{"id":3436,"date":"2026-08-01T13:08:23","date_gmt":"2026-08-01T10:08:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/?p=3436"},"modified":"2026-08-01T13:08:25","modified_gmt":"2026-08-01T10:08:25","slug":"kurtulus-savasi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/index.php\/2026\/08\/01\/kurtulus-savasi\/","title":{"rendered":"Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131 Cepheleri KPSS Tarih Ders Notlar\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131 Cepheleri ders notu; Mill\u00ee M\u00fccadele\u2019de Do\u011fu, G\u00fcney ve Bat\u0131 cepheleri, G\u00fcmr\u00fc Antla\u015fmas\u0131, Mara\u015f, Urfa ve Antep savunmalar\u0131, d\u00fczenli ordunun kurulmas\u0131, I. \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc Muharebesi ve sonras\u0131nda ya\u015fanan geli\u015fmeleri kapsar. <strong>KPSS tarih <\/strong>s\u0131nav\u0131na haz\u0131rlananlar i\u00e7in d\u00fczenlenen bu <strong>KPSS tarih ders notlar\u0131<\/strong>, kpss tarih konular\u0131n\u0131 h\u0131zl\u0131ca tekrar etmenize yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur. Online KPSS tarih notlar\u0131 sayesinde , <strong>MEB AGS ,\u00d6ABT, KPSS ve EKPSS<\/strong> s\u0131navlar\u0131nda ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olacaks\u0131n\u0131z. Bu <strong>KPSS tarih konu anlat\u0131m <\/strong>notlar\u0131 d\u00fczenli <strong>KPSS \u00f6zet ders notlar\u0131 <\/strong>arayan \u00f6\u011frenciler i\u00e7in kullan\u0131\u015fl\u0131 bir kaynakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<style>\n.tk-ders-notu{--tk-lacivert:#12355b;--tk-turkuaz:#087f8c;--tk-bordo:#8b1e3f;--tk-altin:#d69e2e;--tk-acik-mavi:#eef6ff;--tk-acik-turkuaz:#ecfbfa;--tk-acik-sari:#fff8dc;--tk-metin:#243447;--tk-cizgi:#c8d7e6;position:relative;width:100%;max-width:1100px;min-width:0;margin:0 auto;padding:clamp(12px,2.4vw,28px);box-sizing:border-box;color:var(--tk-metin);font:400 17px\/1.72 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,\"Segoe UI\",Arial,sans-serif;overflow-wrap:anywhere;word-wrap:break-word;hyphens:auto;background:#f7fafc;border-radius:18px}\n.tk-ders-notu *,.tk-ders-notu *::before,.tk-ders-notu *::after{box-sizing:border-box;min-width:0}\n.tk-ders-notu 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(max-width:375px){\n.tk-ders-notu{font-size:15.5px}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-dugme{width:100%;text-align:center}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-tablo th,.tk-ders-notu .tk-tablo td{padding:9px 6px;font-size:15px}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-tablo.tk-cok-sutun td{grid-template-columns:minmax(82px,34%) minmax(0,1fr);gap:8px}\n}\n@media print{\n.tk-ders-notu{max-width:none;margin:0;padding:0;background:#fff;color:#000;font-size:11pt;box-shadow:none}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-ilerleme,.tk-ders-notu .tk-kontroller,.tk-ders-notu .tk-basa-don{display:none!important}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-ust{padding:0 0 14pt;background:#fff!important;color:#000;box-shadow:none}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-ana-baslik{color:#000;border-bottom:2pt solid #000}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-icindekiler{border:1pt solid #777;background:#fff;color:#000}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-icindekiler-listesi a{color:#000}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-kart{break-inside:auto;margin:0 0 14pt;padding:0;border:0;box-shadow:none}\n.tk-ders-notu h2,.tk-ders-notu h3{break-after:avoid;color:#000}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-tablo{break-inside:auto}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-tablo tr{break-inside:avoid}\n.tk-ders-notu a{text-decoration:none;color:#000}\n}\n<\/style>\n<article class=\"tk-ders-notu\" id=\"tk-ders-kurtulus-savasi-savaslar-donemi\" lang=\"tr\" data-tk-ready=\"false\"><div class=\"tk-ilerleme\" role=\"progressbar\" aria-label=\"Okuma ilerlemesi\" aria-valuemin=\"0\" aria-valuemax=\"100\" aria-valuenow=\"0\"><span class=\"tk-ilerleme-cubugu\"><\/span><\/div><header class=\"tk-ust\" id=\"tk-ders-baslangici\"><p class=\"tk-ana-baslik\" data-tk-source=\"1\"><strong>KURTULU\u015e SAVA\u015eI <\/strong><strong>SAVA\u015eLAR<\/strong><strong> D\u00d6NEM\u0130<\/strong><\/p><div class=\"tk-kontroller\"><button class=\"tk-dugme tk-yazdir\" type=\"button\" aria-label=\"Ders notunu yazd\u0131r\">Yazd\u0131r<\/button><button class=\"tk-dugme tk-ice-git\" type=\"button\" aria-label=\"\u0130\u00e7indekiler b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne git\">\u0130\u00e7indekilere Git<\/button><\/div><nav class=\"tk-icindekiler\" id=\"tk-icindekiler-kurtulus-savasi-savaslar-donemi\" aria-label=\"Ders notu i\u00e7indekiler\"><p class=\"tk-icindekiler-baslik\">\u0130\u00e7indekiler<\/p><ul class=\"tk-icindekiler-listesi\"><li class=\"tk-ana-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-milli-mucadele-de-dogu-cephesi\">M\u0130LL\u00ce M\u00dcCADELE\u2019DE DO\u011eU CEPHES\u0130<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-alt-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-gumru-antlasmasi-nin-onemi-yks-kpss-vurgusu\">G\u00fcmr\u00fc Antla\u015fmas\u0131&#x27;n\u0131n \u00d6nemi (YKS\/KPSS Vurgusu):<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-ana-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-milli-mucadele-de-guney-cephesi\">M\u0130LL\u00ce M\u00dcCADELE\u2019DE G\u00dcNEY CEPHES\u0130<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-alt-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-maras-savunmasi\">Mara\u015f Savunmas\u0131<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-alt-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-urfa-nin-kurtulusu\">Urfa&#x27;n\u0131n Kurtulu\u015fu<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-alt-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-antep-savunmasi\">Antep Savunmas\u0131<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-alt-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-italyanlarin-durumu\">\u0130talyanlar\u0131n Durumu<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-ana-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-milli-mucadele-de-bati-cephesi\">M\u0130LL\u00ce M\u00dcCADELE\u2019DE BATI CEPHES\u0130<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-alt-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-duzenli-ordunun-kurulmasi\">D\u00fczenli Ordunun Kurulmas\u0131<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-alt-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-i-inonu-muharebesi-6-10-ocak-1921\">I. \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc Muharebesi (6-10 Ocak 1921)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-alt-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-i-inonu-savasi-ndan-sonra-yasanan-gelismeler-milat-sifresiyle\">I. \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019ndan Sonra Ya\u015fanan Geli\u015fmeler (M\u0130LAT \u015eifresiyle):<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-alt-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-teskilat-i-esasiye-kanunu-1921-anayasasi-20-ocak-1921\">Te\u015fkilat-\u0131 Esasiye Kanunu [1921 Anayasas\u0131] (20 Ocak 1921)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-alt-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-istiklal-marsi-nin-kabulu-12-mart-1921\">\u0130stiklal Mar\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Kabul\u00fc (12 Mart 1921)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-alt-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-londra-konferansi-21-subat-12-mart-1921\">Londra Konferans\u0131 (21 \u015eubat &#8211; 12 Mart 1921)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-alt-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-turk-afgan-dostluk-antlasmasi-1-mart-1921\">T\u00fcrk-Afgan Dostluk Antla\u015fmas\u0131 (1 Mart 1921)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-alt-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-moskova-antlasmasi-16-mart-1921\">Moskova Antla\u015fmas\u0131 (16 Mart 1921)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-alt-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-ii-inonu-muharebesi-23-mart-1-nisan-1921\">II. \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc Muharebesi (23 Mart &#8211; 1 Nisan 1921)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-alt-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-kutahya-eskisehir-muharebeleri-10-24-temmuz-1921\">K\u00fctahya-Eski\u015fehir Muharebeleri (10-24 Temmuz 1921)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-alt-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-maarif-egitim-kongresi-16-21-temmuz-1921\">Maarif (E\u011fitim) Kongresi (16-21 Temmuz 1921)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-alt-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-tekalif-i-milliye-milli-yukumlulukler-emirleri-7-8-agustos-1921\">Tek\u00e2lif-i Mill\u00eeye (Mill\u00ee Y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckler) Emirleri (7-8 A\u011fustos 1921)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-alt-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-sakarya-meydan-savasi-23-agustos-13-eylul-1921\">Sakarya Meydan Sava\u015f\u0131 (23 A\u011fustos &#8211; 13 Eyl\u00fcl 1921)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-alt-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-kars-antlasmasi-13-ekim-1921\">Kars Antla\u015fmas\u0131 (13 Ekim 1921)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-alt-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-ankara-antlasmasi-20-ekim-1921\">Ankara Antla\u015fmas\u0131 (20 Ekim 1921)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-alt-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-buyuk-taarruz-26-agustos-1922-ve-baskomutanlik-meydan-savasi-30-agusto\">B\u00fcy\u00fck Taarruz (26 A\u011fustos 1922) ve Ba\u015fkomutanl\u0131k Meydan Sava\u015f\u0131 (30 A\u011fustos 1922)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-ana-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-mudanya-ateskes-antlasmasi-11-ekim-1922\">MUDANYA ATE\u015eKES ANTLA\u015eMASI (11 EK\u0130M 1922)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-ana-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-lozan-baris-antlasmasi-24-temmuz-1923\">LOZAN BARI\u015e ANTLA\u015eMASI (24 TEMMUZ 1923)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-alt-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-lozan-baris-antlasmasi-nin-onemi\">Lozan Bar\u0131\u015f Antla\u015fmas\u0131&#x27;n\u0131n \u00d6nemi:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/header><div class=\"tk-icerik\"><section class=\"tk-kart tk-kart-ilk\"><p class=\"tk-paragraf\" data-tk-source=\"2\"><strong>Mill\u00ee M\u00fccadele<\/strong>, <strong>Do\u011fu<\/strong>, <strong>G\u00fcney<\/strong> ve <strong>Bat\u0131<\/strong> olmak \u00fczere \u00fc\u00e7 cephede ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir.<\/p><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"3\"><strong>Do\u011fu Cephesi<\/strong>: <strong>Kaz\u0131m Karabekir Pa\u015fa<\/strong> komutas\u0131ndaki <strong>15. Kolordu<\/strong> (Osmanl\u0131&#8217;dan kalan tek d\u00fczenli ordu birli\u011fi), <strong>Ermenilerle<\/strong> m\u00fccadele etmi\u015ftir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"4\"><strong>G\u00fcney Cephesi<\/strong>: <strong>Frans\u0131zlar<\/strong> ve onlar\u0131n destekledi\u011fi <strong>Ermenilere<\/strong> kar\u015f\u0131 direni\u015fi do\u011frudan b\u00f6lge halk\u0131ndan olu\u015fan <strong>Kuvay\u0131milliye<\/strong> \u00fcstlenmi\u015ftir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"5\"><strong>Bat\u0131 Cephesi<\/strong>: <strong>Yunanlara<\/strong> kar\u015f\u0131 \u00f6nce <strong>Kuvay\u0131milliye<\/strong>, daha sonra ise TBMM&#8217;nin kurdu\u011fu <strong>D\u00fczenli Ordu<\/strong> m\u00fccadele etmi\u015ftir.<\/li><\/ul><\/section><section class=\"tk-kart\"><h2 id=\"tk-milli-mucadele-de-dogu-cephesi\" data-tk-source=\"6\"><strong>M\u0130LL\u00ce M\u00dcCADELE\u2019DE DO\u011eU CEPHES\u0130<\/strong><\/h2><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"7\"><strong>I. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131<\/strong>&#8216;n\u0131n sonlar\u0131na do\u011fru <strong>Rusya<\/strong>&#8216;da \u00e7\u0131kan ihtilal sonucunda <strong>\u00c7arl\u0131k rejimi<\/strong> y\u0131k\u0131larak <strong>Sovyet Rusya<\/strong> kurulmu\u015ftur.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"8\">Yeni kurulan rejim, <strong>Brest-Litovsk<\/strong><strong> Antla\u015fmas\u0131<\/strong> ile sava\u015ftan \u00e7ekilmi\u015f, i\u015fgal etti\u011fi yerleri bo\u015faltm\u0131\u015f, hatta <strong>93 Harbi<\/strong>&#8216;nde ele ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi <strong>Kars<\/strong>, <strong>Ardahan<\/strong> ve <strong>Batum<\/strong>&#8216;u (<strong>Elviye<\/strong><strong>-i <\/strong><strong>Selase<\/strong>) <strong>Osmanl\u0131 Devleti<\/strong>&#8216;ne b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"9\">Kafkasya&#8217;da olu\u015fan bu otorite bo\u015flu\u011fundan yararlanan <strong>Ermeniler<\/strong>, merkezi <strong>Erivan<\/strong> olan bir <strong>Ermenistan Devleti<\/strong> kurmu\u015flard\u0131r (<strong>28 May\u0131s 1918<\/strong>).<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"10\"><strong>\u0130tilaf Devletleri<\/strong>, <strong>Paris Bar\u0131\u015f Konferans\u0131<\/strong>&#8216;nda <strong>Do\u011fu Anadolu B\u00f6lgesi<\/strong>&#8216;nde ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir <strong>Ermeni devleti<\/strong> kurulmas\u0131na karar vermi\u015ftir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"11\"><strong>B\u00fcy\u00fck Ermenistan<\/strong> d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek isteyen <strong>Ermeniler<\/strong>, k\u00f6y ve kasabalar\u0131 yakmaya ve T\u00fcrkleri \u00f6ld\u00fcrmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"12\"><strong>Do\u011fu Anadolu<\/strong>&#8216;nun <strong>Ermenilerin<\/strong> eline ge\u00e7mesini \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in, <strong>Do\u011fu Anadolu M\u00fcdafaa-i Hukuk Cemiyeti<\/strong> kurulmu\u015ftur. <strong>Kaz\u0131m Karabekir Pa\u015fa<\/strong>&#8216;n\u0131n <strong>15. Kolordu Komutan\u0131<\/strong> olarak <strong>Erzurum<\/strong>&#8216;a gelmesinden sonra bu cemiyet daha da g\u00fc\u00e7lenmi\u015ftir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"13\"><strong>\u0130tilaf Devletleri<\/strong> taraf\u0131ndan <strong>Sevr Antla\u015fmas\u0131<\/strong>&#8216;na <strong>Ermeni Devleti<\/strong>&#8216;nin kurulmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6ren bir madde konmu\u015ftur. Bundan cesaret alan <strong>Ermeniler<\/strong> sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"14\">Bu geli\u015fmeler ya\u015fan\u0131rken <strong>BMM H\u00fck\u00fbmeti<\/strong>, <strong>15. Kolordu Komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 Do\u011fu Cephesi Komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na<\/strong> d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrerek ba\u015f\u0131na <strong>Kaz\u0131m Karabekir<\/strong>&#8216;i atam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"15\"><strong>BMM<\/strong>&#8216;nin ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 karar \u00fczerine harekete ge\u00e7en <strong>Kaz\u0131m Karabekir Pa\u015fa<\/strong>, <strong>Sar\u0131kam\u0131\u015f<\/strong> ve <strong>Kars<\/strong>&#8216;\u0131 <strong>Ermenilerden<\/strong> kurtarm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"16\">\u0130lerleyi\u015fini s\u00fcrd\u00fcren <strong>T\u00fcrk ordusunun G\u00fcmr\u00fc<\/strong>&#8216;ye yakla\u015fmas\u0131 \u00fczerine <strong>Ermeniler<\/strong> bar\u0131\u015f istemi\u015flerdir.<\/li><\/ul><p class=\"tk-paragraf\" data-tk-source=\"17\"><strong>G\u00fcmr\u00fc Bar\u0131\u015f Antla\u015fmas\u0131 (2-3 Aral\u0131k 1920)<\/strong> \u0130mzalanan antla\u015fman\u0131n \u00f6nemli baz\u0131 maddeleri \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p><ol class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"18\"><strong>Ermenistan <\/strong><strong>BMM<\/strong>&#8216;yi tan\u0131yacakt\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"19\"><strong>Kars<\/strong>, <strong>Sar\u0131kam\u0131\u015f<\/strong>, <strong>Ka\u011f\u0131zman<\/strong>, <strong>I\u011fd\u0131r<\/strong> ve <strong>Oltu BMM <\/strong><strong>H\u00fck\u00fbmeti<\/strong>&#8216;ne b\u0131rak\u0131lacakt\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"20\">\u0130steyen <strong>Ermeniler T\u00fcrkiye<\/strong>&#8216;ye g\u00f6\u00e7 edebilecektir.<\/li><\/ol><h3 id=\"tk-gumru-antlasmasi-nin-onemi-yks-kpss-vurgusu\" data-tk-source=\"21\"><strong>G\u00fcmr\u00fc Antla\u015fmas\u0131&#8217;n\u0131n \u00d6nemi (YKS\/KPSS Vurgusu):<\/strong><\/h3><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"22\">Bu bar\u0131\u015f antla\u015fmas\u0131 <strong>BMM <\/strong><strong>H\u00fck\u00fbmeti<\/strong>&#8216;nin uluslararas\u0131 alanda sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 <strong>ilk asker\u00ee ve siyasi ba\u015far\u0131d\u0131r<\/strong>.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"23\"><strong>Ermenistan<\/strong>, <strong>TBMM<\/strong>&#8216;yi tan\u0131yan <strong>ilk devlet<\/strong> olmu\u015ftur.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"24\"><strong>Do\u011fu Anadolu<\/strong> \u00fczerindeki her t\u00fcrl\u00fc isteklerinden vazge\u00e7en <strong>Ermeniler<\/strong>, b\u00f6ylelikle <strong>Sevr Antla\u015fmas\u0131<\/strong>&#8216;n\u0131n kendilerine tan\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 haklardan da vazge\u00e7mi\u015flerdir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"25\"><strong>Sevr Antla\u015fmas\u0131<\/strong>&#8216;n\u0131n ge\u00e7ersizli\u011fi uluslararas\u0131 bir belgede ilk kez kan\u0131tlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><\/ul><\/section><section class=\"tk-kart\"><h2 id=\"tk-milli-mucadele-de-guney-cephesi\" data-tk-source=\"26\"><strong>M\u0130LL\u00ce M\u00dcCADELE\u2019DE G\u00dcNEY CEPHES\u0130<\/strong><\/h2><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"27\"><strong>\u0130tilaf Devletleri<\/strong>, <strong>Mondros Ate\u015fkes Antla\u015fmas\u0131<\/strong>&#8216;ndan sonra Osmanl\u0131 topraklar\u0131ndaki i\u015fgallerini yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu antla\u015fmayla <strong>Irak<\/strong> ve <strong>Filistin \u0130ngiltere<\/strong>&#8216;ye, <strong>Suriye<\/strong> ve <strong>L\u00fcbnan Fransa<\/strong>&#8216;ya b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"28\"><strong>\u0130ngilizler<\/strong>, <strong>Musul<\/strong>&#8216;un i\u015fgali konusunda <strong>Fransa<\/strong> ile anla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunun kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ilk ba\u015fta i\u015fgal ettikleri <strong>Antakya<\/strong>, <strong>Urfa<\/strong>, <strong>Antep<\/strong> ve <strong>Mara\u015f<\/strong> illerini (<strong>Suriye <\/strong><strong>\u0130tilafnamesi<\/strong> ile) <strong>Frans\u0131zlara<\/strong> b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"29\"><strong>Frans\u0131zlar<\/strong> daha \u00f6nce i\u015fgal ettikleri <strong>Adana<\/strong> ve <strong>Mersin<\/strong>&#8216;in yan\u0131 s\u0131ra <strong>\u0130ngilizlerin<\/strong> bo\u015faltt\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6releri i\u015fgal etmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"30\"><strong>Frans\u0131zlar<\/strong>, <strong>Ermenileri<\/strong> de yanlar\u0131na alarak (Frans\u0131z \u00fcniformas\u0131 giydirilmi\u015f <strong>\u0130ntikam Alaylar\u0131<\/strong>) y\u00f6re halk\u0131 \u00fczerindeki bask\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 giderek art\u0131rm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"31\">B\u00f6lge halk\u0131 i\u015fgallere kar\u015f\u0131 <strong>Kuvay\u0131milliye<\/strong> birlikleriyle direni\u015fe ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. B\u00f6lgede <strong>d\u00fczenli bir ordunun bulunmamas\u0131<\/strong> nedeniyle <strong>Mustafa Kemal<\/strong>, direni\u015fin daha etkili h\u00e2le getirilebilmesi i\u00e7in buraya sivil k\u0131yafetli g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc baz\u0131 <strong>subaylar\u0131<\/strong> g\u00f6ndermi\u015ftir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"32\">B\u00f6lge halk\u0131 i\u015fgalcilere kar\u015f\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmi\u015ftir. <strong>Kuvay\u0131milliye<\/strong> \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde i\u015fgalci <strong>Frans\u0131zlar<\/strong> ve i\u015f birlik\u00e7isi <strong>Ermenilere<\/strong> kar\u015f\u0131 y\u00f6re halk\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k m\u00fccadelesi ba\u015flatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><\/ul><h3 id=\"tk-maras-savunmasi\" data-tk-source=\"33\"><strong>Mara\u015f Savunmas\u0131<\/strong><\/h3><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"34\"><strong>Mara\u015f<\/strong>, <strong>22 \u015eubat 1919<\/strong> tarihinde <strong>\u0130ngilizlerin<\/strong> i\u015fgaline u\u011fram\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u015eehir, <strong>30 Ekim 1919<\/strong>&#8216;da <strong>\u0130ngilizler<\/strong> ile yap\u0131lan antla\u015fma gere\u011fi <strong>Frans\u0131zlar<\/strong> taraf\u0131ndan i\u015fgal edilmi\u015ftir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"35\"><strong>Frans\u0131zlar<\/strong> b\u00f6lgedeki <strong>Ermenilerle<\/strong> i\u015f birli\u011fi yaparak T\u00fcrk halk\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 bask\u0131 uygulamaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"36\">\u00d6nce <strong>S\u00fct\u00e7\u00fc \u0130mam<\/strong> olay\u0131 direni\u015fin k\u0131v\u0131lc\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 yakm\u0131\u015f, sonras\u0131nda <strong>27 Kas\u0131m 1919<\/strong>&#8216;da <strong>Mara\u015f Kalesi<\/strong>&#8216;ndeki T\u00fcrk bayra\u011f\u0131n\u0131n i\u015fgalci <strong>Frans\u0131zlarca<\/strong> indirilmesi (<strong>Bayrak Olay\u0131<\/strong>) Mara\u015f halk\u0131n\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k duygular\u0131n\u0131 uyand\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"37\">\u0130\u015fgalcilere kar\u015f\u0131 <strong>Kuvay\u0131milliye<\/strong> birlikleriyle beraber y\u00f6re halk\u0131 silahl\u0131 direni\u015fe ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"38\"><strong>Frans\u0131zlar<\/strong> ve <strong>Ermenilere<\/strong> kar\u015f\u0131 <strong>22 g\u00fcn<\/strong> s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclen ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 m\u00fccadeleler sonucunda \u015fehrin \u00f6nemli bir k\u0131sm\u0131na h\u00e2kim olunmu\u015ftur.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"39\">Bu direni\u015f kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda \u015fehirde tutunamayan <strong>Frans\u0131zlar 11 \u015eubat<\/strong>&#8216;\u0131 <strong>12 \u015eubat<\/strong>&#8216;a ba\u011flayan gece, \u015fehirden \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Fedak\u00e2r Mara\u015f halk\u0131 Frans\u0131z i\u015fgalinden kurtulmu\u015ftur.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-dikkat-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"40\"><em>Ek Bilgi:<\/em> <strong>TBMM<\/strong> taraf\u0131ndan <strong>Mara\u015f<\/strong>&#8216;a <strong>1925<\/strong>&#8216;te <strong>\u0130stiklal Madalyas\u0131<\/strong>, <strong>1973<\/strong>&#8216;te ise <strong>&#8220;Kahraman&#8221;<\/strong> unvan\u0131 verilmi\u015ftir.<\/li><\/ul><h3 id=\"tk-urfa-nin-kurtulusu\" data-tk-source=\"41\"><strong>Urfa&#8217;n\u0131n Kurtulu\u015fu<\/strong><\/h3><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"42\"><strong>\u0130ngilizler<\/strong>, <strong>Mondros Ate\u015fkes Antla\u015fmas\u0131<\/strong>&#8216;na dayanarak <strong>24 Mart 1919<\/strong>&#8216;da <strong>Urfa<\/strong>&#8216;y\u0131 i\u015fgal etmi\u015flerdir. Yapt\u0131klar\u0131 antla\u015fma gere\u011fi \u015fehri <strong>Frans\u0131zlara<\/strong> devretmi\u015flerdir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"43\"><strong>Frans\u0131zlar 30 Ekim 1919<\/strong>&#8216;da <strong>Urfa<\/strong>&#8216;y\u0131 i\u015fgal etmi\u015flerdir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"44\"><strong>Urfa Jandarma Komutan\u0131 Ali R\u0131za Bey<\/strong> ile <strong>Belediye Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Hac\u0131 Mustafa Bey<\/strong>&#8216;in liderli\u011finde kurulan <strong>Urfa M\u00fcdafaa-i Hukuk Cemiyeti<\/strong>, Frans\u0131zlara kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadeleye giri\u015fmi\u015ftir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"45\">Ba\u015far\u0131lar\u0131n kazan\u0131lmas\u0131nda <strong>Urfa M\u00fcdafaa-i Hukuk Cemiyeti Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Ali <\/strong><strong>Saip<\/strong><strong> (<\/strong><strong>Ursava\u015f<\/strong><strong>) Bey<\/strong>&#8216;in \u00f6nemli bir katk\u0131s\u0131 olmu\u015ftur.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"46\"><strong>Kuvay\u0131milliye<\/strong> birlikleri <strong>8-9 \u015eubat<\/strong> gecesi <strong>Urfa<\/strong>&#8216;ya girmi\u015f, \u015fehir ku\u015fat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"47\">Tutunamayan <strong>Frans\u0131zlar 8 Nisan 1920<\/strong>&#8216;de anla\u015fma isteklerini bildirmi\u015f ve <strong>11 Nisan 1920<\/strong>&#8216;den itibaren \u015fehri terk etmi\u015flerdir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-dikkat-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"48\"><em>Ek Bilgi:<\/em> <strong>TBMM<\/strong> taraf\u0131ndan <strong>Urfa<\/strong>&#8216;ya <strong>1984<\/strong>&#8216;te <strong>&#8220;\u015eanl\u0131&#8221;<\/strong> unvan\u0131, <strong>2016<\/strong>&#8216;da ise <strong>\u0130stiklal Madalyas\u0131<\/strong> verilmi\u015ftir.<\/li><\/ul><h3 id=\"tk-antep-savunmasi\" data-tk-source=\"49\"><strong>Antep Savunmas\u0131<\/strong><\/h3><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"50\"><strong>Antep<\/strong>, <strong>15 Ocak 1919<\/strong>&#8216;da <strong>\u0130ngilizler<\/strong> taraf\u0131ndan i\u015fgal edilmi\u015f, <strong>29 Ekim 1919<\/strong>&#8216;da <strong>Frans\u0131zlara<\/strong> b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"51\"><strong>Mustafa Kemal<\/strong>, i\u015fgallerin tehlikeli boyuta ula\u015fmas\u0131 \u00fczerine <strong>Antep<\/strong> ve <strong>Mara\u015f<\/strong> y\u00f6relerinin i\u015fgalinin protesto edilmesini istemi\u015ftir. Antep halk\u0131 mitingler d\u00fczenlemi\u015ftir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"52\"><strong>Anadolu ve Rumeli M\u00fcdafaa-i Hukuk Cemiyeti<\/strong>&#8216;nin Antep&#8217;te bir \u015fubesi a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"53\"><strong>Antep-Kilis yolu <\/strong><strong>Kuvay\u0131milliye<\/strong><strong> Komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na<\/strong> getirilen <strong>\u00dcste\u011fmen Mehmet Sait Bey<\/strong>, b\u00f6lgedeki direni\u015fin sembol ismi h\u00e2line gelmi\u015ftir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"54\"><strong>\u00dcste\u011fmen Mehmet Sait Bey<\/strong>, <strong>&#8220;\u015eahin&#8221;<\/strong> takma ad\u0131yla y\u00f6re halk\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fctlemi\u015f, Frans\u0131z birliklerine a\u011f\u0131r kay\u0131plar verdirmi\u015ftir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"55\"><strong>1920 \u015eubat<\/strong> ay\u0131nda <strong>Kilis-Antep yolunu<\/strong> kapatan <strong>\u015eahin Bey<\/strong>, <strong>26 Mart 1920<\/strong>&#8216;de Frans\u0131zlar\u0131n yolu a\u00e7mak i\u00e7in yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 harek\u00e2tta kahramanca direnerek \u015fehit d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"56\">Bu olay \u00fczerine <strong>Mustafa Kemal<\/strong>, <strong>K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 Ali Bey<\/strong>&#8216;i Antep savunmas\u0131 i\u00e7in g\u00f6revlendirmi\u015ftir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"57\">Antepliler, on bir ay boyunca a\u00e7 ve susuz kalsalar da kahramanca direnmi\u015flerdir. <strong>Frans\u0131zlar, Antep&#8217;e ancak 9 \u015eubat 1921 tarihinde girebilmi\u015flerdir.<\/strong><\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"58\">Bu cephede Frans\u0131zlar\u0131n politikalar\u0131, <strong>Bat\u0131 Cephesi<\/strong>&#8216;nde <strong>Sakarya Sava\u015f\u0131<\/strong>&#8216;n\u0131n kazan\u0131lmas\u0131 ile de\u011fi\u015fmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"59\"><strong>G\u00fcney Cephesi<\/strong>, <strong>TBMM H\u00fck\u00fcmeti<\/strong>&#8216;nin <strong>Fransa<\/strong> ile imzalad\u0131\u011f\u0131 <strong>20 Ekim 1921 tarihli Ankara Antla\u015fmas\u0131<\/strong> ile sona ermi\u015f ve cephe kapanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-dikkat-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"60\"><em>Ek Bilgi:<\/em> <strong>TBMM<\/strong> taraf\u0131ndan direni\u015f s\u00fcrerken <strong>1921<\/strong>&#8216;de <strong>Antep<\/strong>&#8216;e <strong>&#8220;Gazi&#8221;<\/strong> unvan\u0131, <strong>2008<\/strong>&#8216;de ise <strong>\u0130stiklal Madalyas\u0131<\/strong> verilmi\u015ftir.<\/li><\/ul><h3 id=\"tk-italyanlarin-durumu\" data-tk-source=\"61\"><strong>\u0130talyanlar\u0131n Durumu<\/strong><\/h3><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"62\"><strong>Frans\u0131zlar\u0131n<\/strong> ve <strong>Ermenilerin<\/strong> d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda <strong>\u0130talyanlar<\/strong> da Mondros&#8217;a dayanarak <strong>Antalya<\/strong>, <strong>Ku\u015fadas\u0131<\/strong>, <strong>Marmaris<\/strong> ve <strong>Fethiye<\/strong>&#8216;yi ele ge\u00e7irip <strong>Konya<\/strong>&#8216;ya asker g\u00f6ndermi\u015flerdir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"63\">Bu b\u00f6lgelerde <strong>\u0130talyanlara<\/strong> kar\u015f\u0131 silahl\u0131 bir direni\u015f olmam\u0131\u015f ve cephe a\u00e7\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"64\"><strong>\u0130talyanlar<\/strong>, <strong>Yunanlara<\/strong> kar\u015f\u0131 kazan\u0131lan <strong>II. \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc Sava\u015f\u0131<\/strong>&#8216;ndan sonra i\u015fgal etti\u011fi yerlerden \u00e7ekilmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. <strong>Sakarya Zaferi<\/strong>&#8216;nden sonra ise Anadolu&#8217;yu tamamen terk etmi\u015flerdir.