{"id":3419,"date":"2026-08-01T14:41:46","date_gmt":"2026-08-01T11:41:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/?p=3419"},"modified":"2026-08-01T15:11:20","modified_gmt":"2026-08-01T12:11:20","slug":"osmanli-kurulus-donemi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/index.php\/2026\/08\/01\/osmanli-kurulus-donemi\/","title":{"rendered":"Osmanl\u0131 Kurulu\u015f D\u00f6nemi KPSS Tarih Ders Notlar\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Osmanl\u0131 Kurulu\u015f D\u00f6nemi <\/strong>i\u00e7eri\u011fi; XIII. y\u00fczy\u0131l sonunda Anadolu ve \u00e7evresinin siyasi durumu, Osmanl\u0131 Beyli\u011fi\u2019nin kurulu\u015fu ve k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede g\u00fc\u00e7lenme nedenleri, Osman Bey, Orhan Bey, I. Murat, Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m Bayezid, Fetret Devri, I. Mehmet ve II. Murat d\u00f6nemi konular\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7ermektedir. <strong>KPSS tarih<\/strong> s\u0131nav\u0131na y\u00f6nelik haz\u0131rlanan bu <strong>KPSS tarih ders notlar\u0131<\/strong>, 1299-1453 aras\u0131ndaki devletle\u015fme s\u00fcrecini sava\u015flar ve te\u015fkilatlanma ad\u0131mlar\u0131yla birlikte kavramay\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r. <strong>Online KPSS tarih ders <\/strong>notlar\u0131 sayesinde  <strong>KPSS, EKPSS, MEB AGS ve \u00d6ABT <\/strong>s\u0131navlar\u0131na tam olarak haz\u0131rlanacaks\u0131n\u0131z. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma KPSS \u00f6zet ders notlar\u0131 arayan \u00f6\u011frenciler i\u00e7in d\u00fczenli bir tekrar kayna\u011f\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<style>\n.tk-ders-notu{--tk-lacivert:#12355b;--tk-turkuaz:#087f8c;--tk-bordo:#8b1e3f;--tk-altin:#d69e2e;--tk-acik-mavi:#eef6ff;--tk-acik-turkuaz:#ecfbfa;--tk-acik-sari:#fff8dc;--tk-metin:#243447;--tk-cizgi:#c8d7e6;position:relative;width:100%;max-width:1100px;min-width:0;margin:0 auto;padding:clamp(12px,2.4vw,28px);box-sizing:border-box;color:var(--tk-metin);font:400 17px\/1.72 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,\"Segoe UI\",Arial,sans-serif;overflow-wrap:anywhere;word-wrap:break-word;hyphens:auto;background:#f7fafc;border-radius:18px}\n.tk-ders-notu *,.tk-ders-notu *::before,.tk-ders-notu *::after{box-sizing:border-box;min-width:0}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-ilerleme{position:fixed;z-index:9998;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:5px;background:rgba(18,53,91,.12);pointer-events:none}\n.tk-ders-notu 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minmax(0,1fr);gap:8px}\n}\n@media print{\n.tk-ders-notu{max-width:none;margin:0;padding:0;background:#fff;color:#000;font-size:11pt;box-shadow:none}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-ilerleme,.tk-ders-notu .tk-kontroller,.tk-ders-notu .tk-basa-don{display:none!important}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-ust{padding:0 0 14pt;background:#fff!important;color:#000;box-shadow:none}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-ana-baslik{color:#000;border-bottom:2pt solid #000}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-icindekiler{border:1pt solid #777;background:#fff;color:#000}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-icindekiler-listesi a{color:#000}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-kart{break-inside:auto;margin:0 0 14pt;padding:0;border:0;box-shadow:none}\n.tk-ders-notu h2,.tk-ders-notu h3{break-after:avoid;color:#000}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-tablo{break-inside:auto}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-tablo tr{break-inside:avoid}\n.tk-ders-notu a{text-decoration:none;color:#000}\n}\n<\/style>\n<article class=\"tk-ders-notu\" id=\"tk-ders-osmanli-devleti-kurulus-donemi-1299-1453\" lang=\"tr\" data-tk-ready=\"false\"><div class=\"tk-ilerleme\" role=\"progressbar\" aria-label=\"Okuma ilerlemesi\" aria-valuemin=\"0\" aria-valuemax=\"100\" aria-valuenow=\"0\"><span class=\"tk-ilerleme-cubugu\"><\/span><\/div><header class=\"tk-ust\" id=\"tk-ders-baslangici\"><p class=\"tk-ana-baslik\" data-tk-source=\"1\"><strong>OSMANLI DEVLET\u0130 KURULU\u015e D\u00d6NEM\u0130 (1299-1453)<\/strong><\/p><div class=\"tk-kontroller\"><button class=\"tk-dugme tk-yazdir\" type=\"button\" aria-label=\"Ders notunu yazd\u0131r\">Yazd\u0131r<\/button><button class=\"tk-dugme tk-ice-git\" type=\"button\" aria-label=\"\u0130\u00e7indekiler b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne git\">\u0130\u00e7indekilere Git<\/button><\/div><nav class=\"tk-icindekiler\" id=\"tk-icindekiler-osmanli-devleti-kurulus-donemi-1299-1453\" aria-label=\"Ders notu i\u00e7indekiler\"><p class=\"tk-icindekiler-baslik\">\u0130\u00e7indekiler<\/p><ul class=\"tk-icindekiler-listesi\"><li class=\"tk-ana-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-xiii-yuzyilin-sonlarinda-anadolu-ve-cevresinin-jeopolitik-durumu\">XIII. Y\u00dcZYILIN SONLARINDA ANADOLU VE \u00c7EVRES\u0130N\u0130N JEOPOL\u0130T\u0130K DURUMU<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-alt-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-turkiye-selcuklu-devleti\">T\u00fcrkiye Sel\u00e7uklu Devleti<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-alt-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-bizans-imparatorlugu-395-1453\">Bizans \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu (395-1453)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-alt-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-ilhanli-devleti-1256-1335\">\u0130lhanl\u0131 Devleti (1256-1335)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-alt-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-altinorda-devleti-1227-1502\">Alt\u0131norda Devleti (1227-1502)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-alt-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-memluk-devleti-1250-1517\">Meml\u00fbk Devleti (1250-1517)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-alt-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-balkanlar-ve-avrupa\">Balkanlar ve Avrupa<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-ana-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-osmanli-beyliginin-kurulusu\">OSMANLI BEYL\u0130\u011e\u0130N\u0130N KURULU\u015eU<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-alt-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-osmanli-beyligi-nin-kisa-surede-guclenmesinin-sebepleri\">Osmanl\u0131 Beyli\u011fi\u2019nin K\u0131sa S\u00fcrede G\u00fc\u00e7lenmesinin Sebepleri:<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-alt-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-kurulus-donemi-padisahlari-siralamasi\">Kurulu\u015f D\u00f6nemi Padi\u015fahlar\u0131 S\u0131ralamas\u0131:<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-ana-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-osman-bey-donemi-1281-1326\">OSMAN BEY D\u00d6NEM\u0130 (1281\u20131326)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-ana-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-orhan-bey-donemi-1326-1362\">ORHAN BEY D\u00d6NEM\u0130 (1326\u20131362)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-alt-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-orhan-bey-donemi-teskilatlanma-devletlesme-adimlari\">Orhan Bey D\u00f6nemi Te\u015fkilatlanma (Devletle\u015fme) Ad\u0131mlar\u0131:<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-alt-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-istimalet-politikasi-gonul-alma-hosgoru\">\u0130stim\u00e2let Politikas\u0131 (G\u00f6n\u00fcl Alma \/ Ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fc):<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-alt-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-iskan-politikasi-senlendirme-yerlestirme\">\u0130sk\u00e2n Politikas\u0131 (\u015eenlendirme \/ Yerle\u015ftirme):<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-ana-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-i-murat-donemi-1362-1389\">I. MURAT D\u00d6NEM\u0130 (1362\u20131389)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-alt-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-i-murat-donemindeki-diger-onemli-teskilatlanma-gelismeleri\">I. Murat D\u00f6nemindeki Di\u011fer \u00d6nemli Te\u015fkilatlanma Geli\u015fmeleri:<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-alt-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-devsirme-sistemi\">Dev\u015firme Sistemi:<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-ana-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-yildirim-bayezid-donemi-1389-1402\">YILDIRIM