{"id":3416,"date":"2026-08-01T14:49:51","date_gmt":"2026-08-01T11:49:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/?p=3416"},"modified":"2026-08-01T14:49:52","modified_gmt":"2026-08-01T11:49:52","slug":"turkiye-tarihi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/index.php\/2026\/08\/01\/turkiye-tarihi\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u00fcrkiye Tarihi ve Sel\u00e7uklu Anadolu\u2019su KPSS Tarih Notlar\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u00fcrkiye Tarihi ders notu; O\u011fuz g\u00f6\u00e7leri ve Anadolu, ilk T\u00fcrk ak\u0131nlar\u0131, Malazgirt sonras\u0131 yurt tutma s\u00fcreci, Anadolu\u2019da kurulan ilk T\u00fcrk beylikleri, T\u00fcrkiye Sel\u00e7uklu Devleti ve Anadolu\u2019nun T\u00fcrkle\u015fmesini sa\u011flayan geli\u015fmeler gibi ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131 kapsar. KPSS tarih s\u0131nav\u0131na haz\u0131rlanan adaylar i\u00e7in d\u00fczenlenen bu KPSS tarih ders notlar\u0131, yerle\u015fme ve devletle\u015fme s\u00fcrecini neden-sonu\u00e7 ili\u015fkisi i\u00e7inde tekrar etmeyi kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r. Online KPSS tarih ders notlar\u0131 sayesinde KPSS, EKPSS, MEB AGS ve \u00d6ABT s\u0131navlar\u0131na tam olarak haz\u0131rlanacaks\u0131n\u0131z. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma KPSS \u00f6zet ders notlar\u0131 arayan \u00f6\u011frenciler i\u00e7in kullan\u0131\u015fl\u0131 bir i\u00e7eriktir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<style>\n.tk-ders-notu{--tk-lacivert:#12355b;--tk-turkuaz:#087f8c;--tk-bordo:#8b1e3f;--tk-altin:#d69e2e;--tk-acik-mavi:#eef6ff;--tk-acik-turkuaz:#ecfbfa;--tk-acik-sari:#fff8dc;--tk-metin:#243447;--tk-cizgi:#c8d7e6;position:relative;width:100%;max-width:1100px;min-width:0;margin:0 auto;padding:clamp(12px,2.4vw,28px);box-sizing:border-box;color:var(--tk-metin);font:400 17px\/1.72 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,\"Segoe UI\",Arial,sans-serif;overflow-wrap:anywhere;word-wrap:break-word;hyphens:auto;background:#f7fafc;border-radius:18px}\n.tk-ders-notu *,.tk-ders-notu *::before,.tk-ders-notu *::after{box-sizing:border-box;min-width:0}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-ilerleme{position:fixed;z-index:9998;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:5px;background:rgba(18,53,91,.12);pointer-events:none}\n.tk-ders-notu 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minmax(0,1fr);gap:8px}\n}\n@media print{\n.tk-ders-notu{max-width:none;margin:0;padding:0;background:#fff;color:#000;font-size:11pt;box-shadow:none}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-ilerleme,.tk-ders-notu .tk-kontroller,.tk-ders-notu .tk-basa-don{display:none!important}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-ust{padding:0 0 14pt;background:#fff!important;color:#000;box-shadow:none}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-ana-baslik{color:#000;border-bottom:2pt solid #000}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-icindekiler{border:1pt solid #777;background:#fff;color:#000}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-icindekiler-listesi a{color:#000}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-kart{break-inside:auto;margin:0 0 14pt;padding:0;border:0;box-shadow:none}\n.tk-ders-notu h2,.tk-ders-notu h3{break-after:avoid;color:#000}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-tablo{break-inside:auto}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-tablo tr{break-inside:avoid}\n.tk-ders-notu a{text-decoration:none;color:#000}\n}\n<\/style>\n<article class=\"tk-ders-notu\" id=\"tk-ders-turkiye-tarihi\" lang=\"tr\" data-tk-ready=\"false\"><div class=\"tk-ilerleme\" role=\"progressbar\" aria-label=\"Okuma ilerlemesi\" aria-valuemin=\"0\" aria-valuemax=\"100\" aria-valuenow=\"0\"><span class=\"tk-ilerleme-cubugu\"><\/span><\/div><header class=\"tk-ust\" id=\"tk-ders-baslangici\"><p class=\"tk-ana-baslik\" data-tk-source=\"1\"><strong>T\u00dcRK\u0130YE TAR\u0130H\u0130<\/strong><\/p><div class=\"tk-kontroller\"><button class=\"tk-dugme tk-yazdir\" type=\"button\" aria-label=\"Ders notunu yazd\u0131r\">Yazd\u0131r<\/button><button class=\"tk-dugme tk-ice-git\" type=\"button\" aria-label=\"\u0130\u00e7indekiler b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne git\">\u0130\u00e7indekilere Git<\/button><\/div><nav class=\"tk-icindekiler\" id=\"tk-icindekiler-turkiye-tarihi\" aria-label=\"Ders notu i\u00e7indekiler\"><p class=\"tk-icindekiler-baslik\">\u0130\u00e7indekiler<\/p><ul class=\"tk-icindekiler-listesi\"><li class=\"tk-ana-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-yerlesme-ve-devletlesme-surecinde-selcuklu-turkiyesi\">YERLE\u015eME VE DEVLETLE\u015eME S\u00dcREC\u0130NDE SEL\u00c7UKLU T\u00dcRK\u0130YES\u0130<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-ana-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-oguz-gocleri-ve-anadolu\">O\u011eUZ G\u00d6\u00c7LER\u0130 VE ANADOLU<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-alt-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-xi-yuzyil-ilk-turk-akinlari-kesif-sureci\">XI. Y\u00fczy\u0131l \u0130lk T\u00fcrk Ak\u0131nlar\u0131 (Ke\u015fif S\u00fcreci):<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-ana-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-turklesme-surecinde-goc-dalgalari\">T\u00dcRKLE\u015eME S\u00dcREC\u0130NDE G\u00d6\u00c7 DALGALARI<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-alt-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-birinci-dalga-gocler-ve-kesif-akinlari-1015-1021\">Birinci Dalga G\u00f6\u00e7ler ve Ke\u015fif Ak\u0131nlar\u0131 (1015-1021):<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-alt-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-asil-kitlesel-goc-ve-yurt-tutma\">As\u0131l Kitlesel G\u00f6\u00e7 ve Yurt Tutma:<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-alt-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-birinci-dalga-goclerin-sebepleri-sebep-sonuc-iliskisi\">Birinci Dalga G\u00f6\u00e7lerin Sebepleri (Sebep-Sonu\u00e7 \u0130li\u015fkisi):<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-alt-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-goclerin-ve-akinlarin-sonuclari\">G\u00f6\u00e7lerin ve Ak\u0131nlar\u0131n Sonu\u00e7lar\u0131:<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-alt-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-ikinci-dalga-gocler-mogol-istilasi-etkisi\">\u0130kinci Dalga G\u00f6\u00e7ler (Mo\u011fol \u0130stilas\u0131 Etkisi):<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-alt-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-turklerin-anadolu-da-yerlesmesini-kolaylastiran-faktorler\">T\u00fcrklerin Anadolu\u2019da Yerle\u015fmesini Kolayla\u015ft\u0131ran Fakt\u00f6rler:<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-ana-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-anadolu-da-kurulan-ilk-turk-beylikleri-birinci-beylikler-donemi\">ANADOLU\u2019DA KURULAN \u0130LK T\u00dcRK BEYL\u0130KLER\u0130 (B\u0130R\u0130NC\u0130 BEYL\u0130KLER D\u00d6NEM\u0130)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-alt-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-kurulus-felsefesi-kilic-hakki\">Kurulu\u015f Felsefesi: K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 Hakk\u0131<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-alt-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-danismentliler-1080-1178\">Dani\u015fmentliler (1080-1178)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-alt-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-saltuklular-1072-1202\">Saltuklular (1072-1202)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-alt-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-mengucekliler-1080-1228\">Meng\u00fccekliler (1080-1228)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-alt-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-artuklular-1102-1231\">Artuklular (1102-1231)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-alt-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-caka-beyligi-1081-1093\">\u00c7aka Beyli\u011fi (1081-1093)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-alt-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-anadolu-da-kurulan-ilk-turk-devlet-ve-beyliklerinin-anadolu-ya-katkila\">Anadolu\u2019da Kurulan \u0130lk T\u00fcrk Devlet ve Beyliklerinin Anadolu\u2019ya Katk\u0131lar\u0131:<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-ana-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-turkiye-selcuklu-devleti-1077-1308\">T\u00dcRK\u0130YE SEL\u00c7UKLU DEVLET\u0130 (1077-1308)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-alt-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-miryokefalon-savasi-1176\">Miryokefalon Sava\u015f\u0131 (1176):<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-alt-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-yassi-cemen-savasi-1230\">Yass\u0131 \u00c7emen Sava\u015f\u0131 (1230):<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-alt-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-kosedag-savasi-1243\">K\u00f6seda\u011f Sava\u015f\u0131 (1243):<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-alt-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-turkiye-selcuklu-devleti-nin-yikilma-nedenleri\">T\u00fcrkiye Sel\u00e7uklu Devleti\u2019nin Y\u0131k\u0131lma Nedenleri:<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-ana-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-anadolu-da-ikinci-beylikler-donemi\">ANADOLU\u2019DA \u0130K\u0130NC\u0130 BEYL\u0130KLER D\u00d6NEM\u0130<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-alt-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-kurulan-ikinci-beylikler-ve-merkezleri\">Kurulan \u0130kinci Beylikler ve Merkezleri:<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-ana-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-turkiye-selcuklu-devleti-kultur-ve-uygarligi\">T\u00dcRK\u0130YE SEL\u00c7UKLU DEVLET\u0130 K\u00dcLT\u00dcR VE UYGARLI\u011eI<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-alt-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-devlet-yonetimi-ve-ordu\">Devlet Y\u00f6netimi ve Ordu<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-alt-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-divan-cesitleri-ve-gorevleri\">Divan \u00c7e\u015fitleri ve G\u00f6revleri:<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-alt-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-ordu-bolumleri\">Ordu B\u00f6l\u00fcmleri:<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-alt-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-sosyal-hayat\">Sosyal Hayat<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-alt-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-ahilik-teskilati\">Ahilik Te\u015fkilat\u0131:<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-alt-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-ekonomik-hayat\">Ekonomik Hayat<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-alt-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-ikta-sistemi-nedir\">\u0130kta Sistemi Nedir?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-alt-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-bilim-ve-kulturel-hayat\">Bilim ve K\u00fclt\u00fcrel Hayat<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-alt-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-onemli-sahsiyetler-xiii-yuzyil\">\u00d6nemli \u015eahsiyetler (XIII. Y\u00fczy\u0131l):<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-alt-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-mimari-eserler-ve-sanat-xii-yuzyil-ortalarindan-itibaren\">Mimari Eserler ve Sanat (XII. Y\u00fczy\u0131l Ortalar\u0131ndan \u0130tibaren):<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-alt-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-hacli-seferleri-xi-xiii-yuzyillar\">HA\u00c7LI SEFERLER\u0130 (XI. &#8211; XIII. Y\u00fczy\u0131llar)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-alt-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-seferlerin-nedenleri\">Seferlerin Nedenleri:<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-alt-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-onemli-hacli-seferleri-ve-gelisimi\">\u00d6nemli Ha\u00e7l\u0131 Seferleri ve Geli\u015fimi:<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-alt-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-hacli-seferlerinin-sonuclari\">Ha\u00e7l\u0131 Seferlerinin Sonu\u00e7lar\u0131:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/header><div class=\"tk-icerik\"><section class=\"tk-kart tk-kart-ilk\"><\/section><section class=\"tk-kart\"><h2 id=\"tk-yerlesme-ve-devletlesme-surecinde-selcuklu-turkiyesi\" data-tk-source=\"2\"><strong>YERLE\u015eME VE DEVLETLE\u015eME S\u00dcREC\u0130NDE SEL\u00c7UKLU T\u00dcRK\u0130YES\u0130<\/strong><\/h2><\/section><section class=\"tk-kart\"><h2 id=\"tk-oguz-gocleri-ve-anadolu\" data-tk-source=\"3\"><strong>O\u011eUZ G\u00d6\u00c7LER\u0130 VE ANADOLU<\/strong><\/h2><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"4\"><strong>T\u00fcrkler Anadolu\u2019ya Gelmeden \u00d6nceki Durum:<\/strong> B\u00f6lgede <strong>Rum<\/strong>, <strong>S\u00fcryani<\/strong>, <strong>G\u00fcrc\u00fc<\/strong> ve <strong>Ermeni<\/strong> gibi \u00e7e\u015fitli etnik gruplar <strong>Bizans \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu<\/strong>&#8216;na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak ya\u015famaktad\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"5\"><strong>Anadolu&#8217;nun T\u00fcrk Yurdu H\u00e2line Gelmesi:<\/strong> T\u00fcrklerin Anadolu\u2019da tutunabilmesi; <strong>Rum<\/strong>, <strong>Ermeni<\/strong>, <strong>G\u00fcrc\u00fc<\/strong>, <strong>Mo\u011fol<\/strong> ve <strong>Ha\u00e7l\u0131lara<\/strong> kar\u015f\u0131 verilen b\u00fcy\u00fck m\u00fccadeleler sonucunda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"6\"><strong>T\u00fcrkmen Kavram\u0131n\u0131n Do\u011fu\u015fu:<\/strong> <strong>O\u011fuz Yabgu Devleti<\/strong>\u2019nin da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131yla <strong>O\u011fuzlar<\/strong> boylar h\u00e2linde g\u00f6\u00e7 etmi\u015f, <strong>\u0130slamiyet\u2019i kabul ettikten sonra T\u00fcrkmenler<\/strong> ad\u0131n\u0131 alm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. T\u00fcrkmenlerin \u0130slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda parlamas\u0131 <strong>B\u00fcy\u00fck Sel\u00e7uklu Devleti<\/strong> ile olmu\u015ftur.<\/li><\/ul><h3 id=\"tk-xi-yuzyil-ilk-turk-akinlari-kesif-sureci\" data-tk-source=\"7\"><strong>XI. Y\u00fczy\u0131l \u0130lk T\u00fcrk Ak\u0131nlar\u0131 (Ke\u015fif S\u00fcreci):<\/strong><\/h3><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"8\">Yerle\u015fmeden ziyade <strong>ke\u015fif ve ganimet<\/strong> ama\u00e7l\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"9\"><strong>\u00c7a\u011fr\u0131 Bey<\/strong> \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde yap\u0131lan bu ak\u0131nlar\u0131n temel amac\u0131; Anadolu\u2019yu tan\u0131mak ve zorlu <strong>Bizans<\/strong> kalelerini y\u0131pratmakt\u0131r.<\/li><\/ul><\/section><section class=\"tk-kart\"><h2 id=\"tk-turklesme-surecinde-goc-dalgalari\" data-tk-source=\"10\"><strong>T\u00dcRKLE\u015eME S\u00dcREC\u0130NDE G\u00d6\u00c7 DALGALARI<\/strong><\/h2><h3 id=\"tk-birinci-dalga-gocler-ve-kesif-akinlari-1015-1021\" data-tk-source=\"11\"><strong>Birinci Dalga G\u00f6\u00e7ler ve Ke\u015fif Ak\u0131nlar\u0131 (1015-1021):<\/strong><\/h3><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"12\"><strong>O\u011fuz T\u00fcrkleri<\/strong> taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan ilk <strong>Sel\u00e7uklu<\/strong> ak\u0131nlar\u0131d\u0131r. Bu d\u00f6nem yerle\u015fmeden ziyade haz\u0131rl\u0131k a\u015famas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li><\/ul><h3 id=\"tk-asil-kitlesel-goc-ve-yurt-tutma\" data-tk-source=\"13\"><strong>As\u0131l Kitlesel G\u00f6\u00e7 ve Yurt Tutma:<\/strong><\/h3><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"14\"><strong>1071 Malazgirt Muharebesi<\/strong> sonras\u0131nda, Anadolu&#8217;yu kal\u0131c\u0131 bir yurt edinmek amac\u0131yla bat\u0131ya do\u011fru akan b\u00fcy\u00fck <strong>T\u00fcrkmen<\/strong> g\u00f6\u00e7leridir.<\/li><\/ul><h3 id=\"tk-birinci-dalga-goclerin-sebepleri-sebep-sonuc-iliskisi\" data-tk-source=\"15\"><strong>Birinci Dalga G\u00f6\u00e7lerin Sebepleri (Sebep-Sonu\u00e7 \u0130li\u015fkisi):<\/strong><\/h3><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"16\"><strong>Siyasi ve Asker\u00ee Bask\u0131lar:<\/strong> <strong>Karahanl\u0131<\/strong> ve <strong>Gaznelilerin<\/strong>, <strong>Mavera\u00fcnnehir<\/strong> ve <strong>Horasan<\/strong>&#8216;daki <strong>O\u011fuzlar<\/strong> \u00fczerindeki bask\u0131s\u0131.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"17\"><strong>Karah\u0131tay<\/strong><strong> ve Mo\u011fol Bask\u0131s\u0131:<\/strong> <strong>Karah\u0131taylar\u0131n<\/strong> Mo\u011folistan&#8217;a h\u00e2kim olup T\u00fcrk boylar\u0131n\u0131 bat\u0131ya do\u011fru s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 ve <strong>K\u0131p\u00e7aklarla<\/strong> birle\u015ferek <strong>O\u011fuzlara<\/strong> sald\u0131rmas\u0131.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"18\"><strong>Ekonomik Nedenler:<\/strong> N\u00fcfusun h\u0131zla artmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k otlaklar\u0131n yetersiz kalmas\u0131.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"19\"><strong>Vatan Aray\u0131\u015f\u0131:<\/strong> <strong>O\u011fuzlar<\/strong> i\u00e7in g\u00fcvenli ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z yeni bir yurt bulma ihtiyac\u0131.