Tarih \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Kartlar\u0131<\/title>\n \n <script src=\"https:\/\/cdn.tailwindcss.com\"><\/script>\n \n <link rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https:\/\/cdnjs.cloudflare.com\/ajax\/libs\/font-awesome\/6.4.0\/css\/all.min.css\">\n \n <style>\n \/* 3D Flip Animasyonlar\u0131 i\u00e7in Gerekli CSS *\/\n .perspective-1000 {\n perspective: 1000px;\n }\n \n .transform-style-3d {\n transform-style: preserve-3d;\n }\n \n .backface-hidden {\n backface-visibility: hidden;\n -webkit-backface-visibility: hidden; \/* Safari deste\u011fi *\/\n }\n \n .rotate-y-180 {\n transform: rotateY(180deg);\n }\n\n \/* Kart\u0131n d\u00f6nme efekti *\/\n .flip-card-inner {\n position: relative;\n width: 100%;\n height: 100%;\n text-align: center;\n transition: transform 0.6s;\n transform-style: preserve-3d;\n }\n\n .flip-card-inner.flipped {\n transform: rotateY(180deg);\n }\n\n \/* Scrollbar d\u00fczenlemesi (uzun metinler i\u00e7in) *\/\n .custom-scroll::-webkit-scrollbar {\n width: 6px;\n }\n .custom-scroll::-webkit-scrollbar-track {\n background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);\n border-radius: 10px;\n }\n .custom-scroll::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb {\n background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.3);\n border-radius: 10px;\n }\n <\/style>\n<\/head>\n<body class=\"bg-gray-100 text-gray-800 font-sans min-h-screen flex flex-col items-center justify-center p-4 selection:bg-yellow-200\">\n\n \n <div class=\"w-full max-w-md flex justify-between items-center mb-4 px-2\">\n <span id=\"progress-text\" class=\"text-lg font-bold text-gray-600\">Soru 1 \/ 40<\/span>\n <button onclick=\"shuffleCards()\" class=\"text-sm bg-white border border-gray-300 px-3 py-1 rounded shadow hover:bg-gray-50 text-gray-600 transition\">\n <i class=\"fa-solid fa-shuffle mr-1\"><\/i> Kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\n <\/button>\n <\/div>\n\n \n <div class=\"w-full max-w-md h-[500px] perspective-1000 relative\">\n <div id=\"card-inner\" class=\"flip-card-inner w-full h-full shadow-2xl rounded-2xl\">\n \n \n <div id=\"card-front\" class=\"absolute w-full h-full backface-hidden rounded-2xl flex flex-col items-center justify-center p-8 text-white bg-indigo-600 transition-colors duration-500\">\n <div class=\"mb-6\">\n <i id=\"question-icon\" class=\"fa-solid fa-ship text-6xl opacity-80\"><\/i>\n <\/div>\n <h2 class=\"text-xl md:text-2xl font-bold mb-4\">SORU<\/h2>\n <p id=\"question-text\" class=\"text-lg md:text-xl font-medium leading-relaxed custom-scroll overflow-y-auto max-h-[60%] px-2\">\n Y\u00fckleniyor…\n <\/p>\n <div class=\"mt-auto pt-6\">\n <button onclick=\"flipCard()\" class=\"bg-white text-gray-800 font-bold py-3 px-8 rounded-full shadow-lg hover:scale-105 active:scale-95 transition-transform flex items-center gap-2\">\n <span>Cevab\u0131 G\u00f6ster<\/span>\n <i class=\"fa-solid fa-rotate\"><\/i>\n <\/button>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n \n <div id=\"card-back\" class=\"absolute w-full h-full backface-hidden rotate-y-180 rounded-2xl flex flex-col items-center justify-center p-8 text-white bg-gray-800\">\n <div class=\"mb-4\">\n <i class=\"fa-solid fa-circle-check text-5xl text-green-400\"><\/i>\n <\/div>\n <h2 class=\"text-xl font-bold mb-4 text-gray-200\">CEVAP<\/h2>\n <div class=\"flex-grow flex items-center justify-center w-full\">\n <p id=\"answer-text\" class=\"text-lg md:text-xl leading-relaxed custom-scroll overflow-y-auto max-h-full px-2\">\n Y\u00fckleniyor…\n <\/p>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"mt-auto pt-6 w-full\">\n <button onclick=\"nextCard()\" class=\"w-full bg-green-500 hover:bg-green-600 text-white font-bold py-3 px-6 rounded-xl shadow-lg transition flex justify-center items-center gap-2\">\n <span>S\u0131radaki Soru<\/span>\n <i class=\"fa-solid fa-arrow-right\"><\/i>\n <\/button>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n \n <div class=\"w-full max-w-md flex justify-between mt-8 gap-4\">\n <button onclick=\"prevCard()\" class=\"flex-1 bg-white border border-gray-300 text-gray-700 font-semibold py-3 rounded-xl shadow-sm hover:bg-gray-50 active:translate-y-1 transition\">\n <i class=\"fa-solid fa-chevron-left mr-2\"><\/i> \u00d6nceki\n <\/button>\n <button onclick=\"nextCard()\" class=\"flex-1 bg-blue-600 text-white font-semibold py-3 rounded-xl shadow-md hover:bg-blue-700 active:translate-y-1 transition\">\n Sonraki <i class=\"fa-solid fa-chevron-right ml-2\"><\/i>\n <\/button>\n <\/div>\n\n \n <script>\n \/\/ Veri Seti (Soru - Cevap - \u0130kon)\n const flashcards = [\n {\n q: \"XV-XVII. y\u00fczy\u0131llarda \u0130pek ve Baharat yollar\u0131n\u0131 kimler kontrol ediyordu ve bu durum Avrupal\u0131lar\u0131 neye zorlad\u0131?\",\n a: \"Osmanl\u0131 Devleti ve di\u011fer M\u00fcsl\u00fcman devletler kontrol ediyordu. Bu durum maliyetleri art\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in Avrupal\u0131lar, \u00fcr\u00fcnleri daha ucuza almak ve arac\u0131lar\u0131 devreden \u00e7\u0131karmak amac\u0131yla yeni ticaret yollar\u0131 aramaya ba\u015flad\u0131.\",\n icon: \"fa-map-location-dot\"\n },\n {\n q: \"Co\u011frafi Ke\u015fifler'in temel ekonomik nedeni nedir?\",\n a: \"Avrupal\u0131lar\u0131n, Venediklilerle M\u00fcsl\u00fcman t\u00fcccarlar\u0131n i\u015f birli\u011fini engellemek ve Do\u011fu'nun zenginliklerine (ipek, baharat) do\u011frudan ve daha ucuza ula\u015fmak istemeleridir.\",\n icon: \"fa-sack-dollar\"\n },\n {\n q: \"XV. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Avrupal\u0131lar\u0131n okyanuslara a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan teknolojik geli\u015fmeler nelerdir?\",\n a: \"Okyanus \u015fartlar\u0131na dayan\u0131kl\u0131 'Karavel' ve 'Karak' tipi gemilerin yap\u0131lmas\u0131; pusula, usturlap ve sekstant gibi y\u00f6n bulma aletlerinin geli\u015ftirilmesi ve haritac\u0131l\u0131k bilgisinin artmas\u0131.\",\n icon: \"fa-compass-drafting\"\n },\n {\n q: \"Co\u011frafi Ke\u015fifler'i ba\u015flatan ilk devlet hangisidir ve \u00f6nc\u00fcs\u00fc kimdir?\",\n a: \"Portekiz ba\u015flatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6nc\u00fcs\u00fc ise Afrika k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131na y\u00f6nelik ke\u015fifleri ba\u015flatan 'Denizci Henri' olarak bilinen Prens Henrique'dir.