active {\n transform: scale(0.95);\n }\n\n .btn-prev {\n background: linear-gradient(135deg, #f093fb 0%, #f5576c 100%);\n color: white;\n }\n\n .btn-prev:hover {\n box-shadow: 0 6px 20px rgba(240, 147, 251, 0.4);\n }\n\n .btn-next {\n background: linear-gradient(135deg, #667eea 0%, #764ba2 100%);\n color: white;\n }\n\n .btn-next:hover {\n box-shadow: 0 6px 20px rgba(102, 126, 234, 0.4);\n }\n\n button:disabled {\n opacity: 0.5;\n cursor: not-allowed;\n }\n\n @media (max-width: 600px) {\n .header h1 {\n font-size: 20px;\n }\n\n .card-face {\n min-height: 300px;\n padding: 30px 20px;\n }\n\n .icon {\n font-size: 40px;\n }\n\n .question-text {\n font-size: 18px;\n }\n\n .answer-text {\n font-size: 16px;\n }\n\n button {\n padding: 10px 20px;\n font-size: 14px;\n }\n }\n <\/style>\n<\/head>\n<body>\n <div class=\"container\">\n <div class=\"header\">\n <h1>\ud83d\udcda Orta \u00c7a\u011f’daki Siyasi ve Askeri Geli\u015fmeler<\/h1>\n <div class=\"card-counter\">\n <span id=\"currentCard\">1<\/span> \/ <span id=\"totalCards\">40<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"progress\">\n <div class=\"progress-bar\" id=\"progressBar\"><\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"flashcard-container\">\n <div class=\"flashcard\" id=\"flashcard\">\n <div class=\"card-face card-front\">\n <div class=\"icon\" id=\"questionIcon\">\ud83c\udff0<\/div>\n <div class=\"question-text\" id=\"questionText\">Soru y\u00fckleniyor…<\/div>\n <div class=\"flip-hint\">\ud83d\udcf1 Cevab\u0131 G\u00f6rmek \u0130\u00e7in \u00c7evir<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"card-face card-back\">\n <div class=\"icon\" id=\"answerIcon\">\u2705<\/div>\n <div class=\"answer-text\" id=\"answerText\">Cevap y\u00fckleniyor…<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"controls\">\n <button class=\"btn-prev\" id=\"prevBtn\" onclick=\"previousCard()\">\u2b05 Geri<\/button>\n <button class=\"btn-next\" id=\"nextBtn\" onclick=\"nextCard()\">\u0130leri \u27a1<\/button>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <script>\n const flashcards = [\n {\n questionIcon: \"\ud83c\udff0\",\n question: \"Bat\u0131 Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu ne zaman tarih sahnesinden \u00e7ekilmi\u015f ve bunun sonucunda Avrupa'da hangi sistem \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r?\",\n answerIcon: \"\ud83d\udcc5\",\n answer: \"<ul><li>Bat\u0131 Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu 476 y\u0131l\u0131nda tarih sahnesinden \u00e7ekilmi\u015ftir<\/li><li>Bu olay Kavimler G\u00f6\u00e7\u00fc sonucunda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir<\/li><li>Avrupa'da feodalite sistemi \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r<\/li><\/ul>\"\n },\n {\n questionIcon: \"\ud83d\uddfa\ufe0f\",\n question: \"Orta \u00c7a\u011f'da Asya'da hangi iki b\u00fcy\u00fck monar\u015fi varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcyordu ve hangi b\u00f6lgelerde h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcr\u00fcyorlard\u0131?\",\n answerIcon: \"\ud83d\udc51\",\n answer: \"<ul><li>Do\u011fu Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu<\/li><li>Sasani \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu<\/li><li>H\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcrd\u00fckleri b\u00f6lgeler: Balkanlar, Anadolu, Mezopotamya, Kuzey Afrika ve \u0130ran<\/li><\/ul>\"\n },\n {\n questionIcon: \"\u2694\ufe0f\",\n question: \"Do\u011fu Roma ve Sasani \u0130mparatorluklar\u0131 neden m\u00fccadele ediyorlard\u0131 ve bu m\u00fccadele ne kadar s\u00fcrd\u00fc?