BAYEZ\u0130D D\u00d6NEM\u0130 (1389-1402)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-alt-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-1396-nigbolu-savasi\">1396 Ni\u011fbolu Sava\u015f\u0131:<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-alt-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-1402-ankara-savasi\">1402 Ankara Sava\u015f\u0131:<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-alt-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-fetret-devri-1402-1413\">Fetret Devri (1402-1413)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-ana-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-i-mehmet-celebi-donemi-1413-1421\">I. MEHMET (\u00c7ELEB\u0130) D\u00d6NEM\u0130 (1413-1421)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-ana-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-ii-murat-donemi-1421-1451\">II. MURAT D\u00d6NEM\u0130 (1421-1451)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-alt-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-1444-edirne-segedin-antlasmasi\">1444 Edirne-Segedin Antla\u015fmas\u0131:<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-alt-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-1444-varna-savasi\">1444 Varna Sava\u015f\u0131:<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-alt-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-1448-ii-kosova-savasi\">1448 II. Kosova Sava\u015f\u0131:<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-alt-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-kisa-kronoloji-ozet-tablo\">K\u0131sa Kronoloji \/ \u00d6zet Tablo:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/header><div class=\"tk-icerik\"><section class=\"tk-kart tk-kart-ilk\"><\/section><section class=\"tk-kart\"><h2 id=\"tk-xiii-yuzyilin-sonlarinda-anadolu-ve-cevresinin-jeopolitik-durumu\" data-tk-source=\"2\"><strong>XIII. Y\u00dcZYILIN SONLARINDA ANADOLU VE \u00c7EVRES\u0130N\u0130N JEOPOL\u0130T\u0130K DURUMU<\/strong><\/h2><h3 id=\"tk-turkiye-selcuklu-devleti\" data-tk-source=\"3\"><strong>T\u00fcrkiye Sel\u00e7uklu Devleti<\/strong><\/h3><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"4\"><strong>T\u00fcrkiye Sel\u00e7uklu Devleti<\/strong>, <strong>1243 K\u00f6seda\u011f Muharebesi<\/strong>\u2019nden sonra siyasi, sosyal, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve ekonomik a\u00e7\u0131dan <strong>Mo\u011follar\u0131n<\/strong> egemenli\u011fi alt\u0131na girmi\u015ftir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"5\">Anadolu&#8217;da <strong>\u0130kinci Beylikler D\u00f6nemi<\/strong>&#8216;nin ba\u015flamas\u0131yla Anadolu T\u00fcrk siyasi birli\u011fi bozulmu\u015ftur.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"6\">Beylikler aras\u0131nda <strong>T\u00fcrkiye Sel\u00e7uklu Devleti<\/strong>\u2019nin yerini alabilme ve liderlik m\u00fccadelesi ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"7\"><strong>Mo\u011fol<\/strong> egemenli\u011findeki <strong>T\u00fcrkiye Sel\u00e7uklu Devleti<\/strong>, <strong>1308<\/strong> y\u0131l\u0131nda <strong>Sultan II. Mesut<\/strong>\u2019un \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcyle resmen sona ermi\u015ftir.<\/li><\/ul><h3 id=\"tk-bizans-imparatorlugu-395-1453\" data-tk-source=\"8\"><strong>Bizans \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu (395-1453)<\/strong><\/h3><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"9\"><strong>13. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n<\/strong> sonlar\u0131nda Anadolu\u2019da h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcren devletlerden biri olan <strong>Bizans \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu<\/strong>, bu d\u00f6nemde siyasi, ekonomik, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve sosyal \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f ya\u015famaktad\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"10\">Eski g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc tamamen kaybeden <strong>Bizans<\/strong>, s\u00fcrekli olarak taht kavgalar\u0131n\u0131n ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 zay\u0131f bir devlet h\u00e2line gelmi\u015ftir.<\/li><\/ul><h3 id=\"tk-ilhanli-devleti-1256-1335\" data-tk-source=\"11\"><strong>\u0130lhanl\u0131 Devleti (1256-1335)<\/strong><\/h3><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"12\"><strong>Cengiz Han<\/strong>\u2019\u0131n torunu <strong>H\u00fclag\u00fc<\/strong><strong> Han<\/strong> taraf\u0131ndan kurulmu\u015ftur.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"13\"><strong>Irak<\/strong>, <strong>Kafkasya<\/strong> ve <strong>Anadolu<\/strong> \u00fczerinde kesin bir h\u00e2kimiyet kurmu\u015flard\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"14\"><strong>1258<\/strong> tarihinde <strong>Ba\u011fdat<\/strong>\u2019\u0131 alarak <strong>Abbasi Devleti<\/strong>&#8216;ne son vermi\u015flerdir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"15\"><strong>\u0130lhanl\u0131 Devleti<\/strong>, siyasi \u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fc tamamlayarak <strong>1335<\/strong> y\u0131l\u0131nda tarih sahnesinden \u00e7ekilmi\u015ftir.<\/li><\/ul><h3 id=\"tk-altinorda-devleti-1227-1502\" data-tk-source=\"16\"><strong>Alt\u0131norda<\/strong><strong> Devleti (1227-1502)<\/strong><\/h3><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"17\"><strong>Cengiz Han<\/strong>\u2019\u0131n torunu <strong>Batu Han<\/strong> taraf\u0131ndan kurulmu\u015ftur.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"18\"><strong>Hazar Denizi<\/strong> ile <strong>Karadeniz<\/strong>\u2019in kuzeyinde geni\u015f bir h\u00e2kimiyet s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015flerdir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"19\"><strong>Timur<\/strong>\u2019un d\u00fczenledi\u011fi sald\u0131r\u0131lar sonucunda a\u011f\u0131r yenilgiler alarak par\u00e7alanm\u0131\u015flar ve <strong>1502<\/strong> y\u0131l\u0131nda y\u0131k\u0131lm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r (Bu y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131\u015f, ileride <strong>Ruslar\u0131n<\/strong> g\u00fcneye inmesine zemin haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r).<\/li><\/ul><h3 id=\"tk-memluk-devleti-1250-1517\" data-tk-source=\"20\"><strong>Meml\u00fbk Devleti (1250-1517)<\/strong><\/h3><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"21\"><strong>M\u0131s\u0131r<\/strong> co\u011frafyas\u0131nda, <strong>Aybek<\/strong> taraf\u0131ndan kurulmu\u015ftur.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"22\"><strong>Abbasi halifesinin<\/strong> himaye edilerek <strong>M\u0131s\u0131r<\/strong>\u2019da bulunmas\u0131, <strong>Meml\u00fbk Devleti<\/strong>\u2019ne \u0130slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131z bir din\u00ee \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"23\">\u00d6nemli bir ticaret g\u00fczergah\u0131 olan <strong>Baharat Yolu<\/strong>\u2019nun <strong>Meml\u00fbk<\/strong> topraklar\u0131ndan ge\u00e7mesi, devlete b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ekonomik g\u00fc\u00e7 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"24\">Her ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 komutan\u0131n sultan olma hakk\u0131n\u0131n bulunmas\u0131, veraset sistemlerini di\u011fer T\u00fcrk devletlerinden ay\u0131r\u0131r.<\/li><\/ul><h3 id=\"tk-balkanlar-ve-avrupa\" data-tk-source=\"25\"><strong>Balkanlar ve Avrupa<\/strong><\/h3><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"26\"><strong>13. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n<\/strong> sonlar\u0131nda <strong>Balkanlar<\/strong> ve <strong>Avrupa<\/strong>\u2019da kesinlikle bir din\u00ee ve siyasi birlik yoktur.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"27\">Siyasi otorite bo\u015flu\u011fu ya\u015fayan <strong>Avrupa<\/strong>, <strong>feodalite (derebeylik)<\/strong> rejimi ile y\u00f6netilmektedir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"28\"><strong>Balkanlarda<\/strong> \u00e7ok say\u0131da etnik grup ve mezhep bir arada ya\u015famakta olup, siyasi karma\u015fa h\u00e2kimdir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"29\">Hristiyanl\u0131k d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda <strong>Katolik<\/strong> ve <strong>Ortodokslar<\/strong> aras\u0131nda s\u00fcrekli \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar ya\u015fanmaktad\u0131r.