\",\n icon: \"fa-flag\"\n },\n {\n q: \"\u00dcmit Burnu'nu kim, ne zaman ke\u015ffetti ve bu ke\u015fif neyi sa\u011flad\u0131?\",\n a: \"Bartolomeu Dias ke\u015ffetti. Bu ke\u015fif Afrika'n\u0131n g\u00fcney ucunun dola\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayarak Hindistan'a giden deniz yolunun kap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 aralad\u0131.\",\n icon: \"fa-location-arrow\"\n },\n {\n q: \"Hindistan'\u0131n Kalikut Liman\u0131'na ula\u015farak baharat ticaretinde Portekiz \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ba\u015flatan denizci kimdir?\",\n a: \"Vasco da Gama (1498).\",\n icon: \"fa-pepper-hot\"\n },\n {\n q: \"1500 y\u0131l\u0131nda Brezilya'ya ula\u015farak buray\u0131 Portekiz topra\u011f\u0131 ilan eden denizci kimdir?\",\n a: \"Pedro Alvares Cabral.\",\n icon: \"fa-globe-americas\"\n },\n {\n q: \"Portekizliler, stratejik \u00f6neme sahip hangi bo\u011faz\u0131 ne zaman ele ge\u00e7irdiler?\",\n a: \"Malakka Bo\u011faz\u0131'n\u0131 1511'de ele ge\u00e7irdiler.\",\n icon: \"fa-key\"\n },\n {\n q: \"Portekizliler, \u00c7in ile ticaret yapmak i\u00e7in hangi b\u00f6lgeyi \u00fcs olarak kullanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r?\",\n a: \"Makao (1554'ten itibaren).\",\n icon: \"fa-warehouse\"\n },\n {\n q: \"Portekiz Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131 ke\u015ffetti\u011fi topraklarda kurdu\u011fu koloniler sayesinde neye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc?\",\n a: \"B\u00fcy\u00fck bir s\u00f6m\u00fcrge imparatorlu\u011funa d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.\",\n icon: \"fa-crown\"\n },\n {\n q: \"Portekiz'in ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131 hangi Avrupal\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7leri harekete ge\u00e7irdi?\",\n a: \"\u0130spanya, Hollanda, Fransa ve \u0130ngiltere.\",\n icon: \"fa-users\"\n },\n {\n q: \"Amerika k\u0131tas\u0131n\u0131 Hindistan zannederek ke\u015ffeden \u0130spanyol denizci kimdir?\",\n a: \"Kristof Kolomb.\",\n icon: \"fa-sailboat\"\n },\n {\n q: \"\u0130spanyollar\u0131n Amerika k\u0131tas\u0131ndaki ke\u015fifleri sonucunda hangi b\u00fcy\u00fck medeniyetler y\u0131k\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r?\",\n a: \"\u0130nka ve Aztek medeniyetleri y\u0131k\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, yerli halk\u0131n alt\u0131n ve g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f kaynaklar\u0131 s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.\",\n icon: \"fa-skull\"\n },\n {\n q: \"\u0130spanya, Amerika'dan s\u00f6m\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc hangi kaynaklar sayesinde Avrupa'n\u0131n en zengin krall\u0131\u011f\u0131 haline geldi?\",\n a: \"Alt\u0131n ve g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f.\",\n icon: \"fa-coins\"\n },\n {\n q: \"Co\u011frafi Ke\u015fifler sonucunda ticaret yollar\u0131 ve limanlar\u0131n \u00f6nemi nas\u0131l de\u011fi\u015fti?\",\n a: \"Ticaret yollar\u0131 y\u00f6n de\u011fi\u015ftirdi. Atlas Okyanusu limanlar\u0131 \u00f6nem kazan\u0131rken, Akdeniz limanlar\u0131 \u00f6nemini kaybetti.\",\n icon: \"fa-anchor\"\n },\n {\n q: \"Co\u011frafi Ke\u015fifler Osmanl\u0131 Devleti'nin ekonomisini nas\u0131l etkilemi\u015ftir?\",\n a: \"\u0130pek ve Baharat yollar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemini yitirmesiyle g\u00fcmr\u00fck gelirleri azald\u0131, bu da ekonomide gerilemeye neden oldu.\",\n icon: \"fa-arrow-trend-down\"\n },\n {\n q: \"Hollanda'n\u0131n s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilik faaliyetlerini y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve Asya baharat ticaretini ele ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi kurulu\u015fun ad\u0131 nedir?\",\n a: \"Hollanda Do\u011fu Hindistan \u015eirketi.\",\n icon: \"fa-building-columns\"\n },\n {\n q: \"Fransa s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilik faaliyetlerinde hangi b\u00f6lgelerde koloniler kurdu ve hangi \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin ticaretini yapt\u0131?\",\n a: \"Amerika, Afrika ve Asya'da koloniler kurdu; baharat, \u015feker kam\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve k\u00fcrk ticareti yapt\u0131.\",\n icon: \"fa-leaf\"\n },\n {\n q: \"Hangi \u00fclke i\u00e7in '\u00fczerinde g\u00fcne\u015f batmayan imparatorluk' tabiri kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ve s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecili\u011finin merkezi neresidir?\",\n a: \"\u0130ngiltere. Merkezi ise \u0130ngiliz Do\u011fu Hindistan \u015eirketi'dir.\",\n icon: \"fa-sun\"\n },\n {\n q: \"\u0130ngilizler Avrupa ekonomisinde b\u00fcy\u00fck bir g\u00fc\u00e7 haline gelirken ticari olarak hangi alanda da aktif rol oynad\u0131lar?\",\n a: \"K\u00f6le ticaretinde.\",\n icon: \"fa-shackles\"\n },\n {\n q: \"Atlantik K\u00f6le Ticareti'nin ba\u015flamas\u0131n\u0131n temel sebebi nedir?\",\n a: \"Amerika'daki yerli n\u00fcfusun salg\u0131n hastal\u0131klar ve a\u011f\u0131r \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131 nedeniyle azalmas\u0131 \u00fczerine, i\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fc ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamak i\u00e7in Afrika'dan k\u00f6le getirilmeye ba\u015flanmas\u0131d\u0131r.\",\n icon: \"fa-people-carry-box\"\n },\n {\n q: \"1518'de Afrika'dan k\u00f6le ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 resmen yasalla\u015ft\u0131ran h\u00fck\u00fcmdar kimdir?\",\n a: \"\u0130spanyol Kral\u0131 V. Charles.\",\n icon: \"fa-user-tie\"\n },\n {\n q: \"K\u00f6le ticaretini y\u00f6neten \u0130ngiliz, Hollandal\u0131 ve Frans\u0131z \u015firketler hangileridir?\",\n a: \"\u0130ngiltere: Royal African Company, Hollanda: West India Company, Fransa: Compagnie du S\u00e9n\u00e9gal.\",\n icon: \"fa-ship\"\n },\n {\n q: \"Atlantik k\u00f6le ticareti ne zaman b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde sona erdi ve BM taraf\u0131ndan anma g\u00fcn\u00fc olarak hangi tarih belirlendi?\",\n a: \"XIX. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ortalar\u0131nda sona erdi. Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler 25 Mart'\u0131 'Uluslararas\u0131 K\u00f6lelik ve Transatlantik K\u00f6le Ticareti Ma\u011fdurlar\u0131n\u0131 Anma G\u00fcn\u00fc' ilan etti.\",\n icon: \"fa-calendar-day\"\n },\n {\n q: \"R\u00f6nesans ne anlama gelir ve hangi d\u00f6nemde nerede ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r?