\",\n answerIcon: \"\ud83d\uddfa\ufe0f\",\n answer: \"<ul><li>Anadolu topraklar\u0131 i\u00e7in m\u00fccadele ediyorlard\u0131<\/li><li>Bu m\u00fccadele yakla\u015f\u0131k 400 y\u0131l s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr<\/li><li>Sasaniler, Pers \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu'nun s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131na ula\u015fmay\u0131 hedefliyordu<\/li><\/ul>\"\n },\n {\n questionIcon: \"\ud83d\ude4f\",\n question: \"Do\u011fu Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu ve Sasani \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu'nun resmi dinleri nelerdi?\",\n answerIcon: \"\u26ea\",\n answer: \"<ul><li>Do\u011fu Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu: Hristiyanl\u0131k<\/li><li>Sasani \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu: Zerd\u00fc\u015ftl\u00fck<\/li><\/ul>\"\n },\n {\n questionIcon: \"\ud83d\udc0e\",\n question: \"Ak Hun Devleti hangi devletlerle m\u00fccadele etmi\u015f ve kimlerle ittifak kurularak y\u0131k\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r?\",\n answerIcon: \"\u2694\ufe0f\",\n answer: \"<ul><li>Ak Hun Devleti \u015fu devletlerle m\u00fccadele etmi\u015ftir: Do\u011fu Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu, \u0130slam Devleti<\/li><li>G\u00f6kt\u00fcrk Yabgusu \u0130stemi, Sasanilerle ittifak kurmu\u015ftur<\/li><li>Bu ittifak sonucunda Ak Hun Devleti 557 y\u0131l\u0131nda y\u0131k\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r<\/li><li>Topraklar\u0131 iki devlet aras\u0131nda payla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r<\/li><\/ul>\"\n },\n {\n questionIcon: \"\ud83d\udee3\ufe0f\",\n question: \"Ak Hun Devleti hangi ticareti kontrol ediyordu ve bu neden \u00f6nemliydi?\",\n answerIcon: \"\ud83d\udcb0\",\n answer: \"<ul><li>\u0130pek Yolu transit ticaretini kontrol ediyordu<\/li><li>Bu ticaret sayesinde ekonomik g\u00fc\u00e7 elde ediyordu<\/li><li>Bu nedenle G\u00f6kt\u00fcrkler ve Sasaniler Ak Hunlara kar\u015f\u0131 ittifak kurdu<\/li><\/ul>\"\n },\n {\n questionIcon: \"\ud83d\udc51\",\n question: \"Sasani h\u00fck\u00fcmdarlar\u0131na ne ad veriliyordu ve bu ismin anlam\u0131 nedir?\",\n answerIcon: \"\ud83d\udcdc\",\n answer: \"<ul><li>Sasani h\u00fck\u00fcmdarlar\u0131na '\u015eahan\u015fah' ad\u0131 veriliyordu<\/li><li>Anlam\u0131: \u015eahlar\u0131n \u015fah\u0131<\/li><\/ul>\"\n },\n {\n questionIcon: \"\u2696\ufe0f\",\n question: \"Sasani \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu'nda h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131n yetkileri nas\u0131l s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131?\",\n answerIcon: \"\ud83d\udccb\",\n answer: \"<ul><li>Yaz\u0131l\u0131 kanunlar ile s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r<\/li><li>Dini kurallar ile s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r<\/li><li>\u00d6rfi gelenekler ile s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r<\/li><li>Kararlar kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fclerek al\u0131n\u0131rd\u0131<\/li><\/ul>\"\n },\n {\n questionIcon: \"\ud83c\udfdb\ufe0f\",\n question: \"Sasani devlet y\u00f6netiminin \u00f6zellikleri nelerdi?\",\n answerIcon: \"\u2699\ufe0f\",\n answer: \"<ul><li>G\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmi\u015f merkeziyet\u00e7i bir yap\u0131ya sahipti<\/li><li>Y\u00fcksek kapasiteli bir sistem vard\u0131<\/li><li>Devlet i\u015fleri 'divan' ad\u0131 verilen kurullarda g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcrd\u00fc<\/li><li>Al\u0131nan kararlar h\u00fck\u00fcmdar taraf\u0131ndan onaylan\u0131rd\u0131<\/li><\/ul>\"\n },\n {\n questionIcon: \"\ud83d\udc64\",\n question: \"Sasani \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu'nda idari te\u015fkilat\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131ndaki ki\u015fiye ne ad veriliyordu?