<\/li><\/ul><h3 id=\"tk-goclerin-ve-akinlarin-sonuclari\" data-tk-source=\"20\"><strong>G\u00f6\u00e7lerin ve Ak\u0131nlar\u0131n Sonu\u00e7lar\u0131:<\/strong><\/h3><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"21\">Birinci dalga g\u00f6\u00e7ler, <strong>Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131n<\/strong> Anadolu\u2019ya h\u00e2kimiyetinin altyap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 kurmu\u015ftur. <strong>Bizans<\/strong>\u2019\u0131n yetersiz savunmas\u0131, T\u00fcrk fetihlerini h\u0131zland\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"22\"><strong>1071 Malazgirt Muharebesi (Yurt A\u00e7an Sava\u015f):<\/strong> Bu zafer ile g\u00f6\u00e7ler yurt tutma amac\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f, Anadolu topraklar\u0131n\u0131n kap\u0131lar\u0131 T\u00fcrklere a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"23\"><strong>T\u00fcrkle\u015fmenin Kal\u0131c\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131:<\/strong> Zaferin ard\u0131ndan <strong>Birinci T\u00fcrk Beylikleri<\/strong> (<strong>Dani\u015fmentliler<\/strong>, <strong>Meng\u00fccekliler<\/strong>, <strong>Saltuklular<\/strong>, <strong>Artuklular<\/strong>, <strong>\u00c7aka Beyli\u011fi<\/strong>) kurularak Anadolu&#8217;nun T\u00fcrkle\u015fmesi sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015f; <strong>T\u00fcrkiye Sel\u00e7uklu Devleti<\/strong> ile bu h\u00e2kimiyet kal\u0131c\u0131 olmu\u015ftur.<\/li><\/ul><h3 id=\"tk-ikinci-dalga-gocler-mogol-istilasi-etkisi\" data-tk-source=\"24\"><strong>\u0130kinci Dalga G\u00f6\u00e7ler (Mo\u011fol \u0130stilas\u0131 Etkisi):<\/strong><\/h3><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"25\"><strong>Mo\u011fol \u0130stilas\u0131<\/strong>, <strong>Azerbaycan<\/strong> ve <strong>Horasan<\/strong>&#8216;daki <strong>T\u00fcrkmenlerin<\/strong> kitlesel olarak Anadolu&#8217;ya s\u0131\u011f\u0131nmas\u0131na neden olmu\u015ftur.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"26\"><strong>T\u00fcrkiye Sel\u00e7uklu Devleti<\/strong>, bu kalabal\u0131k T\u00fcrkmen n\u00fcfusunu <strong>Bizans<\/strong> s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131ndaki <strong>U\u00e7 (S\u0131n\u0131r) B\u00f6lgelerine<\/strong> yerle\u015ftirmi\u015ftir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"27\"><strong>Sonu\u00e7:<\/strong> Mo\u011fol bask\u0131s\u0131yla Bat\u0131&#8217;ya itilen T\u00fcrkmenler, Bizans&#8217;a kar\u015f\u0131 cesurca sava\u015fm\u0131\u015f, Rumlar\u0131 bat\u0131ya s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f ve <strong>Bat\u0131 Anadolu&#8217;nun fethini ve T\u00fcrkle\u015fmesini<\/strong> h\u0131zland\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><\/ul><h3 id=\"tk-turklerin-anadolu-da-yerlesmesini-kolaylastiran-faktorler\" data-tk-source=\"28\"><strong>T\u00fcrklerin Anadolu\u2019da Yerle\u015fmesini Kolayla\u015ft\u0131ran Fakt\u00f6rler:<\/strong><\/h3><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"29\"><strong>Bizans&#8217;\u0131n \u0130\u00e7 Kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131klar\u0131:<\/strong> Taht kavgalar\u0131, i\u00e7 isyanlar ve otorite bo\u015flu\u011fu.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"30\"><strong>Bizans&#8217;\u0131n Adaletsiz Y\u00f6netimi:<\/strong> A\u011f\u0131r vergiler, gelirlerin l\u00fcks i\u00e7in harcanmas\u0131.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"31\"><strong>\u0130stim\u00e2let<\/strong><strong> (Ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fc) Politikas\u0131:<\/strong> Yerel halk\u0131n, Bizans zulm\u00fc yerine T\u00fcrklerin adil ve ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fc y\u00f6netimini tercih etmesi.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"32\"><strong>Dini ve Etnik Bask\u0131lar:<\/strong> <strong>Ortodoks Kilisesi<\/strong>&#8216;nin halka bask\u0131s\u0131, <strong>Bizans<\/strong>&#8216;\u0131n <strong>Ermeni<\/strong> ve di\u011fer gruplar\u0131 asimile etme (Rumla\u015ft\u0131rma) \u00e7abas\u0131.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"33\"><strong>D\u0131\u015f Tehditler:<\/strong> <strong>Bizans<\/strong>&#8216;\u0131n ayn\u0131 anda <strong>Sel\u00e7uklular<\/strong>, <strong>Normanlar<\/strong>, <strong>Macarlar<\/strong> ve <strong>Pe\u00e7enekler<\/strong> ile sava\u015fmak zorunda kalmas\u0131.<\/li><\/ul><\/section><section class=\"tk-kart\"><h2 id=\"tk-anadolu-da-kurulan-ilk-turk-beylikleri-birinci-beylikler-donemi\" data-tk-source=\"34\"><strong>ANADOLU\u2019DA KURULAN \u0130LK T\u00dcRK BEYL\u0130KLER\u0130 (B\u0130R\u0130NC\u0130 BEYL\u0130KLER D\u00d6NEM\u0130)<\/strong><\/h2><h3 id=\"tk-kurulus-felsefesi-kilic-hakki\" data-tk-source=\"35\"><strong>Kurulu\u015f Felsefesi: K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 Hakk\u0131<\/strong><\/h3><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"36\"><strong>B\u00fcy\u00fck Sel\u00e7uklu H\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 Alp Arslan<\/strong>, fethedilen b\u00f6lgenin y\u00f6netimini fetheden komutana verme gelene\u011fi olan <strong>K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 Hakk\u0131<\/strong>&#8216;n\u0131 uygulam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu durum Anadolu&#8217;nun fethini h\u0131zland\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"37\">Zamanla <strong>B\u00fcy\u00fck Sel\u00e7uklu Devleti<\/strong>&#8216;nin zay\u0131flamas\u0131yla bu komutanlar ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z beyliklere d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/li><\/ul><h3 id=\"tk-danismentliler-1080-1178\" data-tk-source=\"38\"><strong>Dani\u015fmentliler (1080-1178)<\/strong><\/h3><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"39\"><strong>Kurucu ve Merkez:<\/strong> <strong>Dani\u015fment Ahmet Gazi<\/strong>. Merkez <strong>Sivas<\/strong> (Daha sonra <strong>Tokat<\/strong>, <strong>Kayseri<\/strong>, <strong>Amasya<\/strong>, <strong>Malatya<\/strong> civar\u0131).<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"40\"><strong>\u00d6zellik:<\/strong> \u0130lk kurulan beylikler i\u00e7inde en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ve en geni\u015f s\u0131n\u0131rlara ula\u015fan beyliktir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"41\"><strong>Faaliyetler:<\/strong> <strong>T\u00fcrkiye Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131<\/strong> ile birle\u015ferek <strong>Ha\u00e7l\u0131lara<\/strong> k\u00f6k s\u00f6kt\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015flerdir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"42\"><strong>Eserler:<\/strong> <strong>Nizamettin Ya\u011f\u0131basan<\/strong> taraf\u0131ndan <strong>Tokat<\/strong> ve <strong>Niksar<\/strong>&#8216;da kurulan, Anadolu&#8217;nun ilk medresesi olan <strong>Ya\u011f\u0131basan Medresesi<\/strong>; <strong>Kayseri Ulu <\/strong><strong>Cami<\/strong>; <strong>Amasya<\/strong>&#8216;daki <strong>Hilafet Gazi K\u00fcmbeti<\/strong>.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"43\"><strong>K\u00fclt\u00fcr:<\/strong> Bizans, Ha\u00e7l\u0131 ve Ermenilere kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadelelerini anlatan <strong>Dani\u015fmentname<\/strong> \u00f6nemli bir epik\/tarihi eserdir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"44\"><strong>Y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131\u015f:<\/strong> <strong>T\u00fcrkiye Sel\u00e7uklu Devleti<\/strong> son vermi\u015ftir.<\/li><\/ul><h3 id=\"tk-saltuklular-1072-1202\" data-tk-source=\"45\"><strong>Saltuklular (1072-1202)<\/strong><\/h3><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"46\"><strong>Kurucu ve Merkez:<\/strong> <strong>Ebul<\/strong><strong> Kas\u0131m Saltuk Bey<\/strong>. Merkez <strong>Erzurum<\/strong>.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"47\"><strong>\u00d6zellik:<\/strong> Anadolu&#8217;da kurulan <strong>ilk T\u00fcrk beyli\u011fidir<\/strong>.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"48\"><strong>Faaliyetler:<\/strong> <strong>G\u00fcrc\u00fclerle<\/strong> ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 m\u00fccadeleler yapm\u0131\u015flar, <strong>Ha\u00e7l\u0131 Seferlerinde<\/strong> <strong>T\u00fcrkiye Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131na<\/strong> destek olmu\u015flard\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"49\"><strong>Eserler:<\/strong> <strong>Erzurum<\/strong>\u2019da <strong>Kale Camisi<\/strong>, <strong>Tepsi Minare<\/strong>, <strong>Ulu Cami<\/strong>, <strong>\u00dc\u00e7 K\u00fcmbetler<\/strong> ve <strong>Tercan<\/strong>\u2019da <strong>Mama Hatun K\u00fcmbeti<\/strong>.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"50\"><strong>Y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131\u015f:<\/strong> <strong>T\u00fcrkiye Sel\u00e7uklu Devleti<\/strong> son vermi\u015ftir.<\/li><\/ul><h3 id=\"tk-mengucekliler-1080-1228\" data-tk-source=\"51\"><strong>Meng\u00fccekliler (1080-1228)<\/strong><\/h3><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"52\"><strong>Kurucu ve Merkez:<\/strong> <strong>Meng\u00fccek Gazi<\/strong>. Merkez <strong>Erzincan<\/strong>, <strong>Kemah<\/strong>, <strong>Divri\u011fi<\/strong>, <strong>\u015eebinkarahisar<\/strong>.