\",\n a: \"Kelime anlam\u0131 'Yeniden Do\u011fu\u015f'tur. XV-XVI. y\u00fczy\u0131llarda \u0130talya'da ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f ve Avrupa'ya yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\",\n icon: \"fa-palette\"\n },\n {\n q: \"R\u00f6nesans'\u0131n temel d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce yap\u0131s\u0131 olan H\u00fcmanizm neyi savunur?\",\n a: \"Toplum veya kilise yerine 'insan\u0131' merkeze almay\u0131; Antik Yunan ve Roma k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcne d\u00f6nerek akl\u0131 ve bilimi rehber edinmeyi savunur.\",\n icon: \"fa-brain\"\n },\n {\n q: \"R\u00f6nesans'\u0131n \u0130talya'da ba\u015flamas\u0131nda etkili olan, sanat\u0131 ve sanat\u00e7\u0131y\u0131 koruyan s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n ad\u0131 nedir?\",\n a: \"Mesen S\u0131n\u0131f\u0131. (\u00d6rne\u011fin Floransa'daki Medici Ailesi).\",\n icon: \"fa-masks-theater\"\n },\n {\n q: \"R\u00f6nesans sanat\u0131n\u0131n temel \u00f6zellikleri nelerdir?\",\n a: \"\u0130nsan\u00fcst\u00fc dinsellik yerine idealle\u015ftirilmi\u015f insan fig\u00fcrleri, perspektif kullan\u0131m\u0131, din d\u0131\u015f\u0131 konular (mitoloji, portre) ve sivil mimarinin (saraylar) \u00f6nem kazanmas\u0131.\",\n icon: \"fa-paintbrush\"\n },\n {\n q: \"R\u00f6nesans'\u0131n ve bilginin yay\u0131lmas\u0131nda en etkili olan icat nedir ve kim geli\u015ftirmi\u015ftir?\",\n a: \"Matbaa (Hareketli harf bask\u0131 sistemi). 1450 y\u0131l\u0131nda Johannes Gutenberg taraf\u0131ndan geli\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir.\",\n icon: \"fa-print\"\n },\n {\n q: \"Matbaan\u0131n bulunmas\u0131 toplumsal a\u00e7\u0131dan nas\u0131l bir de\u011fi\u015fime yol a\u00e7t\u0131?\",\n a: \"Kitap bas\u0131m\u0131 h\u0131zland\u0131 ve ucuzlad\u0131. Okuma-yazma sadece din adamlar\u0131n\u0131n ayr\u0131cal\u0131\u011f\u0131 olmaktan \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p t\u00fcm topluma yay\u0131ld\u0131.\",\n icon: \"fa-book-open\"\n },\n {\n q: \"R\u00f6nesans d\u00f6neminde feodal yap\u0131lar\u0131n y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131yla hangi siyasi y\u00f6netim bi\u00e7imi g\u00fc\u00e7lendi?\",\n a: \"Mutlak monar\u015filer (g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc krall\u0131klar) g\u00fc\u00e7lendi.\",\n icon: \"fa-chess-rook\"\n },\n {\n q: \"T\u00fcccarlar neden merkezi y\u00f6netimi g\u00fc\u00e7lendiren krallar\u0131 desteklediler?\",\n a: \"Ticari faaliyetlerini g\u00fcvenle s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmek istedikleri i\u00e7in.\",\n icon: \"fa-hand-holding-dollar\"\n },\n {\n q: \"R\u00f6nesans d\u00f6neminde 'Prens' adl\u0131 eserinde g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 savunan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr kimdir?\",\n a: \"Floransal\u0131 Niccolo Machiavelli.\",\n icon: \"fa-book-open-reader\"\n },\n {\n q: \"Reform hareketlerini kim, nerede ve nas\u0131l ba\u015flatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r?\",\n a: \"Martin Luther, 1517'de Almanya'da (Wittenberg Kilisesi), kilisenin kap\u0131s\u0131na 95 maddelik bir bildiri asarak ba\u015flatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\",\n icon: \"fa-scroll\"\n },\n {\n q: \"Martin Luther'in Katolik Kilisesi'ne kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kma nedeni neydi?\",\n a: \"Kilisenin bozulmas\u0131, \u00f6zellikle 'End\u00fcljans' (para kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcnah \u00e7\u0131karma\/cennetten yer satma) uygulamas\u0131na ve Papa'n\u0131n otoritesine kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\",\n icon: \"fa-church\"\n },\n {\n q: \"Almanya'da Protestanl\u0131k mezhebinin resmen tan\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 antla\u015fma hangisidir?\",\n a: \"1555 Augsburg Bar\u0131\u015f\u0131.\",\n icon: \"fa-handshake\"\n },\n {\n q: \"Reform sonras\u0131 Avrupa'da ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan yeni mezhepler nelerdir?\",\n a: \"Almanya'da Lutheryenizm, Fransa ve \u0130svi\u00e7re'de Kalvenizm, \u0130ngiltere'de Anglikanizm.\",\n icon: \"fa-users-rays\"\n },\n {\n q: \"Avrupa'daki mezhep sava\u015flar\u0131 (Otuz Y\u0131l Sava\u015flar\u0131) hangi antla\u015fma ile sona ermi\u015ftir?\",\n a: \"1648 Westphalia Antla\u015fmas\u0131.\",\n icon: \"fa-file-signature\"\n },\n {\n q: \"Westphalia Antla\u015fmas\u0131'n\u0131n uluslararas\u0131 ili\u015fkiler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemi nedir?\",\n a: \"Modern diplomasinin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 say\u0131l\u0131r. Devletlerin egemenli\u011finin dini otoriteden (Papal\u0131k'tan) ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z oldu\u011fu kabul edilmi\u015ftir.\",\n icon: \"fa-scale-balanced\"\n },\n {\n q: \"Reform hareketleri Osmanl\u0131 Devleti'ndeki Hristiyan halk\u0131 neden olumsuz etkilemedi?\",\n a: \"\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Osmanl\u0131'da ya\u015fayan Hristiyanlar zaten geni\u015f bir din ve vicdan \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne sahipti, Kilise bask\u0131s\u0131 alt\u0131nda de\u011fillerdi.\",\n icon: \"fa-star-and-crescent\"\n }\n ];\n\n \/\/ Renk Paleti (Canl\u0131 renkler)\n const colors = [\n 'bg-indigo-600',\n 'bg-rose-600',\n 'bg-emerald-600',\n 'bg-amber-600',\n 'bg-cyan-700',\n 'bg-fuchsia-700',\n 'bg-orange-600',\n 'bg-blue-700'\n ];\n\n \/\/ Durum De\u011fi\u015fkenleri\n let currentIndex = 0;\n let isFlipped = false;\n\n \/\/ DOM Elementleri\n const cardInner = document.getElementById('card-inner');\n const cardFront = document.getElementById('card-front');\n const questionText = document.getElementById('question-text');\n const answerText = document.getElementById('answer-text');\n const progressText = document.getElementById('progress-text');\n const questionIcon = document.getElementById('question-icon');\n\n \/\/ Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 Fonksiyonu\n function init() {\n renderCard();\n }\n\n \/\/ Kart\u0131 Render Et\n function renderCard() {\n const currentCard = flashcards[currentIndex];\n \n \/\/ \u0130\u00e7eri\u011fi g\u00fcncelle\n questionText.textContent = currentCard.q;\n answerText.textContent = currentCard.a;\n progressText.textContent = `Soru ${currentIndex + 1} \/ ${flashcards.length}`;\n \n \/\/ \u0130konu g\u00fcncelle\n questionIcon.className = `fa-solid ${currentCard.icon} text-6xl opacity-80`;\n\n \/\/ Rengi g\u00fcncelle (D\u00f6ng\u00fcsel olarak listeden se\u00e7)\n const colorClass = colors[currentIndex % colors.length];\n \/\/ \u00d6nceki renkleri temizle (bg- ile ba\u015flayanlar\u0131)\n cardFront.className = cardFront.className.replace(\/\\bbg-\\w+-\\d+\/g, \"\");\n \/\/ Yeni rengi ekle\n cardFront.classList.add(colorClass);\n\n \/\/ Kart \u00e7evrilmi\u015fse d\u00fczelt\n if (isFlipped) {\n cardInner.classList.remove('flipped');\n isFlipped = false;\n }\n }\n\n \/\/ Kart\u0131 \u00c7evir\n window.flipCard = function() {\n cardInner.classList.toggle('flipped');\n isFlipped = !isFlipped;\n };\n\n \/\/ Sonraki Kart\n window.nextCard = function() {\n if (currentIndex < flashcards.length - 1) {\n \/\/ E\u011fer kart arkas\u0131 d\u00f6n\u00fckse, \u00f6nce d\u00fczelt, sonra i\u00e7eri\u011fi de\u011fi\u015ftir\n if (isFlipped) {\n cardInner.classList.remove('flipped');\n isFlipped = false;\n setTimeout(() => {\n currentIndex++;\n renderCard();\n }, 300); \/\/ D\u00f6nme animasyonu bitince i\u00e7eri\u011fi de\u011fi\u015ftir\n } else {\n currentIndex++;\n renderCard();\n }\n } else {\n alert(\"Tebrikler! T\u00fcm kartlar\u0131 tamamlad\u0131n\u0131z.\");\n }\n };\n\n \/\/ \u00d6nceki Kart\n window.prevCard = function() {\n if (currentIndex > 0) {\n if (isFlipped) {\n cardInner.classList.remove('flipped');\n isFlipped = false;\n setTimeout(() => {\n currentIndex--;\n renderCard();\n }, 300);\n } else {\n currentIndex--;\n renderCard();\n }\n }\n };\n\n \/\/ Kartlar\u0131 Kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\n window.shuffleCards = function() {\n \/\/ Fisher-Yates algoritmas\u0131 ile kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma\n for (let i = flashcards.length - 1; i > 0; i--) {\n const j = Math.floor(Math.random() * (i + 1));\n [flashcards[i], flashcards[j]] = [flashcards[j], flashcards[i]];\n }\n currentIndex = 0;\n if(isFlipped) {\n cardInner.classList.remove('flipped');\n isFlipped = false;\n setTimeout(renderCard, 300);\n } else {\n renderCard();\n }\n };\n\n \/\/ Klavye Kontrolleri (Opsiyonel Kullan\u0131labilirlik)\n document.addEventListener('keydown', (e) => {\n if (e.code === 'Space' || e.code === 'Enter') {\n flipCard();\n } else if (e.code === 'ArrowRight') {\n nextCard();\n } else if (e.code === 'ArrowLeft') {\n prevCard();\n }\n });\n\n \/\/ Uygulamay\u0131 ba\u015flat\n init();\n\n <\/script>\n<\/body>\n<\/html>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<div class=\"mh-excerpt\"><p>Bu yaz\u0131m\u0131zda g\u00fcncel m\u00fcfredata g\u00f6re haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z 10. s\u0131n\u0131f tarih dersi 3. \u00fcnitesi olan Cihan Devleti Osmanl\u0131 (1453-1683) \u00fcnitesinin i\u00e7inde yer alan Avrupal\u0131lar\u0131n S\u00f6m\u00fcrgeci Politikalar\u0131 yaz\u0131l\u0131ya haz\u0131rl\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmam\u0131z\u0131 payla\u015f\u0131yoruz. Avrupal\u0131lar\u0131n S\u00f6m\u00fcrgeci Politikalar\u0131 online <a class=\"mh-excerpt-more\" href=\"https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/index.php\/2026\/04\/16\/avrupalilarin-somurgeci-politikalari-hazirlik-soru-cevap-flashcart\/\" title=\"Avrupal\u0131lar\u0131n S\u00f6m\u00fcrgeci Politikalar\u0131 Haz\u0131rl\u0131k Soru-Cevap (flashcart)\">[…]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":2819,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_regular_price":[],"currency_symbol":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[151,114],"tags":[315,5,311],"class_list":["post-3193","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-10-sinif-tarih-2","category-10-sinif-tarih-soru-cevap","tag-10-sinif-flashcard","tag-10-sinif-tarih","tag-10-sinif-tarih-karti"],"post_slider_layout_featured_media_urls":{"thumbnail":["https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/FLASHCARD-150x150.png",150,150,true],"post_slider_layout_landscape_large":["https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/FLASHCARD-1200x800.png",1200,800,true],"post_slider_layout_portrait_large":["https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/FLASHCARD-1200x1080.png",1200,1080,true],"post_slider_layout_square_large":["https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/FLASHCARD-1200x1080.png",1200,1080,true],"post_slider_layout_landscape":["https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/FLASHCARD-600x400.png",600,400,true],"post_slider_layout_portrait":["https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/FLASHCARD-600x900.png",600,900,true],"post_slider_layout_square":["https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/FLASHCARD-600x600.png",600,600,true],"full":["https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/FLASHCARD.png",1920,1080,false]},"yoast_head":"\n<title>Avrupal\u0131lar\u0131n S\u00f6m\u00fcrgeci Politikalar\u0131 Haz\u0131rl\u0131k Soru-Cevap (flashcart) - 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{"id":3193,"date":"2026-04-16T13:33:41","date_gmt":"2026-04-16T10:33:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/?p=3193"},"modified":"2025-11-24T13:38:42","modified_gmt":"2025-11-24T10:38:42","slug":"avrupalilarin-somurgeci-politikalari-hazirlik-soru-cevap-flashcart","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/index.php\/2026\/04\/16\/avrupalilarin-somurgeci-politikalari-hazirlik-soru-cevap-flashcart\/","title":{"rendered":"Avrupal\u0131lar\u0131n S\u00f6m\u00fcrgeci Politikalar\u0131 Haz\u0131rl\u0131k Soru-Cevap (flashcart)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu yaz\u0131m\u0131zda g\u00fcncel m\u00fcfredata g\u00f6re haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z 10. s\u0131n\u0131f tarih dersi 3. \u00fcnitesi <\/strong>olan Cihan Devleti Osmanl\u0131 (1453-1683) <\/strong>\u00fcnitesinin i\u00e7inde yer alan Avrupal\u0131lar\u0131n S\u00f6m\u00fcrgeci Politikalar\u0131 <\/strong>yaz\u0131l\u0131ya haz\u0131rl\u0131k <\/strong>\u00e7al\u0131\u015fmam\u0131z\u0131 payla\u015f\u0131yoruz. Avrupal\u0131lar\u0131n S\u00f6m\u00fcrgeci Politikalar\u0131 <\/strong>online soru-cevap<\/strong> \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmam\u0131z sayesinde tarih dersi yaz\u0131l\u0131lar\u0131<\/strong>na tam olarak haz\u0131rlanacaks\u0131n\u0131z. 