\",\n answerIcon: \"\ud83d\udcdd\",\n answer: \"<ul><li>Ba\u015f vezir ad\u0131 veriliyordu<\/li><li>\u0130dari te\u015fkilat\u0131n en \u00fcst makam\u0131yd\u0131<\/li><\/ul>\"\n },\n {\n questionIcon: \"\ud83d\uddfa\ufe0f\",\n question: \"Sasani \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu'nda \u00fclke ka\u00e7 ana eyalete b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc ve bu eyaletlere ne ad veriliyordu?\",\n answerIcon: \"\ud83c\udff0\",\n answer: \"<ul><li>\u00dclke 4 ana eyalete b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc<\/li><li>Bu eyaletlere 'satrap' ad\u0131 veriliyordu<\/li><li>Eyaletler valiler taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6netiliyordu<\/li><li>Valiler, merkez te\u015fkilat\u0131ndaki vezirlerle ayn\u0131 makama sahipti<\/li><\/ul>\"\n },\n {\n questionIcon: \"\u2694\ufe0f\",\n question: \"Sasani ordusu hangi iki temel s\u0131n\u0131fa ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ve aralar\u0131ndaki fark neydi?\",\n answerIcon: \"\ud83d\udee1\ufe0f\",\n answer: \"<ul><li>S\u00fcvari (atl\u0131 askerler)<\/li><li>Piyade (yaya askerler)<\/li><li>S\u00fcvariler piyadelerden daha \u00fcst\u00fcn ve sayg\u0131n kabul ediliyordu<\/li><li>S\u00fcvariler piyadelerden daha fazla maa\u015f al\u0131yordu<\/li><\/ul>\"\n },\n {\n questionIcon: \"\ud83c\udff9\",\n question: \"Sasani s\u00fcvarisi hangi iki s\u0131n\u0131fa ayr\u0131l\u0131yordu ve zaman i\u00e7inde hangisi \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131?\",\n answerIcon: \"\ud83d\udee1\ufe0f\",\n answer: \"<ul><li>Hafif ok\u00e7u s\u00fcvari<\/li><li>A\u011f\u0131r z\u0131rhl\u0131 m\u0131zrakl\u0131 s\u00fcvari<\/li><li>Zaman i\u00e7inde a\u011f\u0131r z\u0131rhl\u0131 m\u0131zrakl\u0131 s\u00fcvari birliklerine dayal\u0131 sistem kuruldu<\/li><li>Ok\u00e7u s\u00fcvariler geri plana \u00e7ekildi<\/li><\/ul>\"\n },\n {\n questionIcon: \"\ud83d\udd27\",\n question: \"Sasaniler hangi teknolojide Romal\u0131lardan daha iyi durumdayd\u0131?\",\n answerIcon: \"\u2699\ufe0f\",\n answer: \"<ul><li>Z\u0131rh teknolojisinde \u0130ranl\u0131lar Romal\u0131lardan daha iyi durumdayd\u0131<\/li><li>Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k silah teknolojisinde Orta Asya geleneklerini takip ediyorlard\u0131<\/li><\/ul>\"\n },\n {\n questionIcon: \"\ud83d\udd22\",\n question: \"Sasani ordusunda asker birliklerinin organizasyonu nas\u0131ld\u0131?\",\n answerIcon: \"\ud83d\udcca\",\n answer: \"<ul><li>Orta Asya toplumlar\u0131nda oldu\u011fu gibi onluk sistemlere g\u00f6re d\u00fczenleniyordu<\/li><li>Farkl\u0131 etnik gruplara dayal\u0131 ordu sistemi vard\u0131<\/li><li>Bu sistem ileriki as\u0131rlarda M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar taraf\u0131ndan da benimsenmi\u015ftir<\/li><\/ul>\"\n },\n {\n questionIcon: \"\ud83d\udcb0\",\n question: \"Sasani askerlerinin maa\u015f sistemi nas\u0131ld\u0131?\",\n answerIcon: \"\ud83d\udcb5\",\n answer: \"<ul><li>Askerlerin en az\u0131ndan bir k\u0131sm\u0131 maa\u015f al\u0131yordu<\/li><li>Sasani \u015fahlar\u0131 baz\u0131 arazileri ikta olarak da ba\u011f\u0131\u015flayabiliyordu<\/li><\/ul>\"\n },\n {\n questionIcon: \"\ud83d\udc18\",\n question: \"Sasani ordusunda hangi hayvan \u00f6nemli bir rol oynuyordu?\",\n answerIcon: \"\u2694\ufe0f\",\n answer: \"<ul><li>Sava\u015f filleri \u00f6nemli rol oynuyordu<\/li><li>Bir\u00e7ok kaynakta zaferlerin temel nedenlerinden biri olarak g\u00f6sterilmektedir<\/li><\/ul>\"\n },\n {\n questionIcon: \"\ud83d\udca5\",\n question: \"Sasani \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu ne zaman ve hangi sava\u015fta yenilerek y\u0131k\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r?