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"53\"><strong>Faaliyetler:<\/strong> <strong>Dani\u015fmentlilerle<\/strong> ittifak yap\u0131p <strong>G\u00fcrc\u00fc Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/strong> ve <strong>Trabzon Rum \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu<\/strong> ile sava\u015fm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"54\"><strong>Eserler:<\/strong> En b\u00fcy\u00fck eserleri <strong>Divri\u011fi Ulu Cami ve <\/strong><strong>Dar\u00fc\u015f\u015fifas\u0131<\/strong>&#8216;d\u0131r. (Anadolu&#8217;daki ilk k\u00fclliyedir ve 1985&#8217;te <strong>UNESCO D\u00fcnya Miras Listesi<\/strong>&#8216;ne al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r).<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"55\"><strong>Y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131\u015f:<\/strong> <strong>T\u00fcrkiye Sel\u00e7uklu Devleti<\/strong> son vermi\u015ftir.<\/li><\/ul><h3 id=\"tk-artuklular-1102-1231\" data-tk-source=\"56\"><strong>Artuklular (1102-1231)<\/strong><\/h3><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"57\"><strong>Kurucu ve Merkez:<\/strong> <strong>Artuk<\/strong><strong> Bey&#8217;in o\u011fullar\u0131<\/strong>. Merkez <strong>Diyarbak\u0131r<\/strong>, <strong>Mardin<\/strong>, <strong>Harput (<\/strong><strong>Elaz\u0131\u011f<\/strong><strong>)<\/strong>, <strong>Hasankeyf<\/strong>, <strong>Batman<\/strong>.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"58\"><strong>Siyasi Yap\u0131:<\/strong> \u00dc\u00e7 kola ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r: <strong>Hasankeyf Kolu<\/strong>, <strong>Mardin Kolu<\/strong>, <strong>Harput Kolu<\/strong>.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"59\"><strong>Y\u00f6netim:<\/strong> Farkl\u0131 milletleri ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fcyle y\u00f6netmi\u015f, b\u00f6lgelerini bilim, sanat ve ticaret merkezine \u00e7evirmi\u015flerdir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"60\"><strong>Eserler:<\/strong> <strong>Diyarbak\u0131r Artuklu Saray\u0131<\/strong>, <strong>Mardin Hatuniye Medresesi<\/strong>, <strong>Mardin Ulu Cami<\/strong>, Batman \u00c7ay\u0131 \u00fczerindeki me\u015fhur <strong>Malabadi K\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fc<\/strong> ve <strong>Hasankeyf K\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fc<\/strong>.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"61\"><strong>Bilim:<\/strong> Siberneti\u011fin (otomasyon ve kontrol bilimi) kurucusu kabul edilen \u00fcnl\u00fc mucit <strong>Ebu\u2019l<\/strong><strong>-\u0130z El Cezeri<\/strong> bu d\u00f6nemde 25 y\u0131l <strong>Diyarbak\u0131r<\/strong>&#8216;da ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f, suyla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan mekanik robotlar yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"62\"><strong>Y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131\u015f:<\/strong> <strong>Hasankeyf<\/strong> kolunu <strong>Eyyubiler<\/strong>; <strong>Mardin<\/strong> kolunu <strong>Karakoyunlular<\/strong>; <strong>Harput<\/strong> kolunu <strong>T\u00fcrkiye Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131<\/strong> y\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><\/ul><h3 id=\"tk-caka-beyligi-1081-1093\" data-tk-source=\"63\"><strong>\u00c7aka Beyli\u011fi (1081-1093)<\/strong><\/h3><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"64\"><strong>Kurucu ve Merkez:<\/strong> <strong>\u00c7aka Bey<\/strong>. Merkez <strong>\u0130zmir ve \u00e7evresi<\/strong>.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"65\"><strong>\u00d6zellik:<\/strong> <strong>\u00c7aka Bey<\/strong>, tarihteki <strong>ilk T\u00fcrk denizcisidir<\/strong>. <strong>\u0130zmir<\/strong>&#8216;de tersane kurarak 40 gemilik ilk T\u00fcrk deniz filosunu olu\u015fturmu\u015ftur. (Kurulu\u015f y\u0131l\u0131 olan 1081, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde T\u00fcrk Deniz Kuvvetleri&#8217;nin kurulu\u015f y\u0131l\u0131 kabul edilir).<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"66\"><strong>Koyun Adalar\u0131 Sava\u015f\u0131 (1090):<\/strong> <strong>\u00c7aka Bey<\/strong> ile <strong>Bizans<\/strong> donanmas\u0131 aras\u0131nda yap\u0131lan <strong>ilk T\u00fcrk deniz sava\u015f\u0131d\u0131r<\/strong> ve T\u00fcrklerin kesin zaferiyle sonu\u00e7lanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><\/ul><h3 id=\"tk-anadolu-da-kurulan-ilk-turk-devlet-ve-beyliklerinin-anadolu-ya-katkila\" data-tk-source=\"67\"><strong>Anadolu\u2019da Kurulan \u0130lk T\u00fcrk Devlet ve Beyliklerinin Anadolu\u2019ya Katk\u0131lar\u0131:<\/strong><\/h3><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"68\">Anadolu\u2019yu bay\u0131nd\u0131r h\u00e2le getirmi\u015flerdir (\u0130mar faaliyetleri: Yol, k\u00f6pr\u00fc, kervansaray in\u015fas\u0131).<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"69\"><strong>T\u00fcrk-\u0130slam<\/strong> k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc ta\u015f\u0131m\u0131\u015f, cami ve medrese gibi mimari eserlerle Anadolu\u2019yu <strong>T\u00fcrkle\u015ftirip \u0130slamla\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r<\/strong>.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"70\">K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck kasabalar\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck T\u00fcrk \u015fehirlerine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015flerdir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"71\">Anadolu&#8217;yu (T\u00fcrk yurdunu) <strong>Bizans<\/strong>, <strong>G\u00fcrc\u00fc<\/strong> ve <strong>Ha\u00e7l\u0131<\/strong> sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 korumu\u015flard\u0131r.<\/li><\/ul><\/section><section class=\"tk-kart\"><h2 id=\"tk-turkiye-selcuklu-devleti-1077-1308\" data-tk-source=\"72\"><strong>T\u00dcRK\u0130YE SEL\u00c7UKLU DEVLET\u0130 (1077-1308)<\/strong><\/h2><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"73\"><strong>Kurulu\u015f:<\/strong> <strong>B\u00fcy\u00fck Sel\u00e7uklu<\/strong> ailesinden <strong>Kutalm\u0131\u015fo\u011flu S\u00fcleyman \u015eah (I. S\u00fcleyman \u015eah)<\/strong>, 1075&#8217;te <strong>\u0130znik<\/strong>&#8216;i fethetmi\u015f, 1077 y\u0131l\u0131nda <strong>\u0130znik<\/strong> ba\u015fkentli olarak devleti resmen kurmu\u015ftur. Sonras\u0131nda di\u011fer beylikleri itaat alt\u0131na al\u0131p siyasi birli\u011fi sa\u011flamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"74\"><strong>I. K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7arslan D\u00f6nemi:<\/strong> <strong>I. Ha\u00e7l\u0131 Seferi<\/strong>&#8216;ne kar\u015f\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck m\u00fccadele verilmi\u015f, ancak kalabal\u0131k Ha\u00e7l\u0131 ordusu kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda ba\u015fkent <strong>\u0130znik<\/strong>&#8216;ten <strong>Konya<\/strong>&#8216;ya ta\u015f\u0131nmak zorunda kal\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"75\"><strong>I. Mesut D\u00f6nemi:<\/strong> \u00dczerinde Sel\u00e7uklu ad\u0131 ge\u00e7en <strong>ilk Sel\u00e7uklu paras\u0131 (Bak\u0131r)<\/strong> bast\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. (Not: <strong>\u0130lk g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f para II. K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7arslan<\/strong> d\u00f6neminde, <strong>ilk alt\u0131n para ise I. Al\u00e2eddin Keykubat<\/strong> d\u00f6neminde bast\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r).<\/li><\/ul><h3 id=\"tk-miryokefalon-savasi-1176\" data-tk-source=\"76\"><strong>Miryokefalon Sava\u015f\u0131 (1176):<\/strong><\/h3><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"77\"><strong>D\u00f6nem:<\/strong> <strong>II. K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7arslan<\/strong><\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"78\"><strong>Taraflar:<\/strong> <strong>T\u00fcrkiye Sel\u00e7uklu Devleti<\/strong> ile <strong>Bizans \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu<\/strong> (<strong>Isparta\/E\u011firdir-<\/strong><strong>Kumdanl\u0131<\/strong>).<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"79\"><strong>Sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 (\u00c7ok \u00d6nemli):<\/strong><\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"80\">Sel\u00e7uklular kesin zafer kazanm\u0131\u015f, Bizans tazminata mahkum edilmi\u015ftir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"81\">Bizans&#8217;\u0131n Anadolu&#8217;yu T\u00fcrklerden geri alma \u00fcmidi tamamen bitmi\u015ftir. (Bizans taarruzdan savunmaya, T\u00fcrkler savunmadan taarruza ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir).<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"82\"><strong>Anadolu KES\u0130N OLARAK T\u00fcrk yurdu olmu\u015ftur.