10. s\u0131n\u0131f <\/strong>tarih yaz\u0131l\u0131<\/strong>ya haz\u0131rl\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131m\u0131z sayesinde derslerde daha ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olacaks\u0131n\u0131z. Maarif modeline <\/strong>uygun olarak haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z Avrupal\u0131lar\u0131n S\u00f6m\u00fcrgeci Politikalar\u0131 <\/strong>flash cart<\/strong> \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmam\u0131z a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki konular\u0131 kapsamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ders: 10. s\u0131n\u0131f tarih<\/strong> kart\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dcnite: 10. s\u0131n\u0131f tarih 3. \u00dcnite: Cihan Devleti Osmanl\u0131 (1453-1683) tarih kart\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6\u011frenme \u00c7\u0131kt\u0131s\u0131\/ kazan\u0131m: Avrupal\u0131lar\u0131n S\u00f6m\u00fcrgeci Politikalar\u0131 yaz\u0131l\u0131 sorular\u0131<\/strong> \u0130lgili yaz\u0131l\u0131: 10. s\u0131n\u0131f tarih 2. d\u00f6nem 2. Yaz\u0131l\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Avrupal\u0131lar\u0131n S\u00f6m\u00fcrgeci Politikalar\u0131<\/h2>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n \n \n Tarih \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Kartlar\u0131<\/title>\n \n <script src=\"https:\/\/cdn.tailwindcss.com\"><\/script>\n \n <link rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https:\/\/cdnjs.cloudflare.com\/ajax\/libs\/font-awesome\/6.4.0\/css\/all.min.css\">\n \n <style>\n \/* 3D Flip Animasyonlar\u0131 i\u00e7in Gerekli CSS \/\n .perspective-1000 {\n perspective: 1000px;\n }\n \n .transform-style-3d {\n transform-style: preserve-3d;\n }\n \n .backface-hidden {\n backface-visibility: hidden;\n -webkit-backface-visibility: hidden; \/ Safari deste\u011fi \/\n }\n \n .rotate-y-180 {\n transform: rotateY(180deg);\n }\n\n \/ Kart\u0131n d\u00f6nme efekti \/\n .flip-card-inner {\n position: relative;\n width: 100%;\n height: 100%;\n text-align: center;\n transition: transform 0.6s;\n transform-style: preserve-3d;\n }\n\n .flip-card-inner.flipped {\n transform: rotateY(180deg);\n }\n\n \/ Scrollbar d\u00fczenlemesi (uzun metinler i\u00e7in) \/\n .custom-scroll::-webkit-scrollbar {\n width: 6px;\n }\n .custom-scroll::-webkit-scrollbar-track {\n background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);\n border-radius: 10px;\n }\n .custom-scroll::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb {\n background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.3);\n border-radius: 10px;\n }\n <\/style>\n<\/head>\n<body class=\"bg-gray-100 text-gray-800 font-sans min-h-screen flex flex-col items-center justify-center p-4 selection:bg-yellow-200\">\n\n \n <div class=\"w-full max-w-md flex justify-between items-center mb-4 px-2\">\n <span id=\"progress-text\" class=\"text-lg font-bold text-gray-600\">Soru 1 \/ 40<\/span>\n <button onclick=\"shuffleCards()\" class=\"text-sm bg-white border border-gray-300 px-3 py-1 rounded shadow hover:bg-gray-50 text-gray-600 transition\">\n <i class=\"fa-solid fa-shuffle mr-1\"><\/i> Kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\n <\/button>\n <\/div>\n\n \n <div class=\"w-full max-w-md h-[500px] perspective-1000 relative\">\n <div id=\"card-inner\" class=\"flip-card-inner w-full h-full shadow-2xl rounded-2xl\">\n \n \n <div id=\"card-front\" class=\"absolute w-full h-full backface-hidden rounded-2xl flex flex-col items-center justify-center p-8 text-white bg-indigo-600 transition-colors duration-500\">\n <div class=\"mb-6\">\n <i id=\"question-icon\" class=\"fa-solid fa-ship text-6xl opacity-80\"><\/i>\n <\/div>\n <h2 class=\"text-xl md:text-2xl font-bold mb-4\">SORU<\/h2>\n <p id=\"question-text\" class=\"text-lg md:text-xl font-medium leading-relaxed custom-scroll overflow-y-auto max-h-[60%] px-2\">\n Y\u00fckleniyor…\n <\/p>\n <div class=\"mt-auto pt-6\">\n <button onclick=\"flipCard()\" class=\"bg-white text-gray-800 font-bold py-3 px-8 rounded-full shadow-lg hover:scale-105 active:scale-95 transition-transform flex items-center gap-2\">\n <span>Cevab\u0131 G\u00f6ster<\/span>\n <i class=\"fa-solid fa-rotate\"><\/i>\n <\/button>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n \n <div id=\"card-back\" class=\"absolute w-full h-full backface-hidden rotate-y-180 rounded-2xl flex flex-col items-center justify-center p-8 text-white bg-gray-800\">\n <div class=\"mb-4\">\n <i class=\"fa-solid fa-circle-check text-5xl text-green-400\"><\/i>\n <\/div>\n <h2 class=\"text-xl font-bold mb-4 text-gray-200\">CEVAP<\/h2>\n <div class=\"flex-grow flex items-center justify-center w-full\">\n <p id=\"answer-text\" class=\"text-lg md:text-xl leading-relaxed custom-scroll overflow-y-auto max-h-full px-2\">\n Y\u00fckleniyor…\n <\/p>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"mt-auto pt-6 w-full\">\n <button onclick=\"nextCard()\" class=\"w-full bg-green-500 hover:bg-green-600 text-white font-bold py-3 px-6 rounded-xl shadow-lg transition flex justify-center items-center gap-2\">\n <span>S\u0131radaki Soru<\/span>\n <i class=\"fa-solid fa-arrow-right\"><\/i>\n <\/button>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n \n <div class=\"w-full max-w-md flex justify-between mt-8 gap-4\">\n <button onclick=\"prevCard()\" class=\"flex-1 bg-white border border-gray-300 text-gray-700 font-semibold py-3 rounded-xl shadow-sm hover:bg-gray-50 active:translate-y-1 transition\">\n <i class=\"fa-solid fa-chevron-left mr-2\"><\/i> \u00d6nceki\n <\/button>\n <button onclick=\"nextCard()\" class=\"flex-1 bg-blue-600 text-white font-semibold py-3 rounded-xl shadow-md hover:bg-blue-700 active:translate-y-1 transition\">\n Sonraki <i class=\"fa-solid fa-chevron-right ml-2\"><\/i>\n <\/button>\n <\/div>\n\n \n <script>\n \/\/ Veri Seti (Soru - Cevap - \u0130kon)\n const flashcards = [\n {\n q: \"XV-XVII. y\u00fczy\u0131llarda \u0130pek ve Baharat yollar\u0131n\u0131 kimler kontrol ediyordu ve bu durum Avrupal\u0131lar\u0131 neye zorlad\u0131?\",\n a: \"Osmanl\u0131 Devleti ve di\u011fer M\u00fcsl\u00fcman devletler kontrol ediyordu. Bu durum maliyetleri art\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in Avrupal\u0131lar, \u00fcr\u00fcnleri daha ucuza almak ve arac\u0131lar\u0131 devreden \u00e7\u0131karmak amac\u0131yla yeni ticaret yollar\u0131 aramaya ba\u015flad\u0131.