\",\n answerIcon: \"\ud83d\udcc5\",\n answer: \"<ul><li>Hz. \u00d6mer D\u00f6nemi'nde Nihavend Sava\u015f\u0131'nda yenilmi\u015ftir<\/li><li>651 y\u0131l\u0131nda tamamen y\u0131k\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r<\/li><\/ul>\"\n },\n {\n questionIcon: \"\ud83c\udfdb\ufe0f\",\n question: \"Do\u011fu Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu ne zaman ve kim taraf\u0131ndan kurulmu\u015ftur?\",\n answerIcon: \"\ud83d\udc51\",\n answer: \"<ul><li>330 y\u0131l\u0131nda kurulmu\u015ftur<\/li><li>I. Konstantin taraf\u0131ndan kurulmu\u015ftur<\/li><li>\u0130stanbul'da (Konstantinopolis) ba\u015fkent olarak kurulmu\u015ftur<\/li><li>Bu devlet i\u00e7in 'Bizans' tabiri daha sonra kullan\u0131lmaya ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r<\/li><\/ul>\"\n },\n {\n questionIcon: \"\ud83d\udee1\ufe0f\",\n question: \"Do\u011fu Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu'nun Orta \u00c7a\u011f'daki \u00f6zel konumu neydi?\",\n answerIcon: \"\u2b50\",\n answer: \"<ul><li>Bin y\u0131l\u0131 a\u015fk\u0131n s\u00fcre varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr<\/li><li>Pek \u00e7ok kom\u015fusu olmu\u015ftur<\/li><li>Orta \u00c7a\u011f boyunca varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 koruyabilen tek devlet olarak \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r<\/li><\/ul>\"\n },\n {\n questionIcon: \"\ud83d\udc0e\",\n question: \"V. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Do\u011fu Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu hangi devletle m\u00fccadele etti?\",\n answerIcon: \"\u2694\ufe0f\",\n answer: \"<ul><li>Avrupa Hun Devleti ile m\u00fccadele etti<\/li><li>Attila liderli\u011findeki Hunlarla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya geldi<\/li><\/ul>\"\n },\n {\n questionIcon: \"\ud83d\udcdc\",\n question: \"Attila'n\u0131n Do\u011fu Roma ile imzalad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Margus Antla\u015fmas\u0131'n\u0131n \u015fartlar\u0131 nelerdi?\",\n answerIcon: \"\u270d\ufe0f\",\n answer: \"<ul><li>Bizansl\u0131lar bundan b\u00f6yle Hun ka\u00e7aklar\u0131n\u0131 kabul etmeyecekti<\/li><li>O g\u00fcne kadar s\u0131\u011f\u0131nanlar geri verilecekti<\/li><li>Bizansl\u0131lar, Hunlar\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fmanlar\u0131yla ittifak kuramayacakt\u0131<\/li><li>Hunlara ticaret hakk\u0131 tan\u0131nd\u0131<\/li><li>Do\u011fu Roma, Hunlara \u00f6denen vergiyi iki kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131karmak zorunda kald\u0131<\/li><\/ul>\"\n },\n {\n questionIcon: \"\ud83d\udca5\",\n question: \"Attila'n\u0131n Bizans'a kar\u015f\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi Balkan Seferleri ne zaman yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 neler olmu\u015ftur?\",\n answerIcon: \"\ud83d\udcc5\",\n answer: \"<ul><li>441 ve 447 y\u0131llar\u0131nda iki Balkan Seferi ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir<\/li><li>Tuna'n\u0131n g\u00fcneyindeki Do\u011fu Roma savunmas\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6kertildi<\/li><li>Hunlara kar\u015f\u0131 engel kalmad\u0131<\/li><li>Do\u011fu Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu ancak Attila'n\u0131n bat\u0131ya y\u00f6nelmesiyle varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrebildi<\/li><\/ul>\"\n },\n {\n questionIcon: \"\ud83d\udc51\",\n question: \"Do\u011fu Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu alt\u0131n \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hangi h\u00fck\u00fcmdar d\u00f6neminde ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f ve bu d\u00f6nem ne zaman ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir?\",\n answerIcon: \"\u2b50\",\n answer: \"<ul><li>I. Justinianus (Justinyanus) d\u00f6neminde ya\u015fam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r<\/li><li>527-565 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr<\/li><li>En geni\u015f s\u0131n\u0131rlara bu d\u00f6nemde ula\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r<\/li><\/ul>\"\n },\n {\n questionIcon: \"\u2696\ufe0f\",\n question: \"I. Justinianus d\u00f6nemindeki \u00f6nemli geli\u015fmeler nelerdir?\",\n answerIcon: \"\ud83d\udccb\",\n answer: \"<ul><li>\u00dclkedeki hukuk yeniden d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir<\/li><li>Kendi ad\u0131yla an\u0131lan kanunlar (Justinianus Kanunlar\u0131) haz\u0131rlat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r<\/li><li>Nika \u0130syan\u0131 (532) s\u0131ras\u0131nda yanan Ayasofya muhte\u015fem bir \u015fekilde yeniden in\u015fa ettirilmi\u015ftir<\/li><\/ul>\"\n },\n {\n questionIcon: \"\u2694\ufe0f\",\n question: \"\u0130mparator Herakleios (Herakles) d\u00f6neminde (610-641) hangi \u00f6nemli olaylar ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r?\",\n answerIcon: \"\ud83d\uddfa\ufe0f\",\n answer: \"<ul><li>Do\u011fuda uzun s\u00fcren sava\u015flar sonucunda Sasaniler Anadolu'dan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131<\/li><li>Suriye, Filistin ve M\u0131s\u0131r geri al\u0131nd\u0131<\/li><li>Arap Yar\u0131madas\u0131'ndan y\u00fckselen M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar Do\u011fu Roma'y\u0131 tehdit etmeye ba\u015flad\u0131<\/li><\/ul>\"\n },\n {\n questionIcon: \"\ud83d\udd4c\",\n question: \"Emeviler ve Abbasiler Do\u011fu Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu'na kar\u015f\u0131 ne yapm\u0131\u015f ancak ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olamam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r?\",\n answerIcon: \"\u2694\ufe0f\",\n answer: \"<ul><li>\u0130stanbul'u ku\u015fatm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r<\/li><li>Ancak Do\u011fu Roma'n\u0131n donanma g\u00fcc\u00fc sayesinde ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olamam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r<\/li><li>Do\u011fu Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu ayakta kalmay\u0131 ba\u015farm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r<\/li><\/ul>\"\n },\n {\n questionIcon: \"\ud83c\udff0\",\n question: \"Bizans \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu ne zaman ve nas\u0131l tarih sahnesinden \u00e7ekilmi\u015ftir?\",\n answerIcon: \"\ud83d\udcc5\",\n answer: \"<ul><li>1453 y\u0131l\u0131nda tarih sahnesinden \u00e7ekilmi\u015ftir<\/li><li>\u0130stanbul'un T\u00fcrkler taraf\u0131ndan fethedilmesiyle sona ermi\u015ftir<\/li><\/ul>\"\n },\n {\n questionIcon: \"\ud83d\udc51\",\n question: \"Bizans \u0130mparatoru'nun yetkileri nelerdi ve bu y\u00f6netim tarz\u0131 nereden geliyordu?\",\n answerIcon: \"\u2696\ufe0f\",\n answer: \"<ul><li>Ba\u015f kanun koyucu<\/li><li>En y\u00fcksek yarg\u0131\u00e7<\/li><li>\u0130dari otorite<\/li><li>Mali otorite<\/li><li>Askeri otorite<\/li><li>Bu otokratik y\u00f6netim eski \u015eark gelene\u011finin bir devam\u0131d\u0131r<\/li><\/ul>\"\n },\n {\n questionIcon: \"\ud83c\udfdb\ufe0f\",\n question: \"Bizans'ta senato kimlerden olu\u015fuyordu ve i\u015flevi neydi?