<\/li><\/ul><\/section><section class=\"tk-kart\"><h2 id=\"tk-milli-mucadele-de-bati-cephesi\" data-tk-source=\"65\"><strong>M\u0130LL\u00ce M\u00dcCADELE\u2019DE BATI CEPHES\u0130<\/strong><\/h2><h3 id=\"tk-duzenli-ordunun-kurulmasi\" data-tk-source=\"66\"><strong>D\u00fczenli Ordunun Kurulmas\u0131<\/strong><\/h3><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"67\">Mondros sonras\u0131 i\u015fgallere \u0130stanbul H\u00fck\u00fbmeti&#8217;nin sessiz kalmas\u0131 \u00fczerine halk <strong>Kuvay\u0131milliye<\/strong><strong> (Mill\u00ee G\u00fc\u00e7ler)<\/strong> adl\u0131 silahl\u0131 direni\u015f birliklerini kurmu\u015ftur.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"68\">Bu g\u00fc\u00e7ler isyanlar\u0131n bast\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131nda ve <strong>Ege B\u00f6lgesi<\/strong>&#8216;nde <strong>Yunan<\/strong> ilerleyi\u015finin yava\u015flat\u0131lmas\u0131nda yararl\u0131 olmu\u015ftur.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"69\"><strong>Kuvay\u0131milliye&#8217;nin<\/strong><strong> Kald\u0131r\u0131lma Nedenleri:<\/strong><\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"70\">Subay emir komutas\u0131nda hareket eden d\u00fczenli d\u00fc\u015fman ordular\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 kesin sonu\u00e7 elde edememeleri.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"71\">\u0130htiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 halktan zorla (silah, yiyecek, para) kar\u015f\u0131lamalar\u0131.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"72\">Keyfi bi\u00e7imde ceza vererek yarg\u0131 g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc kullanmalar\u0131.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"73\">\u0130stanbul H\u00fck\u00fbmeti&#8217;nin k\u00f6t\u00fcleme propagandalar\u0131na zemin haz\u0131rlamalar\u0131.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"74\"><strong>Sivas Kongresi<\/strong>&#8216;nde, <strong>Bat\u0131 Anadolu <\/strong><strong>Kuvay\u0131milliye<\/strong><strong> Komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/strong> kurularak ba\u015f\u0131na <strong>Ali Fuat Pa\u015fa<\/strong> atanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"75\"><strong>24 Ekim 1920<\/strong>&#8216;de Yunan kuvvetlerine kar\u015f\u0131 yap\u0131lan <strong>Gediz Taarruzu<\/strong> ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131kla sonu\u00e7lanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. (Bu ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131k d\u00fczenli ordunun \u015fart oldu\u011funu kan\u0131tlam\u0131\u015f, <strong>Ali Fuat Pa\u015fa Moskova B\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7ili\u011fine<\/strong> atanarak cephe komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r).<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"76\"><strong>BMM<\/strong>&#8216;de al\u0131nan kararla Kuvay\u0131milliye yerine <strong>D\u00fczenli Ordu<\/strong> kurulmu\u015ftur.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"77\"><strong>9 Kas\u0131m 1920<\/strong>&#8216;de <strong>Bat\u0131 Cephesi<\/strong> ikiye b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr: <strong>G\u00fcney b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc Refet Bey<\/strong>&#8216;in, <strong>Bat\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u0130smet Bey<\/strong>&#8216;in komutas\u0131na verilmi\u015ftir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"78\">D\u00fczenli orduya kat\u0131lmak istemeyen <strong>\u00c7erkez Ethem ve karde\u015fleri<\/strong> ile <strong>Demirci Mehmet Efe<\/strong> isyan etmi\u015ftir. D\u00fczenli ordu birlikleri isyanlar\u0131 bast\u0131rarak en b\u00fcy\u00fck engeli ortadan kald\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><\/ul><h3 id=\"tk-i-inonu-muharebesi-6-10-ocak-1921\" data-tk-source=\"79\"><strong>I. \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc Muharebesi (6-10 Ocak 1921)<\/strong><\/h3><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"80\"><strong>Yunan Ordusunun Amac\u0131:<\/strong> Eski\u015fehir&#8217;e giden demiryolunu ele ge\u00e7irmek, Ankara&#8217;ya ula\u015f\u0131p mill\u00ee hareketi ortadan kald\u0131rmak ve Sevr&#8217;i zorla kabul ettirmektir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"81\"><strong>6 Ocak 1921<\/strong>&#8216;de <strong>Yunan ordusu \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc<\/strong> yak\u0131nlar\u0131na gelmi\u015ftir. <strong>\u0130smet Bey<\/strong>, \u00c7erkez Ethem \u00fczerine yollad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kuvvetleri geri \u00e7ekip Yunanlar\u0131n \u00fczerine g\u00f6ndermi\u015ftir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"82\">Say\u0131ca \u00e7ok \u00fcst\u00fcn (iki kat) Yunan kuvvetlerine kar\u015f\u0131 <strong>T\u00fcrk ordusu<\/strong> ilerleyi\u015fi durdurmu\u015f ve d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131 geri \u00e7ekilmek zorunda b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"83\">Sava\u015f kazan\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra \u00c7erkez Ethem isyan\u0131 tamamen bast\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, asiler da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"84\"><strong>\u00d6nemi:<\/strong> <strong>I. \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc Muharebesi<\/strong>, <strong>BMM<\/strong>&#8216;nin kurdu\u011fu d\u00fczenli ordunun <strong>Bat\u0131 Cephesi&#8217;nde kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilk asker\u00ee zaferdir.<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><h3 id=\"tk-i-inonu-savasi-ndan-sonra-yasanan-gelismeler-milat-sifresiyle\" data-tk-source=\"85\"><strong>I. \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019ndan Sonra Ya\u015fanan Geli\u015fmeler (M\u0130LAT \u015eifresiyle):<\/strong><\/h3><ol class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"86\"><strong>M<\/strong>oskova Antla\u015fmas\u0131 imzalanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (Sovyetler Birli\u011fi ile).<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"87\"><strong>\u0130<\/strong>stiklal Mar\u015f\u0131 kabul edilmi\u015ftir (12 Mart 1921).<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"88\"><strong>L<\/strong>ondra Konferans\u0131 toplanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"89\"><strong>A<\/strong>fganistan&#8217;la Dostluk Antla\u015fmas\u0131 imzalanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"90\"><strong>T<\/strong>e\u015fkilat-\u0131 Esasiye Kanunu (1921 Anayasas\u0131) kabul edilmi\u015ftir.<\/li><\/ol><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"91\"><em>Ayr\u0131ca:<\/em> <strong>Albay \u0130smet Bey<\/strong>&#8216;in r\u00fctbesi generalli\u011fe y\u00fckseltilmi\u015ftir. \u0130tilaf Devletleri&#8217;nin Yunanlara g\u00fcveni sars\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Halk\u0131n orduya ve TBMM&#8217;ye g\u00fcveni artm\u0131\u015f, askere alma i\u015fleri h\u0131zlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><\/ul><h3 id=\"tk-teskilat-i-esasiye-kanunu-1921-anayasasi-20-ocak-1921\" data-tk-source=\"92\"><strong>Te\u015fkilat-\u0131 Esasiye Kanunu [1921 Anayasas\u0131] (20 Ocak 1921)<\/strong><\/h3><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"93\">T\u00fcrkiye&#8217;nin ilk anayasas\u0131d\u0131r. (23 madde, 1 ek madde).<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"94\">Yeni T\u00fcrk Devleti&#8217;nin hukuki temelidir. Ki\u015fi hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerinde <strong>Kanun-i Esasi<\/strong> h\u00fck\u00fcmleri ge\u00e7erlili\u011fini korumu\u015ftur (\u00c7er\u00e7eve anayasa \u00f6zelli\u011fi g\u00f6sterir).<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"95\"><strong>\u00d6nemli Maddeleri:<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><ol class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"96\">Egemenlik kay\u0131ts\u0131z \u015farts\u0131z milletindir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"97\">Y\u00fcr\u00fctme ve yasama yetkisi <strong>BMM<\/strong>&#8216;nindir (<strong>G\u00fc\u00e7ler Birli\u011fi<\/strong> ilkesi).<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"98\">T\u00fcrkiye Devleti, <strong>BMM<\/strong> taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6netilir ve h\u00fck\u00fbmet <strong>&#8220;BMM H\u00fck\u00fbmeti&#8221;<\/strong> ad\u0131n\u0131 al\u0131r (<strong>Meclis H\u00fck\u00fcmeti<\/strong> sistemi).<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"99\">Din buyruklar\u0131n\u0131n yerine getirilmesi, kanun konmas\u0131, bar\u0131\u015f\/sava\u015f karar\u0131 esas haklar olarak <strong>BMM<\/strong>&#8216;ye aittir.<\/li><\/ol><h3 id=\"tk-istiklal-marsi-nin-kabulu-12-mart-1921\" data-tk-source=\"100\"><strong>\u0130stiklal Mar\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Kabul\u00fc (12 Mart 1921)<\/strong><\/h3><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"101\">Ama\u00e7: T\u00fcrk milletinin duygular\u0131n\u0131 co\u015fturmak ve mill\u00ee birli\u011fi peki\u015ftirmektir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"102\">Yar\u0131\u015fmaya 724 \u015fiir kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Para \u00f6d\u00fcl\u00fc (500 Lira) oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta kat\u0131lmayan <strong>Mehmet Akif Ersoy<\/strong>, <strong>Mill\u00ee E\u011fitim Bakan\u0131 Hamdullah Suphi (Tanr\u0131\u00f6ver) Bey<\/strong>&#8216;in ricas\u0131 ve \u00f6d\u00fcl\u00fcn hay\u0131r kurumlar\u0131na ba\u011f\u0131\u015flanmas\u0131 \u015fart\u0131yla ikna olmu\u015ftur.