{"id":3434,"date":"2026-08-01T13:16:26","date_gmt":"2026-08-01T10:16:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/?p=3434"},"modified":"2026-08-01T13:16:27","modified_gmt":"2026-08-01T10:16:27","slug":"milli-mucadele","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/index.php\/2026\/08\/01\/milli-mucadele\/","title":{"rendered":"Mill\u00ee M\u00fccadele Haz\u0131rl\u0131k D\u00f6nemi KPSS Tarih Notlar\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Mill\u00ee M\u00fccadele Haz\u0131rl\u0131k D\u00f6nemi i\u00e7eri\u011fi; Mondros Ate\u015fkes Antla\u015fmas\u0131 ve sonu\u00e7lar\u0131, Paris Bar\u0131\u015f Konferans\u0131, \u0130zmir\u2019in i\u015fgali, Kuvay\u0131milliye Hareketi, az\u0131nl\u0131k ve mill\u00ee cemiyetler ile Mill\u00ee M\u00fccadele haz\u0131rl\u0131k s\u00fcrecindeki geli\u015fmeler konular\u0131n\u0131 kapsar. <strong>KPSS tarih <\/strong>s\u0131nav\u0131na \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan adaylar i\u00e7in haz\u0131rlanan bu <strong>KPSS tarih ders notlar\u0131<\/strong>, sizleri s\u0131navlara eksiksiz haz\u0131rlayacakt\u0131r. <strong>Online KPSS tarih <\/strong>notlar\u0131 sayesinde <strong>MEB AGS, \u00d6ABT, KPSS ve EKPSS<\/strong> s\u0131navlar\u0131na tam olarak haz\u0131rlanacaks\u0131n\u0131z. <strong>KPSS tarih \u00f6zet ders notlar\u0131  <\/strong>d\u00fczenli ve \u00f6\u011frenci dostu bir kaynakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<style>\n.tk-ders-notu{--tk-lacivert:#12355b;--tk-turkuaz:#087f8c;--tk-bordo:#8b1e3f;--tk-altin:#d69e2e;--tk-acik-mavi:#eef6ff;--tk-acik-turkuaz:#ecfbfa;--tk-acik-sari:#fff8dc;--tk-metin:#243447;--tk-cizgi:#c8d7e6;position:relative;width:100%;max-width:1100px;min-width:0;margin:0 auto;padding:clamp(12px,2.4vw,28px);box-sizing:border-box;color:var(--tk-metin);font:400 17px\/1.72 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,\"Segoe UI\",Arial,sans-serif;overflow-wrap:anywhere;word-wrap:break-word;hyphens:auto;background:#f7fafc;border-radius:18px}\n.tk-ders-notu *,.tk-ders-notu 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(max-width:375px){\n.tk-ders-notu{font-size:15.5px}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-dugme{width:100%;text-align:center}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-tablo th,.tk-ders-notu .tk-tablo td{padding:9px 6px;font-size:15px}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-tablo.tk-cok-sutun td{grid-template-columns:minmax(82px,34%) minmax(0,1fr);gap:8px}\n}\n@media print{\n.tk-ders-notu{max-width:none;margin:0;padding:0;background:#fff;color:#000;font-size:11pt;box-shadow:none}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-ilerleme,.tk-ders-notu .tk-kontroller,.tk-ders-notu .tk-basa-don{display:none!important}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-ust{padding:0 0 14pt;background:#fff!important;color:#000;box-shadow:none}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-ana-baslik{color:#000;border-bottom:2pt solid #000}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-icindekiler{border:1pt solid #777;background:#fff;color:#000}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-icindekiler-listesi a{color:#000}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-kart{break-inside:auto;margin:0 0 14pt;padding:0;border:0;box-shadow:none}\n.tk-ders-notu h2,.tk-ders-notu h3{break-after:avoid;color:#000}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-tablo{break-inside:auto}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-tablo tr{break-inside:avoid}\n.tk-ders-notu a{text-decoration:none;color:#000}\n}\n<\/style>\n<article class=\"tk-ders-notu\" id=\"tk-ders-milli-mucadele-donemi\" lang=\"tr\" data-tk-ready=\"false\"><div class=\"tk-ilerleme\" role=\"progressbar\" aria-label=\"Okuma ilerlemesi\" aria-valuemin=\"0\" aria-valuemax=\"100\" aria-valuenow=\"0\"><span class=\"tk-ilerleme-cubugu\"><\/span><\/div><header class=\"tk-ust\" id=\"tk-ders-baslangici\"><p class=\"tk-ana-baslik\" data-tk-source=\"1\"><strong>M\u0130LL\u00ce M\u00dcCADELE D\u00d6NEM\u0130<\/strong><\/p><div class=\"tk-kontroller\"><button class=\"tk-dugme tk-yazdir\" type=\"button\" aria-label=\"Ders notunu yazd\u0131r\">Yazd\u0131r<\/button><button class=\"tk-dugme tk-ice-git\" type=\"button\" aria-label=\"\u0130\u00e7indekiler b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne git\">\u0130\u00e7indekilere Git<\/button><\/div><nav class=\"tk-icindekiler\" id=\"tk-icindekiler-milli-mucadele-donemi\" aria-label=\"Ders notu i\u00e7indekiler\"><p class=\"tk-icindekiler-baslik\">\u0130\u00e7indekiler<\/p><ul class=\"tk-icindekiler-listesi\"><li class=\"tk-alt-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-mondros-ateskes-antlasmasi-30-ekim-1918\">MONDROS ATE\u015eKES ANTLA\u015eMASI (30 EK\u0130M 1918)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-alt-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-antlasmanin-onemli-sartlari-ve-analizi\">Antla\u015fman\u0131n \u00d6nemli \u015eartlar\u0131 ve Analizi:<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-alt-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-mondros-ateskes-antlasmasi-nin-genel-sonuclari\">Mondros Ate\u015fkes Antla\u015fmas\u0131&#x27;n\u0131n Genel Sonu\u00e7lar\u0131:<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-alt-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-mondros-ateskes-anlasmasi-na-yonelik-tepkiler\">MONDROS ATE\u015eKES ANLA\u015eMASI\u2019NA Y\u00d6NEL\u0130K TEPK\u0130LER<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-alt-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-paris-baris-konferansi-18-ocak-1919\">PAR\u0130S BARI\u015e KONFERANSI (18 OCAK 1919)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-alt-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-izmir-in-isgali-15-mayis-1919\">\u0130ZM\u0130R\u2019\u0130N \u0130\u015eGAL\u0130 (15 MAYIS 1919)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-ana-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-kuvayimilliye-hareketi\">KUVAYIM\u0130LL\u0130YE HAREKET\u0130<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-alt-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-cemiyetler-donemi\">CEM\u0130YETLER D\u00d6NEM\u0130<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-alt-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-azinlik-cemiyetlerinin-ortak-ozellikleri\">Az\u0131nl\u0131k Cemiyetlerinin Ortak \u00d6zellikleri:<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-alt-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-milli-varliga-dusman-cemiyetlerin-ortak-ozellikleri\">Mill\u00ee Varl\u0131\u011fa D\u00fc\u015fman Cemiyetlerin Ortak \u00d6zellikleri:<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-alt-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-milli-yararli-cemiyetlerin-ortak-ozellikleri\">Mill\u00ee (Yararl\u0131) Cemiyetlerin Ortak \u00d6zellikleri:<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-ana-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-milli-mucadele-hazirlik-donemi\">M\u0130LL\u0130 M\u00dcCADELE HAZIRLIK D\u00d6NEM\u0130<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-alt-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-misak-i-milli-kararlari-kabulu-28-ocak-1920-ilani-17-subat-1920\">Misak-\u0131 Milli Kararlar\u0131 (Kabul\u00fc: 28 Ocak 1920 \/ \u0130lan\u0131: 17 \u015eubat 1920)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-ana-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-i-tbmm-donemi\">I. TBMM D\u00d6NEM\u0130<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-alt-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-buyuk-millet-meclisine-karsi-isyanlar-ve-alinan-tedbirler\">B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisine Kar\u015f\u0131 \u0130syanlar ve Al\u0131nan Tedbirler<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/header><div class=\"tk-icerik\"><section class=\"tk-kart tk-kart-ilk\"><h3 id=\"tk-mondros-ateskes-antlasmasi-30-ekim-1918\" data-tk-source=\"2\"><strong>MONDROS ATE\u015eKES ANTLA\u015eMASI (30 EK\u0130M 1918)<\/strong><\/h3><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"3\"><strong>I. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131<\/strong>, <strong>1918<\/strong> y\u0131l\u0131nda <strong>Osmanl\u0131 Devleti<\/strong> ve m\u00fcttefiklerinin (\u0130ttifak Devletleri) yenilgisiyle sonu\u00e7lanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"4\">Yenilgi \u00fczerine <strong>Sadrazam Talat Pa\u015fa<\/strong> istifa etmi\u015f, yerine <strong>Ahmet \u0130zzet Pa\u015fa<\/strong> ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda yeni h\u00fck\u00fbmet kurulmu\u015ftur.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"5\">Bu yeni h\u00fck\u00fbmet, sava\u015f\u0131 bitirmek i\u00e7in ate\u015fkes istemi\u015f ve <strong>Bahriye Naz\u0131r\u0131 Rauf Bey<\/strong> ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaki Osmanl\u0131 heyetini, <strong>Limni<\/strong><strong> Adas\u0131<\/strong>&#8216;n\u0131n <strong>Mondros Liman\u0131<\/strong>&#8216;na g\u00f6ndermi\u015ftir. G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeler, Yunanistan s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131na yak\u0131n bir \u0130ngiliz z\u0131rhl\u0131s\u0131 olan <strong>Agamemnon<\/strong><strong> Gemisi<\/strong>&#8216;nde yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"6\"><strong>\u0130tilaf Devletleri<\/strong>&#8216;ni temsilen <strong>\u0130ngiliz Amiral <\/strong><strong>Calthorpe<\/strong> ile <strong>27 Ekim 1918<\/strong>&#8216;de ba\u015flayan g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeler sonucunda, <strong>25 madde<\/strong> h\u00e2linde d\u00fczenlenen <strong>Mondros Ate\u015fkes Antla\u015fmas\u0131<\/strong>, <strong>30 Ekim 1918<\/strong>&#8216;de imzalanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><\/ul><h3 id=\"tk-antlasmanin-onemli-sartlari-ve-analizi\" data-tk-source=\"7\"><strong>Antla\u015fman\u0131n \u00d6nemli \u015eartlar\u0131 ve Analizi:<\/strong><\/h3><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"8\"><strong>Bo\u011fazlar<\/strong> a\u00e7\u0131lacak ve her ikisi de <strong>\u0130tilaf Devletleri<\/strong> taraf\u0131ndan kontrol edilecektir. (\u0130stanbul&#8217;un ve Anadolu&#8217;nun g\u00fcvenli\u011fi tehlikeye d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr).<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"9\">S\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n korunmas\u0131 ve i\u00e7 d\u00fczenin sa\u011flanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in belirlenen askerler d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki t\u00fcm <strong>Osmanl\u0131 kuvvetleri terhis edilecektir<\/strong>.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"10\"><strong>Osmanl\u0131 kara sular\u0131nda<\/strong> g\u00fcvenlik i\u00e7in gerekli k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck gemiler hari\u00e7 t\u00fcm gemiler, <strong>\u0130tilaf Devletleri<\/strong> taraf\u0131ndan belirlenen limanlara \u00e7ekilecek ve teslim edilecektir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"11\">Osmanl\u0131 elinde bulunan <strong>\u0130tilaf Devletleri<\/strong>&#8216;ne ait esirler ile Ermeni esirler derh\u00e2l b\u0131rak\u0131lacak, ancak <strong>Osmanl\u0131 esirleri b\u0131rak\u0131lmayacakt\u0131r<\/strong>. (Bu durum, devletler aras\u0131 <strong>&#8220;E\u015fitlik&#8221;<\/strong> ilkesine ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r).<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"12\"><strong>Madde 7:<\/strong> <strong>\u0130tilaf Devletleri<\/strong>, g\u00fcvenliklerini tehdit eden bir durum olursa herhangi bir stratejik noktay\u0131 i\u015fgal edebilecektir. (Antla\u015fman\u0131n <strong>en a\u011f\u0131r maddesidir<\/strong>. Yurdun tamam\u0131 i\u015fgallere a\u00e7\u0131k h\u00e2le gelmi\u015f ve yap\u0131lacak i\u015fgallere hukuki k\u0131l\u0131f uydurulmu\u015ftur).