\",\n answerIcon: \"\ud83d\udc65\",\n answer: \"<ul><li>Y\u00fcksek memurlar<\/li><li>Toprak a\u011falar\u0131<\/li><li>Zengin kimseler<\/li><li>T\u00f6rensel olarak bir araya gelirdi<\/li><\/ul>\"\n },\n {\n questionIcon: \"\u2696\ufe0f\",\n question: \"Bizans \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu hukuk alan\u0131nda hangi \u00f6nemli katk\u0131y\u0131 yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r?\",\n answerIcon: \"\ud83d\udcdc\",\n answer: \"<ul><li>Roma hukuk sistemini geli\u015ftirmi\u015ftir<\/li><li>Bu sistemi \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f d\u00fcnyaya hediye eden imparatorluk olarak tan\u0131n\u0131r<\/li><\/ul>\"\n },\n {\n questionIcon: \"\ud83d\uddfa\ufe0f\",\n question: \"Bizans'ta eyalet y\u00f6netimi nas\u0131l d\u00fczenlenmi\u015fti?\",\n answerIcon: \"\ud83d\udc64\",\n answer: \"<ul><li>Eyaletlerin ba\u015f\u0131nda bir sivil vali bulunurdu<\/li><li>Bir de askeri kumandan bulunurdu<\/li><li>Zaman zaman sava\u015flar ve ani savunma ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 nedeniyle sivil ve askeri yetkiler tek ki\u015fide birle\u015ftirildi<\/li><\/ul>\"\n },\n {\n questionIcon: \"\u2694\ufe0f\",\n question: \"Bizans ordusunun as\u0131l g\u00fcc\u00fc nereden geliyordu?\",\n answerIcon: \"\ud83d\udee1\ufe0f\",\n answer: \"<ul><li>Eyalet birlikleri olu\u015fturulmu\u015ftu<\/li><li>XI. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda ise paral\u0131 askerler ordunun asli unsuru haline gelmi\u015ftir<\/li><\/ul>\"\n },\n {\n questionIcon: \"\ud83c\udf0d\",\n question: \"Bizans ordusunda hangi farkl\u0131 etnik gruplardan askerler g\u00f6rev alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r?\",\n answerIcon: \"\ud83d\udc65\",\n answer: \"<ul><li>\u0130ngiliz<\/li><li>Frank<\/li><li>Norman<\/li><li>Bulgar<\/li><li>G\u00fcrc\u00fc<\/li><li>Pe\u00e7enek<\/li><li>K\u0131p\u00e7ak<\/li><li>Uz<\/li><\/ul>\"\n },\n {\n questionIcon: \"\ud83c\udfdb\ufe0f\",\n question: \"Bizans \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu'nda 'tema' sistemi nedir ve ne zaman uygulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r?\",\n answerIcon: \"\ud83d\udccb\",\n answer: \"<ul><li>\u0130dari ve askeri g\u00fcc\u00fc bir arada tutan y\u00f6netim birimidir<\/li><li>\u0130mparator taraf\u0131ndan atanan komutan\u0131n y\u00f6netti\u011fi sistemdir<\/li><li>VII. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan XI. y\u00fczy\u0131l ortalar\u0131na kadar uygulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r<\/li><li>\u0130dari, askeri ve sosyo-ekonomik y\u00f6netim birimlerini kar\u015f\u0131lamaktad\u0131r<\/li><li>Osmanl\u0131'daki t\u0131mar sistemine benzemektedir<\/li><\/ul>\"\n },\n {\n questionIcon: \"\ud83d\udd04\",\n question: \"Bizans'taki tema sistemi hangi Osmanl\u0131 kurumuna benzemektedir?\",\n answerIcon: \"\ud83c\udff0\",\n answer: \"<ul><li>Osmanl\u0131'daki t\u0131mar sistemine benzemektedir<\/li><li>Her iki sistem de askeri ve idari g\u00fc\u00e7leri birle\u015ftiren bir yap\u0131ya sahiptir<\/li><\/ul>\"\n },\n {\n questionIcon: \"\ud83d\udcca\",\n question: \"Orta \u00c7a\u011f'da Avrupa ile Asya'daki siyasi yap\u0131lar aras\u0131ndaki temel fark neydi?\",\n answerIcon: \"\ud83d\uddfa\ufe0f\",\n answer: \"<ul><li>Avrupa'da feodalite sistemi hakimdi<\/li><li>Asya'da (Do\u011fu Roma ve Sasani) g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc merkeziyet\u00e7i monar\u015filer vard\u0131<\/li><li>Asya'da imparatorluklar daha organize ve merkezi bir yap\u0131ya sahipti<\/li><\/ul>\"\n },\n {\n questionIcon: \"\ud83d\udca1\",\n question: \"Sasani ve Bizans ordu sistemlerinin M\u00fcsl\u00fcman devletler taraf\u0131ndan benimsenen \u00f6zellikleri nelerdir?