\",\n icon: \"fa-map-location-dot\"\n },\n {\n q: \"Co\u011frafi Ke\u015fifler'in temel ekonomik nedeni nedir?\",\n a: \"Avrupal\u0131lar\u0131n, Venediklilerle M\u00fcsl\u00fcman t\u00fcccarlar\u0131n i\u015f birli\u011fini engellemek ve Do\u011fu'nun zenginliklerine (ipek, baharat) do\u011frudan ve daha ucuza ula\u015fmak istemeleridir.\",\n icon: \"fa-sack-dollar\"\n },\n {\n q: \"XV. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Avrupal\u0131lar\u0131n okyanuslara a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan teknolojik geli\u015fmeler nelerdir?\",\n a: \"Okyanus \u015fartlar\u0131na dayan\u0131kl\u0131 'Karavel' ve 'Karak' tipi gemilerin yap\u0131lmas\u0131; pusula, usturlap ve sekstant gibi y\u00f6n bulma aletlerinin geli\u015ftirilmesi ve haritac\u0131l\u0131k bilgisinin artmas\u0131.\",\n icon: \"fa-compass-drafting\"\n },\n {\n q: \"Co\u011frafi Ke\u015fifler'i ba\u015flatan ilk devlet hangisidir ve \u00f6nc\u00fcs\u00fc kimdir?\",\n a: \"Portekiz ba\u015flatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6nc\u00fcs\u00fc ise Afrika k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131na y\u00f6nelik ke\u015fifleri ba\u015flatan 'Denizci Henri' olarak bilinen Prens Henrique'dir.\",\n icon: \"fa-flag\"\n },\n {\n q: \"\u00dcmit Burnu'nu kim, ne zaman ke\u015ffetti ve bu ke\u015fif neyi sa\u011flad\u0131?\",\n a: \"Bartolomeu Dias ke\u015ffetti. Bu ke\u015fif Afrika'n\u0131n g\u00fcney ucunun dola\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayarak Hindistan'a giden deniz yolunun kap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 aralad\u0131.\",\n icon: \"fa-location-arrow\"\n },\n {\n q: \"Hindistan'\u0131n Kalikut Liman\u0131'na ula\u015farak baharat ticaretinde Portekiz \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ba\u015flatan denizci kimdir?\",\n a: \"Vasco da Gama (1498).\",\n icon: \"fa-pepper-hot\"\n },\n {\n q: \"1500 y\u0131l\u0131nda Brezilya'ya ula\u015farak buray\u0131 Portekiz topra\u011f\u0131 ilan eden denizci kimdir?\",\n a: \"Pedro Alvares Cabral.\",\n icon: \"fa-globe-americas\"\n },\n {\n q: \"Portekizliler, stratejik \u00f6neme sahip hangi bo\u011faz\u0131 ne zaman ele ge\u00e7irdiler?\",\n a: \"Malakka Bo\u011faz\u0131'n\u0131 1511'de ele ge\u00e7irdiler.\",\n icon: \"fa-key\"\n },\n {\n q: \"Portekizliler, \u00c7in ile ticaret yapmak i\u00e7in hangi b\u00f6lgeyi \u00fcs olarak kullanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r?\",\n a: \"Makao (1554'ten itibaren).\",\n icon: \"fa-warehouse\"\n },\n {\n q: \"Portekiz Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131 ke\u015ffetti\u011fi topraklarda kurdu\u011fu koloniler sayesinde neye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc?\",\n a: \"B\u00fcy\u00fck bir s\u00f6m\u00fcrge imparatorlu\u011funa d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.\",\n icon: \"fa-crown\"\n },\n {\n q: \"Portekiz'in ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131 hangi Avrupal\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7leri harekete ge\u00e7irdi?\",\n a: \"\u0130spanya, Hollanda, Fransa ve \u0130ngiltere.\",\n icon: \"fa-users\"\n },\n {\n q: \"Amerika k\u0131tas\u0131n\u0131 Hindistan zannederek ke\u015ffeden \u0130spanyol denizci kimdir?\",\n a: \"Kristof Kolomb.\",\n icon: \"fa-sailboat\"\n },\n {\n q: \"\u0130spanyollar\u0131n Amerika k\u0131tas\u0131ndaki ke\u015fifleri sonucunda hangi b\u00fcy\u00fck medeniyetler y\u0131k\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r?\",\n a: \"\u0130nka ve Aztek medeniyetleri y\u0131k\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, yerli halk\u0131n alt\u0131n ve g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f kaynaklar\u0131 s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.\",\n icon: \"fa-skull\"\n },\n {\n q: \"\u0130spanya, Amerika'dan s\u00f6m\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc hangi kaynaklar sayesinde Avrupa'n\u0131n en zengin krall\u0131\u011f\u0131 haline geldi?\",\n a: \"Alt\u0131n ve g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f.\",\n icon: \"fa-coins\"\n },\n {\n q: \"Co\u011frafi Ke\u015fifler sonucunda ticaret yollar\u0131 ve limanlar\u0131n \u00f6nemi nas\u0131l de\u011fi\u015fti?\",\n a: \"Ticaret yollar\u0131 y\u00f6n de\u011fi\u015ftirdi. Atlas Okyanusu limanlar\u0131 \u00f6nem kazan\u0131rken, Akdeniz limanlar\u0131 \u00f6nemini kaybetti.\",\n icon: \"fa-anchor\"\n },\n {\n q: \"Co\u011frafi Ke\u015fifler Osmanl\u0131 Devleti'nin ekonomisini nas\u0131l etkilemi\u015ftir?\",\n a: \"\u0130pek ve Baharat yollar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemini yitirmesiyle g\u00fcmr\u00fck gelirleri azald\u0131, bu da ekonomide gerilemeye neden oldu.\",\n icon: \"fa-arrow-trend-down\"\n },\n {\n q: \"Hollanda'n\u0131n s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilik faaliyetlerini y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve Asya baharat ticaretini ele ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi kurulu\u015fun ad\u0131 nedir?\",\n a: \"Hollanda Do\u011fu Hindistan \u015eirketi.\",\n icon: \"fa-building-columns\"\n },\n {\n q: \"Fransa s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilik faaliyetlerinde hangi b\u00f6lgelerde koloniler kurdu ve hangi \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin ticaretini yapt\u0131?\",\n a: \"Amerika, Afrika ve Asya'da koloniler kurdu; baharat, \u015feker kam\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve k\u00fcrk ticareti yapt\u0131.\",\n icon: \"fa-leaf\"\n },\n {\n q: \"Hangi \u00fclke i\u00e7in '\u00fczerinde g\u00fcne\u015f batmayan imparatorluk' tabiri kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ve s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecili\u011finin merkezi neresidir?\",\n a: \"\u0130ngiltere. Merkezi ise \u0130ngiliz Do\u011fu Hindistan \u015eirketi'dir.\",\n icon: \"fa-sun\"\n },\n {\n q: \"\u0130ngilizler Avrupa ekonomisinde b\u00fcy\u00fck bir g\u00fc\u00e7 haline gelirken ticari olarak hangi alanda da aktif rol oynad\u0131lar?\",\n a: \"K\u00f6le ticaretinde.\",\n icon: \"fa-shackles\"\n },\n {\n q: \"Atlantik K\u00f6le Ticareti'nin ba\u015flamas\u0131n\u0131n temel sebebi nedir?\",\n a: \"Amerika'daki yerli n\u00fcfusun salg\u0131n hastal\u0131klar ve a\u011f\u0131r \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131 nedeniyle azalmas\u0131 \u00fczerine, i\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fc ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamak i\u00e7in Afrika'dan k\u00f6le getirilmeye ba\u015flanmas\u0131d\u0131r.