<\/li><\/ul><\/section><section class=\"tk-kart\"><h2 id=\"tk-osmanli-beyliginin-kurulusu\" data-tk-source=\"30\"><strong>OSMANLI BEYL\u0130\u011e\u0130N\u0130N KURULU\u015eU<\/strong><\/h2><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"31\"><strong>1071 Malazgirt Zaferi<\/strong>&#8216;nden sonra yurt edinmek i\u00e7in Anadolu\u2019ya gelen boylardan biri de <strong>O\u011fuzlar\u0131n Bozok<\/strong> koluna mensup <strong>Kay\u0131 <\/strong><strong>Boyu<\/strong>&#8216;dur (Kay\u0131, &#8220;g\u00fc\u00e7 ve kudret sahibi&#8221; demektir).<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"32\"><strong>T\u00fcrkiye Sel\u00e7uklu Sultan\u0131 I. Alaeddin Keykubat<\/strong>, s\u0131n\u0131r g\u00fcvenli\u011fini sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in taht kavgalar\u0131yla zay\u0131flam\u0131\u015f <strong>Bizans Devleti<\/strong> s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131na <strong>Kay\u0131lar\u0131 &#8220;u\u00e7 beyi&#8221;<\/strong> olarak yerle\u015ftirmi\u015ftir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"33\"><strong>Ertu\u011frul Bey<\/strong> idaresindeki <strong>Kay\u0131lar<\/strong>, ilk olarak <strong>Ankara<\/strong> yak\u0131nlar\u0131ndaki <strong>Karacada\u011f<\/strong> y\u00f6resine, daha sonra ise <strong>S\u00f6\u011f\u00fct (k\u0131\u015flak)<\/strong> ve <strong>Domani\u00e7 (yaylak)<\/strong> y\u00f6relerine yerle\u015ftirilmi\u015flerdir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"34\"><strong>1243 K\u00f6seda\u011f Sava\u015f\u0131<\/strong>\u2019nda <strong>T\u00fcrkiye Sel\u00e7uklu Devleti<\/strong>&#8216;nin <strong>Mo\u011follara<\/strong> kar\u015f\u0131 a\u011f\u0131r yenilgi almas\u0131, Anadolu&#8217;da b\u00fcy\u00fck bir iktidar bo\u015flu\u011fu yaratm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"35\"><strong>Mo\u011fol<\/strong> bask\u0131s\u0131 alt\u0131ndaki Anadolu&#8217;da u\u00e7lara yerle\u015ftirilen <strong>T\u00fcrkmen boylar\u0131<\/strong> ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ilan etmi\u015f, b\u00f6ylece <strong>\u0130kinci Beylikler D\u00f6nemi<\/strong> ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"36\"><strong>Osman Bey<\/strong>, bu otorite bo\u015flu\u011fu d\u00f6neminde, Bat\u0131 Anadolu\u2019da <strong>Bitinya<\/strong> denilen b\u00f6lgede <strong>1299<\/strong> y\u0131l\u0131nda kendi beyli\u011fini kurmu\u015ftur.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"37\"><strong>Bitinya B\u00f6lgesi<\/strong>: Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc <strong>Kocaeli<\/strong>, <strong>Sakarya<\/strong>, <strong>Bilecik<\/strong>, <strong>Bursa<\/strong>, <strong>\u0130znik<\/strong>, <strong>D\u00fczce<\/strong>, <strong>Yalova<\/strong>, <strong>Bolu<\/strong>, <strong>Bart\u0131n<\/strong> ve <strong>Zonguldak<\/strong> illerini kapsayan co\u011frafi alan\u0131n Antik \u00c7a\u011f ve sonras\u0131ndaki ad\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li><\/ul><h3 id=\"tk-osmanli-beyligi-nin-kisa-surede-guclenmesinin-sebepleri\" data-tk-source=\"38\"><strong>Osmanl\u0131 Beyli\u011fi\u2019nin K\u0131sa S\u00fcrede G\u00fc\u00e7lenmesinin Sebepleri:<\/strong><\/h3><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"39\"><strong>Co\u011frafi Konum<\/strong>: Kuruldu\u011fu u\u00e7 b\u00f6lgesinin geni\u015flemeye ve yeni fetihlere \u00e7ok uygun olmas\u0131 (\u00d6nemli ticaret yollar\u0131 \u00fczerinde bulunmas\u0131).<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"40\"><strong>Merkeziyet\u00e7i Anlay\u0131\u015f<\/strong>: Di\u011fer beyliklerin aksine g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir merkeziyet\u00e7i devlet anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n benimsenmesi (Karde\u015f katli, veraset de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri bu amaca hizmet eder).<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"41\"><strong>D\u0131\u015f Kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131klar<\/strong>: Hedef co\u011frafya olan <strong>Bizans<\/strong>\u2019\u0131n ve <strong>Balkanlar\u0131n<\/strong> siyasi karma\u015fa ve taht kavgalar\u0131 i\u00e7inde olmas\u0131.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"42\"><strong>Yetenekli Liderler<\/strong>: \u0130leri g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fl\u00fc, asker\u00ee ve siyasi dehas\u0131 y\u00fcksek padi\u015fahlar\u0131n i\u015f ba\u015f\u0131na gelmesi.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"43\"><strong>Adil Y\u00f6netim (<\/strong><strong>\u0130stim\u00e2let<\/strong><strong> Politikas\u0131)<\/strong>: Fethedilen yerlerde halka din ve vicdan h\u00fcrriyeti tan\u0131yan, can ve mal g\u00fcvenli\u011fini sa\u011flayan adaletli bir y\u00f6netimin uygulanmas\u0131.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"44\"><strong>Bat\u0131 Y\u00f6nl\u00fc \u0130lerleme<\/strong>: Do\u011fudaki g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc \u0130slam devletleri yerine zay\u0131f durumdaki Bat\u0131&#8217;ya (<strong>Bizans<\/strong>&#8216;a) y\u00f6nelme politikas\u0131.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"45\"><strong>Gaza ve Cihat Ruhu<\/strong>: \u0130lahi kelimetullah (Allah&#8217;\u0131n ad\u0131n\u0131 yayma) anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 ile hareket edilerek di\u011fer Anadolu beyliklerinin i\u00e7 m\u00fccadelelerine kar\u0131\u015f\u0131lmamas\u0131 ve onlar\u0131n sempatisinin\/deste\u011finin al\u0131nmas\u0131.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"46\"><strong>Sistematik \u0130sk\u00e2n Politikas\u0131<\/strong>: Fethedilen yerlerin kal\u0131c\u0131 olarak T\u00fcrkle\u015fmesini ve \u0130slamla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan planl\u0131 yerle\u015ftirme politikas\u0131n\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"47\"><strong>N\u00fcfus ve Asker\u00ee G\u00fc\u00e7<\/strong>: <strong>Mo\u011fol<\/strong> bask\u0131s\u0131ndan ka\u00e7arak s\u00fcrekli do\u011fudan gelen <strong>T\u00fcrkmen<\/strong> g\u00f6\u00e7leriyle beyli\u011fin n\u00fcfusunun ve ordusunun b\u00fcy\u00fcmesi.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"48\"><strong>Sosyal Destek<\/strong>: Anadolu&#8217;nun en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc esnaf\/dini te\u015fkilat\u0131 olan <strong>Ahilerin<\/strong> ve gaza ruhlu <strong>T\u00fcrkmenlerin (<\/strong><strong>Gaziy\u00e2n<\/strong><strong>-\u0131 <\/strong><strong>R\u00fbm<\/strong><strong>, <\/strong><strong>B\u00e2c\u0131y\u00e2n<\/strong><strong>-\u0131 <\/strong><strong>R\u00fbm<\/strong><strong>, <\/strong><strong>Abdal\u00e2n<\/strong><strong>-\u0131 <\/strong><strong>R\u00fbm<\/strong><strong>, Alperenler)<\/strong> tam deste\u011finin al\u0131nmas\u0131.<\/li><\/ul><h3 id=\"tk-kurulus-donemi-padisahlari-siralamasi\" data-tk-source=\"49\"><strong>Kurulu\u015f D\u00f6nemi Padi\u015fahlar\u0131 S\u0131ralamas\u0131:<\/strong><\/h3><ol class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"50\"><strong>Osman Bey<\/strong>: 1281 (Beylik Ba\u015f\u0131) \/ 1299 (Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k) \u2013 1326<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"51\"><strong>Orhan Bey<\/strong>: 1326 \u2013 1362<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"52\"><strong>I. Murat (H\u00fcdavendigar)<\/strong>: 1362 \u2013 1389<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"53\"><strong>I. Bayezid (Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m)<\/strong>: 1389 \u2013 1402<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"54\"><strong>I. Mehmet (\u00c7elebi)<\/strong>: 1413 \u2013 1421<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"55\"><strong>II. Murat<\/strong>: 1421 \u2013 1451<\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"tk-kart\"><h2 id=\"tk-osman-bey-donemi-1281-1326\" data-tk-source=\"56\"><strong>OSMAN BEY D\u00d6NEM\u0130 (1281\u20131326)<\/strong><\/h2><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"57\">Babas\u0131 <strong>Ertu\u011frul Gazi<\/strong>\u2019den sonra, Boy Beyi olarak <strong>1281<\/strong>&#8216;de ba\u015fa ge\u00e7en <strong>Osman Bey<\/strong>, <strong>1299<\/strong> y\u0131l\u0131nda beyli\u011fini kurmu\u015ftur (Lakab\u0131: <strong>Fahr\u00fcddin<\/strong>).