<\/strong> (Bu sava\u015fa <strong>Yurt Tutan<\/strong> sava\u015f denir. <strong>Malazgirt: Yurt A\u00e7an<\/strong>, <strong>B\u00fcy\u00fck Taarruz: Yurt Kurtaran<\/strong>).<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"83\">Anadolu&#8217;nun tapusu al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f, Avrupal\u0131lar Anadolu&#8217;ya <strong>T\u00fcrkiye<\/strong> demeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"84\">Bat\u0131 Anadolu&#8217;da T\u00fcrk n\u00fcfusu artm\u0131\u015f, ticaret yollar\u0131n\u0131n denetimi Sel\u00e7uklulara ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir.<\/li><\/ul><h3 id=\"tk-yassi-cemen-savasi-1230\" data-tk-source=\"85\"><strong>Yass\u0131 \u00c7emen Sava\u015f\u0131 (1230):<\/strong><\/h3><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"86\"><strong>D\u00f6nem:<\/strong> <strong>I. Al\u00e2eddin Keykubat<\/strong> (T\u00fcrkiye Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131n\u0131n en parlak d\u00f6nemi).<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"87\"><strong>Olay:<\/strong> <strong>Celaleddin Harzem\u015fah<\/strong>&#8216;\u0131n <strong>Ahlat<\/strong>&#8216;a sald\u0131rmas\u0131 \u00fczerine yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, <strong>Harzem\u015fah Devleti<\/strong> yenilmi\u015ftir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"88\"><strong>\u00d6nemli Sonu\u00e7:<\/strong> Bir y\u0131l sonra y\u0131k\u0131lan <strong>Harzem\u015fahlar<\/strong>, Sel\u00e7uklular ile Mo\u011follar aras\u0131ndaki <strong>tampon b\u00f6lge olma \u00f6zelli\u011fini yitirmi\u015f<\/strong>; <strong>T\u00fcrkiye Sel\u00e7uklu Devleti<\/strong> ile <strong>Mo\u011follar (\u0130lhanl\u0131lar)<\/strong> s\u0131n\u0131r kom\u015fusu olmu\u015ftur (Bu durum Sel\u00e7uklunun zarar\u0131na olmu\u015ftur).<\/li><\/ul><h3 id=\"tk-kosedag-savasi-1243\" data-tk-source=\"89\"><strong>K\u00f6seda\u011f Sava\u015f\u0131 (1243):<\/strong><\/h3><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"90\"><strong>D\u00f6nem:<\/strong> <strong>II. G\u0131yaseddin <\/strong><strong>Keyh\u00fcsrev<\/strong><\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"91\"><strong>Taraflar:<\/strong> <strong>T\u00fcrkiye Sel\u00e7uklu Devleti<\/strong> ile <strong>Mo\u011follar (\u0130lhanl\u0131lar)<\/strong>.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"92\"><strong>Sonu\u00e7:<\/strong> T\u00fcrk ordusu a\u011f\u0131r bir ma\u011flubiyet alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <strong>T\u00fcrkiye Sel\u00e7uklu Devleti<\/strong> y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131\u015f s\u00fcrecine girmi\u015f, Anadolu T\u00fcrk siyasi birli\u011fi bozulmu\u015f ve <strong>\u0130kinci Beylikler D\u00f6nemi<\/strong> ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Mo\u011fol tahribat\u0131 Anadolu&#8217;yu derinden sarsm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><\/ul><h3 id=\"tk-turkiye-selcuklu-devleti-nin-yikilma-nedenleri\" data-tk-source=\"93\"><strong>T\u00fcrkiye Sel\u00e7uklu Devleti\u2019nin Y\u0131k\u0131lma Nedenleri:<\/strong><\/h3><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"94\"><strong>Baba \u0130shak (Babailer) \u0130syan\u0131 (1240):<\/strong> Devleti i\u00e7ten zay\u0131flatan ilk b\u00fcy\u00fck T\u00fcrkmen ve dini\/sosyal nitelikli isyand\u0131r. Devletin zay\u0131fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 Mo\u011follara g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"95\"><strong>1243 K\u00f6seda\u011f Sava\u015f\u0131:<\/strong> Mo\u011follar kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda al\u0131nan yok edici asker\u00ee yenilgi.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"96\"><strong>Ha\u00e7l\u0131 Seferleri:<\/strong> Y\u00fczy\u0131llar s\u00fcren seferlerin Anadolu&#8217;da yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ekonomik ve demografik y\u0131k\u0131m.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"97\"><strong>Vezir Sadettin K\u00f6pek&#8217;in \u0130htiraslar\u0131:<\/strong> \u00d6nemli devlet adamlar\u0131n\u0131 haks\u0131z yere \u00f6ld\u00fcrterek devleti zaafa u\u011fratan entrikalar\u0131.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"98\"><strong>Taht Kavgalar\u0131:<\/strong> Eski T\u00fcrk gelene\u011fi olan <strong>&#8220;\u00dclke hanedan\u0131n ortak mal\u0131d\u0131r&#8221; (Veraset)<\/strong> anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n getirdi\u011fi kanl\u0131 taht m\u00fccadeleleri.<\/li><\/ul><\/section><section class=\"tk-kart\"><h2 id=\"tk-anadolu-da-ikinci-beylikler-donemi\" data-tk-source=\"99\"><strong>ANADOLU\u2019DA \u0130K\u0130NC\u0130 BEYL\u0130KLER D\u00d6NEM\u0130<\/strong><\/h2><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"100\"><strong>1243 K\u00f6seda\u011f Sava\u015f\u0131<\/strong> sonras\u0131 Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131n <strong>Mo\u011fol (\u0130lhanl\u0131)<\/strong> egemenli\u011fine girmesiyle u\u00e7lardaki <strong>T\u00fcrkmen beyleri<\/strong> ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ilan etmi\u015f, ancak bir s\u00fcre <strong>\u0130lhanl\u0131lara<\/strong> vergi \u00f6demek zorunda kalm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"101\">1336 y\u0131l\u0131nda <strong>\u0130lhanl\u0131 Devleti<\/strong>&#8216;nin y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131yla bu beylikler tam ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olmu\u015f ve <strong>\u0130kinci T\u00fcrk Beylikleri D\u00f6nemi<\/strong> resmen ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><\/ul><h3 id=\"tk-kurulan-ikinci-beylikler-ve-merkezleri\" data-tk-source=\"102\"><strong>Kurulan \u0130kinci Beylikler ve Merkezleri:<\/strong><\/h3><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"103\"><strong>Karamano\u011fullar\u0131:<\/strong> Merkez <strong>Karaman\/Konya<\/strong>. Kendilerini T\u00fcrkiye Sel\u00e7uklu Devleti&#8217;nin me\u015fru varisi olarak g\u00f6rd\u00fckleri i\u00e7in d\u00f6nemin en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc beyli\u011fidir. <strong>Osmanl\u0131&#8217;y\u0131 en \u00e7ok u\u011fra\u015ft\u0131ran beyliktir.<\/strong><\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"104\"><strong>Germiyano\u011fullar\u0131:<\/strong> Merkez <strong>K\u00fctahya<\/strong> civar\u0131. (Osmanl\u0131&#8217;ya \u00e7eyiz yoluyla toprak b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r).<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"105\"><strong>Ayd\u0131no\u011fullar\u0131:<\/strong> Merkez <strong>Ayd\u0131n<\/strong> civar\u0131. (Denizcilik faaliyetleri ile \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015flard\u0131r).<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"106\"><strong>Mente\u015feo\u011fullar\u0131:<\/strong> Merkez <strong>Mu\u011fla<\/strong> civar\u0131. (Denizcilik faaliyetleri).<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"107\"><strong>Saruhano\u011fullar\u0131:<\/strong> Merkez <strong>\u0130zmir\/Manisa<\/strong> civar\u0131. (Denizcilik faaliyetleri).<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"108\"><strong>Karesio\u011fullar\u0131:<\/strong> Merkez <strong>Bal\u0131kesir\/\u00c7anakkale<\/strong> civar\u0131. (Denizcilik faaliyetleri yapm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. <strong>Osmanl\u0131&#8217;ya kat\u0131lan \u0130LK beyliktir<\/strong>, bu sayede Osmanl\u0131 donanma sahibi olmu\u015ftur).<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"109\"><strong>Osmano\u011fullar\u0131:<\/strong> Merkez <strong>S\u00f6\u011f\u00fct\/Domani\u00e7<\/strong> civar\u0131.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"110\"><strong>Hamito\u011fullar\u0131:<\/strong> Merkez <strong>Isparta\/Burdur<\/strong> civar\u0131. (Osmanl\u0131&#8217;ya para yoluyla toprak satm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r).<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"111\"><strong>Candaro\u011fullar\u0131:<\/strong> Merkez <strong>Kastamonu\/Sinop<\/strong> civar\u0131. (Karadeniz&#8217;de denizcilik faaliyetleri).<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"112\"><strong>Ramazano\u011fullar\u0131:<\/strong> Merkez <strong>Adana\/Tarsus<\/strong> civar\u0131.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"113\"><strong>Dulkadiro\u011fullar\u0131:<\/strong> Merkez <strong>Mara\u015f\/Elbistan<\/strong> civar\u0131. (<strong>Turnada\u011f<\/strong><strong> Sava\u015f\u0131<\/strong> ile <strong>Osmanl\u0131&#8217;ya kat\u0131lan SON beyliktir<\/strong>, b\u00f6ylece Anadolu T\u00fcrk siyasi birli\u011fi kesin olarak sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r).<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"114\"><strong>Eretna Devleti:<\/strong> Merkez <strong>Sivas, Kayseri, Ankara<\/strong> civar\u0131. (Kurucusu Uygur k\u00f6kenli bir komutand\u0131r).