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"103\"><strong>&#8220;Kahraman Ordumuza&#8221;<\/strong> ithaf\u0131yla yaz\u0131lan \u015fiir, <strong>12 Mart 1921<\/strong>&#8216;de kabul edilmi\u015ftir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"104\">G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde kullan\u0131lan bestesi, <strong>1930<\/strong> y\u0131l\u0131nda <strong>Osman Zeki \u00dcng\u00f6r<\/strong> taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><\/ul><h3 id=\"tk-londra-konferansi-21-subat-12-mart-1921\" data-tk-source=\"105\"><strong>Londra Konferans\u0131 (21 <\/strong><strong>\u015eubat &#8211;<\/strong><strong> 12 Mart 1921)<\/strong><\/h3><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"106\"><strong>Toplanma Nedeni:<\/strong> I. \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc Muharebesi sonras\u0131 <strong>\u0130tilaf Devletleri<\/strong>&#8216;nin <strong>Sevr Antla\u015fmas\u0131<\/strong>&#8216;n\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck de\u011fi\u015fikliklerle T\u00fcrklere kabul ettirmek istemesi.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"107\"><strong>Davet S\u00fcreci:<\/strong> \u00d6nce sadece <strong>\u0130stanbul H\u00fck\u00fbmeti<\/strong> \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, <strong>BMM<\/strong> itiraz edince <strong>\u0130talya<\/strong>&#8216;n\u0131n arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla <strong>BMM<\/strong> de davet edilmi\u015ftir. Ama\u00e7: \u0130ki h\u00fck\u00fbmet aras\u0131nda ikilik \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131p faydalanmakt\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"108\"><strong>Temsilciler:<\/strong> \u0130stanbul H\u00fck\u00fbmeti ad\u0131na <strong>Tevfik Pa\u015fa<\/strong>, <strong>BMM H\u00fck\u00fbmeti<\/strong> ad\u0131na <strong>Bekir Sami (<\/strong><strong>Kunduh<\/strong><strong>) Bey<\/strong> kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"109\"><strong>Tarihi An:<\/strong> \u0130stanbul H\u00fck\u00fbmeti temsilcisi <strong>Tevfik Pa\u015fa<\/strong> s\u00f6z hakk\u0131 geldi\u011finde, <em>&#8220;Ben s\u00f6z\u00fc milletin as\u0131l temsilcisi olan TBMM delegesine b\u0131rak\u0131yorum&#8221;<\/em> diyerek \u0130tilaf Devletlerinin ikilik \u00e7\u0131karma plan\u0131n\u0131 bozmu\u015ftur.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"110\"><strong>Bekir Sami Bey<\/strong>, bar\u0131\u015f ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klayarak <strong>Misak\u0131mill\u00ee<\/strong>&#8216;yi t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyaya duyurmu\u015ftur. \u0130tilaf Devletleri Misak\u0131mill\u00ee&#8217;yi dikkate almad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in sonu\u00e7 \u00e7\u0131kmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"111\"><strong>\u00d6nemi:<\/strong> <strong>Londra Konferans\u0131<\/strong> ile <strong>BMM<\/strong>, <strong>\u0130tilaf Devletleri<\/strong>&#8216;ne varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 <strong>hukuken ve resmen<\/strong> tan\u0131tm\u0131\u015f, T\u00fcrklerin bar\u0131\u015f yanl\u0131s\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 propagandalar\u0131 \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/li><\/ul><h3 id=\"tk-turk-afgan-dostluk-antlasmasi-1-mart-1921\" data-tk-source=\"112\"><strong>T\u00fcrk-Afgan Dostluk Antla\u015fmas\u0131 (1 Mart 1921)<\/strong><\/h3><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"113\">Moskova&#8217;da bulunan <strong>Afgan heyeti<\/strong> ile <strong>T\u00fcrk heyeti<\/strong> aras\u0131nda imzalanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"114\"><strong>Maddeleri:<\/strong> \u0130ki devlet birbirinin ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131yacak; emperyalist sald\u0131r\u0131ya kar\u015f\u0131 ortak m\u00fccadele edilecek; T\u00fcrkiye, Afganistan&#8217;a k\u00fclt\u00fcrel\/askeri yard\u0131m (\u00f6\u011fretmen\/subay) g\u00f6nderecektir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"115\"><strong>\u00d6nemi:<\/strong> <strong>Afganistan TBMM&#8217;yi tan\u0131yan \u0130LK M\u00fcsl\u00fcman devlettir.<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><h3 id=\"tk-moskova-antlasmasi-16-mart-1921\" data-tk-source=\"116\"><strong>Moskova Antla\u015fmas\u0131 (16 Mart 1921)<\/strong><\/h3><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"117\"><strong>Sovyetler Birli\u011fi<\/strong>, TBMM&#8217;yi siyasi\/ekonomik destekleme karar\u0131 alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"118\">\u0130mzalayanlar: <strong>Ali Fuat Pa\u015fa<\/strong>, <strong>Yusuf Kemal (<\/strong><strong>Tengir\u015fenk<\/strong><strong>)<\/strong> ve <strong>Dr. R\u0131za Nur<\/strong>.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"119\"><strong>Maddeleri:<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><ol class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"120\">Birinin tan\u0131mad\u0131\u011f\u0131 antla\u015fmay\u0131 di\u011feri tan\u0131mayacakt\u0131r. (Uluslararas\u0131 alanda birlikte hareket etme karar\u0131).<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"121\"><strong>Sovyet Rusya<\/strong>, <strong>Misak\u0131mill\u00ee<\/strong>&#8216;yi tan\u0131yacakt\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"122\"><strong>Sovyet Rusya kapit\u00fclasyonlardan vazge\u00e7mi\u015ftir.<\/strong> (Kapit\u00fclasyonlar\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 kabul eden ilk devlettir).<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"123\">Bo\u011fazlar\u0131n gelece\u011fi Karadeniz&#8217;e k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131 olan devletlerin konferans\u0131yla belirlenecektir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"124\"><strong>Batum<\/strong>, <strong>G\u00fcrcistan<\/strong>&#8216;a b\u0131rak\u0131lacakt\u0131r. (<strong>Misak\u0131mill\u00ee&#8217;den verilen \u0130LK tavizdir.<\/strong>)<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"125\">Osmanl\u0131 ile \u00c7arl\u0131k Rusyas\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki antla\u015fmalar ge\u00e7ersizdir. (\u0130ki \u00fclkede de yeni rejimlerin kuruldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterir).<\/li><\/ol><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"126\"><strong>\u00d6nemi:<\/strong> <strong>Sovyet Rusya<\/strong>, <strong>TBMM<\/strong>&#8216;yi ve <strong>Misak\u0131mill\u00ee<\/strong>&#8216;yi tan\u0131yan <strong>ilk b\u00fcy\u00fck Avrupa (Bat\u0131l\u0131) devleti<\/strong> olmu\u015ftur.<\/li><\/ul><h3 id=\"tk-ii-inonu-muharebesi-23-mart-1-nisan-1921\" data-tk-source=\"127\"><strong>II. \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc Muharebesi (23 <\/strong><strong>Mart &#8211;<\/strong><strong> 1 Nisan 1921)<\/strong><\/h3><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"128\">Londra Konferans\u0131&#8217;n\u0131n ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z olmas\u0131 \u00fczerine <strong>\u0130ngiltere<\/strong>, <strong>Yunan ordusunu<\/strong> yeniden k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"129\"><strong>Yunan Amac\u0131:<\/strong> I. \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc yenilgisini telafi etmek, Eski\u015fehir ve K\u00fctahya&#8217;y\u0131 al\u0131p Ankara&#8217;ya ilerleyerek Sevr&#8217;i kabul ettirmek.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"130\"><strong>Yunanlar<\/strong>, TBMM&#8217;nin <strong>Ko\u00e7giri<\/strong><strong> Ayaklanmas\u0131<\/strong> ve <strong>Pontus \u00e7eteleriyle<\/strong> u\u011fra\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 f\u0131rsat bilip sald\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"131\"><strong>\u0130smet Pa\u015fa<\/strong> komutas\u0131ndaki T\u00fcrk ordusu, Yunanlar\u0131 ikinci kez durdurmay\u0131 ba\u015farm\u0131\u015f ve geri \u00e7ekilmeye zorlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"132\"><strong>Sonu\u00e7lar\u0131:<\/strong><\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"133\">Halk\u0131n TBMM&#8217;ye g\u00fcveni zirveye \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"134\">\u0130tilaf Devletleri aras\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f ayr\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 derinle\u015fmi\u015ftir. <strong>Fransa<\/strong> anla\u015fma zemini aram\u0131\u015f, <strong>\u0130talya<\/strong> i\u015fgal etti\u011fi yerleri bo\u015faltmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye tk-dikkat-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"135\"><em>Ek Bilgi:<\/em> <strong>Mustafa Kemal Pa\u015fa<\/strong>, <strong>\u0130smet Pa\u015fa<\/strong>&#8216;ya \u00e7ekti\u011fi telgrafta <em>&#8220;Siz orada yaln\u0131z d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131 de\u011fil, milletin mak\u00fbs (k\u00f6t\u00fc giden) talihini de yendiniz&#8221;<\/em> diyerek zaferin psikolojik \u00f6nemini vurgulam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><\/ul><h3 id=\"tk-kutahya-eskisehir-muharebeleri-10-24-temmuz-1921\" data-tk-source=\"136\"><strong>K\u00fctahya-Eski\u015fehir Muharebeleri (10-24 Temmuz 1921)<\/strong><\/h3><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"137\">Yunanlar &#8220;B\u00fcy\u00fck Ankara Seferi&#8221; ad\u0131n\u0131 verdikleri geni\u015f bir ku\u015fatma harek\u00e2t\u0131 ba\u015flatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Say\u0131 ve donan\u0131m olarak \u00e7ok \u00fcst\u00fcn olan Yunan ordusu <strong>Eski\u015fehir<\/strong>, <strong>Afyon<\/strong> ve <strong>K\u00fctahya<\/strong>&#8216;y\u0131 i\u015fgal etmi\u015ftir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"138\">Mustafa Kemal&#8217;in emriyle ordunun daha fazla zayiat vermesini \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in <strong>T\u00fcrk ordusu Sakarya Irma\u011f\u0131&#8217;n\u0131n do\u011fusuna \u00e7ekilmi\u015ftir.