<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"58\">\u00dcnl\u00fc tarih\u00e7i <strong>Halil \u0130nalc\u0131k<\/strong>&#8216;a g\u00f6re Osmanl\u0131 Devleti&#8217;nin ger\u00e7ek kurulu\u015f tarihi, Bizans ile yap\u0131lan ilk sava\u015f olan <strong>1302 <\/strong><strong>Bafeus<\/strong><strong> (Koyunhisar) Sava\u015f\u0131<\/strong>&#8216;d\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"59\"><strong>Ahi \u015eeyhi Edebali<\/strong>\u2019nin k\u0131z\u0131 (<strong>Rabia Bala\/<\/strong><strong>Malhun<\/strong><strong> Hatun<\/strong>) ile evlenerek Anadolu\u2019daki <strong>Ahilerin<\/strong> ve geni\u015f T\u00fcrkmen kitlelerinin siyasi ve manevi deste\u011fini arkas\u0131na alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"60\">Anadolu\u2019ya gaza yapmak amac\u0131yla gelen &#8220;<strong>Gaziy\u00e2n<\/strong><strong>-\u0131 <\/strong><strong>R\u00fbm<\/strong>&#8221; (Anadolu Gazileri) denilen T\u00fcrklerin yan\u0131nda, tarihteki ilk kad\u0131n te\u015fkilatlanmalar\u0131ndan olan &#8220;<strong>B\u00e2c\u0131y\u00e2n<\/strong><strong>-\u0131 <\/strong><strong>R\u00fbm<\/strong>&#8221; (Anadolu Bac\u0131lar\u0131) kollar\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck asker\u00ee ve lojistik destek g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"61\"><strong>1288<\/strong> y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir stratejik nokta olan <strong>Karacahisar<\/strong>\u2019\u0131 fethetmi\u015ftir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"62\"><strong>1300<\/strong> y\u0131l\u0131nda <strong>Yeni\u015fehir<\/strong> ve <strong>\u0130neg\u00f6l<\/strong>\u2019\u00fc s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131na katm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"63\"><strong>Bilecik Tekfuru<\/strong> ile <strong>Yarhisar <\/strong><strong>Tekfuru<\/strong>&#8216;nun <strong>Osmanl\u0131<\/strong>&#8216;ya kar\u015f\u0131 i\u015f birli\u011fi yapmas\u0131 \u00fczerine <strong>Bilecik<\/strong> fethedilmi\u015f ve ba\u015fkent yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. (Demir madeni i\u015fleme merkezidir, silah \u00fcretimi i\u00e7in \u00f6nemlidir).<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"64\"><strong>Tekfur Kavram\u0131<\/strong>: <strong>Bizans \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu<\/strong>\u2019nda valilik derecesindeki hizmetlerde bulunan y\u00f6neticilere verilen yerel unvand\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"65\"><strong>1302 Koyunhisar (<\/strong><strong>Bafeus<\/strong><strong>) Sava\u015f\u0131<\/strong>: <strong>Bizans<\/strong> imparatorluk ordusu ile yap\u0131lan ilk Osmanl\u0131-Bizans sava\u015f\u0131d\u0131r. Rum kuvvetleri a\u011f\u0131r bir yenilgiye u\u011frat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"66\"><strong>Koyunhisar Zaferi&#8217;nin Sonucu<\/strong>: <strong>\u0130zmit<\/strong> yolu T\u00fcrklere a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve <strong>Bursa<\/strong>\u2019n\u0131n kuzey taraf\u0131 hari\u00e7 di\u011fer \u00fc\u00e7 taraf\u0131ndaki yollar tamamen kontrol alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"67\">Ekonomik ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n sembol\u00fc olarak <strong>\u0130lk Osmanl\u0131 paras\u0131 (<\/strong><strong>Ak\u00e7e &#8211;<\/strong><strong> Bak\u0131r para)<\/strong> bast\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"68\">Devletle\u015fme yolunda ekonomik bir ad\u0131m at\u0131larak <strong>\u0130lk Osmanl\u0131 vergisi (<\/strong><strong>Bac<\/strong><strong>-\u0131 <\/strong><strong>Bazari<\/strong><strong> \/ Pazar Vergisi)<\/strong> toplanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"69\">Hukuki ve idari d\u00fczenlemeler i\u00e7in <strong>\u0130lk kad\u0131 atamas\u0131 (Dursun Fakih)<\/strong> yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Karacahisar&#8217;da ilk hutbeyi okuyan ki\u015fidir.<\/li><\/ul><\/section><section class=\"tk-kart\"><h2 id=\"tk-orhan-bey-donemi-1326-1362\" data-tk-source=\"70\"><strong>ORHAN BEY D\u00d6NEM\u0130 (1326\u20131362)<\/strong><\/h2><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"71\"><strong>1326<\/strong> y\u0131l\u0131nda, y\u0131llard\u0131r ku\u015fatma alt\u0131nda olan <strong>Bursa<\/strong> fethedilmi\u015f ve yeni ba\u015fkent yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu fetihten sonra Osmanl\u0131, bir beylikten ziyade ger\u00e7ek bir devlete d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"72\"><strong>1329 Maltepe (<\/strong><strong>Palekanon<\/strong><strong>) Sava\u015f\u0131<\/strong>: <strong>Orhan Bey<\/strong>, Osmanl\u0131 ilerleyi\u015fini durdurmak isteyen <strong>Bizans<\/strong> ordusunu bu sava\u015fta kesin bir ma\u011flubiyete u\u011fratm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu zaferle <strong>Bizans&#8217;\u0131n Anadolu ile kara ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 tamamen kesilmi\u015f<\/strong>, <strong>\u0130znik<\/strong> ve <strong>\u0130zmit<\/strong>\u2019in yolu a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"73\"><strong>1330<\/strong> y\u0131l\u0131nda <strong>\u0130znik<\/strong> fethedilmi\u015f ve ge\u00e7ici olarak ba\u015fkent yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"74\">\u0130znik\u2019ten sonra Anadolu\u2019nun kilit \u015fehirlerinden <strong>\u0130zmit<\/strong> ku\u015fat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, \u015fehir <strong>1337<\/strong>\u2019de teslim olmu\u015ftur. B\u00f6ylece <strong>Kocaeli Yar\u0131madas\u0131<\/strong>\u2019n\u0131n fethi tamamlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"75\"><strong>1354<\/strong> y\u0131l\u0131nda <strong>Gelibolu<\/strong> fethedilmi\u015f, Rumeli&#8217;deki varl\u0131k g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmi\u015ftir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"76\"><strong>1357<\/strong> y\u0131l\u0131nda <strong>Tekirda\u011f<\/strong>, <strong>\u00c7orlu<\/strong> ve <strong>Malkara<\/strong> al\u0131narak Trakya&#8217;da ilerleme kaydedilmi\u015ftir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"77\"><strong>1345 Karesio\u011fullar\u0131 Beyli\u011fi\u2019nin Al\u0131nmas\u0131<\/strong>: Karesi gazileri, Bizans\u2019a kar\u015f\u0131 s\u00fcrekli g\u00fc\u00e7lenen Orhan Bey ile birle\u015fmek istemi\u015ftir. Orhan Bey, i\u00e7 taht kavgalar\u0131ndan faydalanarak beyli\u011fi sava\u015fs\u0131z bir \u015fekilde topraklar\u0131na katm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"78\"><strong>\u00d6nemi<\/strong>: <strong>Karesio\u011fullar\u0131 Beyli\u011fi<\/strong>, Osmanl\u0131 Devleti&#8217;ne kat\u0131lan <strong>ilk beyliktir<\/strong>. Bu kat\u0131l\u0131m, <strong>Anadolu T\u00fcrk siyasi birli\u011fini<\/strong> sa\u011flama y\u00f6n\u00fcnde at\u0131lan <strong>ilk ad\u0131md\u0131r<\/strong>.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"79\"><strong>Donanma G\u00fcc\u00fc<\/strong>: Karesi donanmas\u0131n\u0131n Osmanl\u0131&#8217;ya ge\u00e7mesiyle devlet tecr\u00fcbeli denizcilere (<strong>Hac\u0131 \u0130lbey, <\/strong><strong>Evrenos<\/strong><strong> Bey, Ece Halil<\/strong>) sahip olmu\u015f, denizcilik faaliyetleri resmen ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"80\"><strong>1353 <\/strong><strong>\u00c7impe<\/strong><strong> Kalesi&#8217;nin Al\u0131nmas\u0131<\/strong>: Bizans i\u00e7 sava\u015f\u0131nda taht talibi <strong>Kantakuzenos<\/strong>&#8216;a yap\u0131lan askeri yard\u0131mlar kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda <strong>\u00c7impe<\/strong><strong> Kalesi<\/strong> Osmanl\u0131&#8217;ya verilmi\u015ftir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"81\"><strong>\u00d6nemi<\/strong>: Bu kale, Osmanl\u0131lar\u0131n <strong>Rumeli\u2019de elde etti\u011fi ilk toprak par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r<\/strong> ve Balkanlardaki devasa fetihler i\u00e7in en \u00f6nemli asker\u00ee\/lojistik \u00fcs olmu\u015ftur. \n<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"82\">Rumeli\u2019ye ge\u00e7i\u015f s\u00fcrecinde g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi \u00fcst\u00fcn asker\u00ee ba\u015far\u0131lardan dolay\u0131, <strong>Orhan Bey<\/strong>\u2019in o\u011flu <strong>S\u00fcleyman Pa\u015fa<\/strong>, tarihe &#8220;<strong>Gelibolu Fatihi<\/strong>&#8221; olarak ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. D\u0130KKAT: G\u00fcncel MEB kitab\u0131na g\u00f6re Sazl\u0131dere Sava\u015f\u0131 sonras\u0131nda Edirne\u2019nin al\u0131nmas\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131.1361 y\u0131l\u0131nda Edirne fethedildi.<\/li><\/ul><h3 id=\"tk-orhan-bey-donemi-teskilatlanma-devletlesme-adimlari\" data-tk-source=\"83\"><strong>Orhan Bey D\u00f6nemi Te\u015fkilatlanma (Devletle\u015fme) Ad\u0131mlar\u0131:<\/strong><\/h3><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"84\">Devlet te\u015fkilatlanmas\u0131 h\u0131zlanm\u0131\u015f, <strong>\u0130lk adli \u00f6rg\u00fct<\/strong> kurulmu\u015ftur.