{"id":3438,"date":"2026-08-01T11:24:58","date_gmt":"2026-08-01T08:24:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/?p=3438"},"modified":"2026-08-01T11:29:54","modified_gmt":"2026-08-01T08:29:54","slug":"cumhuriyet-donemi-ic-dis-politika-kpss-tarih-notlari","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/index.php\/2026\/08\/01\/cumhuriyet-donemi-ic-dis-politika-kpss-tarih-notlari\/","title":{"rendered":"Cumhuriyet D\u00f6nemi \u0130\u00e7-D\u0131\u015f Politika KPSS Tarih Notlar\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Cumhuriyet D\u00f6nemi \u0130\u00e7-D\u0131\u015f Politika <\/strong>ders notunda I. ve II. Meclis, \u00e7ok partili hayata ge\u00e7i\u015f denemeleri, Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi, Terakkiperver ve Serbest Cumhuriyet f\u0131rkalar\u0131, Menemen Olay\u0131; ayr\u0131ca T\u00fcrk d\u0131\u015f politikas\u0131n\u0131n temel ilkeleri, Musul, m\u00fcbadele, Milletler Cemiyeti, Balkan Antant\u0131, Montr\u00f6, Sadabat Pakt\u0131 ve Hatay konular\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r. KPSS tarih s\u0131nav\u0131 i\u00e7in haz\u0131rlanan bu KPSS tarih ders notlar\u0131, ders \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131z\u0131 \u00e7ok kolayla\u015ft\u0131racakt\u0131r. Online KPSS tarih ders \u00f6zetlerimiz sizleri <strong>KPSS tarih <\/strong>, <strong>MEB AGS ve \u00d6ABT <\/strong>ve <strong>EKPSS<\/strong> s\u0131navlar\u0131na haz\u0131rlamay\u0131 ama\u00e7lamaktad\u0131r.  Bu tarih ders notlar\u0131 <strong>KPSS \u00f6zet ders notlar\u0131 <\/strong>arayan \u00f6\u011frenciler i\u00e7in kapsaml\u0131 bir tekrar kayna\u011f\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<style>\n.tk-ders-notu{--tk-lacivert:#12355b;--tk-turkuaz:#087f8c;--tk-bordo:#8b1e3f;--tk-altin:#d69e2e;--tk-acik-mavi:#eef6ff;--tk-acik-turkuaz:#ecfbfa;--tk-acik-sari:#fff8dc;--tk-metin:#243447;--tk-cizgi:#c8d7e6;position:relative;width:100%;max-width:1100px;min-width:0;margin:0 auto;padding:clamp(12px,2.4vw,28px);box-sizing:border-box;color:var(--tk-metin);font:400 17px\/1.72 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,\"Segoe UI\",Arial,sans-serif;overflow-wrap:anywhere;word-wrap:break-word;hyphens:auto;background:#f7fafc;border-radius:18px}\n.tk-ders-notu *,.tk-ders-notu *::before,.tk-ders-notu *::after{box-sizing:border-box;min-width:0}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-ilerleme{position:fixed;z-index:9998;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:5px;background:rgba(18,53,91,.12);pointer-events:none}\n.tk-ders-notu 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tr{padding:7px;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--tk-cizgi);border-top:5px solid var(--tk-turkuaz);border-radius:11px;box-shadow:0 5px 16px rgba(18,53,91,.07)}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-tablo.tk-cok-sutun td{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(92px,36%) minmax(0,1fr);gap:10px;padding:10px 8px;border:0;border-bottom:1px dashed var(--tk-cizgi);background:#fff;color:var(--tk-metin);font-weight:400}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-tablo.tk-cok-sutun td:last-child{border-bottom:0}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-tablo.tk-cok-sutun td::before{content:attr(data-label);color:var(--tk-bordo);font-weight:800;overflow-wrap:anywhere}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-basa-don{right:10px;bottom:10px;width:44px;height:44px;line-height:44px}\n}\n@media (max-width:375px){\n.tk-ders-notu{font-size:15.5px}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-dugme{width:100%;text-align:center}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-tablo th,.tk-ders-notu .tk-tablo td{padding:9px 6px;font-size:15px}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-tablo.tk-cok-sutun td{grid-template-columns:minmax(82px,34%) minmax(0,1fr);gap:8px}\n}\n@media print{\n.tk-ders-notu{max-width:none;margin:0;padding:0;background:#fff;color:#000;font-size:11pt;box-shadow:none}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-ilerleme,.tk-ders-notu .tk-kontroller,.tk-ders-notu .tk-basa-don{display:none!important}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-ust{padding:0 0 14pt;background:#fff!important;color:#000;box-shadow:none}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-ana-baslik{color:#000;border-bottom:2pt