\",\n icon: \"fa-people-carry-box\"\n },\n {\n q: \"1518'de Afrika'dan k\u00f6le ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 resmen yasalla\u015ft\u0131ran h\u00fck\u00fcmdar kimdir?\",\n a: \"\u0130spanyol Kral\u0131 V. Charles.\",\n icon: \"fa-user-tie\"\n },\n {\n q: \"K\u00f6le ticaretini y\u00f6neten \u0130ngiliz, Hollandal\u0131 ve Frans\u0131z \u015firketler hangileridir?\",\n a: \"\u0130ngiltere: Royal African Company, Hollanda: West India Company, Fransa: Compagnie du S\u00e9n\u00e9gal.\",\n icon: \"fa-ship\"\n },\n {\n q: \"Atlantik k\u00f6le ticareti ne zaman b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde sona erdi ve BM taraf\u0131ndan anma g\u00fcn\u00fc olarak hangi tarih belirlendi?\",\n a: \"XIX. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ortalar\u0131nda sona erdi. Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler 25 Mart'\u0131 'Uluslararas\u0131 K\u00f6lelik ve Transatlantik K\u00f6le Ticareti Ma\u011fdurlar\u0131n\u0131 Anma G\u00fcn\u00fc' ilan etti.\",\n icon: \"fa-calendar-day\"\n },\n {\n q: \"R\u00f6nesans ne anlama gelir ve hangi d\u00f6nemde nerede ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r?\",\n a: \"Kelime anlam\u0131 'Yeniden Do\u011fu\u015f'tur. XV-XVI. y\u00fczy\u0131llarda \u0130talya'da ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f ve Avrupa'ya yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\",\n icon: \"fa-palette\"\n },\n {\n q: \"R\u00f6nesans'\u0131n temel d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce yap\u0131s\u0131 olan H\u00fcmanizm neyi savunur?\",\n a: \"Toplum veya kilise yerine 'insan\u0131' merkeze almay\u0131; Antik Yunan ve Roma k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcne d\u00f6nerek akl\u0131 ve bilimi rehber edinmeyi savunur.\",\n icon: \"fa-brain\"\n },\n {\n q: \"R\u00f6nesans'\u0131n \u0130talya'da ba\u015flamas\u0131nda etkili olan, sanat\u0131 ve sanat\u00e7\u0131y\u0131 koruyan s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n ad\u0131 nedir?\",\n a: \"Mesen S\u0131n\u0131f\u0131. (\u00d6rne\u011fin Floransa'daki Medici Ailesi).\",\n icon: \"fa-masks-theater\"\n },\n {\n q: \"R\u00f6nesans sanat\u0131n\u0131n temel \u00f6zellikleri nelerdir?\",\n a: \"\u0130nsan\u00fcst\u00fc dinsellik yerine idealle\u015ftirilmi\u015f insan fig\u00fcrleri, perspektif kullan\u0131m\u0131, din d\u0131\u015f\u0131 konular (mitoloji, portre) ve sivil mimarinin (saraylar) \u00f6nem kazanmas\u0131.\",\n icon: \"fa-paintbrush\"\n },\n {\n q: \"R\u00f6nesans'\u0131n ve bilginin yay\u0131lmas\u0131nda en etkili olan icat nedir ve kim geli\u015ftirmi\u015ftir?\",\n a: \"Matbaa (Hareketli harf bask\u0131 sistemi). 1450 y\u0131l\u0131nda Johannes Gutenberg taraf\u0131ndan geli\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir.\",\n icon: \"fa-print\"\n },\n {\n q: \"Matbaan\u0131n bulunmas\u0131 toplumsal a\u00e7\u0131dan nas\u0131l bir de\u011fi\u015fime yol a\u00e7t\u0131?\",\n a: \"Kitap bas\u0131m\u0131 h\u0131zland\u0131 ve ucuzlad\u0131. Okuma-yazma sadece din adamlar\u0131n\u0131n ayr\u0131cal\u0131\u011f\u0131 olmaktan \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p t\u00fcm topluma yay\u0131ld\u0131.\",\n icon: \"fa-book-open\"\n },\n {\n q: \"R\u00f6nesans d\u00f6neminde feodal yap\u0131lar\u0131n y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131yla hangi siyasi y\u00f6netim bi\u00e7imi g\u00fc\u00e7lendi?\",\n a: \"Mutlak monar\u015filer (g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc krall\u0131klar) g\u00fc\u00e7lendi.\",\n icon: \"fa-chess-rook\"\n },\n {\n q: \"T\u00fcccarlar neden merkezi y\u00f6netimi g\u00fc\u00e7lendiren krallar\u0131 desteklediler?\",\n a: \"Ticari faaliyetlerini g\u00fcvenle s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmek istedikleri i\u00e7in.\",\n icon: \"fa-hand-holding-dollar\"\n },\n {\n q: \"R\u00f6nesans d\u00f6neminde 'Prens' adl\u0131 eserinde g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 savunan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr kimdir?\",\n a: \"Floransal\u0131 Niccolo Machiavelli.\",\n icon: \"fa-book-open-reader\"\n },\n {\n q: \"Reform hareketlerini kim, nerede ve nas\u0131l ba\u015flatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r?\",\n a: \"Martin Luther, 1517'de Almanya'da (Wittenberg Kilisesi), kilisenin kap\u0131s\u0131na 95 maddelik bir bildiri asarak ba\u015flatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\",\n icon: \"fa-scroll\"\n },\n {\n q: \"Martin Luther'in Katolik Kilisesi'ne kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kma nedeni neydi?\",\n a: \"Kilisenin bozulmas\u0131, \u00f6zellikle 'End\u00fcljans' (para kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcnah \u00e7\u0131karma\/cennetten yer satma) uygulamas\u0131na ve Papa'n\u0131n otoritesine kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\",\n icon: \"fa-church\"\n },\n {\n q: \"Almanya'da Protestanl\u0131k mezhebinin resmen tan\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 antla\u015fma hangisidir?\",\n a: \"1555 Augsburg Bar\u0131\u015f\u0131.\",\n icon: \"fa-handshake\"\n },\n {\n q: \"Reform sonras\u0131 Avrupa'da ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan yeni mezhepler nelerdir?\",\n a: \"Almanya'da Lutheryenizm, Fransa ve \u0130svi\u00e7re'de Kalvenizm, \u0130ngiltere'de Anglikanizm.\",\n icon: \"fa-users-rays\"\n },\n {\n q: \"Avrupa'daki mezhep sava\u015flar\u0131 (Otuz Y\u0131l Sava\u015flar\u0131) hangi antla\u015fma ile sona ermi\u015ftir?\",\n a: \"1648 Westphalia Antla\u015fmas\u0131.\",\n icon: \"fa-file-signature\"\n },\n {\n q: \"Westphalia Antla\u015fmas\u0131'n\u0131n uluslararas\u0131 ili\u015fkiler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemi nedir?\",\n a: \"Modern diplomasinin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 say\u0131l\u0131r. Devletlerin egemenli\u011finin dini otoriteden (Papal\u0131k'tan) ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z oldu\u011fu kabul edilmi\u015ftir.\",\n icon: \"fa-scale-balanced\"\n },\n {\n q: \"Reform hareketleri Osmanl\u0131 Devleti'ndeki Hristiyan halk\u0131 neden olumsuz etkilemedi?