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"85\">E\u011fitime verilen \u00f6nemin bir g\u00f6stergesi olarak <strong>\u0130lk medrese (\u0130znik <\/strong><strong>Orhaniyesi<\/strong><strong>)<\/strong> a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu medresenin ilk m\u00fcderrisi (ba\u015f\u00f6\u011fretmeni) <strong>Davud-u Kayseri<\/strong>\u2019dir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"86\">Siyasi idareyi kolayla\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in <strong>\u0130lk vezirlik makam\u0131<\/strong> olu\u015fturulmu\u015ftur (<strong>\u0130lk vezir: Alaaddin Pa\u015fa<\/strong>).<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"87\">Devlet i\u015flerinin g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc <strong>\u0130lk Divan-\u0131 H\u00fcmayun<\/strong> te\u015fkilat\u0131 kurulmu\u015ftur.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"88\">Asker\u00ee g\u00fcc\u00fc profesyonelle\u015ftirmek amac\u0131yla <strong>Yaya ve M\u00fcsellem (Atl\u0131)<\/strong> ad\u0131yla <strong>ilk d\u00fczenli ordu<\/strong> kurulmu\u015ftur.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"89\">Uygulanan bu te\u015fkilatlanma ad\u0131mlar\u0131yla resmi olarak <strong>Beylikten Devlet\u2019e ge\u00e7ilmi\u015ftir<\/strong>.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"90\"><strong>\u0130lk donanma<\/strong> olu\u015fturulmu\u015ftur (Karesio\u011fullar\u0131&#8217;n\u0131n kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131yla).<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"91\"><strong>\u0130lk Osmanl\u0131 saray\u0131<\/strong>, Bursa\u2019da in\u015fa edilmi\u015ftir (<strong>Bey Saray\u0131<\/strong>).<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"92\"><strong>\u0130lk g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f para (Ak\u00e7e)<\/strong> bast\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><\/ul><h3 id=\"tk-istimalet-politikasi-gonul-alma-hosgoru\" data-tk-source=\"93\"><strong>\u0130stim\u00e2let<\/strong><strong> Politikas\u0131 (G\u00f6n\u00fcl Alma \/ Ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fc):<\/strong><\/h3><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"94\">Osmanl\u0131 Devleti, Balkanlarda fethetti\u011fi topraklardaki gayrim\u00fcslimleri, al\u0131nan <strong>cizye vergisi<\/strong> (ba\u015f vergisi) d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlardan ayr\u0131 tutmam\u0131\u015f; onlar\u0131n can, mal ve namus g\u00fcvenli\u011fini devlet garantisi alt\u0131na alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"95\">Din ve \u0131rk ayr\u0131m\u0131 g\u00f6zetmeksizin t\u00fcm tebaay\u0131 (halk\u0131) korumak devletin temel vazifesi say\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"96\">Bu koruyucu, uzla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 ve ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fc siyaset, fetih hareketlerinin \u00e7ok daha h\u0131zl\u0131 ve <strong>kal\u0131c\u0131 olmas\u0131n\u0131<\/strong> sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><\/ul><h3 id=\"tk-iskan-politikasi-senlendirme-yerlestirme\" data-tk-source=\"97\"><strong>\u0130sk\u00e2n Politikas\u0131 (\u015eenlendirme \/ Yerle\u015ftirme):<\/strong><\/h3><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"98\">Anadolu\u2019daki g\u00f6\u00e7ebe veya yerle\u015fik T\u00fcrk\/M\u00fcsl\u00fcman n\u00fcfusun, devlet eliyle yeni fethedilen Rumeli topraklar\u0131na planl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde yerle\u015ftirilmesidir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"99\">Getirilen n\u00fcfus i\u00e7in yeni yerle\u015fim yerleri, camiler, medreseler, yollar kurulmu\u015f; b\u00f6ylece o b\u00f6lgelerde <strong>imar (\u015fenlendirme)<\/strong> faaliyetleri ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f ve Balkanlar\u0131n <strong>T\u00fcrkle\u015fmesi\/\u0130slamla\u015fmas\u0131<\/strong> sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"100\"><strong>\u0130sk\u00e2n Siyasetinin Ama\u00e7lar\u0131<\/strong>:<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"101\">Fethedilen b\u00f6lgelerin n\u00fcfus yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirerek Osmanl\u0131 egemenli\u011fini kal\u0131c\u0131 h\u00e2le getirmek.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"102\">Anadolu&#8217;daki konarg\u00f6\u00e7er T\u00fcrkmenlerin yerle\u015fik hayata ge\u00e7mesini ve \u00fcretime kat\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"103\">B\u00f6lgedeki yerli gayrim\u00fcslim halk\u0131n arkadan vurma veya ayaklanma ihtimalini ortadan kald\u0131rmak.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"104\">Anadolu&#8217;da aralar\u0131nda kan davas\u0131 veya otlak kavgas\u0131 ya\u015fanan a\u015firetleri birbirinden uzakla\u015ft\u0131rarak i\u00e7 bar\u0131\u015f\u0131 sa\u011flamak.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"105\">Balkanlar y\u00f6n\u00fcnde yap\u0131lacak yeni fetih hareketlerinde lojistik ve insan kayna\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcreklili\u011fini sa\u011flamak.<\/li><\/ul><\/section><section class=\"tk-kart\"><h2 id=\"tk-i-murat-donemi-1362-1389\" data-tk-source=\"106\"><strong>I. MURAT D\u00d6NEM\u0130 (1362\u20131389)<\/strong><\/h2><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"107\">Orhan Bey\u2019den sonra tahta ge\u00e7en <strong>I. Murat<\/strong>, Avrupa&#8217;da Osmanl\u0131 ilerleyi\u015fini sistematik h\u00e2le getirmi\u015ftir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"109\">K\u0131sa s\u00fcre sonra <strong>Edirne<\/strong>, Edirne Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin yeni <strong>ba\u015fkenti<\/strong> yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (Ba\u015fkentin bat\u0131ya ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 fetih y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6sterir).<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"110\">Edirne\u2019nin fethinin hemen ard\u0131ndan komutan <strong>Lala \u015eahin Pa\u015fa<\/strong>, ileri harek\u00e2ta devam ederek <strong>Filibe<\/strong> ve <strong>G\u00fcm\u00fclcine<\/strong>\u2019yi topraklar\u0131na katm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"111\"><strong>1364 S\u0131rp S\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 Sava\u015f\u0131<\/strong>: Edirne\u2019nin d\u00fc\u015fmesi \u00fczerine Papa V. Urban\u2019\u0131n k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtmas\u0131yla olu\u015fturulan ilk Ha\u00e7l\u0131 birli\u011fi, <strong>Hac\u0131 \u0130lbey<\/strong> komutas\u0131ndaki Osmanl\u0131 kuvvetleri taraf\u0131ndan ani bir bask\u0131nla yok edilmi\u015ftir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"112\"><strong>\u00d6nemi<\/strong>: Balkanlar&#8217;da ilerleme h\u0131z kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <strong>Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin Ha\u00e7l\u0131larla yapm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu \u0130LK sava\u015ft\u0131r.<\/strong><\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"113\">Anadolu siyasetinde bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l geni\u015fleme yollar\u0131 aranm\u0131\u015f; <strong>Germiyano\u011fullar\u0131ndan<\/strong> \u00e7eyiz yoluyla <strong>K\u00fctahya<\/strong>, <strong>Hamito\u011fullar\u0131ndan<\/strong> ise parayla (80 bin alt\u0131n) <strong>Isparta ve \u00e7evresi<\/strong> al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Candaro\u011fullar\u0131 \u00fczerinde de otorite kurulmu\u015ftur.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"114\">Ak\u0131nc\u0131 beyleri ve komutanlar\u0131 olan <strong>Lala \u015eahin Pa\u015fa, Hac\u0131 \u0130lbey<\/strong> ve <strong>Evrenos<\/strong><strong> Bey<\/strong>, Balkanlarda ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 harek\u00e2tlar y\u00fcr\u00fctm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"115\">Ticari diplomasi geli\u015ftirilerek <strong>Dubrovnik<\/strong><strong> (<\/strong><strong>Raguza<\/strong><strong>) Cumhuriyeti<\/strong>&#8216;ne liman kullan\u0131m hakk\u0131 ve ticari imtiyazlar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"116\"><strong>Karamano\u011fullar\u0131 Sorunu<\/strong>: Kendisini Sel\u00e7uklu&#8217;nun varisi sayan Karamano\u011fullar\u0131 ile ili\u015fkiler bozulmu\u015ftur. <strong>Kurulu\u015f d\u00f6neminde Osmanl\u0131 Devleti&#8217;ni en \u00e7ok u\u011fra\u015ft\u0131ran beylik Karamano\u011fullar\u0131\u2019d\u0131r.