<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"13\"><strong>Toros T\u00fcnelleri<\/strong>, telsiz, telgraf ve haberle\u015fme istasyonlar\u0131 <strong>\u0130tilaf Devletleri<\/strong> taraf\u0131ndan i\u015fgal veya kontrol edilecektir. (Ama\u00e7, T\u00fcrk halk\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmesini ve ileti\u015fim kurmas\u0131n\u0131 engellemektir).<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"14\"><strong>Osmanl\u0131 Devleti<\/strong>, <strong>\u0130ttifak Devletleri<\/strong> ile t\u00fcm diplomatik ili\u015fkilerini kesecektir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"15\"><strong>Trablus<\/strong> ve <strong>Bingazi<\/strong>&#8216;de bulunan <strong>Osmanl\u0131 subaylar\u0131<\/strong> en k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede b\u00f6lgedeki <strong>\u0130talyan garnizonuna<\/strong> teslim olacakt\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"16\"><strong>Madde 24:<\/strong> Do\u011fudaki alt\u0131 vilayette (<strong>Vil\u00e2y\u00e2t<\/strong><strong>-\u0131 Sitte: Sivas, <\/strong><strong>Elaz\u0131\u011f<\/strong><strong>, Bitlis, Diyarbak\u0131r, Van, Erzurum<\/strong>) kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k \u00e7\u0131karsa bu vilayetleri <strong>\u0130tilaf Devletleri<\/strong> i\u015fgal edecektir. (Bu maddenin as\u0131l amac\u0131 do\u011fuda ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir <strong>Ermeni Devleti<\/strong> kurmakt\u0131r).<\/li><\/ul><h3 id=\"tk-mondros-ateskes-antlasmasi-nin-genel-sonuclari\" data-tk-source=\"17\"><strong>Mondros Ate\u015fkes Antla\u015fmas\u0131&#8217;n\u0131n Genel Sonu\u00e7lar\u0131:<\/strong><\/h3><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"18\"><strong>5. Madde<\/strong> (ordunun terhisi) ile <strong>Osmanl\u0131 Devleti<\/strong> tamamen savunmas\u0131z b\u0131rak\u0131lmak istenmi\u015ftir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"19\">Antla\u015fmadan sonra ilk i\u015fgal edilen Osmanl\u0131 topra\u011f\u0131, <strong>3 Kas\u0131m 1918<\/strong>&#8216;de <strong>\u0130ngilizler<\/strong> taraf\u0131ndan i\u015fgal edilen <strong>Musul<\/strong>&#8216;dur. (Anadolu&#8217;da ilk i\u015fgal edilen yer ise <strong>Frans\u0131zlara<\/strong> kar\u015f\u0131 direni\u015fin ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 <strong>Hatay\/D\u00f6rtyol<\/strong>&#8216;dur).<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"20\">Bat\u0131 Anadolu&#8217;daki ilk i\u015fgal ise <strong>\u0130zmir<\/strong> olmu\u015ftur.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"21\"><strong>Mondros Ate\u015fkes Antla\u015fmas\u0131<\/strong> ile <strong>Osmanl\u0131 Devleti fiilen (eylemsel olarak) sona ermi\u015ftir<\/strong>.<\/li><\/ul><div class=\"tk-tablo-kapsayici\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"M\u0130LL\u00ce M\u00dcCADELE D\u00d6NEM\u0130 - Tablo 1\"><table class=\"tk-tablo tk-iki-sutun\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metni\" data-tk-source=\"22\"><strong>\u0130\u015eGALC\u0130 DEVLET<\/strong><\/p><\/th><th scope=\"col\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metni\" data-tk-source=\"23\"><strong>\u0130\u015eGAL ED\u0130LEN OSMANLI TOPRAKLARI<\/strong><\/p><\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"\u0130\u015eGALC\u0130 DEVLET\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metni\" data-tk-source=\"24\"><strong>\u0130ngilizler<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td data-label=\"\u0130\u015eGAL ED\u0130LEN OSMANLI TOPRAKLARI\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metni\" data-tk-source=\"25\"><strong>Samsun, Merzifon, Musul, Urfa, Mara\u015f, Antep, Eski\u015fehir, \u0130zmit, K\u00fctahya, Afyon, Irak.<\/strong> <em>(Not: \u0130ngilizler, daha sonra Suriye <\/em><em>\u0130tilafnamesi<\/em><em> ile Urfa, Mara\u015f ve Antep&#8217;i Frans\u0131zlara devretmi\u015ftir).<\/em><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"\u0130\u015eGALC\u0130 DEVLET\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metni\" data-tk-source=\"26\"><strong>Frans\u0131zlar<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td data-label=\"\u0130\u015eGAL ED\u0130LEN OSMANLI TOPRAKLARI\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metni\" data-tk-source=\"27\"><strong>Suriye, Hatay (D\u00f6rtyol), L\u00fcbnan, Mersin, Adana, Zonguldak<\/strong> (ve \u0130ngilizlerden devrald\u0131klar\u0131 Urfa, Mara\u015f, Antep).<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"\u0130\u015eGALC\u0130 DEVLET\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metni\" data-tk-source=\"28\"><strong>\u0130talyanlar<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td data-label=\"\u0130\u015eGAL ED\u0130LEN OSMANLI TOPRAKLARI\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metni\" data-tk-source=\"29\"><strong>Antalya<\/strong>&#8216;dan <strong>Konya<\/strong>&#8216;ya kadar olan G\u00fcneybat\u0131 Anadolu yerleri (Mu\u011fla, Burdur, Isparta).<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"\u0130\u015eGALC\u0130 DEVLET\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metni\" data-tk-source=\"30\"><strong>Yunanlar<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td data-label=\"\u0130\u015eGAL ED\u0130LEN OSMANLI TOPRAKLARI\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metni\" data-tk-source=\"31\"><strong>\u0130zmir<\/strong> ve \u00e7evresi.<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"\u0130\u015eGALC\u0130 DEVLET\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metni\" data-tk-source=\"32\"><strong>Ermeniler<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td data-label=\"\u0130\u015eGAL ED\u0130LEN OSMANLI TOPRAKLARI\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metni\" data-tk-source=\"33\"><strong>Kars<\/strong> ve <strong>Ardahan<\/strong> y\u00f6releri.<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"\u0130\u015eGALC\u0130 DEVLET\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metni\" data-tk-source=\"34\"><strong>G\u00fcrc\u00fcler<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td data-label=\"\u0130\u015eGAL ED\u0130LEN OSMANLI TOPRAKLARI\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metni\" data-tk-source=\"35\"><strong>Artvin<\/strong> ve \u00e7evresi.<\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 id=\"tk-mondros-ateskes-anlasmasi-na-yonelik-tepkiler\" data-tk-source=\"36\"><strong>MONDROS ATE\u015eKES ANLA\u015eMASI\u2019NA Y\u00d6NEL\u0130K TEPK\u0130LER<\/strong><\/h3><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"37\"><strong>\u0130stanbul <\/strong><strong>H\u00fck\u00fbmeti\u2019nin<\/strong><strong> Tepkisi:<\/strong> Antla\u015fma olumlu kar\u015f\u0131lanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. H\u00fck\u00fbmet, i\u015fgallere kar\u015f\u0131 direnilmemesini, ta\u015fk\u0131nl\u0131k yap\u0131lmamas\u0131n\u0131 ve s\u00fckunetin korunmas\u0131n\u0131 istemi\u015ftir. Teslimiyet\u00e7i bir politika izlenmi\u015ftir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"38\"><strong>Mustafa Kemal\u2019in Tepkisi:<\/strong> Antla\u015fman\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131kla ba\u011fda\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ok a\u011f\u0131r oldu\u011funu belirterek <strong>\u0130stanbul <\/strong><strong>H\u00fck\u00fbmeti<\/strong>&#8216;ni uyarm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <strong>13 Kas\u0131m 1918<\/strong>&#8216;de \u0130stanbul&#8217;a geldi\u011finde bo\u011fazda d\u00fc\u015fman gemilerini g\u00f6rerek yaveri <strong>Cevat Abbas<\/strong>&#8216;a tarihi s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftir: <strong>&#8220;Geldikleri gibi giderler.&#8221;<\/strong><\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"39\"><strong>Halk\u0131n Tepkisi:<\/strong> <strong>\u0130stanbul <\/strong><strong>H\u00fck\u00fbmeti<\/strong>&#8216;nin i\u015fgaller kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda sessiz kalmas\u0131 \u00fczerine halk, kendi vatan\u0131n\u0131 savunmak i\u00e7in harekete ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. Protestolar ve mitingler d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f, yerel direni\u015f \u00f6rg\u00fctleri olan <strong>M\u00fcdafaa-i Hukuk Cemiyetleri<\/strong> kurulmu\u015ftur. \u0130\u015fgallerin yay\u0131lmas\u0131yla birlikte halk, silahl\u0131 milis kuvvetleri olan <strong>Kuvay\u0131milliye<\/strong>&#8216;yi olu\u015fturmu\u015ftur.<\/li><\/ul><h3 id=\"tk-paris-baris-konferansi-18-ocak-1919\" data-tk-source=\"40\"><strong>PAR\u0130S BARI\u015e KONFERANSI (18 OCAK 1919)<\/strong><\/h3><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"41\"><strong>Toplanma Amac\u0131:<\/strong> <strong>I. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131<\/strong> sonunda yenilen devletlerin durumlar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmek ve yap\u0131lacak bar\u0131\u015f antla\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n esaslar\u0131n\u0131 belirlemektir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"42\"><strong>Kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar ve Etkili Devletler:<\/strong> Konferansa <strong>32 devlet<\/strong> kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f; ancak kararlarda <strong>\u0130ngiltere, Fransa, ABD, \u0130talya<\/strong> ve <strong>Japonya<\/strong> etkili olmu\u015ftur.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"43\"><strong>Devletlerin Hedefleri:<\/strong><\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"44\"><strong>ABD:<\/strong> Uluslararas\u0131 bar\u0131\u015f\u0131 koruyacak bir cemiyetin (<strong>Milletler Cemiyeti<\/strong>) kurulmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamay\u0131 hedeflemi\u015ftir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"45\"><strong>\u0130ngiltere ve Fransa:<\/strong> Bar\u0131\u015ftan ziyade kendi emperyalist \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirme amac\u0131 g\u00fctm\u00fc\u015flerdir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"46\"><strong>Al\u0131nan \u00d6nemli Kararlar ve Geli\u015fmeler:<\/strong><\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"47\">Daha \u00f6nce gizli antla\u015fmalarla <strong>\u0130talya<\/strong>&#8216;ya vaat edilen <strong>\u0130zmir<\/strong> ve \u00e7evresi, Do\u011fu Akdeniz&#8217;de g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir \u0130talya istemeyen <strong>\u0130ngilizlerin<\/strong> deste\u011fiyle <strong>Yunanistan<\/strong>&#8216;a verilmi\u015ftir. Bu durum <strong>\u0130tilaf Devletleri<\/strong> aras\u0131ndaki <strong>ilk b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f ayr\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r<\/strong>. <strong>\u0130talya<\/strong> bu duruma tepki g\u00f6stererek konferans\u0131 terk etmi\u015ftir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"48\">Uluslararas\u0131 kal\u0131c\u0131 bar\u0131\u015f\u0131 sa\u011flamak amac\u0131yla <strong>Milletler Cemiyeti (Cemiyet-i Akvam)<\/strong> resmen kurulmu\u015ftur.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"49\"><strong>Alsas-Loren<\/strong> b\u00f6lgesi <strong>Almanya<\/strong>&#8216;dan al\u0131narak <strong>Fransa<\/strong>&#8216;ya verilmi\u015ftir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"50\"><strong>Avusturya, \u00c7ekoslovakya<\/strong> ve <strong>Macaristan<\/strong> gibi yeni devletlerin kurulmas\u0131 kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. (\u0130mparatorluklar\u0131n par\u00e7aland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kan\u0131t\u0131d\u0131r).<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"51\"><strong>Osmanl\u0131 Devleti hari\u00e7<\/strong>, di\u011fer yenilen <strong>\u0130ttifak Devletleri<\/strong> ile yap\u0131lacak bar\u0131\u015f antla\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n \u015fartlar\u0131 belirlenmi\u015ftir. (Osmanl\u0131 topraklar\u0131n\u0131 payla\u015fmada uzla\u015famad\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in antla\u015fma sonraya b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r).