<\/strong><\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"139\"><strong>Sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 ve \u0130\u00e7 Politikaya Etkileri:<\/strong><\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"140\"><strong>\u0130talya<\/strong>, asker \u00e7ekmeyi durdurmu\u015f; <strong>Fransa<\/strong> bar\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerine ara vermi\u015ftir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"141\">Mecliste Mustafa Kemal&#8217;e y\u00f6nelik muhalefet sertle\u015fmi\u015f, <strong>Meclisin Kayseri&#8217;ye ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131<\/strong> tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (&#8220;Ankara sava\u015fmadan b\u0131rak\u0131lmayacakt\u0131r&#8221; karar\u0131 al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r).<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"142\"><strong>5 A\u011fustos 1921<\/strong>&#8216;de TBMM, t\u00fcm yetki ve sorumlulu\u011fu 3 ay s\u00fcreyle Mustafa Kemal&#8217;e devreden **&#8221;Ba\u015fkomutanl\u0131k Yasas\u0131&#8221;**n\u0131 kabul etmi\u015ftir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye tk-dikkat-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"143\"><em>Ek Bilgi:<\/em> Bu yasayla <strong>Mustafa Kemal Pa\u015fa<\/strong>, Erzurum Kongresi \u00f6ncesi sine-i millete d\u00f6nerek ayr\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 <strong>askerlik mesle\u011fine geri d\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/strong> Yasama yetkisini kullanarak kararlar\u0131 h\u0131zl\u0131 alma imk\u00e2n\u0131 bulmu\u015ftur.<\/li><\/ul><h3 id=\"tk-maarif-egitim-kongresi-16-21-temmuz-1921\" data-tk-source=\"144\"><strong>Maarif (E\u011fitim) Kongresi (16-21 Temmuz 1921)<\/strong><\/h3><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"145\">K\u00fctahya-Eski\u015fehir Sava\u015flar\u0131 devam ederken <strong>Mustafa Kemal<\/strong>&#8216;in talimat\u0131yla Ankara&#8217;da toplanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"146\"><strong>\u00d6nemi:<\/strong> Sava\u015f\u0131n en buhranl\u0131 g\u00fcnlerinde toplanmas\u0131, Mustafa Kemal&#8217;in <strong>e\u011fitime ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k kadar \u00f6nem verdi\u011fini<\/strong> ve zafere kesin olarak inand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir.<\/li><\/ul><h3 id=\"tk-tekalif-i-milliye-milli-yukumlulukler-emirleri-7-8-agustos-1921\" data-tk-source=\"147\"><strong>Tek\u00e2lif-i Mill\u00eeye (Mill\u00ee Y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckler) Emirleri (7-8 A\u011fustos 1921)<\/strong><\/h3><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"148\"><strong>Ba\u015fkomutan Mustafa Kemal<\/strong>, ordunun ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 halktan kar\u015f\u0131lamak i\u00e7in bu emirleri bizzat yay\u0131mlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu bir <strong>&#8220;Topyek\u00fbn Seferberlik&#8221;<\/strong> ilan\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"149\"><strong>Baz\u0131 Emirler:<\/strong><\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"150\">Halk\u0131n elindeki mallar\u0131n ve hayvanlar\u0131n %40&#8217;\u0131na\/ %20&#8217;sine bedeli sonradan \u00f6denmek \u00fczere el konulacakt\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"151\">Ta\u015f\u0131t sahipleri ayda 1 defa 100 km \u00fccretsiz asker\u00ee ta\u015f\u0131ma yapacakt\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"152\">Her aile birer kat \u00e7ama\u015f\u0131r, \u00e7orap, \u00e7ar\u0131k verecektir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"153\">Demirci, d\u00f6k\u00fcmc\u00fc, sara\u00e7 esnaf\u0131 ordu emrine girecektir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"154\">Emirleri uygulamak i\u00e7in komisyonlar ve hukuki sorunlar\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zmek (ve asker ka\u00e7aklar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek) i\u00e7in <strong>\u0130stiklal Mahkemeleri<\/strong> kurulmu\u015ftur.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"155\">T\u00fcrk milleti maddi-manevi t\u00fcm varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 orduya feda ederek <strong>mill\u00ee dayan\u0131\u015fman\u0131n<\/strong> en b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6rne\u011fini sergilemi\u015ftir.<\/li><\/ul><h3 id=\"tk-sakarya-meydan-savasi-23-agustos-13-eylul-1921\" data-tk-source=\"156\"><strong>Sakarya Meydan Sava\u015f\u0131 (23 <\/strong><strong>A\u011fustos &#8211;<\/strong><strong> 13 Eyl\u00fcl 1921)<\/strong><\/h3><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"157\"><strong>Do\u011fu Cephesi<\/strong>&#8216;nden ve Merkez Ordusu&#8217;ndan se\u00e7kin birlikler Bat\u0131 Cephesi&#8217;ne sevk edilmi\u015ftir. Yunan ordusu <strong>23 A\u011fustos 1921<\/strong>&#8216;de sald\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. (100 km\u00b2&#8217;lik geni\u015f cephe).<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"158\">Say\u0131ca ve donan\u0131mca \u00fcst\u00fcn Yunan sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131 sonucu savunma hatlar\u0131nda yer yer k\u0131r\u0131lmalar olmu\u015f, Yunanlar Polatl\u0131 yak\u0131nlar\u0131na (Ankara&#8217;ya 50 km) kadar ilerlemi\u015ftir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"159\"><strong>Mustafa Kemal&#8217;in Tarihi Emri:<\/strong> <em>&#8220;<\/em><strong><em>Hatt\u0131 m\u00fcdafaa yoktur, sath\u0131 m\u00fcdafaa vard\u0131r.<\/em><\/strong><em> O sat\u0131h b\u00fct\u00fcn vatand\u0131r. Vatan\u0131n her kar\u0131\u015f topra\u011f\u0131, vatanda\u015f\u0131n kan\u0131yla sulanmad\u0131k\u00e7a d\u00fc\u015fmana terk olunamaz&#8230;&#8221;<\/em> (Alan savunmas\u0131na ge\u00e7ilmi\u015ftir).<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"160\">Kaybedilen her hatt\u0131n gerisinde yeni hat kurulmu\u015f, Yunan ilerleyi\u015fi durdurulmu\u015ftur. Taktik de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi ile sava\u015f\u0131n seyri T\u00fcrk ordusu lehine d\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"161\"><strong>10 Eyl\u00fcl 1921<\/strong>&#8216;de T\u00fcrk ordusu genel taarruza kalkm\u0131\u015f, Yunan ordusu a\u011f\u0131r kay\u0131plarla \u00e7ekilmi\u015ftir. (22 g\u00fcn 22 gece s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr).<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-dikkat-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"162\"><em>Ek Bilgi:<\/em> \u00c7ok fazla subay \u015fehit oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in tarihe <strong>&#8220;Subaylar Sava\u015f\u0131&#8221;<\/strong> veya <strong>&#8220;<\/strong><strong>Melhame<\/strong><strong>-i K\u00fcbra (B\u00fcy\u00fck K\u0131y\u0131m)&#8221;<\/strong> olarak ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"163\"><strong>Sakarya Zaferi&#8217;nin Sonu\u00e7lar\u0131:<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><ol class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"164\"><strong>1683 II. Viyana <\/strong><strong>Ku\u015fatmas\u0131<\/strong>&#8216;ndan beri devam eden T\u00fcrk geri \u00e7ekili\u015fi sona ermi\u015ftir. <strong>(Savunmadan Taarruza ge\u00e7i\u015f)<\/strong>.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"165\">Yunan ordusu taarruz g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc kaybetmi\u015f, savunmaya ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"166\">TBMM taraf\u0131ndan <strong>Mustafa Kemal Pa\u015fa&#8217;ya Gazilik unvan\u0131 ve Mare\u015fallik r\u00fctbesi<\/strong> verilmi\u015ftir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"167\">Kafkas Cumhuriyetleriyle <strong>Kars Antla\u015fmas\u0131<\/strong>, Fransa ile <strong>Ankara Antla\u015fmas\u0131<\/strong> imzalanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"168\">\u0130tilaf Devletleri bar\u0131\u015f \u00f6nermi\u015f ancak Sevr maddeleri bar\u0131nd\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in reddedilmi\u015ftir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"169\"><strong>\u0130talyanlar Anadolu&#8217;yu tamamen terk etmi\u015ftir.<\/strong><\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"170\">\u0130ngilizlerle esir de\u011fi\u015fimi yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><\/ol><h3 id=\"tk-kars-antlasmasi-13-ekim-1921\" data-tk-source=\"171\"><strong>Kars Antla\u015fmas\u0131 (13 Ekim 1921)<\/strong><\/h3><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"172\"><strong>Sovyet Rusya<\/strong> arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla TBMM ile <strong>Azerbaycan, Ermenistan ve G\u00fcrcistan<\/strong> aras\u0131nda imzalanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"173\"><strong>Maddeleri:<\/strong> Moskova Antla\u015fmas\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 onaylanm\u0131\u015f, Nah\u00e7\u0131van&#8217;a \u00f6zerklik verilmi\u015f, ticari\/g\u00fcmr\u00fck i\u015f birli\u011fi karar\u0131 al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"174\"><strong>\u00d6nemi:<\/strong> <strong>T\u00fcrkiye&#8217;nin DO\u011eU SINIRI KES\u0130N \u015feklini alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/strong> Kafkas Cumhuriyetleri Sevr&#8217;in ge\u00e7ersizli\u011fini kabul etmi\u015ftir.<\/li><\/ul><h3 id=\"tk-ankara-antlasmasi-20-ekim-1921\" data-tk-source=\"175\"><strong>Ankara Antla\u015fmas\u0131 (20 Ekim 1921)<\/strong><\/h3><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"176\">Frans\u0131z kamuoyunun sava\u015fa tepkisi ve Sakarya Zaferi sonucu <strong>Fransa<\/strong> ile TBMM aras\u0131nda imzalanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"177\"><strong>Maddeleri:<\/strong><\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"178\">Sava\u015f durumu sona erecek, esirler b\u0131rak\u0131lacakt\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"179\">Nusaybin, Cizre, Kilis T\u00fcrkiye&#8217;de kalacakt\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"180\"><strong>\u0130skenderun (Hatay)<\/strong> i\u00e7in \u00f6zel y\u00f6netim kurulacak, resmi dili T\u00fcrk\u00e7e olacakt\u0131r. (<strong>Misak\u0131mill\u00ee&#8217;den verilen \u0130K\u0130NC\u0130 tavizdir<\/strong>).