solid #000}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-icindekiler{border:1pt solid #777;background:#fff;color:#000}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-icindekiler-listesi a{color:#000}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-kart{break-inside:auto;margin:0 0 14pt;padding:0;border:0;box-shadow:none}\n.tk-ders-notu h2,.tk-ders-notu h3{break-after:avoid;color:#000}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-tablo{break-inside:auto}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-tablo tr{break-inside:avoid}\n.tk-ders-notu a{text-decoration:none;color:#000}\n}\n<\/style>\n<article class=\"tk-ders-notu\" id=\"tk-ders-cumhuriyet-donemi-ic-dis-politika\" lang=\"tr\" data-tk-ready=\"false\"><div class=\"tk-ilerleme\" role=\"progressbar\" aria-label=\"Okuma ilerlemesi\" aria-valuemin=\"0\" aria-valuemax=\"100\" aria-valuenow=\"0\"><span class=\"tk-ilerleme-cubugu\"><\/span><\/div><header class=\"tk-ust\" id=\"tk-ders-baslangici\"><p class=\"tk-ana-baslik\" data-tk-source=\"1\"><strong>CUMHUR\u0130YET D\u00d6NEM\u0130 \u0130\u00c7-DI\u015e POL\u0130T\u0130KA<\/strong><\/p><div class=\"tk-kontroller\"><button class=\"tk-dugme tk-yazdir\" type=\"button\" aria-label=\"Ders notunu yazd\u0131r\">Yazd\u0131r<\/button><button class=\"tk-dugme tk-ice-git\" type=\"button\" aria-label=\"\u0130\u00e7indekiler b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne git\">\u0130\u00e7indekilere Git<\/button><\/div><nav class=\"tk-icindekiler\" id=\"tk-icindekiler-cumhuriyet-donemi-ic-dis-politika\" aria-label=\"Ders notu i\u00e7indekiler\"><p class=\"tk-icindekiler-baslik\">\u0130\u00e7indekiler<\/p><ul class=\"tk-icindekiler-listesi\"><li class=\"tk-ana-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-i-meclis-ve-ii-meclis\">I. MECL\u0130S VE II. MECL\u0130S<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-ana-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-cok-partili-hayata-gecis-denemeleri-ve-karsilasilan-tepkiler\">\u00c7OK PART\u0130L\u0130 HAYATA GE\u00c7\u0130\u015e DENEMELER\u0130 VE KAR\u015eILA\u015eILAN TEPK\u0130LER<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-alt-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-cumhuriyet-halk-partisi-9-eylul-1923\">Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi (9 Eyl\u00fcl 1923)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-alt-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-terakkiperver-ilerici-cumhuriyet-firkasi-17-kasim-1924\">Terakkiperver (\u0130lerici) Cumhuriyet F\u0131rkas\u0131 (17 Kas\u0131m 1924)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-alt-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-mustafa-kemal-e-suikast-girisimi-15-haziran-1926\">Mustafa Kemal\u2019e Suikast Giri\u015fimi (15 Haziran 1926)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-alt-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-serbest-cumhuriyet-firkasi-12-agustos-1930\">Serbest Cumhuriyet F\u0131rkas\u0131 (12 A\u011fustos 1930)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-alt-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-menemen-kubilay-olayi-23-aralik-1930\">Menemen (Kubilay) Olay\u0131 (23 Aral\u0131k 1930)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-ana-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-cumhuriyetin-ilk-yillarinda-kurulan-siyasi-partilerin-karsilastirmasi\">CUMHUR\u0130YET\u0130N \u0130LK YILLARINDA KURULAN S\u0130YAS\u0130 PART\u0130LER\u0130N KAR\u015eILA\u015eTIRMASI<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-ana-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-cumhuriyet-donemi-dis-politika\">CUMHUR\u0130YET D\u00d6NEM\u0130 DI\u015e POL\u0130T\u0130KA<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-ana-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-turk-dis-politikasinin-temel-ilkeleri\">T\u00dcRK DI\u015e POL\u0130T\u0130KASININ TEMEL \u0130LKELER\u0130<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-ana-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-dis-politikada-yasanan-gelismeler\">DI\u015e POL\u0130T\u0130KADA YA\u015eANAN GEL\u0130\u015eMELER<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-alt-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-yabanci-okullar-sorunu\">Yabanc\u0131 Okullar