<\/li><\/ul><h3 id=\"tk-izmir-in-isgali-15-mayis-1919\" data-tk-source=\"52\"><strong>\u0130ZM\u0130R\u2019\u0130N \u0130\u015eGAL\u0130 (15 MAYIS 1919)<\/strong><\/h3><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"53\"><strong>\u0130\u015fgalin Gerek\u00e7eleri (Yunan \u0130ddialar\u0131):<\/strong> <strong>Yunanlar<\/strong>, <strong>Paris Bar\u0131\u015f Konferans\u0131<\/strong>&#8216;nda al\u0131nan karara dayanarak i\u015fgal haz\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131na ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Sahte belgelere dayanarak b\u00f6lgede <strong>Rum n\u00fcfusunun \u00e7o\u011funlukta oldu\u011funu<\/strong>, b\u00f6lgenin tarihsel olarak Yunanlara ait oldu\u011funu ve <strong>T\u00fcrklerin Rumlar\u0131 katletmeye haz\u0131rland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131<\/strong> iddia ederek i\u015fgale hakl\u0131 gerek\u00e7eler (Wilson \u0130lkeleri&#8217;ne uygunluk) uydurmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"54\"><strong>\u0130\u015fgalin Ba\u015flamas\u0131:<\/strong> <strong>15 May\u0131s 1919<\/strong> sabah\u0131, <strong>\u0130ngiliz<\/strong> sava\u015f gemilerinin korumas\u0131 alt\u0131nda <strong>Yunan askerleri<\/strong> <strong>\u0130zmir Liman\u0131<\/strong>&#8216;na \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yerli Rumlar\u0131n ta\u015fk\u0131n sevin\u00e7 g\u00f6sterileri e\u015fli\u011finde asker\u00ee k\u0131\u015fla ve h\u00fck\u00fbmet kona\u011f\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irilmi\u015ftir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"55\"><strong>\u0130lk Kur\u015fun:<\/strong> Hukuk-u Be\u015fer gazetesi ba\u015fyazar\u0131 olan gazeteci <strong>Hasan Tahsin<\/strong> (ger\u00e7ek ad\u0131 <strong>Osman <\/strong><strong>Nevres<\/strong>), Yunan askerlerine ate\u015f a\u00e7arak i\u015fgale kar\u015f\u0131 <strong>ilk silahl\u0131 tepkiyi<\/strong> g\u00f6stermi\u015f ve \u015fehit edilmi\u015ftir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"56\"><strong>Amiral Bristol Raporu:<\/strong> \u0130zmir&#8217;de ya\u015fanan katliamlar ve Osmanl\u0131 Devleti&#8217;nin itirazlar\u0131 \u00fczerine, Amerikal\u0131 <strong>Amiral Bristol<\/strong> ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda <strong>\u0130ngiliz, Frans\u0131z<\/strong> ve <strong>\u0130talyan<\/strong> temsilcilerden olu\u015fan uluslararas\u0131 bir komisyon b\u00f6lgeye g\u00f6nderilmi\u015ftir. Komisyonun haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 raporda, b\u00f6lgede <strong>T\u00fcrklerin \u00e7o\u011funlukta oldu\u011fu<\/strong> ve katliamlar\u0131n Yunanlar taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtilmi\u015ftir. Bu rapor, <strong>T\u00fcrk mill\u00ee m\u00fccadelesinin hakl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fcnya kamuoyuna duyuran ilk uluslararas\u0131 belgedir<\/strong>.<\/li><\/ul><\/section><section class=\"tk-kart\"><h2 id=\"tk-kuvayimilliye-hareketi\" data-tk-source=\"57\"><strong>KUVAYIM\u0130LL\u0130YE HAREKET\u0130<\/strong><\/h2><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"58\"><strong>Tan\u0131m:<\/strong> Mill\u00ee kuvvetler veya milis kuvvetler anlam\u0131na gelir. B\u00f6lgesel, d\u00fczensiz ve halk taraf\u0131ndan olu\u015fturulan silahl\u0131 direni\u015f kuvvetleridir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"59\"><strong>Ortaya \u00c7\u0131k\u0131\u015f Nedenleri:<\/strong><\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"60\"><strong>Mondros Ate\u015fkes Antla\u015fmas\u0131<\/strong> ile Osmanl\u0131 ordusunun terhis edilmesi.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"61\">\u00dclkenin d\u00f6rt bir yandan i\u015fgal edilmeye ba\u015flanmas\u0131.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"62\"><strong>\u0130stanbul <\/strong><strong>H\u00fck\u00fbmeti<\/strong>&#8216;nin i\u015fgaller kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda sessiz ve tepkisiz kalmas\u0131.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"63\"><strong>Faaliyetleri:<\/strong> <strong>15 May\u0131s 1919<\/strong>&#8216;da \u0130zmir&#8217;in i\u015fgalinden sonra, i\u015fgalin kal\u0131c\u0131 olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlayan halk taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6zellikle <strong>Bat\u0131 Anadolu<\/strong>&#8216;da yo\u011fun olarak kurulmu\u015ftur. Hem i\u015fgalci g\u00fc\u00e7leri (\u00f6zellikle Yunanlar\u0131) yava\u015flatm\u0131\u015flar hem de i\u015fgal edilmeyen b\u00f6lgelerde g\u00fcvenli\u011fi sa\u011flayarak TBMM&#8217;ye kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kan <strong>i\u00e7 isyanlar\u0131 bast\u0131rm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r<\/strong>.<\/li><\/ul><h3 id=\"tk-cemiyetler-donemi\" data-tk-source=\"64\"><strong>CEM\u0130YETLER D\u00d6NEM\u0130<\/strong><\/h3><p class=\"tk-paragraf\" data-tk-source=\"65\">T\u00fcrk halk\u0131 i\u015fgallere kar\u015f\u0131 silahl\u0131 m\u00fccadelenin (Kuvay\u0131milliye) yan\u0131 s\u0131ra hukuki ve siyasi m\u00fccadele vermek i\u00e7in <strong>Mill\u00ee Cemiyetler<\/strong> kurmu\u015ftur. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, Osmanl\u0131 i\u00e7indeki az\u0131nl\u0131klar ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa inanmayan kesimler de <strong>Mill\u00ee Varl\u0131\u011fa D\u00fc\u015fman Cemiyetler<\/strong> olu\u015fturmu\u015ftur.<\/p><div class=\"tk-tablo-kapsayici\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"M\u0130LL\u00ce M\u00dcCADELE D\u00d6NEM\u0130 - Tablo 2\"><table class=\"tk-tablo tk-cok-sutun\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metni\" data-tk-source=\"66\"><strong>AZINLIK<\/strong><\/p><\/th><th scope=\"col\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metni\" data-tk-source=\"67\"><strong>CEM\u0130YET\u0130N ADI<\/strong><\/p><\/th><th scope=\"col\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metni\" data-tk-source=\"68\"><strong>KURULU\u015e (Tarih)<\/strong><\/p><\/th><th scope=\"col\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metni\" data-tk-source=\"69\"><strong>AMACI VE FAAL\u0130YETLER\u0130<\/strong><\/p><\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"AZINLIK\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metni\" data-tk-source=\"70\"><strong>Rumlar<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td data-label=\"CEM\u0130YET\u0130N ADI\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metni\" data-tk-source=\"71\"><strong>Etniki<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>Eterya<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td data-label=\"KURULU\u015e (Tarih)\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metni\" data-tk-source=\"72\"><strong>1814<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td data-label=\"AMACI VE FAAL\u0130YETLER\u0130\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metni\" data-tk-source=\"73\">Eski <strong>Bizans \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu<\/strong>&#8216;nu yeniden kurmak. (En eski az\u0131nl\u0131k cemiyetidir).<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"AZINLIK\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metni\" data-tk-source=\"74\"><strong>Rumlar<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td data-label=\"CEM\u0130YET\u0130N ADI\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metni\" data-tk-source=\"75\"><strong>Pontus Rum<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td data-label=\"KURULU\u015e (Tarih)\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metni\" data-tk-source=\"76\"><strong>1904<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td data-label=\"AMACI VE FAAL\u0130YETLER\u0130\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metni\" data-tk-source=\"77\">Do\u011fu Karadeniz B\u00f6lgesi&#8217;nde (Trabzon merkezli) ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir <strong>Pontus Rum Devleti<\/strong> kurmak.<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"AZINLIK\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metni\" data-tk-source=\"78\"><strong>Rumlar<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td data-label=\"CEM\u0130YET\u0130N ADI\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metni\" data-tk-source=\"79\"><strong>Mavri Mira<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td data-label=\"KURULU\u015e (Tarih)\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metni\" data-tk-source=\"80\"><strong>1918<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td data-label=\"AMACI VE FAAL\u0130YETLER\u0130\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metni\" data-tk-source=\"81\"><strong>B\u00fcy\u00fck Yunanistan<\/strong>&#8216;\u0131 (Megali \u0130dea) kurmak ve Bizans&#8217;\u0131 canland\u0131rmak. \u0130stanbul&#8217;daki Rum Patrikhanesi taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6netilmi\u015ftir.<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"AZINLIK\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metni\" data-tk-source=\"82\"><strong>Ermeniler<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td data-label=\"CEM\u0130YET\u0130N ADI\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metni\" data-tk-source=\"83\"><strong>H\u0131n\u00e7ak<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td data-label=\"KURULU\u015e (Tarih)\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metni\" data-tk-source=\"84\"><strong>1887<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td data-label=\"AMACI VE FAAL\u0130YETLER\u0130\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metni\" data-tk-source=\"85\"><strong>Do\u011fu Anadolu<\/strong> ve <strong>\u00c7ukurova<\/strong> b\u00f6lgelerini kapsayan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir <strong>Ermeni Devleti<\/strong> kurmak.<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"AZINLIK\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metni\" data-tk-source=\"86\"><strong>Ermeniler<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td data-label=\"CEM\u0130YET\u0130N ADI\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metni\" data-tk-source=\"87\"><strong>Ta\u015fnaksutyun<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td data-label=\"KURULU\u015e (Tarih)\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metni\" data-tk-source=\"88\"><strong>1890<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td data-label=\"AMACI VE FAAL\u0130YETLER\u0130\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metni\" data-tk-source=\"89\">H\u0131n\u00e7ak cemiyeti ile ayn\u0131 amaca hizmet etmi\u015f; <strong>Do\u011fu Anadolu<\/strong>&#8216;da katliamlar yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"AZINLIK\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metni\" data-tk-source=\"90\"><strong>Yahudiler<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td data-label=\"CEM\u0130YET\u0130N ADI\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metni\" data-tk-source=\"91\"><strong>Alyans <\/strong><strong>\u0130srailit<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td data-label=\"KURULU\u015e (Tarih)\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metni\" data-tk-source=\"92\"><strong>1860<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td data-label=\"AMACI VE FAAL\u0130YETLER\u0130\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metni\" data-tk-source=\"93\"><strong>Filistin<\/strong> b\u00f6lgesinde ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir <strong>\u0130srail Devleti<\/strong> kurmak.