<\/strong><\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"117\"><strong>1371 <\/strong><strong>\u00c7irmen<\/strong><strong> Sava\u015f\u0131<\/strong>: S\u0131rp S\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131&#8217;n\u0131n intikam\u0131n\u0131 almak isteyen <strong>S\u0131rplar<\/strong> ma\u011flup edilmi\u015f, bu zaferle <strong>Makedonya\u2019n\u0131n<\/strong> fethi kolayla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"118\"><strong>1389 I. Kosova Sava\u015f\u0131<\/strong>:<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"119\">B\u00fcy\u00fck bir <strong>Balkan-Ha\u00e7l\u0131 ittifak\u0131<\/strong> ordusu, a\u011f\u0131r bir \u015fekilde yenilmi\u015ftir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"120\">Bu sava\u015fta, Anadolu beylikleri de Osmanl\u0131\u2019ya destek i\u00e7in asker\u00ee birlikler g\u00f6ndermi\u015flerdir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"121\">Zafer sonucunda Osmanl\u0131lar, Balkanlara kesin ve kal\u0131c\u0131 olarak yerle\u015fmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"122\">Tarihte <strong>ilk kez<\/strong> Osmanl\u0131 ordusu taraf\u0131ndan <strong>top (ses ve korkutma ama\u00e7l\u0131)<\/strong> kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"123\">Sava\u015f kazan\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra meydan\u0131 gezen <strong>Sultan I. Murat<\/strong>, S\u0131rpl\u0131 yaral\u0131 asker <strong>Milo\u015f<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>Obili\u00e7<\/strong> taraf\u0131ndan han\u00e7erlenerek <strong>\u015fehit edilmi\u015ftir<\/strong>. (Sava\u015f meydan\u0131nda \u015fehit olan ilk ve tek Osmanl\u0131 padi\u015fah\u0131d\u0131r).<\/li><\/ul><h3 id=\"tk-i-murat-donemindeki-diger-onemli-teskilatlanma-gelismeleri\" data-tk-source=\"124\"><strong>I. Murat D\u00f6nemindeki Di\u011fer \u00d6nemli Te\u015fkilatlanma Geli\u015fmeleri:<\/strong><\/h3><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"125\"><strong>Kap\u0131kulu Sisteminin<\/strong> temelini olu\u015fturan, padi\u015faha do\u011frudan ba\u011fl\u0131 merkez ordusu olan <strong>Yeni\u00e7eri Oca\u011f\u0131<\/strong> kurulmu\u015ftur.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"126\">Eyalet ordusunun bel kemi\u011fi, tar\u0131m\u0131 askeri sisteme entegre eden <strong>T\u0131mar Sistemi<\/strong> ilk kez sistemli olarak uygulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"127\">Resm\u00ee yaz\u0131\u015fmalarda &#8220;<strong>Sultan<\/strong>&#8221; unvan\u0131n\u0131 kullanan ilk Osmanl\u0131 padi\u015fah\u0131 <strong>I. Murat<\/strong>\u2019t\u0131r (<strong>Sultan-\u0131 Azam<\/strong>).<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"128\">Balkanlar\u0131 tek merkezden y\u00f6netmek i\u00e7in <strong>Rumeli Beylerbeyli\u011fi (Merkez: Manast\u0131r)<\/strong> kurulmu\u015f, <strong>\u0130lk Rumeli Beylerbeyi Lala \u015eahin Pa\u015fa<\/strong> olmu\u015ftur.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"129\">Kazaskerlik, Defterdarl\u0131k ve Sadrazaml\u0131k (Vezir-i Azam) makamlar\u0131 kurulmu\u015ftur.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"130\">Merkezi otoriteyi g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmek ad\u0131na <strong>Veraset Sisteminde ilk defa de\u011fi\u015fiklik yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f<\/strong> ve \u201c\u00dclke, hanedan \u00fcyelerinin ortak mal\u0131d\u0131r\u201d anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 yerine <strong>\u201cDevletin topraklar\u0131, padi\u015fah ve o\u011fullar\u0131n\u0131nd\u0131r\u201d<\/strong> anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 getirilmi\u015ftir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"131\">Yeni\u00e7eri Oca\u011f\u0131&#8217;n\u0131n asker ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamak i\u00e7in esir al\u0131nan her be\u015f Hristiyan esirden birinin devlete asker olarak al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 <strong>Pen\u00e7ik Sistemi<\/strong> hayata ge\u00e7irilmi\u015ftir.<\/li><\/ul><h3 id=\"tk-devsirme-sistemi\" data-tk-source=\"132\"><strong>Dev\u015firme Sistemi:<\/strong><\/h3><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"133\">Pen\u00e7ik sisteminin ihtiyac\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131layamamas\u0131 \u00fczerine geli\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. Rumeli ve Balkanlardaki Hristiyan ailelerin 8-18 ya\u015f aral\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaki yetenekli \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 al\u0131n\u0131r, T\u00fcrk\/M\u00fcsl\u00fcman ailelerin yan\u0131nda \u0130slam geleneklerine g\u00f6re yeti\u015ftirilirdi.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"134\">G\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc kuvvetli olanlar asker yap\u0131lmak \u00fczere <strong>Acemi Oca\u011f\u0131na<\/strong>, zeki ve yetenekli olanlar ise devlet adam\u0131 olmak \u00fczere <strong>Enderun Mektebine (Saray Okulu)<\/strong> g\u00f6nderilirdi.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"135\">Hristiyan ailelerin e\u011fer <strong>tek erkek \u00e7ocu\u011fu varsa kesinlikle al\u0131nmazd\u0131<\/strong>.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"136\">Fiili olarak <strong>I. Mehmet (\u00c7elebi)<\/strong> d\u00f6neminde ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f, <strong>II. Murat<\/strong> zaman\u0131nda tam olarak <strong>kanunla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r<\/strong>.<\/li><\/ul><\/section><section class=\"tk-kart\"><h2 id=\"tk-yildirim-bayezid-donemi-1389-1402\" data-tk-source=\"137\"><strong>YILDIRIM BAYEZ\u0130D D\u00d6NEM\u0130 (1389-1402)<\/strong><\/h2><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"138\">Anadolu&#8217;da <strong>Germiyano\u011fullar\u0131<\/strong>, <strong>Saruhano\u011fullar\u0131<\/strong>, <strong>Ayd\u0131no\u011fullar\u0131<\/strong> ve <strong>Mente\u015feo\u011fullar\u0131<\/strong> beyliklerine son verilmi\u015ftir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"139\">Orta Anadolu&#8217;daki <strong>Kad\u0131 Burhaneddin Devleti\/Beyli\u011fi<\/strong> topraklar\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irilmi\u015ftir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"140\">Karadeniz&#8217;deki <strong>Candaro\u011fullar\u0131<\/strong> beyli\u011fine son verilmi\u015f, en b\u00fcy\u00fck rakip <strong>Karamano\u011fullar\u0131<\/strong> tamamen ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"141\"><strong>\u00d6nemli Sonu\u00e7<\/strong>: <strong>I. Bayezid (Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m)<\/strong>, bu politikalar neticesinde <strong>Anadolu T\u00fcrk Siyasi Birli\u011fi&#8217;ni geni\u015f \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde sa\u011flayan ilk Osmanl\u0131 padi\u015fah\u0131<\/strong> olmu\u015ftur. (Bu durum merkezi otoriteyi muazzam g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmi\u015ftir).<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"142\">B\u00fcy\u00fcyen Anadolu topraklar\u0131n\u0131 y\u00f6netmek i\u00e7in <strong>Anadolu Beylerbeyli\u011fi (Merkez: K\u00fctahya)<\/strong> kurulmu\u015ftur.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"143\">Akdeniz ve Ege ticareti i\u00e7in donanma g\u00fcc\u00fc y\u00fcksek <strong>Venedikli<\/strong> t\u00fcccarlara ticari imtiyazlar verilmi\u015ftir. Gelibolu&#8217;da b\u00fcy\u00fck bir tersane in\u015fa edilmi\u015ftir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"144\"><strong>\u0130stanbul Ku\u015fatmalar\u0131<\/strong>: <strong>Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m Bayezid<\/strong>, Osmanl\u0131 tarihinde <strong>\u0130stanbul&#8217;u ku\u015fatan ilk padi\u015faht\u0131r<\/strong>. (1391-1395 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda farkl\u0131 kaynaklara g\u00f6re iki ila d\u00f6rt kez ku\u015fatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r).<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"145\">Ku\u015fatmalar s\u0131ras\u0131nda, Bizans\u2019a Karadeniz y\u00f6n\u00fcnden (Cenevizliler) gelebilecek yard\u0131m\u0131 engellemek i\u00e7in <strong>Anadolu Hisar\u0131\u2019n\u0131 (G\u00fczelce Hisar)<\/strong> yapt\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"146\">Ku\u015fatmalar sonucunda Bizans ile yap\u0131lan <strong>ilk resmi yaz\u0131l\u0131 antla\u015fmaya<\/strong> g\u00f6re:<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"147\">\u0130stanbul\u2019da M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n ya\u015fayaca\u011f\u0131 bir <strong>T\u00fcrk Mahallesi<\/strong> kurulacak ve bir cami in\u015fa edilecektir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"148\">Bizans, y\u0131ll\u0131k vergi vermeyi kabul ederek <strong>Osmanl\u0131 siyasi \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc tan\u0131m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r<\/strong>.