\",\n a: \"\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Osmanl\u0131'da ya\u015fayan Hristiyanlar zaten geni\u015f bir din ve vicdan \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne sahipti, Kilise bask\u0131s\u0131 alt\u0131nda de\u011fillerdi.\",\n icon: \"fa-star-and-crescent\"\n }\n ];\n\n \/\/ Renk Paleti (Canl\u0131 renkler)\n const colors = [\n 'bg-indigo-600',\n 'bg-rose-600',\n 'bg-emerald-600',\n 'bg-amber-600',\n 'bg-cyan-700',\n 'bg-fuchsia-700',\n 'bg-orange-600',\n 'bg-blue-700'\n ];\n\n \/\/ Durum De\u011fi\u015fkenleri\n let currentIndex = 0;\n let isFlipped = false;\n\n \/\/ DOM Elementleri\n const cardInner = document.getElementById('card-inner');\n const cardFront = document.getElementById('card-front');\n const questionText = document.getElementById('question-text');\n const answerText = document.getElementById('answer-text');\n const progressText = document.getElementById('progress-text');\n const questionIcon = document.getElementById('question-icon');\n\n \/\/ Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 Fonksiyonu\n function init() {\n renderCard();\n }\n\n \/\/ Kart\u0131 Render Et\n function renderCard() {\n const currentCard = flashcards[currentIndex];\n \n \/\/ \u0130\u00e7eri\u011fi g\u00fcncelle\n questionText.textContent = currentCard.q;\n answerText.textContent = currentCard.a;\n progressText.textContent = `Soru ${currentIndex + 1} \/ ${flashcards.length}`;\n \n \/\/ \u0130konu g\u00fcncelle\n questionIcon.className = `fa-solid ${currentCard.icon} text-6xl opacity-80`;\n\n \/\/ Rengi g\u00fcncelle (D\u00f6ng\u00fcsel olarak listeden se\u00e7)\n const colorClass = colors[currentIndex % colors.length];\n \/\/ \u00d6nceki renkleri temizle (bg- ile ba\u015flayanlar\u0131)\n cardFront.className = cardFront.className.replace(\/\\bbg-\\w+-\\d+\/g, \"\");\n \/\/ Yeni rengi ekle\n cardFront.classList.add(colorClass);\n\n \/\/ Kart \u00e7evrilmi\u015fse d\u00fczelt\n if (isFlipped) {\n cardInner.classList.remove('flipped');\n isFlipped = false;\n }\n }\n\n \/\/ Kart\u0131 \u00c7evir\n window.flipCard = function() {\n cardInner.classList.toggle('flipped');\n isFlipped = !isFlipped;\n };\n\n \/\/ Sonraki Kart\n window.nextCard = function() {\n if (currentIndex < flashcards.length - 1) {\n \/\/ E\u011fer kart arkas\u0131 d\u00f6n\u00fckse, \u00f6nce d\u00fczelt, sonra i\u00e7eri\u011fi de\u011fi\u015ftir\n if (isFlipped) {\n cardInner.classList.remove('flipped');\n isFlipped = false;\n setTimeout(() => {\n currentIndex++;\n renderCard();\n }, 300); \/\/ D\u00f6nme animasyonu bitince i\u00e7eri\u011fi de\u011fi\u015ftir\n } else {\n currentIndex++;\n renderCard();\n }\n } else {\n alert(\"Tebrikler! T\u00fcm kartlar\u0131 tamamlad\u0131n\u0131z.\");\n }\n };\n\n \/\/ \u00d6nceki Kart\n window.prevCard = function() {\n if (currentIndex > 0) {\n if (isFlipped) {\n cardInner.classList.remove('flipped');\n isFlipped = false;\n setTimeout(() => {\n currentIndex--;\n renderCard();\n }, 300);\n } else {\n currentIndex--;\n renderCard();\n }\n }\n };\n\n \/\/ Kartlar\u0131 Kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\n window.shuffleCards = function() {\n \/\/ Fisher-Yates algoritmas\u0131 ile kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma\n for (let i = flashcards.length - 1; i > 0; i--) {\n const j = Math.floor(Math.random() (i + 1));\n [flashcards[i], flashcards[j]] = [flashcards[j], flashcards[i]];\n }\n currentIndex = 0;\n if(isFlipped) {\n cardInner.classList.remove('flipped');\n isFlipped = false;\n setTimeout(renderCard, 300);\n } else {\n renderCard();\n }\n };\n\n \/\/ Klavye Kontrolleri (Opsiyonel Kullan\u0131labilirlik)\n document.addEventListener('keydown', (e) => {\n if (e.code === 'Space' || e.code === 'Enter') {\n flipCard();\n } else if (e.code === 'ArrowRight') {\n nextCard();\n } else if (e.code === 'ArrowLeft') {\n prevCard();\n }\n });\n\n \/\/ Uygulamay\u0131 ba\u015flat\n init();\n\n <\/script>\n<\/body>\n<\/html>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<div class=\"mh-excerpt\"><p>Bu yaz\u0131m\u0131zda g\u00fcncel m\u00fcfredata g\u00f6re haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z 10. s\u0131n\u0131f tarih dersi 3. \u00fcnitesi olan Cihan Devleti Osmanl\u0131 (1453-1683) \u00fcnitesinin i\u00e7inde yer alan Avrupal\u0131lar\u0131n S\u00f6m\u00fcrgeci Politikalar\u0131 yaz\u0131l\u0131ya haz\u0131rl\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmam\u0131z\u0131 payla\u015f\u0131yoruz. Avrupal\u0131lar\u0131n S\u00f6m\u00fcrgeci Politikalar\u0131 online <a class=\"mh-excerpt-more\" href=\"https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/index.php\/2026\/04\/16\/avrupalilarin-somurgeci-politikalari-hazirlik-soru-cevap-flashcart\/\" title=\"Avrupal\u0131lar\u0131n S\u00f6m\u00fcrgeci Politikalar\u0131 Haz\u0131rl\u0131k Soru-Cevap (flashcart)\">[…]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":2819,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_regular_price":[],"currency_symbol":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[151,114],"tags":[315,5,311],"class_list":["post-3193","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-10-sinif-tarih-2","category-10-sinif-tarih-soru-cevap","tag-10-sinif-flashcard","tag-10-sinif-tarih","tag-10-sinif-tarih-karti"],"post_slider_layout_featured_media_urls":{"thumbnail":["https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/FLASHCARD-150x150.png",150,150,true],"post_slider_layout_landscape_large":["https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/FLASHCARD-1200x800.png",1200,800,true],"post_slider_layout_portrait_large":["https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/FLASHCARD-1200x1080.png",1200,1080,true],"post_slider_layout_square_large":["https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/FLASHCARD-1200x1080.png",1200,1080,true],"post_slider_layout_landscape":["https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/FLASHCARD-600x400.png",600,400,true],"post_slider_layout_portrait":["https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/FLASHCARD-600x900.png",600,900,true],"post_slider_layout_square":["https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/FLASHCARD-600x600.png",600,600,true],"full":["https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/FLASHCARD.png",1920,1080,false]},"yoast_head":"\n<title>Avrupal\u0131lar\u0131n S\u00f6m\u00fcrgeci Politikalar\u0131 Haz\u0131rl\u0131k Soru-Cevap (flashcart) - 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