<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"AZINLIK\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metni\" data-tk-source=\"94\"><strong>Yahudiler<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td data-label=\"CEM\u0130YET\u0130N ADI\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metni\" data-tk-source=\"95\"><strong>Makabi<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td data-label=\"KURULU\u015e (Tarih)\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metni\" data-tk-source=\"96\"><strong>1860<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td data-label=\"AMACI VE FAAL\u0130YETLER\u0130\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metni\" data-tk-source=\"97\">Alyans \u0130srailit ile ayn\u0131 amaca hizmet etmi\u015ftir.<\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 id=\"tk-azinlik-cemiyetlerinin-ortak-ozellikleri\" data-tk-source=\"98\"><strong>Az\u0131nl\u0131k Cemiyetlerinin Ortak \u00d6zellikleri:<\/strong><\/h3><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"99\"><strong>Mill\u00ee M\u00fccadele<\/strong> hareketine ve T\u00fcrk varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fmanca tutum sergilemi\u015flerdir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"100\">Bulunduklar\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerde ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z devletler kurmay\u0131 ama\u00e7lam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"101\">T\u00fcrk halk\u0131na sald\u0131rarak onlar\u0131 g\u00f6\u00e7e zorlam\u0131\u015f, b\u00f6ylece o b\u00f6lgede <strong>n\u00fcfus \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc<\/strong> (Wilson \u0130lkeleri&#8217;ne uygunluk i\u00e7in) ele ge\u00e7irmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"102\">Faaliyetleriyle b\u00f6lgede asayi\u015fi bozarak <strong>Mondros&#8217;un 7. ve 24. maddelerinin<\/strong> uygulanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in <strong>\u0130tilaf Devletlerine<\/strong> bahane yaratm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"103\">\u0130\u015fgalci devletlerden silah, para ve siyasi destek alm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/li><\/ul><div class=\"tk-tablo-kapsayici\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"M\u0130LL\u00ce M\u00dcCADELE D\u00d6NEM\u0130 - Tablo 3\"><table class=\"tk-tablo tk-cok-sutun\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metni\" data-tk-source=\"104\"><strong>CEM\u0130YET ADI<\/strong><\/p><\/th><th scope=\"col\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metni\" data-tk-source=\"105\"><strong>KURULU\u015e <\/strong><\/p><\/th><th scope=\"col\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metni\" data-tk-source=\"106\"><strong>KURULU\u015e AMACI VE FAAL\u0130YETLER\u0130<\/strong><\/p><\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"CEM\u0130YET ADI\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metni\" data-tk-source=\"107\"><strong>H\u00fcrriyet ve \u0130tilaf F\u0131rkas\u0131<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td data-label=\"KURULU\u015e\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metni\" data-tk-source=\"108\"><strong>Kas\u0131m 1911<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td data-label=\"KURULU\u015e AMACI VE FAAL\u0130YETLER\u0130\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metni\" data-tk-source=\"109\">\u0130ttihat ve Terakki F\u0131rkas\u0131\u2019na kar\u015f\u0131 kurulmu\u015f, sava\u015ftan sonra iktidara gelmi\u015ftir. Mill\u00ee M\u00fccadele&#8217;yi bir &#8220;\u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131 hareketi&#8221; olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcp kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"CEM\u0130YET ADI\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metni\" data-tk-source=\"110\"><strong>Wilson Prensipleri Cemiyeti<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td data-label=\"KURULU\u015e\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metni\" data-tk-source=\"111\"><strong>Aral\u0131k 1918<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td data-label=\"KURULU\u015e AMACI VE FAAL\u0130YETLER\u0130\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metni\" data-tk-source=\"112\">Halide Edip, Yunus Nadi gibi ayd\u0131nlar\u0131n kurdu\u011fu cemiyettir. Kurtulu\u015fun ancak g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir devletin, yani <strong>Amerikan mandas\u0131na<\/strong> (himayesine) girerek sa\u011flanabilece\u011fini savunmu\u015flard\u0131r. (Bu \u00fcyelerin \u00e7o\u011fu daha sonra hatas\u0131n\u0131 anlay\u0131p Mill\u00ee M\u00fccadele&#8217;ye kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r).<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"CEM\u0130YET ADI\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metni\" data-tk-source=\"113\"><strong>K\u00fcrt <\/strong><strong>Te\u00e2l\u00ee<\/strong><strong>-i Cemiyeti<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td data-label=\"KURULU\u015e\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metni\" data-tk-source=\"114\"><strong>Aral\u0131k 1918<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td data-label=\"KURULU\u015e AMACI VE FAAL\u0130YETLER\u0130\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metni\" data-tk-source=\"115\"><strong>\u0130ngilizlerin<\/strong> k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtmas\u0131 ve deste\u011fiyle, Wilson \u0130lkeleri&#8217;ne dayanarak Do\u011fu Anadolu&#8217;da ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir <strong>K\u00fcrt Devleti<\/strong> kurmay\u0131 ama\u00e7lam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"CEM\u0130YET ADI\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metni\" data-tk-source=\"116\"><strong>Sulh ve Sel\u00e2met-i Osmaniye F\u0131rkas\u0131<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td data-label=\"KURULU\u015e\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metni\" data-tk-source=\"117\"><strong>Ocak 1919<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td data-label=\"KURULU\u015e AMACI VE FAAL\u0130YETLER\u0130\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metni\" data-tk-source=\"118\">Kurtulu\u015fun yaln\u0131zca <strong>Padi\u015fah<\/strong> ve <strong>Halife&#8217;nin<\/strong> emirlerine s\u0131k\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131ya uymakla m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olabilece\u011fini savunmu\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"CEM\u0130YET ADI\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metni\" data-tk-source=\"119\"><strong>Te\u00e2l\u00ee<\/strong><strong>-i \u0130sl\u00e2m Cemiyeti<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td data-label=\"KURULU\u015e\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metni\" data-tk-source=\"120\"><strong>\u015eubat 1919<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td data-label=\"KURULU\u015e AMACI VE FAAL\u0130YETLER\u0130\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metni\" data-tk-source=\"121\"><strong>\u0130ngiliz<\/strong> deste\u011fiyle \u0130stanbul&#8217;da medrese hocalar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan kurulmu\u015ftur. \u00dcmmet\u00e7ilik fikrini savunup <strong>Saltanat<\/strong> ve <strong>Halifeli\u011fi<\/strong> g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmeyi ama\u00e7lam\u0131\u015f, Mill\u00ee M\u00fccadele&#8217;yi isyan olarak g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015flerdir.<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"CEM\u0130YET ADI\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metni\" data-tk-source=\"122\"><strong>\u0130ngiliz Muhipleri Cemiyeti<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td data-label=\"KURULU\u015e\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metni\" data-tk-source=\"123\"><strong>May\u0131s 1919<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td data-label=\"KURULU\u015e AMACI VE FAAL\u0130YETLER\u0130\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metni\" data-tk-source=\"124\">Kurtulu\u015fun <strong>\u0130ngiliz mandas\u0131 ve himayesine<\/strong> girmekle m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011funu savunmu\u015flard\u0131r. Sadrazam <strong>Damat Ferit Pa\u015fa<\/strong> taraf\u0131ndan desteklenmi\u015ftir. Bas\u0131n yoluyla \u0130ngiliz propagandas\u0131 yapm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 id=\"tk-milli-varliga-dusman-cemiyetlerin-ortak-ozellikleri\" data-tk-source=\"125\"><strong>Mill\u00ee Varl\u0131\u011fa D\u00fc\u015fman Cemiyetlerin Ortak \u00d6zellikleri:<\/strong><\/h3><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"126\">Tam ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa inanmam\u0131\u015flar; <strong>manda ve himaye<\/strong> (ABD veya \u0130ngiliz) fikrini savunmu\u015flard\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"127\"><strong>Saltanat ve Halifelik<\/strong> makamlar\u0131n\u0131n otoritesini savunarak Anadolu&#8217;daki direni\u015fe kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"128\">D\u00fc\u015fmanla i\u015f birli\u011fi yapm\u0131\u015f, <strong>\u0130tilaf Devletleri&#8217;nden<\/strong> (\u00f6zellikle \u0130ngiltere&#8217;den) maddi ve manevi destek alm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/li><\/ul><div class=\"tk-tablo-kapsayici\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"M\u0130LL\u00ce M\u00dcCADELE D\u00d6NEM\u0130 - Tablo 4\"><table class=\"tk-tablo tk-cok-sutun\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metni\" data-tk-source=\"129\"><strong>CEM\u0130YET\u0130N ADI<\/strong><\/p><\/th><th scope=\"col\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metni\" data-tk-source=\"130\"><strong>KURULU\u015e <\/strong><\/p><\/th><th scope=\"col\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metni\" data-tk-source=\"131\"><strong>KURULU\u015e AMACI VE FAAL\u0130YETLER\u0130<\/strong><\/p><\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"CEM\u0130YET\u0130N ADI\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metni\" data-tk-source=\"132\"><strong>Mill\u00ee Kongre Cemiyeti<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td data-label=\"KURULU\u015e\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metni\" data-tk-source=\"133\"><strong>29 Kas\u0131m 1918<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td data-label=\"KURULU\u015e AMACI VE FAAL\u0130YETLER\u0130\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metni\" data-tk-source=\"134\">Kurucusu <strong>Dr. Esat I\u015f\u0131k<\/strong>&#8216;t\u0131r. Amac\u0131, T\u00fcrklerin hakl\u0131 davas\u0131n\u0131 <strong>bas\u0131n-yay\u0131n yoluyla<\/strong> t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyaya duyurmakt\u0131r. Silahl\u0131 direni\u015fi de\u011fil, hukuki ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel m\u00fccadeleyi benimsemi\u015ftir. <strong>&#8220;<\/strong><strong>Kuvay\u0131milliye<\/strong><strong>&#8220;<\/strong> kavram\u0131n\u0131 ilk kez kullanan cemiyettir.<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"CEM\u0130YET\u0130N ADI\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metni\" data-tk-source=\"135\"><strong>\u0130zmir M\u00fcdafaa-i Hukuk-u Osmaniye Cemiyeti<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td data-label=\"KURULU\u015e\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metni\" data-tk-source=\"136\"><strong>1 Aral\u0131k 1918<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td data-label=\"KURULU\u015e AMACI VE FAAL\u0130YETLER\u0130\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metni\" data-tk-source=\"137\"><strong>\u0130zmir<\/strong>&#8216;in Yunan i\u015fgaline u\u011framas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek ve b\u00f6lgenin T\u00fcrk yurdu oldu\u011funu kan\u0131tlamak amac\u0131yla kurulmu\u015ftur.