<\/li><\/ul><h3 id=\"tk-1396-nigbolu-savasi\" data-tk-source=\"149\"><strong>1396 Ni\u011fbolu Sava\u015f\u0131:<\/strong><\/h3><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"150\">Osmanl\u0131&#8217;n\u0131n \u0130stanbul&#8217;u ku\u015fatmas\u0131 ve Balkanlardaki ilerleyi\u015fi \u00fczerine papan\u0131n \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde devasa bir <strong>Ha\u00e7l\u0131 ordusu<\/strong> (Frans\u0131z, \u0130ngiliz, Alman, Macar \u015f\u00f6valyeleri) haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"151\">\u0130stanbul ku\u015fatmas\u0131n\u0131 kald\u0131ran <strong>Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m Bayezid<\/strong>, Tuna boylar\u0131na inerek Ha\u00e7l\u0131lar\u0131 a\u011f\u0131r bir yenilgiye u\u011fratm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"152\"><strong>\u00d6nemi<\/strong>: Zaferin yank\u0131lar\u0131 \u0130slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck olmu\u015f; <strong>Abbasi Halifesi I. M\u00fctevekkil<\/strong>, \u0130slamiyet&#8217;e hizmetlerinden dolay\u0131 <strong>Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m Bayezid<\/strong>\u2019e &#8220;<strong>Sultan-\u0131 \u0130klim-i Rum<\/strong>&#8221; (Anadolu Diyar\u0131n\u0131n Sultan\u0131) unvan\u0131n\u0131 bizzat vermi\u015ftir. Bulgaristan tamamen Osmanl\u0131 topraklar\u0131na kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><\/ul><h3 id=\"tk-1402-ankara-savasi\" data-tk-source=\"153\"><strong>1402 Ankara Sava\u015f\u0131:<\/strong><\/h3><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"154\"><strong>Nedenleri<\/strong>:<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"155\">Do\u011fu&#8217;da g\u00fc\u00e7lenen <strong>Timur<\/strong>\u2019un bask\u0131s\u0131ndan ka\u00e7an Karakoyunlu h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 <strong>Kara Yusuf<\/strong> ve Celayirli <strong>Ahmet Celayir<\/strong>\u2019in Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m\u2019a s\u0131\u011f\u0131nmas\u0131.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"156\">Topraklar\u0131n\u0131 kaybeden Anadolu Beylerinin <strong>Timur<\/strong>&#8216;a s\u0131\u011f\u0131narak onu k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtmas\u0131.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"157\">Timur&#8217;un Osmanl\u0131&#8217;ya ait <strong>Sivas<\/strong>&#8216;\u0131, Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m&#8217;\u0131n ise Timur egemenli\u011findeki <strong>Erzincan ve Kemah<\/strong>&#8216;\u0131 i\u015fgal etmesi.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"158\">\u0130ki h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131n da onur k\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 mektupla\u015fmalar\u0131 ve <strong>T\u00fcrk-\u0130slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n tek lideri<\/strong> olma ideali.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"159\">Timur\u2019un <strong>\u00c7in seferi<\/strong> \u00f6ncesi bat\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na almak istemesi.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"160\"><strong>Sonu\u00e7lar\u0131<\/strong>:<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"161\">Ordusundaki Kara Tatarlar\u0131n ve Anadolu beylik askerlerinin saf de\u011fi\u015ftirmesiyle <strong>Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m Bayezid<\/strong>, <strong>Timur<\/strong>\u2019a yenilmi\u015f ve sava\u015f meydan\u0131nda <strong>esir d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr<\/strong> (Esir d\u00fc\u015fen ilk ve tek Osmanl\u0131 padi\u015fah\u0131d\u0131r).<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"162\">Timur&#8217;un beylere topraklar\u0131n\u0131 geri vermesiyle <strong>Anadolu T\u00fcrk Siyasi Birli\u011fi tamamen bozulmu\u015f<\/strong>, beylikler yeniden kurulmu\u015ftur.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"163\">Osmanl\u0131 Devleti <strong>y\u0131k\u0131lma tehlikesi<\/strong> ge\u00e7irmi\u015ftir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"164\">Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m\u2019\u0131n o\u011fullar\u0131 aras\u0131nda kanl\u0131 taht kavgalar\u0131 ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f, devlet 11 y\u0131l s\u00fcrecek <strong>Fetret Devri<\/strong>&#8216;ne girmi\u015ftir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"165\">Balkanlardaki ilerleme durmu\u015f, <strong>\u0130stanbul\u2019un fethi yakla\u015f\u0131k 50 y\u0131l gecikmi\u015ftir<\/strong>.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye tk-dikkat-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"166\"><strong>\u00d6nemli Not<\/strong>: T\u00fcm bu y\u0131k\u0131ma ra\u011fmen, adalete dayal\u0131 <strong>\u0130stim\u00e2let<\/strong> ve <strong>\u0130sk\u00e2n<\/strong> politikalar\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flaml\u0131\u011f\u0131 sayesinde Balkan uluslar\u0131 isyan etmemi\u015f, Avrupa topraklar\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir toprak kayb\u0131 <strong>ya\u015fanmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r<\/strong>.<\/li><\/ul><h3 id=\"tk-fetret-devri-1402-1413\" data-tk-source=\"167\"><strong>Fetret Devri (1402-1413)<\/strong><\/h3><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"168\">Ankara Sava\u015f\u0131&#8217;ndan sonra <strong>Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m<\/strong>&#8216;\u0131n d\u00f6rt o\u011flu (<strong>S\u00fcleyman, \u0130sa, Musa ve Mehmet \u00c7elebiler<\/strong>) aras\u0131nda ya\u015fanan 11 y\u0131ll\u0131k taht kavgalar\u0131 ve karga\u015fa d\u00f6nemidir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"169\">Anadolu&#8217;da <strong>Karamano\u011fullar\u0131, Saruhano\u011fullar\u0131, Germiyano\u011fullar\u0131<\/strong> gibi beylikler ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ilan ederek yeniden kurulmu\u015ftur.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"170\">M\u00fccadeleyi kazanan <strong>\u00c7elebi Mehmet<\/strong>, 1413&#8217;te tek ba\u015f\u0131na tahta ge\u00e7erek devleti y\u0131k\u0131lmaktan kurtarm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"171\">Bu d\u00f6nemde <strong>\u015eehzade Musa (Musa \u00c7elebi)<\/strong> taraf\u0131ndan \u0130stanbul ku\u015fat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ancak ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olunamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><\/ul><\/section><section class=\"tk-kart\"><h2 id=\"tk-i-mehmet-celebi-donemi-1413-1421\" data-tk-source=\"172\"><strong>I. MEHMET (\u00c7ELEB\u0130) D\u00d6NEM\u0130 (1413-1421)<\/strong><\/h2><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"173\">Fetret Devri&#8217;ne son verip devleti y\u0131k\u0131lmaktan kurtard\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin &#8220;<strong>\u0130kinci Kurucusu<\/strong>&#8221; kabul edilir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"174\">Anadolu ile ilgilenirken Avrupa&#8217;dan sald\u0131r\u0131 gelmemesi i\u00e7in Balkanlarda bilin\u00e7li olarak <strong>bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131 bir siyaset<\/strong> izlemi\u015ftir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"175\">Bozulan Anadolu T\u00fcrk siyasi birli\u011fini sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in tekrar faaliyete ge\u00e7mi\u015f, ilk olarak <strong>Saruhano\u011fullar\u0131<\/strong> beyli\u011fini Osmanl\u0131&#8217;ya katm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"176\"><strong>1416 Venedik Deniz Sava\u015f\u0131<\/strong>: Ege g\u00fcvenli\u011fini sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in <strong>\u00c7al\u0131 Bey<\/strong> komutas\u0131nda yap\u0131lan <strong>ilk Osmanl\u0131 deniz sava\u015f\u0131d\u0131r<\/strong>. Kaybedilmi\u015ftir (Donanman\u0131n hen\u00fcz yetersiz oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r).<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"177\"><strong>\u015eeyh Bedreddin \u0130syan\u0131<\/strong>: Fetret d\u00f6neminin yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ekonomik\/sosyal bunal\u0131mdan beslenen bu ayaklanma bast\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <strong>Osmanl\u0131 tarihindeki din\u00ee ve sosyal nitelikli ilk b\u00fcy\u00fck ayaklanmad\u0131r.