<\/li><\/ul><\/section><section class=\"tk-kart\"><h2 id=\"tk-turkiye-selcuklu-devleti-kultur-ve-uygarligi\" data-tk-source=\"115\"><strong>T\u00dcRK\u0130YE SEL\u00c7UKLU DEVLET\u0130 K\u00dcLT\u00dcR VE UYGARLI\u011eI<\/strong><\/h2><h3 id=\"tk-devlet-yonetimi-ve-ordu\" data-tk-source=\"116\"><strong>Devlet Y\u00f6netimi ve Ordu<\/strong><\/h3><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"117\">Devletin ba\u015f\u0131nda <strong>Sel\u00e7uklu<\/strong> soyundan gelen bir <strong>Sultan<\/strong> bulunur.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"118\">H\u00fck\u00fcmdarlar <strong>Fars\u00e7a<\/strong> k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn etkisiyle <strong>Keyh\u00fcsrev<\/strong>, <strong>Keykavus<\/strong>, <strong>Keykubat<\/strong> gibi unvanlar kullanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"119\"><strong>&#8220;\u00dclke hanedan\u0131n ortak mal\u0131d\u0131r&#8221;<\/strong> anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 kabul edilmi\u015f, topraklar \u015fehzadeler aras\u0131nda payla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"120\">Merkezi y\u00f6netim organ\u0131 <strong>Divan-\u0131 <\/strong><strong>\u00c2la<\/strong> veya di\u011fer ad\u0131yla <strong>Div\u00e2n-\u0131 Saltanat (B\u00fcy\u00fck Div\u00e2n)<\/strong> olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Her t\u00fcrl\u00fc konu burada g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcl\u00fcp karara ba\u011flan\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"121\">Ayr\u0131ca a\u011f\u0131r siyasi su\u00e7lar\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve halk\u0131n \u015fikayetlerinin dinlendi\u011fi, <strong>Sultan\u0131n bizzat ba\u015fkanl\u0131k etti\u011fi y\u00fcksek mahkemeye Divan-\u0131 Mezalim<\/strong> denir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"122\">H\u00fck\u00fcmdar \u00e7ocuklar\u0131na <strong>\u015eehzade<\/strong> (ta\u015fradaki ad\u0131yla <strong>Melik<\/strong>) denir. Devlet tecr\u00fcbesi kazanmalar\u0131 i\u00e7in k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ya\u015flarda vilayetlere g\u00f6nderilirler.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"123\">\u015eehzadeleri e\u011fiten tecr\u00fcbeli devlet adamlar\u0131na <strong>Atabey<\/strong> ad\u0131 verilir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"124\">\u00dclke idari olarak eyaletlere ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Eyaletlerin ba\u015f\u0131nda <strong>Emir<\/strong> ad\u0131 verilen asker\u00ee valiler bulunur. \u00d6nemli eyaletleri ise <strong>Melik<\/strong> unvanl\u0131 \u015fehzadeler y\u00f6netir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"125\">\u015eehirlerin i\u00e7 g\u00fcvenli\u011finden <strong>Suba\u015f\u0131lar<\/strong> sorumludur.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"126\"><strong>Bizans<\/strong> ve <strong>Ermeni<\/strong> s\u0131n\u0131r b\u00f6lgelerini <strong>U\u00e7 Beyleri<\/strong> y\u00f6netir. G\u00f6revleri: S\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 korumak, d\u00fc\u015fmana ak\u0131nlar d\u00fczenlemek ve sultanla sefere \u00e7\u0131kmakt\u0131r.<\/li><\/ul><h3 id=\"tk-divan-cesitleri-ve-gorevleri\" data-tk-source=\"127\"><strong>Divan \u00c7e\u015fitleri ve G\u00f6revleri:<\/strong><\/h3><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"128\"><strong>Divan-\u0131 Tu\u011fra:<\/strong> \u0130\u00e7 ve d\u0131\u015f yaz\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 sultan ad\u0131na yapar, belgelere tu\u011fra \u00e7eker. Ba\u015fkan\u0131: <strong>Tu\u011frac\u0131<\/strong>.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"129\"><strong>Divan-\u0131 Arz:<\/strong> Asker\u00ee i\u015fler, ordunun ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 ve maa\u015flar\u0131ndan sorumludur. Ba\u015fkan\u0131: <strong>Emir-i Arz<\/strong>.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"130\"><strong>Divan-\u0131 \u0130stifa:<\/strong> Mali i\u015fler, vergi toplama ve b\u00fct\u00e7e yap\u0131m\u0131ndan sorumludur. Ba\u015fkan\u0131: <strong>M\u00fcstevfi<\/strong>.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"131\"><strong>Divan-\u0131 <\/strong><strong>\u0130\u015fraf<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong> \u0130dari ve mali denetim yapar, kanunlara uyulup uyulmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kontrol eder. Ba\u015fkan\u0131: <strong>M\u00fc\u015frif<\/strong>.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"132\"><strong>Divan-\u0131 Pervane:<\/strong> Tapu sicil kay\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131 tutar, istihbarat yapar, dirlik (ikta) arazilerini da\u011f\u0131t\u0131r. Ba\u015fkan\u0131: <strong>Pervaneci<\/strong>.<\/li><\/ul><h3 id=\"tk-ordu-bolumleri\" data-tk-source=\"133\"><strong>Ordu B\u00f6l\u00fcmleri:<\/strong><\/h3><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"134\"><strong>Hassa Askerleri (<\/strong><strong>Gul\u00e2mlar<\/strong><strong>):<\/strong> H\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131n s\u00fcrekli yan\u0131nda bulunan, sarayda yeti\u015fen, \u00fc\u00e7 ayda bir maa\u015f (bistegani) alan atl\u0131 ve yaya muhaf\u0131zlard\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"135\"><strong>Sipahiler (<\/strong><strong>\u0130kta<\/strong><strong> Askerleri):<\/strong> Tamamen T\u00fcrklerden olu\u015fan atl\u0131 birliklerdir. Maa\u015f yerine <strong>\u0130kta<\/strong><strong> (dirlik)<\/strong> gelirleriyle beslenirler (Cebel\u00fc) ve sava\u015fta ikta sahibiyle orduya kat\u0131l\u0131rlar. Ordunun en kalabal\u0131k b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"136\"><strong>T\u00fcrkmenler:<\/strong> U\u00e7 b\u00f6lgelerinde her an sava\u015fa haz\u0131r bekleyen s\u0131n\u0131r birlikleridir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"137\"><strong>Beylik Askerleri:<\/strong> Devlete ba\u011fl\u0131 beyliklerden ihtiya\u00e7 an\u0131nda davet edilen destek askerlerdir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"138\"><strong>Donanma:<\/strong> Deniz sava\u015flar\u0131na kat\u0131lan birliklerdir. Donanma komutanlar\u0131na <strong>Reis\u00fc\u2019l-bahr<\/strong> (veya <strong>Emir\u00fc&#8217;s-sevahil<\/strong>) denir.<\/li><\/ul><h3 id=\"tk-sosyal-hayat\" data-tk-source=\"139\"><strong>Sosyal Hayat<\/strong><\/h3><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"140\">Anadolu; hanlar, hamamlar, kervansaraylar, k\u00fcmbetler, camiler ve medreseler ile <strong>bay\u0131nd\u0131r<\/strong> (ya\u015fanabilir, imar edilmi\u015f) h\u00e2le getirilmi\u015ftir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"141\">Fethedilen yerlere <strong>T\u00fcrkmenler isk\u00e2n edilmi\u015f<\/strong> (yerle\u015ftirilmi\u015f), b\u00f6ylece T\u00fcrkle\u015fme ve \u0130slamla\u015fma h\u0131zlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"142\">Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131n adil ve ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fc politikas\u0131 sayesinde Ermeniler, Rumlar, G\u00fcrc\u00fcler ve di\u011fer gayrim\u00fcslimler huzurla ya\u015fam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"143\">Avrupa&#8217;n\u0131n (Feodalite) aksine T\u00fcrkiye Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131nda kesinlikle <strong>sosyal tabakala\u015fma (s\u0131n\u0131f ayr\u0131m\u0131) yoktur<\/strong>.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"144\"><strong>Halk\u0131n Resm\u00ee Tasnifi (3 Grup):<\/strong><\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"145\"><strong>\u015eehirliler:<\/strong> Askerler, memurlar, ilmiye s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131, esnaf ve zanaatk\u00e2rlardan olu\u015fur.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"146\"><strong>K\u00f6yl\u00fcler:<\/strong> Ba\u015flar\u0131nda <strong>K\u00f6y Keth\u00fcdas\u0131<\/strong> bulunur. Tar\u0131m ve hayvanc\u0131l\u0131kla u\u011fra\u015f\u0131rlar.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"147\"><strong>Konarg\u00f6\u00e7erler:<\/strong> Hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k yaparlar, <strong>Yaylak<\/strong> ve <strong>K\u0131\u015flaklar\u0131<\/strong> vard\u0131r. Devlet onlar\u0131 u\u00e7 b\u00f6lgelere yerle\u015ftirerek yerle\u015fik hayata ge\u00e7irmeyi ama\u00e7lam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><\/ul><h3 id=\"tk-ahilik-teskilati\" data-tk-source=\"148\"><strong>Ahilik Te\u015fkilat\u0131:<\/strong><\/h3><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"149\"><strong>XIII. (13.) Y\u00fczy\u0131lda<\/strong> <strong>Ahi Evran<\/strong> taraf\u0131ndan <strong>K\u0131r\u015fehir<\/strong>\u2019de kurulmu\u015ftur.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"150\">Esnaf ve zanaatk\u00e2rlar\u0131n sosyal\/ekonomik \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmesidir. Sadece mesleki de\u011fil; k\u00fclt\u00fcr, inan\u00e7, yi\u011fitlik ve ahlaki bir kurumdur.