<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"CEM\u0130YET\u0130N ADI\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metni\" data-tk-source=\"138\"><strong>Trakya Pa\u015faeli M\u00fcdafaa-i Hukuk Cemiyeti<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td data-label=\"KURULU\u015e\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metni\" data-tk-source=\"139\"><strong>2 Aral\u0131k 1918<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td data-label=\"KURULU\u015e AMACI VE FAAL\u0130YETLER\u0130\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metni\" data-tk-source=\"140\"><strong>\u0130lk kurulan yararl\u0131 cemiyettir<\/strong>. Trakya&#8217;n\u0131n Yunanlara verilmesini \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in kurulmu\u015f, b\u00f6lgenin savunulmas\u0131 i\u00e7in <strong>Edirne ve L\u00fcleburgaz kongrelerini<\/strong> d\u00fczenlemi\u015ftir. (Osmanl\u0131 y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131rsa Trakya&#8217;da yeni bir T\u00fcrk devleti kurma fikrini de tart\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r).<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"CEM\u0130YET\u0130N ADI\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metni\" data-tk-source=\"141\"><strong>Do\u011fu Anadolu M\u00fcdafaa-i Hukuk Cemiyeti<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td data-label=\"KURULU\u015e\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metni\" data-tk-source=\"142\"><strong>4 Aral\u0131k 1918<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td data-label=\"KURULU\u015e AMACI VE FAAL\u0130YETLER\u0130\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metni\" data-tk-source=\"143\">Do\u011fu Anadolu&#8217;da bir <strong>Ermeni Devleti<\/strong> kurulmas\u0131n\u0131 engellemek i\u00e7in kurulmu\u015ftur. B\u00f6lgedeki T\u00fcrklerin g\u00f6\u00e7 etmesini yasaklam\u0131\u015f, <strong>Erzurum Kongresi<\/strong>&#8216;nin toplanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Hakl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 duyurmak i\u00e7in <strong>Le <\/strong><strong>Pays<\/strong><strong> (Vatan), Hadisat<\/strong> ve <strong>Albayrak<\/strong> gazetelerini \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"CEM\u0130YET\u0130N ADI\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metni\" data-tk-source=\"144\"><strong>Kilikyal\u0131lar Cemiyeti<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td data-label=\"KURULU\u015e\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metni\" data-tk-source=\"145\"><strong>21 Aral\u0131k 1918<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td data-label=\"KURULU\u015e AMACI VE FAAL\u0130YETLER\u0130\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metni\" data-tk-source=\"146\">Merkezi \u0130stanbul&#8217;dur ancak faaliyet alan\u0131 <strong>\u00c7ukurova (Adana ve \u00e7evresi)<\/strong> b\u00f6lgesidir. B\u00f6lgeyi <strong>Frans\u0131z<\/strong> ve <strong>Ermeni<\/strong> i\u015fgaline kar\u015f\u0131 savunmu\u015ftur.<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"CEM\u0130YET\u0130N ADI\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metni\" data-tk-source=\"147\"><strong>Trabzon Muhafaza-i Hukuk-u Mill\u00eeye Cemiyeti<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td data-label=\"KURULU\u015e\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metni\" data-tk-source=\"148\"><strong>12 \u015eubat 1919<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td data-label=\"KURULU\u015e AMACI VE FAAL\u0130YETLER\u0130\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metni\" data-tk-source=\"149\">Trabzon ve \u00e7evresinde <strong>Pontus Rum Devleti<\/strong> kurma hayallerini engellemek i\u00e7in kurulmu\u015ftur. Erzurum Kongresi&#8217;ne destek vermi\u015ftir.<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"CEM\u0130YET\u0130N ADI\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metni\" data-tk-source=\"150\"><strong>\u0130zmir <\/strong><strong>Redd<\/strong><strong>-i \u0130lhak Heyet-i <\/strong><strong>Mill\u00eeyesi<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td data-label=\"KURULU\u015e\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metni\" data-tk-source=\"151\"><strong>14 May\u0131s 1919<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td data-label=\"KURULU\u015e AMACI VE FAAL\u0130YETLER\u0130\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metni\" data-tk-source=\"152\">\u0130zmir&#8217;in i\u015fgalinden bir g\u00fcn \u00f6nce, b\u00f6lgenin Yunanistan&#8217;a <strong>ilhak\u0131n\u0131 (kat\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131)<\/strong> kesin olarak reddetmek amac\u0131yla kurulmu\u015f ve halk\u0131 silahl\u0131 direni\u015fe \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"CEM\u0130YET\u0130N ADI\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metni\" data-tk-source=\"153\"><strong>Anadolu Kad\u0131nlar\u0131 M\u00fcdafaa-i Vatan Cemiyeti<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td data-label=\"KURULU\u015e\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metni\" data-tk-source=\"154\"><strong>5 Kas\u0131m 1919<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td data-label=\"KURULU\u015e AMACI VE FAAL\u0130YETLER\u0130\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metni\" data-tk-source=\"155\"><strong>Sivas<\/strong>&#8216;ta, <strong>Mustafa Kemal<\/strong>&#8216;in iste\u011fi \u00fczerine Sivas Valisinin e\u015fi <strong>Melek Re\u015fit Han\u0131m<\/strong> \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde kurulmu\u015ftur. Kad\u0131nlar\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fctleyerek cepheye lojistik destek ve Mill\u00ee M\u00fccadele&#8217;ye moral sa\u011flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 id=\"tk-milli-yararli-cemiyetlerin-ortak-ozellikleri\" data-tk-source=\"156\"><strong>Mill\u00ee (Yararl\u0131) Cemiyetlerin Ortak \u00d6zellikleri:<\/strong><\/h3><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"157\">Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta <strong>b\u00f6lgesel<\/strong> kurtulu\u015fu ama\u00e7lam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r (Mill\u00ee Kongre hari\u00e7).<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"158\">Bulunduklar\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerin T\u00fcrkl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc kan\u0131tlamak i\u00e7in tarihsel ger\u00e7ekleri ve <strong>n\u00fcfus \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funu<\/strong> (Wilson \u0130lkeleri 12. Madde) kullanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"159\">B\u00f6lge halk\u0131n\u0131 bilin\u00e7lendirmek ve birle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in mitingler, <strong>geni\u015f kat\u0131l\u0131ml\u0131 kongreler<\/strong> d\u00fczenlemi\u015f, gazeteler \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"160\">Derdini diplomasi yoluyla anlatmak i\u00e7in <strong>Paris Bar\u0131\u015f Konferans\u0131<\/strong>&#8216;na ve \u0130stanbul&#8217;daki \u0130tilaf Devletleri temsilcilerine raporlar\/heyetler g\u00f6ndermi\u015flerdir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"161\">\u00d6nce hukuki yollar\u0131 denemi\u015f, i\u015fgaller fiiliyata d\u00f6k\u00fcl\u00fcnce silahl\u0131 direni\u015fe (<strong>Kuvay\u0131milliye<\/strong>) ge\u00e7mi\u015flerdir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-dikkat-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"162\"><em>\u00d6nemli Not:<\/em> T\u00fcm bu b\u00f6lgesel cemiyetler, <strong>Sivas Kongresi<\/strong>&#8216;nde <strong>&#8220;Anadolu ve Rumeli M\u00fcdafaa-i Hukuk Cemiyeti&#8221;<\/strong> ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda tek bir \u00e7at\u0131da birle\u015ftirilmi\u015f ve direni\u015f tek merkezden (mill\u00eele\u015ferek) y\u00f6netilmeye ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><\/ul><\/section><section class=\"tk-kart\"><h2 id=\"tk-milli-mucadele-hazirlik-donemi\" data-tk-source=\"163\"><strong>M\u0130LL\u0130 M\u00dcCADELE HAZIRLIK D\u00d6NEM\u0130<\/strong><\/h2><p class=\"tk-paragraf\" data-tk-source=\"164\"><strong>Mustafa Kemal\u2019in Samsun\u2019a \u00c7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131<\/strong> (<strong>19 May\u0131s 1919<\/strong>)<\/p><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"165\"><strong>Mustafa Kemal<\/strong>, <strong>\u0130stanbul<\/strong>\u2019da bulundu\u011fu s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde devletin kurtulu\u015fu i\u00e7in \u00e7areler aram\u0131\u015f, ancak m\u00fccadelenin i\u015fgal alt\u0131ndaki <strong>\u0130stanbul<\/strong>\u2019dan ba\u015flat\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kavram\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"166\">Kurtulu\u015fun temel \u015fart\u0131: M\u00fccadele <strong>Anadolu<\/strong>\u2019dan ba\u015flat\u0131lmal\u0131 ve T\u00fcrk milletinin deste\u011fi al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"167\"><strong>Samsun<\/strong> ve \u00e7evresinde <strong>Pontus Rumlar\u0131<\/strong> ile T\u00fcrkler aras\u0131nda ya\u015fanan \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar \u00fczerine <strong>\u0130ngilizler<\/strong>, b\u00f6lgede asayi\u015fin sa\u011flanmas\u0131n\u0131 talep etmi\u015ftir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"168\">Bu geli\u015fme \u00fczerine <strong>Osmanl\u0131 H\u00fck\u00fbmeti<\/strong>, <strong>30 Nisan 1919<\/strong> tarihinde <strong>Mustafa Kemal<\/strong>\u2019i <strong>9. Ordu M\u00fcfetti\u015fli\u011fi<\/strong> g\u00f6revine getirmi\u015ftir. (Ek Bilgi: Bu makam daha sonra <strong>3. Ordu M\u00fcfetti\u015fli\u011fi<\/strong> ad\u0131n\u0131 alacakt\u0131r.)<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"169\"><strong>Mustafa Kemal Pa\u015fa<\/strong>&#8216;ya atand\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu g\u00f6revde, b\u00f6lgesindeki t\u00fcm askeri ve sivil makamlara emretme yetkisi verilmi\u015ftir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"170\"><strong>9. Ordu <\/strong><strong>M\u00fcfetti\u015fli\u011fi<\/strong>&#8216;nin Resmi G\u00f6revleri:<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"171\">B\u00f6lgede i\u00e7 g\u00fcvenli\u011fin sa\u011flanmas\u0131 ve bozulan asayi\u015fin sebeplerinin ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"172\">B\u00f6lgedeki silah ve cephanenin toplat\u0131larak muhafaza alt\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"173\">B\u00f6lgede yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 iddia edilen T\u00fcrk direni\u015f kuvvetlerinin (<strong>\u015euralar<\/strong>) da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"174\"><strong>Mustafa Kemal<\/strong>, <strong>19 May\u0131s 1919<\/strong> tarihinde <strong>Band\u0131rma Vapuru<\/strong> ile <strong>Samsun<\/strong>\u2019a ayak basm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"175\">Sonu\u00e7: Bu olay ile mill\u00ee bilincin uyand\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve <strong>Mill\u00ee M\u00fccadele<\/strong>\u2019nin fiilen ba\u015flat\u0131lmas\u0131 yolunda ilk ad\u0131m at\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><\/ul><p class=\"tk-paragraf\" data-tk-source=\"176\"><strong>Havza Genelgesi<\/strong> (<strong>28 May\u0131s 1919<\/strong>)<\/p><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"177\"><strong>Mustafa Kemal<\/strong>, <strong>Samsun<\/strong>\u2019daki tahkikatlar\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan <strong>25 May\u0131s 1919<\/strong>\u2019da <strong>Havza<\/strong>\u2019ya ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"178\">Burada, <strong>Mill\u00ee M\u00fccadele<\/strong>\u2019nin ilk ulusal bildirisi olan <strong>Havza Genelgesi<\/strong> yay\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (<strong>28 May\u0131s 1919<\/strong>).<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"179\">Temel Ama\u00e7: Halk\u0131 i\u015fgallere kar\u015f\u0131 bilin\u00e7lendirmek ve ulusal tepkiyi organize etmektir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"180\"><strong>Havza Genelgesi<\/strong>&#8216;nin Talepleri:<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"181\">Ba\u015fta <strong>\u0130zmir\u2019in \u0130\u015fgali<\/strong> olmak \u00fczere t\u00fcm i\u015fgallerin, yurdun her k\u00f6\u015fesinde d\u00fczenlenecek mitinglerle protesto edilmesi.