<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"181\"><strong>\u00d6nemi:<\/strong><\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"182\"><strong>G\u00fcney Cephesi kapanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/strong> Askeri imkanlar Bat\u0131&#8217;ya kayd\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"183\"><strong>Hatay hari\u00e7 g\u00fcney s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131m\u0131z \u00e7izilmi\u015ftir.<\/strong><\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"184\"><strong>Fransa, TBMM&#8217;yi tan\u0131yan \u0130LK \u0130tilaf Devleti olmu\u015ftur.<\/strong> \u0130tilaf bloku par\u00e7alanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><\/ul><h3 id=\"tk-buyuk-taarruz-26-agustos-1922-ve-baskomutanlik-meydan-savasi-30-agusto\" data-tk-source=\"185\"><strong>B\u00fcy\u00fck Taarruz (26 A\u011fustos 1922) ve Ba\u015fkomutanl\u0131k Meydan Sava\u015f\u0131 (30 A\u011fustos 1922)<\/strong><\/h3><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"186\">Sakarya sonras\u0131 Yunan ordusu Eski\u015fehir-Afyon hatt\u0131nda savunmaya ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. T\u00fcrk ordusu, kesin darbeyi vurmak i\u00e7in eksiklerini tamamlayarak taarruz haz\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131na giri\u015fmi\u015ftir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"187\"><strong>Haz\u0131rl\u0131klar:<\/strong> Taarruz e\u011fitimi verilmi\u015f, <strong>Ba\u015fkomutanl\u0131k yetkisi s\u00fcresiz uzat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f<\/strong>, Tek\u00e2lif-i Mill\u00eeye tam uygulanm\u0131\u015f, \u0130stanbul&#8217;dan silah ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, diplomatik destek i\u00e7in <strong>Yusuf Kemal Bey<\/strong> Avrupa&#8217;ya g\u00f6nderilmi\u015ftir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"188\"><strong>26 A\u011fustos 1922<\/strong>&#8216;de B\u00fcy\u00fck Taarruz ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <strong>27 A\u011fustos<\/strong>&#8216;ta Afyon kurtar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"189\"><strong>30 A\u011fustos 1922<\/strong>&#8216;de <strong>Dumlup\u0131nar<\/strong>&#8216;da <strong>Mustafa Kemal Pa\u015fa<\/strong> idaresinde yap\u0131lan <strong>Ba\u015fkomutanl\u0131k Meydan Sava\u015f\u0131<\/strong>&#8216;nda Yunan ana kuvvetleri yok edilmi\u015f, ba\u015fkomutanlar\u0131 (Trikopis) esir al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"190\"><strong>Mustafa Kemal Pa\u015fa&#8217;n\u0131n Emri (1 Eyl\u00fcl 1922):<\/strong> <em>&#8220;Ordular ilk hedefiniz Akdeniz&#8217;dir, ileri!&#8221;<\/em> (Tarihte Ege denizi o d\u00f6nem Akdeniz kabul edilirdi).<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-dikkat-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"191\"><em>Ek Bilgi:<\/em> Mustafa Kemal bu sava\u015f\u0131 bizzat y\u00f6netti\u011fi i\u00e7in Ba\u015fkomutanl\u0131k Meydan Muharebesi; Yunanlar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck kay\u0131plar\u0131 nedeniyle de <strong>Rum S\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/strong> ad\u0131yla bilinir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"192\">1 Eyl\u00fcl&#8217;de U\u015fak, 2 Eyl\u00fcl&#8217;de Eski\u015fehir, 6 Eyl\u00fcl&#8217;de Bal\u0131kesir, 8 Eyl\u00fcl&#8217;de Manisa kurtar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"193\"><strong>9 Eyl\u00fcl 1922<\/strong>&#8216;de T\u00fcrk ordusu \u0130zmir&#8217;e girmi\u015ftir. 18 Eyl\u00fcl&#8217;de Bat\u0131 Anadolu tamamen temizlenmi\u015ftir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"194\"><strong>Sonu\u00e7:<\/strong> <strong>Bat\u0131 Cephesi kapanm\u0131\u015f ve Mill\u00ee M\u00fccadele&#8217;nin asker\u00ee safhas\u0131 ba\u015far\u0131yla sona ermi\u015ftir.<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/section><section class=\"tk-kart\"><h2 id=\"tk-mudanya-ateskes-antlasmasi-11-ekim-1922\" data-tk-source=\"195\"><strong>MUDANYA ATE\u015eKES ANTLA\u015eMASI (11 EK\u0130M 1922)<\/strong><\/h2><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"196\">T\u00fcrk ordusunun Marmara k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131na ula\u015f\u0131p Bo\u011fazlar&#8217;a y\u00f6nelmesi \u00fczerine pani\u011fe kap\u0131lan <strong>\u0130ngilizlerin<\/strong> ate\u015fkes talebiyle ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"197\">G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerde T\u00fcrkiye&#8217;yi ba\u015far\u0131lar\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 <strong>\u0130smet Pa\u015fa<\/strong> temsil etmi\u015ftir. <strong>\u0130ngiltere, Fransa, \u0130talya<\/strong> bizzat kat\u0131l\u0131rken Yunanistan a\u00e7\u0131ktan gemide beklemi\u015ftir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"198\"><strong>Maddeleri:<\/strong><\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"199\">T\u00fcrk-Yunan silahl\u0131 \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 sona erecektir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"200\">Yunanlar <strong>Do\u011fu Trakya<\/strong>&#8216;y\u0131 15 g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde bo\u015faltacakt\u0131r. (Sava\u015f\u0131lmadan kurtar\u0131ld\u0131).<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"201\">Do\u011fu Trakya&#8217;n\u0131n g\u00fcvenli\u011fi i\u00e7in 8000 ki\u015filik T\u00fcrk jandarma birli\u011fi g\u00f6nderilecektir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"202\">Bar\u0131\u015f antla\u015fmas\u0131na kadar \u0130tilaf Devletleri Bo\u011fazlarda kalacakt\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"203\"><strong>Mudanya&#8217;n\u0131n \u00d6nemi:<\/strong><\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"204\">Mill\u00ee M\u00fccadele&#8217;nin askeri safhas\u0131 bitmi\u015f, diplomatik safhas\u0131 ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"205\"><strong>Do\u011fu Trakya, \u0130stanbul ve Bo\u011fazlar sava\u015f\u0131lmadan<\/strong> kurtar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"206\"><strong>\u00d6NEML\u0130:<\/strong> \u0130stanbul ve Bo\u011fazlar\u0131n idaresinin TBMM&#8217;ye b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131yla <strong>Osmanl\u0131 Devleti hukuken yok say\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\/sona ermi\u015ftir.<\/strong> (Fiilen biti\u015f: Mondros, Hukuken biti\u015f: Mudanya, Resmen biti\u015f: Saltanat\u0131n Kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131).<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"207\">\u0130ngiltere&#8217;de <strong>Lloyd George H\u00fck\u00fbmeti<\/strong> istifa etmi\u015ftir.<\/li><\/ul><\/section><section class=\"tk-kart\"><h2 id=\"tk-lozan-baris-antlasmasi-24-temmuz-1923\" data-tk-source=\"208\"><strong>LOZAN BARI\u015e ANTLA\u015eMASI (24 TEMMUZ 1923)<\/strong><\/h2><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"209\">\u0130tilaf Devletleri ikilik \u00e7\u0131karmak i\u00e7in konferansa hem <strong>TBMM<\/strong>&#8216;yi hem <strong>\u0130stanbul <\/strong><strong>H\u00fck\u00fbmeti<\/strong>&#8216;ni davet etmi\u015ftir. TBMM, <strong>1 Kas\u0131m 1922&#8217;de Saltanat\u0131 kald\u0131rarak<\/strong> bu oyunu bozmu\u015ftur.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"210\">T\u00fcrkiye&#8217;yi <strong>D\u0131\u015f \u0130\u015fleri Bakan\u0131<\/strong> yap\u0131lan <strong>\u0130smet Pa\u015fa<\/strong> heyeti temsil etmi\u015ftir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"211\"><strong>TBMM&#8217;nin Asla Taviz Verilmemesini \u0130stedi\u011fi Konular:<\/strong> <strong>Kapit\u00fclasyonlar<\/strong> ve <strong>Ermeni Yurdu<\/strong> meselesi.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"212\"><strong>Kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar:<\/strong> \u0130ngiltere, Fransa, \u0130talya, Japonya, Yunanistan, Romanya, Yugoslavya, ABD (g\u00f6zlemci). Bo\u011fazlar konusu i\u00e7in <strong>Sovyet Rusya<\/strong> ve <strong>Bulgaristan<\/strong>.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"213\"><strong>\u0130smet Pa\u015fa&#8217;n\u0131n \u00c7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131:<\/strong> <em>&#8220;\u00c7ok \u0131st\u0131rap \u00e7ektik, \u00e7ok kan ak\u0131tt\u0131k. B\u00fct\u00fcn medeni milletler gibi h\u00fcrriyet ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k istiyoruz.&#8221;<\/em><\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"214\">Uzla\u015fmazl\u0131klar (Bo\u011fazlar, Bor\u00e7lar, Kapit\u00fclasyonlar) y\u00fcz\u00fcnden 4 \u015eubat 1923&#8217;te g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeler kesilmi\u015f, heyetimiz yurda d\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"215\">Kesinti D\u00f6neminde: T\u00fcrk ordusu sava\u015fa haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f, <strong>\u0130zmir \u0130ktisat Kongresi<\/strong> toplanm\u0131\u015f (<strong>Misak-\u0131 \u0130ktisadi<\/strong> ile ekonomik ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k mesaj\u0131 verilmi\u015f), <strong>I. TBMM yenilenerek II. TBMM<\/strong> g\u00f6reve ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"216\">23 Nisan 1923&#8217;te g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeler tekrar ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f ve <strong>24 Temmuz 1923<\/strong>&#8216;te antla\u015fma imzalanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Onaylayan meclis II. TBMM&#8217;dir (23 A\u011fustos 1923).<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"217\"><strong>\u00d6nemli Maddeleri:<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><ol class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"218\"><strong>S\u0131n\u0131rlar:<\/strong><\/li><\/ol><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"219\"><strong>Yunanistan S\u0131n\u0131r\u0131:<\/strong> Meri\u00e7 Nehri s\u0131n\u0131r olacak. Bozcaada, G\u00f6k\u00e7eada ve Tav\u015fan Adas\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye&#8217;ye kalacak. T\u00fcrkiye&#8217;ye yak\u0131n adalar silahs\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131lacak.