\",\n answerIcon: \"\u2699\ufe0f\",\n answer: \"<ul><li>Sasanilerin farkl\u0131 etnik gruplara dayal\u0131 ordu sistemi<\/li><li>Onluk sistem organizasyonu<\/li><li>\u0130kta (toprak verme) sistemi<\/li><li>Merkeziyet\u00e7i askeri y\u00f6netim<\/li><\/ul>\"\n },\n {\n questionIcon: \"\ud83c\udfaf\",\n question: \"Orta \u00c7a\u011f'da b\u00fcy\u00fck imparatorluklar\u0131n (Sasani ve Bizans) y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131nda hangi fakt\u00f6rler etkili olmu\u015ftur?\",\n answerIcon: \"\ud83d\udca5\",\n answer: \"<ul><li>\u0130ki devlet aras\u0131ndaki 400 y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcrekli sava\u015flar<\/li><li>Uzun sava\u015flar nedeniyle ekonomik ve askeri g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin zay\u0131flamas\u0131<\/li><li>Yeni bir g\u00fc\u00e7 olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan \u0130slam Devleti'nin askeri ba\u015far\u0131lar\u0131<\/li><li>\u0130\u00e7 kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131klar ve y\u00f6netim sorunlar\u0131<\/li><\/ul>\"\n },\n {\n questionIcon: \"\ud83c\udf1f\",\n question: \"Orta \u00c7a\u011f'da Do\u011fu ve Bat\u0131 Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu'nun farkl\u0131 kaderlerinin nedenleri nelerdir?\",\n answerIcon: \"\ud83d\udcd6\",\n answer: \"<ul><li>Bat\u0131 Roma: 476'da Kavimler G\u00f6\u00e7\u00fc ile y\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131, feodalite ba\u015flad\u0131<\/li><li>Do\u011fu Roma: G\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc merkeziyet\u00e7i yap\u0131 sayesinde 1453'e kadar ayakta kald\u0131<\/li><li>Do\u011fu Roma'n\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc donanmas\u0131 savunmada \u00f6nemli rol oynad\u0131<\/li><li>Stratejik konum ve ekonomik g\u00fc\u00e7 Do\u011fu Roma'y\u0131 korudu<\/li><\/ul>\"\n }\n ];\n\n let currentCardIndex = 0;\n const flashcard = document.getElementById('flashcard');\n const questionIcon = document.getElementById('questionIcon');\n const questionText = document.getElementById('questionText');\n const answerIcon = document.getElementById('answerIcon');\n const answerText = document.getElementById('answerText');\n const prevBtn = document.getElementById('prevBtn');\n const nextBtn = document.getElementById('nextBtn');\n const currentCardSpan = document.getElementById('currentCard');\n const totalCardsSpan = document.getElementById('totalCards');\n const progressBar = document.getElementById('progressBar');\n\n function loadCard(index) {\n const card = flashcards[index];\n questionIcon.textContent = card.questionIcon;\n questionText.textContent = card.question;\n answerIcon.textContent = card.answerIcon;\n answerText.innerHTML = card.answer;\n \n \/\/ Kart\u0131 \u00f6n y\u00fcze \u00e7evir\n flashcard.classList.remove('flipped');\n \n \/\/ Buton durumlar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcncelle\n prevBtn.disabled = index === 0;\n nextBtn.disabled = index === flashcards.length - 1;\n \n \/\/ Saya\u00e7 ve ilerleme \u00e7ubu\u011funu g\u00fcncelle\n currentCardSpan.textContent = index + 1;\n totalCardsSpan.textContent = flashcards.length;\n const progress = ((index + 1) \/ flashcards.length) * 100;\n progressBar.style.width = progress + '%';\n }\n\n function flipCard() {\n 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g\u00f6re haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z 9. s\u0131n\u0131f tarih dersi 3. \u00fcnitesi olan Orta \u00c7a\u011f Medeniyetleri \u00fcnitesinin i\u00e7inde yer alan Orta \u00c7a\u011f\u2019daki Siyasi ve Askeri Geli\u015fmeler yaz\u0131l\u0131ya haz\u0131rl\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmam\u0131z\u0131 payla\u015f\u0131yoruz. 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