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"182\">G\u00f6steriler s\u0131ras\u0131nda Hristiyan halka kar\u015f\u0131 kesinlikle ta\u015fk\u0131nl\u0131k, sald\u0131r\u0131 ve d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131k yap\u0131lmamas\u0131. (Sebep: <strong>Mondros Ate\u015fkes Antla\u015fmas\u0131<\/strong>&#8216;n\u0131n <strong>7. Maddesi<\/strong>&#8216;ne i\u015fgal i\u00e7in bahane vermemek.)<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"183\"><strong>\u0130stanbul H\u00fck\u00fbmeti<\/strong> ve b\u00fcy\u00fck devletlerin temsilciliklerine protesto telgraflar\u0131 \u00e7ekilmesi.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"184\">Asker\u00ee ve mill\u00ee te\u015fkilatlar\u0131n hi\u00e7bir \u015fekilde kapat\u0131lmamas\u0131, komutalar\u0131n devredilmemesi ve silahlar\u0131n kesinlikle teslim edilmemesi.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"185\">Sonu\u00e7 ve \u00d6nemi: T\u00fcrk halk\u0131 \u00fczerinde b\u00fcy\u00fck yank\u0131 uyand\u0131rm\u0131\u015f, yurdun bir\u00e7ok yerinde protesto mitingleri d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. T\u00fcrk milletinde mill\u00ee birlik, beraberlik ve savunma bilinci uyanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"186\">Geli\u015fme: Bu genelgeden sonra <strong>Mustafa Kemal<\/strong>, yetkilerini a\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 gerek\u00e7esiyle <strong>\u0130ngilizlerin<\/strong> bask\u0131s\u0131yla ilk kez <strong>\u0130stanbul<\/strong>&#8216;a geri \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><\/ul><p class=\"tk-paragraf\" data-tk-source=\"187\"><strong>Amasya Genelgesi<\/strong> (<strong>22 Haziran 1919<\/strong>)<\/p><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"188\"><strong>Havza<\/strong>\u2019dan <strong>Amasya<\/strong>\u2019ya ge\u00e7en <strong>Mustafa Kemal<\/strong>, <strong>Rauf Bey<\/strong> (<strong>Rauf Orbay<\/strong>), <strong>Ali Fuat Pa\u015fa<\/strong> (<strong>Ali Fuat Cebesoy<\/strong>) ve <strong>Refet Bey<\/strong> (<strong>Refet Bele<\/strong>) ile birlikte <strong>Amasya Genelgesi<\/strong>\u2019ni haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. (Ek Bilgi: Genelge ayr\u0131ca <strong>Erzurum<\/strong>&#8216;da bulunan <strong>Kaz\u0131m Karabekir<\/strong> ve <strong>Konya<\/strong>&#8216;da bulunan <strong>Cemal Pa\u015fa<\/strong> taraf\u0131ndan da telgrafla onaylanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.)<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"189\"><strong>Amasya Genelgesi<\/strong>&#8216;nin Kararlar\u0131:<\/li><\/ul><ol class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"190\"><strong>Vatan\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, milletin istikl\u00e2li tehlikededir.<\/strong> (Mill\u00ee M\u00fccadele&#8217;nin Gerek\u00e7esi)<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"191\"><strong>\u0130stanbul H\u00fck\u00fbmeti<\/strong>, \u00fczerine ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 sorumlulu\u011fu yerine getirememektedir. Bu h\u00e2l, milletimizi \u00e2deta yok olmu\u015f g\u00f6stermektedir. (Mill\u00ee M\u00fccadele&#8217;nin \u0130kinci Gerek\u00e7esi)<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"192\"><strong>Milletin istikl\u00e2lini, yine milletin azim ve karar\u0131 kurtaracakt\u0131r.<\/strong> (Mill\u00ee M\u00fccadele&#8217;nin Amac\u0131 ve Y\u00f6ntemi &#8211; \u0130lk kez \u00fcst\u00fc kapal\u0131 olarak Mill\u00ee Egemenlikten bahsedilmi\u015ftir.)<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"193\">Milletin haklar\u0131n\u0131 cihana i\u015fittirmek i\u00e7in her t\u00fcrl\u00fc denetimden uzak <strong>mill\u00ee bir heyetin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaruridir<\/strong>. (<strong>Temsil Heyeti<\/strong>&#8216;nin kurulma fikri ilk kez ortaya at\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.)<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"194\"><strong>Anadolu<\/strong>\u2019nun her bak\u0131mdan en g\u00fcvenli yeri olan <strong>Sivas<\/strong>\u2019ta ulusal bir kongre toplanacakt\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"195\">Bu kongre i\u00e7in her ilden milletin g\u00fcvenini kazanm\u0131\u015f \u00fc\u00e7 temsilci h\u0131zla yola \u00e7\u0131kmal\u0131d\u0131r. Temsilciler, <strong>M\u00fcdafaa-i Hukuk<\/strong>, <strong>Redd<\/strong><strong>-i \u0130lhak Cemiyetleri<\/strong> ve belediyeler taraf\u0131ndan se\u00e7ilecektir. (Ama\u00e7: Kararlar\u0131n halk\u0131n iradesine dayanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak.)<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"196\">Kongre meselesi mill\u00ee bir s\u0131r olarak tutulmal\u0131 ve delegeler kimliklerini gizleyerek seyahat etmelidir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"197\"><strong>Do\u011fu illeri<\/strong> i\u00e7in <strong>10 Temmuz<\/strong>\u2019da <strong>Erzurum<\/strong>\u2019da b\u00f6lgesel bir kongre toplanacakt\u0131r. <strong>Erzurum Kongresi<\/strong> delegeleri daha sonra <strong>Sivas Kongresi<\/strong>&#8216;ne kat\u0131lacakt\u0131r.<\/li><\/ol><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"198\"><strong>Amasya Genelgesi<\/strong>&#8216;nin \u00d6nemi:<\/li><\/ul><ol class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"199\"><strong>Mill\u00ee egemenli\u011fe<\/strong> dayal\u0131 yeni bir <strong>T\u00fcrk Devleti<\/strong>\u2019nin kurulmas\u0131 yolunda ilk ad\u0131md\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"200\"><strong>Mill\u00ee M\u00fccadele<\/strong>\u2019nin amac\u0131, y\u00f6ntemi ve gerek\u00e7esi belirlenmi\u015f, bir nevi devrim program\u0131 olu\u015fturulmu\u015ftur.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"201\"><strong>\u0130stanbul <\/strong><strong>H\u00fck\u00fbmeti<\/strong>\u2019ne ve i\u015fgallere kar\u015f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k bir ihtilal (ba\u015fkald\u0131r\u0131) \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li><\/ol><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"202\">Geli\u015fme: <strong>\u0130stanbul H\u00fck\u00fbmeti<\/strong>, yetkilerini a\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in <strong>Mustafa Kemal<\/strong>&#8216;i tekrar geri \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rm\u0131\u015f, d\u00f6nmeyince g\u00f6revinden alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunun \u00fczerine <strong>Mustafa Kemal<\/strong>, <strong>7-8 Temmuz 1919<\/strong> gecesi askerlik mesle\u011finden ve t\u00fcm resm\u00ee g\u00f6revlerinden istifa ederek &#8220;Sine-i Millete&#8221; (halk\u0131n aras\u0131na) d\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/li><\/ul><p class=\"tk-paragraf\" data-tk-source=\"203\"><strong>Erzurum Kongresi<\/strong> (<strong>23 Temmuz-7 A\u011fustos 1919<\/strong>)<\/p><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"204\"><strong>Mill\u00ee M\u00fccadele<\/strong>\u2019nin <strong>Anadolu<\/strong>&#8216;daki te\u015fkilatlanma a\u015famas\u0131n\u0131n ikinci ad\u0131m\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"205\">Kongreyi D\u00fczenleyenler: <strong>\u015eark Vilayetleri M\u00fcdafaa-i Hukuk Cemiyeti<\/strong> ve <strong>Trabzon Muhafaza-i Hukuk-\u0131 Milliye Cemiyeti<\/strong>.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"206\">Sivil bir vatanda\u015f olan <strong>Mustafa Kemal<\/strong>&#8216;e, <strong>15. Kolordu Komutan\u0131 Kaz\u0131m Karabekir<\/strong> &#8220;Ben ve kolordum emrinizdeyiz Pa\u015fam&#8221; diyerek en b\u00fcy\u00fck deste\u011fi vermi\u015ftir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"207\">Toplan\u0131\u015f amac\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan b\u00f6lgesel, al\u0131nan kararlar bak\u0131m\u0131ndan ulusal bir kongredir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"208\"><strong>Erzurum Kongresi<\/strong>&#8216;nin Kararlar\u0131:<\/li><\/ul><ol class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"209\"><strong>Mill\u00ee s\u0131n\u0131rlar i\u00e7inde vatan b\u00f6l\u00fcnmez bir b\u00fct\u00fcnd\u00fcr; par\u00e7alanamaz.<\/strong> (\u0130lk kez mill\u00ee s\u0131n\u0131rlardan bahsedilmi\u015ftir.)<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"210\">Her t\u00fcrl\u00fc yabanc\u0131 i\u015fgal ve m\u00fcdahalesine kar\u015f\u0131 millet topyek\u00fbn kendisini savunacak ve direnecektir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"211\"><strong>\u0130stanbul H\u00fck\u00fbmeti<\/strong> vatan\u0131 koruyamazsa, ge\u00e7ici bir h\u00fck\u00fbmet kurulacakt\u0131r. Bu h\u00fck\u00fbmetin \u00fcyeleri mill\u00ee kongrece se\u00e7ilecek, kongre toplanmam\u0131\u015fsa se\u00e7imi <strong>Temsil Heyeti<\/strong> yapacakt\u0131r. (\u0130lk kez yeni bir h\u00fck\u00fbmet kurma fikri.)<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"212\"><strong>Kuvay\u0131milliye&#8217;yi<\/strong><strong> tek kuvvet tan\u0131mak ve mill\u00ee iradeyi h\u00e2kim k\u0131lmak esast\u0131r.<\/strong><\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"213\">Hristiyan az\u0131nl\u0131klara siyas\u00ee h\u00e2kimiyetimizi ve sosyal dengemizi bozacak ayr\u0131cal\u0131klar verilemez.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"214\"><strong>Manda ve himaye kabul edilemez.<\/strong> (\u0130lk kez tam ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k vurgusu ile reddedilmi\u015ftir.)<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"215\"><strong>Mebusan Meclisi<\/strong>&#8216;nin derhal toplanmas\u0131 ve h\u00fck\u00fbmet i\u015flerinin meclis denetimine girmesi sa\u011flanacakt\u0131r.<\/li><\/ol><p class=\"tk-paragraf\" data-tk-source=\"216\"><strong>Sivas Kongresi<\/strong> (<strong>4-11 Eyl\u00fcl 1919<\/strong>)<\/p><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"217\">Kongreyi Engelleme Giri\u015fimleri: <strong>Frans\u0131z Binba\u015f\u0131 <\/strong><strong>Brunot<\/strong>, <strong>Sivas Valisi Re\u015fit Pa\u015fa<\/strong>&#8216;y\u0131 \u015fehri i\u015fgal etmekle tehdit etmi\u015f, ayr\u0131ca <strong>\u0130stanbul H\u00fck\u00fbmeti<\/strong>, <strong>Elaz\u0131\u011f<\/strong><strong> Valisi Ali Galip<\/strong>&#8216;i ve <strong>Ankara Valisi Muhittin Pa\u015fa<\/strong>&#8216;y\u0131 kongreyi bas\u0131p da\u011f\u0131tmakla g\u00f6revlendirmi\u015ftir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"218\">T\u00fcm engellemelere ra\u011fmen kongre <strong>4 Eyl\u00fcl 1919<\/strong>\u2019da toplanm\u0131\u015f ve ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na <strong>Mustafa Kemal Pa\u015fa<\/strong> se\u00e7ilmi\u015ftir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"219\">Toplan\u0131\u015f \u015fekli ve ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararlar bak\u0131m\u0131ndan tamamen ulusal bir kongredir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"220\"><strong>Sivas Kongresi<\/strong> Kararlar\u0131:<\/li><\/ul><ol class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"221\"><strong>Erzurum Kongresi<\/strong>&#8216;nde al\u0131nan kararlar aynen kabul edilmi\u015ftir. (Vatan\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc maddesi teyit edilmi\u015ftir.)<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"222\"><strong>Manda ve himaye kesin olarak bir daha g\u00fcndeme gelmemek \u00fczere reddedilmi\u015ftir.<\/strong> (Tam ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k.)<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"223\">T\u00fcm yararl\u0131 cemiyetler <strong>Anadolu ve Rumeli M\u00fcdafaa-i Hukuk Cemiyeti<\/strong> ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda tek bir \u00e7at\u0131da birle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. (Ama\u00e7: Mill\u00ee M\u00fccadele&#8217;yi tek elden y\u00f6netmek.)