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"220\"><strong>Suriye S\u0131n\u0131r\u0131:<\/strong> Ankara Antla\u015fmas\u0131 (1921) aynen kabul edilecek (Hatay hari\u00e7).<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"221\"><strong>Irak S\u0131n\u0131r\u0131:<\/strong> <strong>Musul sorunu nedeniyle \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclemeyen tek s\u0131n\u0131rd\u0131r.<\/strong> \u0130ngiltere ile yap\u0131lacak ikili g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelere b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><\/ul><ol class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"222\"><strong>Bo\u011fazlar:<\/strong> T\u00fcrkiye ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaki (Ba\u015fkan Vas\u0131f Temel) <strong>Uluslararas\u0131 Bo\u011fazlar Komisyonu<\/strong> y\u00f6netecek. \u0130ki yakas\u0131 da askerden ar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131lacak. (Egemenli\u011fi zedeleyen maddedir).<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"223\"><strong>Kapit\u00fclasyonlar:<\/strong> <strong>Kesin olarak kald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/strong> (Ekonomik ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k).<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"224\"><strong>Bor\u00e7lar:<\/strong> Osmanl\u0131&#8217;dan ayr\u0131lan devletlere payla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lacak, T\u00fcrkiye kendi pay\u0131n\u0131 (ka\u011f\u0131t para veya Frans\u0131z Frang\u0131 ile) taksitlerle \u00f6deyecektir. (D\u00fcyun-u Umumiye idaresi kald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131).<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"225\"><strong>Az\u0131nl\u0131klar:<\/strong> Hepsi <strong>T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015f\u0131<\/strong> say\u0131larak ayr\u0131cal\u0131klar\u0131 kald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve kanunlar \u00f6n\u00fcnde e\u015fitlenmi\u015flerdir. (\u0130\u00e7 i\u015flerimize kar\u0131\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 engellenmi\u015ftir).<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"226\"><strong>N\u00fcfus M\u00fcbadelesi:<\/strong> \u0130stanbul&#8217;daki Rumlar (Etabli\/Yerle\u015fik) ile Bat\u0131 Trakya&#8217;daki T\u00fcrkler hari\u00e7 di\u011ferleri kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 yer de\u011fi\u015ftirecektir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"227\"><strong>Fener Rum Patrikhanesi:<\/strong> \u0130stanbul&#8217;da kalacak ancak <strong>Ek\u00fcmenik (evrensel\/siyasi)<\/strong> yetkileri al\u0131narak sadece dini i\u015flerle s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lacakt\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"228\"><strong>Sava\u015f Tazminat\u0131:<\/strong> Yunanistan sava\u015f su\u00e7u i\u015fledi\u011fini kabul etmi\u015f, <strong>Karaa\u011fa\u00e7<\/strong> ve \u00e7evresini T\u00fcrkiye&#8217;ye b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><\/ol><h3 id=\"tk-lozan-baris-antlasmasi-nin-onemi\" data-tk-source=\"229\"><strong>Lozan Bar\u0131\u015f Antla\u015fmas\u0131&#8217;n\u0131n \u00d6nemi:<\/strong><\/h3><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"230\">Yeni T\u00fcrk Devleti&#8217;nin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 t\u00fcm d\u00fcnya taraf\u0131ndan hukuken kabul edilmi\u015ftir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"231\"><strong>Sevr Antla\u015fmas\u0131<\/strong> \u00e7\u00f6pe at\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve tarihe kar\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"232\">I. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131&#8217;n\u0131 bitiren antla\u015fmalar i\u00e7inde <strong>g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde h\u00e2len ge\u00e7erlili\u011fini s\u00fcrd\u00fcren tek antla\u015fmad\u0131r.<\/strong><\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"233\"><strong>Misak\u0131mill\u00ee<\/strong> b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015f, tam ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"234\">Lozan&#8217;da aleyhte \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclen veya ertelenen konular (Bo\u011fazlar, Hatay, Musul vb.) Atat\u00fcrk d\u00f6nemi <strong>T\u00fcrk d\u0131\u015f politikas\u0131n\u0131n temel hedeflerini<\/strong> olu\u015fturmu\u015ftur (Bo\u011fazlar ve Hatay daha sonra lehimize \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr).<\/li><\/ul><p class=\"tk-paragraf\" data-tk-source=\"235\">&#8220;Bu ders notlar\u0131n\u0131n her hakk\u0131 sakl\u0131d\u0131r. Hangi ama\u00e7la olursa olsun, ders notlar\u0131n\u0131n tamam\u0131n\u0131n veya bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n <strong>www.tarihkursu.com<\/strong><strong> <\/strong>sitesinin yaz\u0131l\u0131 izni olmadan sosyal medyada ve internet ortam\u0131nda payla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131, kopya edilmesi, foto\u011fraf\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ekilmesi, herhangi bir yolla \u00e7o\u011falt\u0131lmas\u0131, yay\u0131mlanmas\u0131 ya da kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 yasakt\u0131r. Bu yasa\u011fa uymayanlar gerekli cezai sorumlulu\u011fu pe\u015finen kabullenmi\u015f say\u0131l\u0131r.&#8221;<\/p><p class=\"tk-paragraf\" data-tk-source=\"236\">Duyarl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z i\u00e7in te\u015fekk\u00fcr ederiz. \u0130yi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar<\/p><\/section><\/div><button class=\"tk-basa-don\" type=\"button\" aria-label=\"Ders notunun ba\u015f\u0131na d\u00f6n\" title=\"Ba\u015fa d\u00f6n\">\u2191<\/button><\/article>\n<script>\n(()=>{\"use strict\";document.querySelectorAll(\".tk-ders-notu\").forEach((root)=>{if(root.dataset.tkReady===\"true\")return;root.dataset.tkReady=\"true\";const toc=root.querySelector(\".tk-icindekiler\"),bar=root.querySelector(\".tk-ilerleme-cubugu\"),topButton=root.querySelector(\".tk-basa-don\"),headings=[...root.querySelectorAll(\"h2[id],h3[id]\")],links=[...root.querySelectorAll('.tk-icindekiler a[href^=\"#\"]')];const go=(target)=>{if(target)target.scrollIntoView({behavior:\"smooth\",block:\"start\"});};root.querySelector(\".tk-yazdir\")?.addEventListener(\"click\",()=>window.print());root.querySelector(\".tk-ice-git\")?.addEventListener(\"click\",()=>go(toc));topButton?.addEventListener(\"click\",()=>go(root));links.forEach((link)=>link.addEventListener(\"click\",(event)=>{const id=link.getAttribute(\"href\").slice(1),target=root.querySelector(`#${CSS.escape(id)}`);if(target){event.preventDefault();go(target);history.replaceState(null,\"\",`#${id}`);}}));let ticking=false;const update=()=>{const rect=root.getBoundingClientRect(),view=window.innerHeight||document.documentElement.clientHeight,total=Math.max(root.scrollHeight-view,1),passed=Math.min(Math.max(-rect.top,0),total),percent=Math.round(passed\/total*100);if(bar){bar.style.width=`${percent}%`;bar.parentElement?.setAttribute(\"aria-valuenow\",String(percent));}topButton?.classList.toggle(\"tk-gorunur\",window.scrollY>420);let active=headings[0]?.id||\"\";headings.forEach((heading)=>{if(heading.getBoundingClientRect().top<=Math.max(130,view*.28))active=heading.id;});links.forEach((link)=>{const current=link.getAttribute(\"href\")===`#${active}`;link.classList.toggle(\"tk-etkin\",current);if(current)link.setAttribute(\"aria-current\",\"location\");else link.removeAttribute(\"aria-current\");});ticking=false;};const requestUpdate=()=>{if(!ticking){ticking=true;requestAnimationFrame(update);}};window.addEventListener(\"scroll\",requestUpdate,{passive:true});window.addEventListener(\"resize\",requestUpdate,{passive:true});update();});})();\n<\/script>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<div class=\"mh-excerpt\"><p>Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131 Cepheleri ders notu; Mill\u00ee M\u00fccadele\u2019de Do\u011fu, G\u00fcney ve Bat\u0131 cepheleri, G\u00fcmr\u00fc Antla\u015fmas\u0131, Mara\u015f, Urfa ve Antep savunmalar\u0131, d\u00fczenli ordunun kurulmas\u0131, I. \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc Muharebesi <a class=\"mh-excerpt-more\" href=\"https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/index.php\/2026\/08\/01\/kurtulus-savasi\/\" title=\"Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131 Cepheleri KPSS Tarih Ders Notlar\u0131\">[&#8230;]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":3459,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_regular_price":[],"currency_symbol":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[349],"tags":[345],"class_list":["post-3436","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kpss-tarih","tag-kpss-tarih"],"post_slider_layout_featured_media_urls":{"thumbnail":["https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/SITE-KAPAK-150x150.png",150,150,true],"post_slider_layout_landscape_large":["https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/SITE-KAPAK-1200x800.png",1200,800,true],"post_slider_layout_portrait_large":["https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/SITE-KAPAK-1200x810.png",1200,810,true],"post_slider_layout_square_large":["https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/SITE-KAPAK-1200x810.png",1200,810,true],"post_slider_layout_landscape":["https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/SITE-KAPAK-600x400.png",600,400,true],"post_slider_layout_portrait":["https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/SITE-KAPAK-600x810.png",600,810,true],"post_slider_layout_square":["https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/SITE-KAPAK-600x600.png",600,600,true],"full":["https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/SITE-KAPAK.png",1440,810,false]},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131 Cepheleri KPSS Tarih Ders Notlar\u0131 - tarihkursu.com<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131 kpss ders notlar\u0131 sizleri EKPSS, KPSS, MEB AGS ve \u00d6ABT s\u0131navlar\u0131na haz\u0131rlayacakt\u0131r. 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