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"151\">Ahilik te\u015fkilat\u0131n\u0131n kurallar\u0131n\u0131 ve ahlaki felsefesini bar\u0131nd\u0131ran nizamnameye <strong>F\u00fct\u00fcvvetname<\/strong> denir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"152\">Haks\u0131z rekabeti \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in mal\u0131n fiyat\u0131n\u0131 (Narh kesmek), cinsini ve \u00fcretim miktar\u0131n\u0131 <strong>Loncalar<\/strong> belirler.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"153\"><em>G\u00fcncel Bilgi:<\/em> \u00dclkemizde her Ekim ay\u0131n\u0131n 2. haftas\u0131 &#8220;Ahilik Haftas\u0131&#8221; olarak kutlan\u0131r.<\/li><\/ul><h3 id=\"tk-ekonomik-hayat\" data-tk-source=\"154\"><strong>Ekonomik Hayat<\/strong><\/h3><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"155\">Tar\u0131m \u00e7ok \u00f6nemsenmi\u015f, su kanallar\u0131 yap\u0131larak zirai \u00fcr\u00fcn art\u0131\u015f\u0131 sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00c7ift\u00e7ilere din\/\u0131rk ayr\u0131m\u0131 yap\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n tohum ve g\u00fcbre yard\u0131m\u0131 yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"156\">Ticaretin geli\u015fmesi i\u00e7in <strong>Antalya<\/strong>, <strong>Alanya<\/strong>, <strong>Samsun<\/strong>, <strong>Sinop<\/strong> ve K\u0131r\u0131m\u2019daki <strong>Su\u011fdak<\/strong> gibi \u00f6nemli limanlar fethedilmi\u015ftir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"157\">T\u00fcccarlara g\u00fcmr\u00fck kolayl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015f, yollara \u00fccretsiz konaklama ve g\u00fcvenlik i\u00e7in <strong>Kervansaraylar<\/strong> in\u015fa edilmi\u015ftir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"158\">Tarihteki <strong>ilk devlet destekli Sigortac\u0131l\u0131k Sistemi<\/strong> uygulanm\u0131\u015f; mal\u0131 zarar g\u00f6ren, soyulan t\u00fcccar\u0131n zarar\u0131 devlet\u00e7e kar\u015f\u0131lanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (Uluslararas\u0131 ticareti canland\u0131rmak i\u00e7in).<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"159\">\u015eehirlerde <strong>Hanlar<\/strong> ve <strong>Kapal\u0131 \u00c7ar\u015f\u0131lar (Bedestenler)<\/strong> kurularak ticari hayat canland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"160\"><strong>Sanayi Merkezleri:<\/strong> Dokuma, dericilik, demircilik ve bak\u0131rc\u0131l\u0131k geli\u015fmi\u015ftir. <strong>Konya, Sivas, Kayseri, Malatya, Erzincan<\/strong> d\u00f6nemin sanayi \u015fehirleridir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"161\"><strong>Madenler:<\/strong> <strong>Diyarbak\u0131r<\/strong> ve <strong>Sivas<\/strong>&#8216;ta bak\u0131r, <strong>K\u00fctahya<\/strong>&#8216;da g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><\/ul><h3 id=\"tk-ikta-sistemi-nedir\" data-tk-source=\"162\"><strong>\u0130kta<\/strong><strong> Sistemi Nedir?<\/strong><\/h3><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"163\">M\u00fclkiyeti devlete ait olan <strong>Mir\u00ee<\/strong> arazilerin gelirlerinin, asker\u00ee veya idari hizmet kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 <strong>Melik<\/strong>, <strong>Emir<\/strong> ve <strong>Valilere<\/strong> (\u0130kta Sahibi) tahsis edilmesidir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"164\">\u0130yi i\u015fletildi\u011fi s\u00fcrece miras b\u0131rak\u0131labilir; ancak arka arkaya <strong>\u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131l bo\u015f b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131rsa devlet topra\u011f\u0131 geri al\u0131r<\/strong> (\u00dcretimde s\u00fcreklilik kural\u0131).<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"165\"><strong>\u0130kta<\/strong><strong> Sahibinin G\u00f6revleri:<\/strong> B\u00f6lgede atl\u0131 asker (<strong>Cebel\u00fc<\/strong>) beslemek, askerlerin e\u011fitimini sa\u011flamak, sava\u015f zaman\u0131 onlarla sefere kat\u0131lmak, vergi toplamak ve b\u00f6lgenin g\u00fcvenli\u011fini sa\u011flamak.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"166\"><strong>G\u00fcvenlik \u00d6nlemi:<\/strong> \u0130kta sahiplerinin yerel bir g\u00fc\u00e7 (feodal bey) olmas\u0131n\u0131 engellemek i\u00e7in g\u00f6rev yerleri s\u0131k s\u0131k (genelde iki y\u0131lda bir) de\u011fi\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"167\"><strong>Faydalar\u0131:<\/strong> Hazineden nakit para \u00e7\u0131kmadan devasa bir ordu kuruldu, ta\u015frada devlet otoritesi sa\u011fland\u0131, tar\u0131msal \u00fcretim s\u00fcrekli k\u0131l\u0131nd\u0131, memur maa\u015flar\u0131 toprak geliriyle \u00f6dendi.<\/li><\/ul><h3 id=\"tk-bilim-ve-kulturel-hayat\" data-tk-source=\"168\"><strong>Bilim ve K\u00fclt\u00fcrel Hayat<\/strong><\/h3><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"169\">B\u00fcy\u00fck Sel\u00e7uklu&#8217;daki <strong>Nizamiye Medreseleri<\/strong> gelene\u011fi Anadolu&#8217;ya ta\u015f\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. T\u0131p, matematik, astronomi, fizik ve din\u00ee e\u011fitim bir arada verilmi\u015ftir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"170\">Anadolu&#8217;daki en \u00f6nemli ilk hastane (<strong>Dar\u00fc\u015f\u015fifa<\/strong>), 1205 y\u0131l\u0131nda <strong>Kayseri<\/strong>&#8216;de a\u00e7\u0131lan <strong>Gevher Nesibe <\/strong><strong>Dar\u00fc\u015f\u015fifas\u0131<\/strong>&#8216;d\u0131r.<\/li><\/ul><h3 id=\"tk-onemli-sahsiyetler-xiii-yuzyil\" data-tk-source=\"171\"><strong>\u00d6nemli \u015eahsiyetler (XIII. Y\u00fczy\u0131l):<\/strong><\/h3><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"172\"><strong>Mevl\u00e2n\u00e2 <\/strong><strong>Cel\u00e2ledd\u00een<\/strong><strong>-\u00ee Rum\u00ee:<\/strong> <strong>Konya<\/strong>&#8216;da ilahi a\u015fk\u0131 ve insan sevgisini i\u015fledi (Eseri: Mesnevi).<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"173\"><strong>Hac\u0131 Bekta\u015f Veli:<\/strong> Anadolu&#8217;nun T\u00fcrkle\u015fmesi ve \u0130slamla\u015fmas\u0131nda \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli rol oynam\u0131\u015f tasavvuf alimidir (Eseri: <strong>Makalat<\/strong>).<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"174\"><strong>Muhyiddin Arabi &amp; Sadrettin Konevi &amp; Necmeddin Razi:<\/strong> Tasavvuf (<strong>Sufizm<\/strong>) alan\u0131nda devle\u015fmi\u015flerdir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"175\"><strong>Yunus Emre:<\/strong> T\u00fcrk\u00e7e tasavvuf \u015fiirlerinin en b\u00fcy\u00fck ustas\u0131d\u0131r. Halk diliyle yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"176\"><strong>\u0130bn-i Bibi:<\/strong> D\u00f6nemin \u00fcnl\u00fc tarih\u00e7isidir, devlet y\u00f6netimi hakk\u0131nda eserler vermi\u015ftir.<\/li><\/ul><h3 id=\"tk-mimari-eserler-ve-sanat-xii-yuzyil-ortalarindan-itibaren\" data-tk-source=\"177\"><strong>Mimari Eserler ve Sanat (XII. Y\u00fczy\u0131l Ortalar\u0131ndan \u0130tibaren):<\/strong><\/h3><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"178\"><strong>Sultan Mesut<\/strong> d\u00f6neminde ba\u015flayan <strong>Konya Al\u00e2eddin Cami<\/strong>.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"179\"><strong>Ni\u011fde Al\u00e2eddin Cami<\/strong>, <strong>Kayseri<\/strong>&#8216;de <strong>Hunat<\/strong><strong> Hatun Cami ve K\u00fclliyesi<\/strong>.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"180\"><strong>Konya<\/strong>&#8216;da <strong>Ta\u015f Mescit<\/strong>, <strong>S\u0131r\u00e7al\u0131 Mescit<\/strong> ve <strong>Karatay Mescidi<\/strong>.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"181\"><strong>S\u00fcsleme Sanatlar\u0131:<\/strong> Kabartma, minyat\u00fcr, oymac\u0131l\u0131k, \u00e7inicilik zirve yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130nsan ve hayvan fig\u00fcrleri geometrik olarak kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"182\"><strong>Devletin Simgesi:<\/strong> G\u00fc\u00e7 ve kudretin simgesi olan <strong>\u00c7ift Ba\u015fl\u0131 Kartal<\/strong> motifi saray ve kale surlar\u0131na i\u015flenmi\u015ftir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"183\"><strong>M\u00fczik:<\/strong> Mevlevi ve Ahi zaviyelerinde tasavvuf m\u00fczi\u011fi, derg\u00e2hlarda <strong>Kopuz<\/strong> e\u015fli\u011finde <strong>Dede Korkut Hik\u00e2yeleri<\/strong>, sarayda ise askeri bandolar (Nevbet) \u00f6n plandad\u0131r.<\/li><\/ul><h3 id=\"tk-hacli-seferleri-xi-xiii-yuzyillar\" data-tk-source=\"184\"><strong>HA\u00c7LI SEFERLER\u0130 (XI<\/strong><strong>. &#8211;<\/strong><strong> XIII. Y\u00fczy\u0131llar)<\/strong><\/h3><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"185\">Hristiyanlar\u0131n, M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlardan &#8220;kutsal topraklar\u0131&#8221; geri almak i\u00e7in ba\u015flatt\u0131klar\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck ak\u0131nlard\u0131r. Askerlerin elbiselerindeki ha\u00e7 sembol\u00fcnden dolay\u0131 bu ad\u0131 alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"186\">Toplam 8 sefer yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, <strong>I, II ve III. Ha\u00e7l\u0131 seferleri do\u011frudan Anadolu (T\u00fcrkiye Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131)<\/strong> \u00fczerinden ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir.<\/li><\/ul><h3 id=\"tk-seferlerin-nedenleri\" data-tk-source=\"187\"><strong>Seferlerin Nedenleri:<\/strong><\/h3><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"188\"><strong>Din\u00ee:<\/strong> <strong>Kud\u00fcs, Antakya ve Urfa<\/strong>&#8216;y\u0131 M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlardan almak. Katolik Kilisesi ve <strong>Kluni<\/strong><strong> Tarikat\u0131<\/strong>&#8216;n\u0131n k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtmalar\u0131.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"189\"><strong>Ekonomik:<\/strong> Avrupal\u0131lar\u0131n &#8220;Do\u011fu&#8217;nun efsanevi zenginliklerine&#8221; ula\u015fma arzusu. Avrupa&#8217;n\u0131n i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu yoksulluk.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"190\"><strong>Siyasi:<\/strong> <strong>Bizans<\/strong>&#8216;\u0131n T\u00fcrk ilerleyi\u015fini (<strong>Malazgirt<\/strong> sonras\u0131) durduramay\u0131p Avrupa&#8217;dan yard\u0131m istemesi. Feodal beylerin (Derebeylerin) \u015f\u00f6hret ve yeni toprak arzusu.<\/li><\/ul><h3 id=\"tk-onemli-hacli-seferleri-ve-gelisimi\" data-tk-source=\"191\"><strong>\u00d6nemli Ha\u00e7l\u0131 Seferleri ve Geli\u015fimi:<\/strong><\/h3><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"192\"><strong>I. Ha\u00e7l\u0131 Seferi (1096-1099):<\/strong><\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"193\">Say\u0131ca \u00fcst\u00fcn Ha\u00e7l\u0131 ordusu kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda <strong>Sultan I. K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7arslan<\/strong> <strong>\u0130znik<\/strong>&#8216;i bo\u015faltarak ba\u015fkenti <strong>Konya<\/strong>&#8216;ya ta\u015f\u0131mak zorunda kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"194\">Ha\u00e7l\u0131lar <strong>Kud\u00fcs<\/strong>&#8216;\u00fc ele ge\u00e7irip <strong>Latin Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/strong>; <strong>Urfa<\/strong> ve <strong>Antakya<\/strong>&#8216;da ise kontluk\/d\u00fckal\u0131k kurmu\u015ftur.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye tk-dikkat-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"195\"><strong>Dikkat:<\/strong> Ha\u00e7l\u0131lar\u0131n amac\u0131na ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 oldu\u011fu TEK sefer budur.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"196\"><strong>II. Ha\u00e7l\u0131 Seferi (1147-1149):<\/strong><\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"197\"><strong>Neden:<\/strong> Musul Atabeyi <strong>\u0130madeddin<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>Zengi<\/strong>&#8216;nin <strong>Urfa<\/strong>&#8216;y\u0131 Ha\u00e7l\u0131lardan geri almas\u0131.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"198\"><strong>Geli\u015fim:<\/strong> Tarihte <strong>ilk kez Krallar ve \u0130mparatorlar kat\u0131ld\u0131<\/strong> (Alman \u0130mparatoru <strong>III. Kontrat<\/strong> ve Fransa Kral\u0131 <strong>VII. <\/strong><strong>Lui<\/strong>).<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"199\"><strong>Sonu\u00e7:<\/strong> T\u00fcrkiye Sel\u00e7uklu Sultan\u0131 <strong>I. Mesut<\/strong>, Konya Ovas\u0131 ve Toroslarda Ha\u00e7l\u0131lar\u0131 a\u011f\u0131r bir yenilgiye u\u011fratt\u0131.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"200\"><strong>III. Ha\u00e7l\u0131 Seferi (1189-1192):<\/strong><\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"201\"><strong>Neden:<\/strong> Eyy\u00fcbi H\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 <strong>Selahaddin Eyyubi<\/strong>&#8216;nin <strong>1187 Hittin Sava\u015f\u0131<\/strong> ile <strong>Kud\u00fcs<\/strong>&#8216;\u00fc Ha\u00e7l\u0131lardan geri almas\u0131.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"202\"><strong>Geli\u015fim:<\/strong> Alman (<strong>Frederik <\/strong><strong>Barbaros<\/strong> &#8211; Silifke&#8217;de bo\u011fuldu), \u0130ngiliz (<strong>Arslan Y\u00fcrekli <\/strong><strong>Ri\u015far<\/strong>) ve Frans\u0131z (<strong>Filip <\/strong><strong>Og\u00fcst<\/strong>) krallar\u0131 kat\u0131ld\u0131.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"203\">Sel\u00e7uklu Sultan\u0131 <strong>II. K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7arslan<\/strong> \u00fclkeyi 11 o\u011flu aras\u0131nda payla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir merkezi ordu \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lamad\u0131 ancak direni\u015f g\u00f6sterildi.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"204\"><strong>Selahaddin Eyyubi<\/strong> Kud\u00fcs&#8217;\u00fc ba\u015far\u0131yla savundu. Sava\u015flar Ha\u00e7l\u0131lar lehine bir \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck sa\u011flanamadan bitti.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"205\"><strong>IV. Ha\u00e7l\u0131 Seferi (1202-1204):<\/strong><\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"206\">Papa&#8217;n\u0131n \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131yla Kud\u00fcs i\u00e7in yola \u00e7\u0131kan ordu, Bizans&#8217;taki taht kavgalar\u0131n\u0131 bahane ederek <strong>amac\u0131ndan sapm\u0131\u015f ve \u0130stanbul&#8217;u i\u015fgal edip ya\u011fmalam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r<\/strong>.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"207\">\u0130stanbul&#8217;da bir <strong>Latin \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu<\/strong> kuruldu (Bu durum Katolik-Ortodoks d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 zirveye ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131).<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"208\"><em>(Not: \u0130lk 4 sefer do\u011frudan Anadolu ve Ortado\u011fu&#8217;yu etkilerken, son 4 sefer farkl\u0131 rotalardan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve hi\u00e7bir kal\u0131c\u0131 netice vermemi\u015ftir).<\/em><\/li><\/ul><h3 id=\"tk-hacli-seferlerinin-sonuclari\" data-tk-source=\"209\"><strong>Ha\u00e7l\u0131 Seferlerinin Sonu\u00e7lar\u0131:<\/strong><\/h3><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"210\"><strong>Din\u00ee:<\/strong> Avrupa&#8217;da Kiliseye ve din adamlar\u0131na duyulan g\u00fcven sars\u0131ld\u0131. Katolik ve Ortodoks ayr\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 derinle\u015fti. Dogmatik (sorgulanamaz) <strong>Skolastik d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce<\/strong> zay\u0131flad\u0131.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"211\"><strong>Siyasi:<\/strong> Sefere kat\u0131lan soylular\u0131n \u00f6lmesiyle <strong>Feodalite (Derebeylik) zay\u0131flad\u0131<\/strong>, Merkezi Krall\u0131klar g\u00fc\u00e7lendi. T\u00fcrklerin Bat\u0131&#8217;ya ilerleyi\u015fi bir s\u00fcre durdu. \u0130slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131 y\u0131prand\u0131 ve yakla\u015fan Mo\u011fol tehlikesine kar\u015f\u0131 savunmas\u0131z kald\u0131.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"212\"><strong>Ekonomik \/ Sosyal:<\/strong> <strong>Do\u011fu-Bat\u0131 ticareti (Akdeniz ticareti)<\/strong> h\u0131zland\u0131. <strong>Venedik, Ceneviz, Marsilya<\/strong> gibi Akdeniz limanlar\u0131 de\u011fer kazand\u0131. Burjuva (t\u00fcccar) s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 zenginle\u015fti. Seferleri finanse eden tefeciler sayesinde <strong>Bankac\u0131l\u0131k<\/strong> do\u011fdu.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"213\"><strong>Bilimsel \/ K\u00fclt\u00fcrel (\u00c7ok \u00d6nemli):<\/strong> Avrupal\u0131lar \u0130slam medeniyetinin pozitif bilimleriyle tan\u0131\u015ft\u0131. <strong>Barut, pusula, matbaa ve k\u00e2\u011f\u0131t<\/strong> M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlardan Avrupa&#8217;ya ta\u015f\u0131nd\u0131 (Bu icatlar Avrupa&#8217;da Yeni\u00e7a\u011f&#8217;da ya\u015fanacak <strong>R\u00f6nesans, Reform ve Co\u011frafi Ke\u015fiflerin<\/strong> zeminini haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r).<\/li><\/ul><p class=\"tk-paragraf\" data-tk-source=\"214\">&#8220;Bu ders notlar\u0131n\u0131n her hakk\u0131 sakl\u0131d\u0131r. Hangi ama\u00e7la olursa olsun, ders notlar\u0131n\u0131n tamam\u0131n\u0131n veya bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n <strong>www.tarihkursu.com<\/strong><strong> <\/strong>sitesinin yaz\u0131l\u0131 izni olmadan sosyal medyada ve internet ortam\u0131nda payla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131, kopya edilmesi, foto\u011fraf\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ekilmesi, herhangi bir yolla \u00e7o\u011falt\u0131lmas\u0131, yay\u0131mlanmas\u0131 ya da kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 yasakt\u0131r. 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