<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"224\">Genel te\u015fkilat\u0131 idare etmek i\u00e7in <strong>Erzurum<\/strong>&#8216;da kurulan <strong>Temsil Heyeti<\/strong>&#8216;nin \u00fcye say\u0131s\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve &#8220;T\u00fcm yurdu temsil eder&#8221; karar\u0131 al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"225\"><strong>Temsil Heyeti<\/strong>, <strong>Ali Fuat Pa\u015fa<\/strong>&#8216;y\u0131 <strong>Bat\u0131 Cephesi Komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/strong>&#8216;na atam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. (Ek Bilgi: Temsil Heyeti&#8217;nin bir h\u00fck\u00fbmet gibi &#8220;y\u00fcr\u00fctme&#8221; yetkisini kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ilk kan\u0131t\u0131d\u0131r.)<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"226\">Mill\u00ee M\u00fccadele&#8217;nin sesini halka ve d\u00fcnyaya duyurmak i\u00e7in <strong>\u0130rade-i Milliye<\/strong> ad\u0131yla bir gazete \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><\/ol><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"227\">Sonu\u00e7: <strong>Mustafa Kemal<\/strong>, kongre sonras\u0131 <strong>\u0130stanbul<\/strong> ile t\u00fcm haberle\u015fmeyi kesmi\u015f, bu bask\u0131 sonucunda <strong>Damat Ferit Pa\u015fa H\u00fck\u00fbmeti<\/strong> istifa etmek zorunda kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu durum <strong>Temsil Heyeti<\/strong>&#8216;nin <strong>\u0130stanbul<\/strong>&#8216;a kar\u015f\u0131 kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilk siyasi ba\u015far\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li><\/ul><p class=\"tk-paragraf\" data-tk-source=\"228\"><strong>Amasya G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeleri<\/strong> (<strong>20-22 Ekim 1919<\/strong>)<\/p><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"229\"><strong>Damat Ferit Pa\u015fa <\/strong><strong>H\u00fck\u00fbmeti<\/strong>&#8216;nin istifas\u0131 \u00fczerine, Mill\u00ee M\u00fccadele&#8217;ye daha \u0131l\u0131ml\u0131 yakla\u015fan <strong>Ali R\u0131za Pa\u015fa H\u00fck\u00fbmeti<\/strong> kurulmu\u015ftur.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"230\">Taraflar: <strong>\u0130stanbul H\u00fck\u00fbmeti<\/strong> ad\u0131na <strong>Bahriye Naz\u0131r\u0131 Salih Pa\u015fa<\/strong> ile <strong>Temsil Heyeti<\/strong> ad\u0131na <strong>Mustafa Kemal Pa\u015fa<\/strong> <strong>Amasya<\/strong>&#8216;da bir araya gelmi\u015ftir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"231\"><strong>Amasya <\/strong><strong>G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeleri<\/strong>&#8216;nde Al\u0131nan Kararlar:<\/li><\/ul><ol class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"232\">T\u00fcrk s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde, devletin ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 zedeleyecek yabanc\u0131 kapit\u00fclasyon ve ayr\u0131cal\u0131klar kesinlikle reddedilecektir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"233\"><strong>Anadolu ve Rumeli M\u00fcdafaa-i Hukuk Cemiyeti<\/strong>, <strong>\u0130stanbul H\u00fck\u00fbmeti<\/strong> taraf\u0131ndan resmi ve hukuki bir kurum olarak tan\u0131nacakt\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"234\"><strong>\u0130tilaf Devletleri<\/strong> ile yap\u0131lacak bar\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerine <strong>Temsil Heyeti<\/strong>\u2019nin de uygun g\u00f6rece\u011fi temsilciler kat\u0131lacakt\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"235\"><strong>Mebusan Meclisi<\/strong>&#8216;nin <strong>\u0130stanbul<\/strong> d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, g\u00fcvenli bir Anadolu \u015fehrinde toplanmas\u0131 sa\u011flanacakt\u0131r. (Salih Pa\u015fa bu karar\u0131 \u015fahsen kabul etse de \u0130stanbul&#8217;da kabul ettirememi\u015ftir, meclis \u0130stanbul&#8217;da a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.)<\/li><\/ol><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"236\">\u00d6nemi: <strong>\u0130stanbul H\u00fck\u00fbmeti<\/strong>, <strong>Temsil Heyeti<\/strong>&#8216;nin ve Mill\u00ee M\u00fccadele&#8217;nin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hukuken ve resmen ilk kez tan\u0131m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><\/ul><p class=\"tk-paragraf\" data-tk-source=\"237\"><strong>Temsil Heyeti\u2019nin Ankara\u2019ya Geli\u015fi<\/strong> (<strong>27 Aral\u0131k 1919<\/strong>)<\/p><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"238\">\u00dclke genelinde yap\u0131lan se\u00e7imlerde <strong>Mustafa Kemal<\/strong>, <strong>Erzurum<\/strong>&#8216;dan milletvekili se\u00e7ilmi\u015ftir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"239\"><strong>Temsil Heyeti<\/strong> \u00fcyeleri ve komutanlarla <strong>Sivas<\/strong>\u2019ta yap\u0131lan toplant\u0131 sonucunda, m\u00fccadelenin merkezinin <strong>Ankara<\/strong> olmas\u0131 kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"240\"><strong>Ankara<\/strong>\u2019n\u0131n Merkez Se\u00e7ilmesinin Nedenleri:<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"241\"><strong>Bat\u0131 Cephesi<\/strong>&#8216;ne ve sava\u015f alanlar\u0131na yak\u0131n olmas\u0131.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"242\">\u0130\u015fgal edilmemi\u015f ve g\u00fcvenli bir konumda bulunmas\u0131.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"243\"><strong>\u0130stanbul<\/strong>\u2019da a\u00e7\u0131lacak olan <strong>Mebusan Meclisi<\/strong> \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n co\u011frafi yak\u0131nl\u0131k sebebiyle daha kolay takip edilebilmesi.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"244\">Demiryolu a\u011f\u0131n\u0131n <strong>Ankara<\/strong>&#8216;ya kadar ula\u015fmas\u0131 ve telgraf hatlar\u0131yla haberle\u015fme imk\u00e2nlar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc olmas\u0131.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"245\"><strong>Ankara<\/strong> halk\u0131n\u0131n (<strong>Se\u011fmenler<\/strong>) Mill\u00ee M\u00fccadele&#8217;yi y\u00fcrekten desteklemesi.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"246\"><strong>27 Aral\u0131k 1919<\/strong>&#8216;da <strong>Ankara<\/strong>&#8216;ya gelinmi\u015f, halk\u0131 do\u011fru bilgilendirmek i\u00e7in <strong>H\u00e2kimiyet-i Milliye<\/strong> gazetesi \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve <strong>6 Nisan 1920<\/strong>&#8216;de <strong>Yunus Nadi<\/strong> ile <strong>Halide Edip Ad\u0131var<\/strong>&#8216;\u0131n katk\u0131lar\u0131yla <strong>Anadolu Ajans\u0131<\/strong> kurulmu\u015ftur.<\/li><\/ul><h3 id=\"tk-misak-i-milli-kararlari-kabulu-28-ocak-1920-ilani-17-subat-1920\" data-tk-source=\"247\"><strong>Misak-\u0131 Milli Kararlar\u0131<\/strong> (<strong>Kabul\u00fc: 28 Ocak 1920 \/ \u0130lan\u0131: 17 \u015eubat 1920<\/strong>)<\/h3><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"248\"><strong>12 Ocak 1920<\/strong>\u2019de <strong>\u0130stanbul<\/strong>\u2019da toplanan <strong>Son Osmanl\u0131 Mebusan Meclisi<\/strong>&#8216;nde <strong>Misak-\u0131 Milli<\/strong> (Milli Ant) kararlar\u0131 kabul edilmi\u015ftir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"249\"><strong>Misak-\u0131 Milli<\/strong> Maddeleri (\u015eifre: KABBAR &#8211; Kapit\u00fclasyonlar, Az\u0131nl\u0131klar, Bo\u011fazlar, Bor\u00e7lar, Araplar, Referandum):<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"250\"><strong>S\u0131n\u0131rlar:<\/strong> <strong>Mondros Ate\u015fkes Antla\u015fmas\u0131<\/strong> imzaland\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131rada i\u015fgal alt\u0131nda olmayan, T\u00fcrk ve \u0130slam \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funun ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 topraklar b\u00f6l\u00fcnmez bir b\u00fct\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"251\"><strong>Halk Oylamas\u0131 (Referandum):<\/strong> Kendi istekleriyle anavatana kat\u0131lan <strong>Kars, Ardahan, Batum<\/strong> (<strong>Elviye<\/strong><strong>-i <\/strong><strong>Selase<\/strong>), <strong>Bat\u0131 Trakya<\/strong> ve Arap topraklar\u0131n\u0131n gelece\u011fi i\u00e7in gerekirse halk oylamas\u0131na ba\u015fvurulacakt\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"252\"><strong>Az\u0131nl\u0131klar:<\/strong> Az\u0131nl\u0131klara verilecek haklar, kom\u015fu \u00fclkelerdeki M\u00fcsl\u00fcman T\u00fcrklere verilen haklar kadar olacakt\u0131r. (Uluslararas\u0131 e\u015fitlik ilkesi.)<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"253\"><strong>Kapit\u00fclasyonlar:<\/strong> Siyasi, adli ve mali geli\u015fmemizi engelleyen her t\u00fcrl\u00fc s\u0131n\u0131rlama (kapit\u00fclasyonlar) kesin olarak kald\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"254\"><strong>Bo\u011fazlar:<\/strong> <strong>\u0130stanbul<\/strong> ve <strong>Marmara<\/strong>&#8216;n\u0131n g\u00fcvenli\u011fi sa\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131 takdirde, <strong>Bo\u011fazlar<\/strong> d\u00fcnya ticaretine a\u00e7\u0131labilecektir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"255\"><strong>Misak-\u0131 <\/strong><strong>Milli<\/strong>&#8216;nin \u00d6nemi:<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"256\">Mill\u00ee ve b\u00f6l\u00fcnmez s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n (vatan\u0131n) ne anlama geldi\u011fi kesin olarak \u00e7izilmi\u015ftir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"257\">Siyas\u00ee, asker\u00ee ve ekonomik y\u00f6nden tam ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k talebi t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyaya ilan edilmi\u015ftir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"258\"><strong>Erzurum<\/strong> ve <strong>Sivas Kongreleri<\/strong> kararlar\u0131 Osmanl\u0131 parlamentosu taraf\u0131ndan yasalla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><\/ul><p class=\"tk-paragraf\" data-tk-source=\"259\"><strong>\u0130stanbul\u2019un \u0130\u015fgali<\/strong> (<strong>16 Mart 1920<\/strong>)<\/p><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"260\"><strong>\u0130tilaf Devletleri<\/strong>, <strong>Misak-\u0131 Milli<\/strong> kararlar\u0131n\u0131n geri al\u0131nmas\u0131 i\u00e7in <strong>\u0130stanbul H\u00fck\u00fbmetlerine<\/strong> bask\u0131 yapm\u0131\u015f, sonu\u00e7 alamay\u0131nca <strong>16 Mart 1920<\/strong>&#8216;de <strong>\u0130stanbul<\/strong>&#8216;u resmen i\u015fgal etmi\u015ftir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"261\"><strong>Mebusan Meclisi<\/strong> bas\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, milletvekilleri tutuklanarak <strong>Malta<\/strong>\u2019ya s\u00fcrg\u00fcne g\u00f6nderilmi\u015ftir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"262\">\u00d6nemi:<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"263\"><strong>Mustafa Kemal<\/strong>&#8216;in, meclisin <strong>\u0130stanbul<\/strong>&#8216;da toplanmamas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcs\u00fc ve hakl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 kan\u0131tlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"264\"><strong>Osmanl\u0131 Devleti<\/strong>&#8216;nin yasama organ\u0131 yok edildi\u011fi i\u00e7in, <strong>Ankara<\/strong>&#8216;da <strong>TBMM<\/strong>&#8216;nin a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131na me\u015fru bir zemin olu\u015fmu\u015ftur.