<\/strong><\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"178\">D\u00f6nemin sonlar\u0131na do\u011fru karde\u015fi <strong>Mustafa \u00c7elebi<\/strong>&#8216;nin Bizans deste\u011fiyle ba\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 isyan patlak vermi\u015f, D\u00fczmece lakapl\u0131 bu isyanc\u0131 Bizans&#8217;a s\u0131\u011f\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><\/ul><\/section><section class=\"tk-kart\"><h2 id=\"tk-ii-murat-donemi-1421-1451\" data-tk-source=\"179\"><strong>II. MURAT D\u00d6NEM\u0130 (1421-1451)<\/strong><\/h2><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"180\"><strong>D\u00fczmece Mustafa \u0130syan\u0131<\/strong>: I. Mehmet d\u00f6neminde ba\u015flay\u0131p Bizans&#8217;a s\u0131\u011f\u0131nan amcas\u0131 Mustafa \u00c7elebi&#8217;nin, Bizans k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtmas\u0131yla \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 isyan kesin olarak bast\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve D\u00fczmece Mustafa idam edilmi\u015ftir. Kendi karde\u015fi <strong>\u015eehzade Mustafa<\/strong>&#8216;n\u0131n \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 isyan da ba\u015far\u0131yla bast\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"181\">Devletin i\u00e7 i\u015flerine kar\u0131\u015fan <strong>Bizans<\/strong>\u2019\u0131 cezaland\u0131rmak amac\u0131yla \u0130stanbul ordularla ku\u015fat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (1422).<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"182\">Anadolu&#8217;da beylikler \u00fczerinde yeniden h\u00e2kimiyet kurulmu\u015ftur. <strong>Germiyano\u011fullar\u0131<\/strong>, II. Yakup Bey&#8217;in erkek varisi olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in vasiyet (\u00e7eyiz\/miras) yoluyla sava\u015f\u0131lmadan tamamen Osmanl\u0131&#8217;ya ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"183\"><strong>Dev\u015firme Sistemi<\/strong> tam manas\u0131yla kanunla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131larak sistemle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir.<\/li><\/ul><h3 id=\"tk-1444-edirne-segedin-antlasmasi\" data-tk-source=\"184\"><strong>1444 Edirne-Segedin Antla\u015fmas\u0131:<\/strong><\/h3><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"185\">Macarlarla yap\u0131lan m\u00fccadelelerin olumsuz seyretmesi ve Karamano\u011fullar\u0131&#8217;n\u0131n arkadan sald\u0131rmas\u0131 \u00fczerine yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"186\">Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Balkanlarda Ha\u00e7l\u0131\/Hristiyan devletlerle imzalad\u0131\u011f\u0131 <strong>ilk resmi bar\u0131\u015f antla\u015fmas\u0131d\u0131r<\/strong>.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"187\">Antla\u015fma ile iki devlet aras\u0131nda <strong>on y\u0131l boyunca sava\u015f yap\u0131lmamas\u0131<\/strong> karara ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"188\"><strong>II. Murat<\/strong>, taht\u0131 kendi iste\u011fi ile on iki ya\u015f\u0131ndaki o\u011flu <strong>II. Mehmet\u2019e (Fatih Sultan Mehmet)<\/strong> b\u0131rak\u0131p Manisa&#8217;ya \u00e7ekilmi\u015ftir. (Kendi iste\u011fi ile tahttan feragat eden tek padi\u015faht\u0131r).<\/li><\/ul><h3 id=\"tk-1444-varna-savasi\" data-tk-source=\"189\"><strong>1444 Varna Sava\u015f\u0131:<\/strong><\/h3><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"190\">Avrupa&#8217;n\u0131n k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ya\u015fta bir padi\u015fah\u0131 f\u0131rsat bilip <strong>Edirne-Segedin Antla\u015fmas\u0131&#8217;n\u0131 bozmas\u0131<\/strong> \u00fczerine Ha\u00e7l\u0131 birli\u011fi harekete ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"191\">B\u00fcy\u00fck tehlike \u00fczerine devlet adamlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131yla <strong>II. Murat ordunun ba\u015f\u0131na ge\u00e7mi\u015f<\/strong> ve Ha\u00e7l\u0131lar\u0131 <strong>Varna Sava\u015f\u0131<\/strong>\u2019nda b\u00fcy\u00fck bir bozguna u\u011fratm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"192\"><strong>\u00d6nemli \u0130\u00e7 Olay<\/strong>: II. Murat tahta geri d\u00f6nmeden hemen \u00f6nce (1446), ekonomik s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 bahane eden yeni\u00e7erilerin \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 <strong>Bu\u00e7uktepe<\/strong><strong> \u0130syan\u0131<\/strong> ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu olay, <strong>tarihteki ilk Yeni\u00e7eri isyan\u0131d\u0131r<\/strong>.<\/li><\/ul><h3 id=\"tk-1448-ii-kosova-savasi\" data-tk-source=\"193\"><strong>1448 II. Kosova Sava\u015f\u0131:<\/strong><\/h3><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"194\">Varna yenilgisinin intikam\u0131n\u0131 almak isteyen Ha\u00e7l\u0131lar\u0131n (<strong>Hunyadi<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>Yano\u015f<\/strong> komutas\u0131nda) yapt\u0131klar\u0131 son b\u00fcy\u00fck taarruz sava\u015f\u0131d\u0131r. Osmanl\u0131 ordusu Ha\u00e7l\u0131lar\u0131 bir kez daha hezimete u\u011fratm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"195\"><strong>II. Kosova Sava\u015f\u0131&#8217;n\u0131n Kesin Sonu\u00e7lar\u0131<\/strong>:<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"196\">T\u00fcrklerin Balkanlardaki h\u00e2kimiyeti <strong>kesinle\u015fmi\u015ftir<\/strong> (Anadolu&#8217;daki <strong>Miryokefalon Sava\u015f\u0131&#8217;na<\/strong> benzer bir tapu niteli\u011findedir).<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"197\">Avrupa&#8217;n\u0131n, T\u00fcrkleri Balkanlardan atma \u00fcmidi tamamen sona ermi\u015ftir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"198\">Avrupa 1683 <strong>II. Viyana <\/strong><strong>Ku\u015fatmas\u0131&#8217;na<\/strong> kadar tamamen <strong>savunmaya<\/strong> ge\u00e7mi\u015f, Osmanl\u0131 ise <strong>taarruza<\/strong> ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir.<\/li><\/ul><h3 id=\"tk-kisa-kronoloji-ozet-tablo\" data-tk-source=\"199\"><strong>K\u0131sa Kronoloji \/ \u00d6zet Tablo:<\/strong><\/h3><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"200\"><strong>1302 Koyunhisar (<\/strong><strong>Bafeus<\/strong><strong>) Sava\u015f\u0131<\/strong>: Bizans ile ilk sava\u015f (Kurulu\u015f).<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"201\"><strong>1326 Bursa\u2019n\u0131n Fethi<\/strong>: Ba\u015fkent oldu, devletle\u015fme h\u0131zland\u0131.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"202\"><strong>1329 Maltepe (<\/strong><strong>Palekanon<\/strong><strong>) Sava\u015f\u0131<\/strong>: Bizans&#8217;\u0131n Anadolu ile kara ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 kesildi.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"203\"><strong>1363 Sazl\u0131dere Sava\u015f\u0131 \/ Edirne Fethi<\/strong>: Balkanlar\u0131n kap\u0131s\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131, ba\u015fkent Edirne oldu.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"204\"><strong>1389 I. Kosova Sava\u015f\u0131<\/strong>: Ha\u00e7l\u0131lara kar\u015f\u0131 ilk b\u00fcy\u00fck zafer, top kullan\u0131ld\u0131.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"205\"><strong>1402 Ankara Sava\u015f\u0131<\/strong>: Timur&#8217;a yenilgi, Fetret Devri ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"206\"><strong>1444 Varna Sava\u015f\u0131<\/strong>: Antla\u015fmay\u0131 bozan Ha\u00e7l\u0131 ittifak\u0131 yok edildi.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"207\"><strong>1448 II. Kosova Sava\u015f\u0131<\/strong>: T\u00fcrklerin Balkanlardan at\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131 kesinle\u015fti (Avrupa savunmaya ge\u00e7ti).<\/li><\/ul><p class=\"tk-paragraf\" data-tk-source=\"208\">&#8220;Bu ders notlar\u0131n\u0131n her hakk\u0131 sakl\u0131d\u0131r. Hangi ama\u00e7la olursa olsun, ders notlar\u0131n\u0131n tamam\u0131n\u0131n veya bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n <strong>www.tarihkursu.com<\/strong><strong> <\/strong>sitesinin yaz\u0131l\u0131 izni olmadan sosyal medyada ve internet ortam\u0131nda payla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131, kopya edilmesi, foto\u011fraf\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ekilmesi, herhangi bir yolla \u00e7o\u011falt\u0131lmas\u0131, yay\u0131mlanmas\u0131 ya da kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 yasakt\u0131r. 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