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"265\"><strong>Mustafa Kemal<\/strong>&#8216;in \u0130\u015fgale Kar\u015f\u0131 Ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 Tedbirler:<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"266\"><strong>\u0130stanbul<\/strong> ile t\u00fcm haberle\u015fme derhal kesilmi\u015ftir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"267\"><strong>\u0130stanbul<\/strong>&#8216;daki tutuklamalara misilleme olarak <strong>Anadolu<\/strong>&#8216;daki \u0130tilaf subaylar\u0131 tutuklanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"268\">\u0130\u015fgalcilerin <strong>Anadolu<\/strong>&#8216;ya asker sevkiyat\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in <strong>Geyve<\/strong> ve <strong>Uluk\u0131\u015fla<\/strong> demiryollar\u0131 tahrip edilmi\u015ftir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"269\">Anadolu&#8217;dan <strong>\u0130stanbul<\/strong>&#8216;a vergi ve k\u0131ymetli evrak g\u00f6nderilmesi yasaklanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><\/ul><\/section><section class=\"tk-kart\"><h2 id=\"tk-i-tbmm-donemi\" data-tk-source=\"270\"><strong>I. TBMM D\u00d6NEM\u0130<\/strong><\/h2><p class=\"tk-paragraf\" data-tk-source=\"271\"><strong>B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisinin A\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131<\/strong> (<strong>23 Nisan 1920<\/strong>)<\/p><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"272\"><strong>Mebusan Meclisi<\/strong>&#8216;nin da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00fczerine <strong>Mustafa Kemal<\/strong>, ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc yetkilere sahip bir meclisin <strong>Ankara<\/strong>&#8216;da toplanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in genelge yay\u0131mlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"273\"><strong>\u0130stanbul<\/strong>&#8216;dan ka\u00e7abilen milletvekilleri ve yeni se\u00e7ilen mebuslar\u0131n kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131yla <strong>23 Nisan 1920<\/strong>\u2019de <strong>B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisi<\/strong> a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"274\"><strong>24 Nisan 1920 \u00d6nergesi<\/strong> (<strong>Mustafa Kemal<\/strong>&#8216;in sundu\u011fu ve kabul edilen \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ilkeleri):<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"275\">H\u00fck\u00fbmet kurmak kesinlikle zorunludur. (Kurucu Meclis \u00f6zelli\u011fi.)<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"276\">Ge\u00e7ici bir h\u00fck\u00fbmet ba\u015fkan\u0131 tan\u0131mak veya padi\u015fah vekili atamak do\u011fru de\u011fildir. (Meclisin ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve s\u00fcreklili\u011fi vurgulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.)<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"277\"><strong>B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisi<\/strong>&#8216;nin \u00fcst\u00fcnde hi\u00e7bir kuvvet yoktur. (\u0130stanbul H\u00fck\u00fbmeti ve Saltanat yok say\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.)<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"278\">Meclis, yasama ve y\u00fcr\u00fctme yetkilerini kendisinde toplam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. (G\u00fc\u00e7ler Birli\u011fi ilkesi &#8211; Sava\u015f d\u00f6neminde h\u0131zl\u0131 karar almak i\u00e7in.)<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"279\">Meclis i\u00e7inden se\u00e7ilecek bir heyet h\u00fck\u00fbmet i\u015flerine bakar. Meclis ba\u015fkan\u0131 bu h\u00fck\u00fbmetin de ba\u015fkan\u0131d\u0131r. (<strong>Meclis H\u00fck\u00fbmeti Sistemi<\/strong>.)<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"280\">Padi\u015fah ve halifenin durumu, bask\u0131lardan kurtulduktan sonra meclisin \u00e7\u0131karaca\u011f\u0131 kanunla belirlenecektir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"281\"><strong>I. TBMM<\/strong>&#8216;nin \u00d6zellikleri: Kurucu meclistir, demokratiktir, sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131 bir meclistir, ihtilalcidir, g\u00fc\u00e7ler birli\u011fini benimsemi\u015ftir. \u0130lk \u00f6nceli\u011fi ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sa\u011flamak oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in siyasi partilere yer verilmemi\u015f, gruplar halinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><\/ul><h3 id=\"tk-buyuk-millet-meclisine-karsi-isyanlar-ve-alinan-tedbirler\" data-tk-source=\"282\"><strong>B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisine Kar\u015f\u0131 \u0130syanlar ve Al\u0131nan Tedbirler<\/strong><\/h3><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"283\">\u0130syanlar\u0131n Nedenleri: <strong>\u0130tilaf Devletleri<\/strong> ve <strong>\u0130stanbul <\/strong><strong>H\u00fck\u00fbmeti<\/strong>&#8216;nin k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtmalar\u0131, <strong>\u015eeyh\u00fclislam <\/strong><strong>D\u00fcrrizade<\/strong><strong> Abdullah Efendi<\/strong>&#8216;nin fetvas\u0131, baz\u0131 Kuva-y\u0131 Milliye liderlerinin d\u00fczenli orduya kat\u0131lmak istememesi ve az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131n devlet kurma hayalleri.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"284\"><strong>\u0130syanlar\u0131n S\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131:<\/strong><\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"285\"><strong>Do\u011frudan \u0130stanbul H\u00fck\u00fbmeti Taraf\u0131ndan \u00c7\u0131kar\u0131lanlar:<\/strong> <strong>Ahmet Anzavur \u0130syan\u0131<\/strong>, <strong>Kuv\u00e2-y\u0131<\/strong><strong> \u0130nzibatiye<\/strong> (<strong>Halifelik Ordusu<\/strong>).<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"286\"><strong>\u0130stanbul H\u00fck\u00fbmeti ve \u0130tilaf Devletlerinin Ortak \u00c7\u0131kard\u0131klar\u0131:<\/strong> <strong>Bolu, D\u00fczce, Hendek, Adapazar\u0131 \u0130syanlar\u0131<\/strong>, <strong>\u00c7apano\u011flu<\/strong> (Yozgat), <strong>Milli A\u015firet<\/strong> (Urfa), <strong>\u00c7opur Musa<\/strong> (Afyon), <strong>Ko\u00e7giri<\/strong> (Erzincan\/Sivas), <strong>Cemil <\/strong><strong>\u00c7eto<\/strong> (Batman), <strong>Ali Bat\u0131<\/strong> (Mardin), <strong>Deliba\u015f Mehmet<\/strong> (Konya).<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"287\"><strong>Kuv\u00e2-y\u0131<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>Milliyeci<\/strong><strong> Olup Sonradan \u0130syan Edenler:<\/strong> <strong>\u00c7erkez Ethem \u0130syan\u0131<\/strong>, <strong>Demirci Mehmet Efe \u0130syan\u0131<\/strong>.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"288\"><strong>Az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131n \u00c7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u0130syanlar:<\/strong> <strong>Ermeni<\/strong> ve <strong>Rum<\/strong> (<strong>Pontus<\/strong>) \u0130syanlar\u0131.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"289\"><strong>TBMM&#8217;nin \u0130syanlara Kar\u015f\u0131 Ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 Tedbirler:<\/strong><\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"290\"><strong>H\u0131yanet-i Vataniye Kanunu<\/strong> (<strong>Vatana \u0130hanet <\/strong><strong>Kanunu<\/strong> &#8211; <strong>29 Nisan 1920<\/strong>) \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131larak isyanc\u0131lar vatan haini ilan edildi.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"291\"><strong>11 Eyl\u00fcl 1920<\/strong>&#8216;de <strong>\u0130stiklal Mahkemeleri<\/strong> kurularak isyanc\u0131lar h\u0131zl\u0131 ve sert bir \u015fekilde yarg\u0131land\u0131.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"292\"><strong>Ankara M\u00fcft\u00fcs\u00fc R\u0131fat Efendi<\/strong> (<strong>R\u0131fat B\u00f6rek\u00e7i<\/strong>) \u00f6nderli\u011finde 153 m\u00fcft\u00fcn\u00fcn imzas\u0131yla Mill\u00ee M\u00fccadele&#8217;yi destekleyen kar\u015f\u0131 fetva yay\u0131mland\u0131.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"293\">Halk\u0131 do\u011fru bilgilendirmek i\u00e7in <strong>Anadolu Ajans\u0131<\/strong> ve <strong>H\u00e2kimiyet-i Milliye<\/strong> aktif kullan\u0131ld\u0131.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"294\">Asker\u00ee tedbir olarak mevcut Kuvay\u0131milliye birlikleri ve daha sonra kurulan d\u00fczenli ordu isyanc\u0131lar\u0131n \u00fczerine g\u00f6nderildi.<\/li><\/ul><p class=\"tk-paragraf\" data-tk-source=\"295\"><strong>Sevr Bar\u0131\u015f Antla\u015fmas\u0131<\/strong> (<strong>10 A\u011fustos 1920<\/strong>)<\/p><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"296\"><strong>I. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131<\/strong> sonras\u0131 <strong>Osmanl\u0131 Devleti<\/strong> ile yap\u0131lacak bar\u0131\u015f antla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n tasla\u011f\u0131 <strong>\u0130talya<\/strong>&#8216;daki <strong>San Remo Konferans\u0131<\/strong>&#8216;nda (<strong>18-26 Nisan 1920<\/strong>) belirlenmi\u015ftir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"297\">A\u011f\u0131r \u015fartlar i\u00e7eren bu taslak, <strong>\u0130stanbul<\/strong>&#8216;da toplanan <strong>Saltanat \u015euras\u0131<\/strong> taraf\u0131ndan kabul edilmi\u015f ve <strong>Paris<\/strong>&#8216;te <strong>Sevr Antla\u015fmas\u0131<\/strong> imzalanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"298\">Maddelerinden Baz\u0131lar\u0131:<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"299\"><strong>Do\u011fu Trakya<\/strong> ve <strong>Bat\u0131 Anadolu<\/strong> <strong>Yunanistan<\/strong>&#8216;a, <strong>Arap topraklar\u0131<\/strong> \u0130ngiliz ve Frans\u0131z mandas\u0131na verilecektir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"300\"><strong>Do\u011fu Anadolu<\/strong>&#8216;da ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir Ermeni devleti ve K\u00fcrt devleti kurulacakt\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"301\"><strong>Bo\u011fazlar<\/strong>, i\u00e7inde T\u00fcrk bulunmayan uluslararas\u0131 bir komisyon taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6netilecektir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"302\">Ordunun mevcudu 50.700 ki\u015fiyle s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lacak, a\u011f\u0131r silahlar bulunmayacakt\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"303\"><strong>Kapit\u00fclasyonlar<\/strong> en geni\u015f haliyle t\u00fcm devletlere a\u00e7\u0131lacakt\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"304\"><strong>Sevr Antla\u015fmas\u0131<\/strong>&#8216;n\u0131n Hukuki Durumu ve \u00d6nemi:<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"305\"><strong>Osmanl\u0131 Anayasas\u0131<\/strong>&#8216;na (Kanun-\u0131 Esasi) g\u00f6re bir antla\u015fman\u0131n ge\u00e7erli olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in meclis onay\u0131 gerekmektedir. Ancak <strong>Mebusan Meclisi<\/strong> kapal\u0131 oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in <strong>Sevr<\/strong> hi\u00e7bir zaman meclis onay\u0131ndan ge\u00e7memi\u015ftir. Bu sebeple hukuken \u00d6l\u00fc Do\u011fmu\u015f Bir Antla\u015fma\u2019d\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"306\"><strong>TBMM<\/strong>, antla\u015fmay\u0131 kesinlikle tan\u0131mad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ilan etmi\u015f ve imzalayanlar\u0131 vatan haini saym\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"307\"><strong>T\u00fcrk Milleti<\/strong>&#8216;nin azimli direni\u015fi ve <strong>Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131<\/strong>&#8216;n\u0131n kazan\u0131lmas\u0131yla <strong>Sevr<\/strong> y\u0131rt\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, yerine <strong>Lozan Bar\u0131\u015f Antla\u015fmas\u0131<\/strong> imzalanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><\/ul><p class=\"tk-paragraf\" data-tk-source=\"308\">&#8220;Bu ders notlar\u0131n\u0131n her hakk\u0131 sakl\u0131d\u0131r. Hangi ama\u00e7la olursa olsun, ders notlar\u0131n\u0131n tamam\u0131n\u0131n veya bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n <strong>www.tarihkursu.com<\/strong><strong> <\/strong>sitesinin yaz\u0131l\u0131 izni olmadan sosyal medyada ve internet ortam\u0131nda payla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131, kopya edilmesi, foto\u011fraf\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ekilmesi, herhangi bir yolla \u00e7o\u011falt\u0131lmas\u0131, yay\u0131mlanmas\u0131 ya da kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 yasakt\u0131r. 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