Sorunu<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-alt-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-dis-borclar-sorunu\">D\u0131\u015f Bor\u00e7lar Sorunu<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-alt-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-musul-sorunu-irak-siniri\">Musul Sorunu (Irak S\u0131n\u0131r\u0131)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-alt-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-nufus-mubadelesi-etabli-sorunu\">N\u00fcfus M\u00fcbadelesi (Etabli) Sorunu<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-alt-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-turkiye-nin-milletler-cemiyetine-katilmasi-18-temmuz-1932\">T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Milletler Cemiyetine Kat\u0131lmas\u0131 (18 Temmuz 1932)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-alt-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-balkan-antanti-9-subat-1934\">Balkan Antant\u0131 (9 \u015eubat 1934)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-alt-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-montro-montreux-bogazlar-sozlesmesi-20-temmuz-1936\">Montr\u00f6 (Montreux) Bo\u011fazlar S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi (20 Temmuz 1936)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-alt-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-sadabat-pakti-8-temmuz-1937\">Sadabat Pakt\u0131 (8 Temmuz 1937)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-alt-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-hatay-sorunu-ve-hatay-in-ana-vatana-katilmasi-1939\">Hatay Sorunu ve Hatay\u2019\u0131n Ana Vatana Kat\u0131lmas\u0131 (1939)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/header><div class=\"tk-icerik\"><section class=\"tk-kart tk-kart-ilk\"><\/section><section class=\"tk-kart\"><h2 id=\"tk-i-meclis-ve-ii-meclis\" data-tk-source=\"2\"><strong>I. MECL\u0130S VE II. MECL\u0130S<\/strong><\/h2><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"3\"><strong>23 Nisan 1920<\/strong> tarihinde kurulan <strong>I. TBMM<\/strong>, g\u00fc\u00e7 \u015fartlar alt\u0131nda hem millet egemenli\u011fini sa\u011flam\u0131\u015f hem de <strong>Mill\u00ee M\u00fccadele<\/strong>&#8216;yi y\u00f6netmi\u015ftir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"4\">Herkesin ortak amac\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131 yurttan atmak ve yurtta tam ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sa\u011flamakt\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"5\"><strong>23 Nisan <\/strong><strong>1920 &#8211;<\/strong><strong> 1 Nisan 1923<\/strong> tarihleri aras\u0131nda g\u00f6rev yapan <strong>I. Meclis<\/strong>\u2019te toplumun her kesiminden, de\u011fi\u015fik g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flere sahip milletvekilleri bulunmu\u015ftur. Bu meclis, sava\u015f meclisi olmas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131nda yeni bir devlet kurdu\u011fu i\u00e7in <strong>Kurucu Meclis<\/strong> ve ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc yetkilere sahip oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in <strong>\u0130htilalci Meclis<\/strong> \u00f6zelliklerini ta\u015f\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"6\">Ya\u015fanan baz\u0131 geli\u015fmeler, mecliste bir\u00e7ok farkl\u0131 grubun olu\u015fmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015f, esasen milletvekilleri <strong>1. Grup<\/strong> (Mustafa Kemal yanl\u0131lar\u0131) ve <strong>2. Grup<\/strong> (Muhalifler) olmak \u00fczere iki ana gruba ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"7\"><strong>1923<\/strong>\u2019te yap\u0131lan se\u00e7imlerde \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu, <strong>Mustafa Kemal<\/strong>\u2019in kurdu\u011fu <strong>1. Grup<\/strong> elde etmi\u015ftir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"8\"><strong>11 A\u011fustos 1923<\/strong>\u2019te toplanan <strong>II. Meclis<\/strong>, <strong>\u0130nk\u0131lap\u00e7\u0131 Meclis<\/strong> olarak bilinir ve ilk faaliyetlerinden biri <strong>23 A\u011fustos 1923<\/strong>\u2019te <strong>Lozan Bar\u0131\u015f Antla\u015fmas\u0131<\/strong>\u2019n\u0131 onaylamak olmu\u015ftur.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"9\">B\u00f6ylece tarihsel s\u00fcre\u00e7 i\u00e7inde <strong>Mill\u00ee M\u00fccadele<\/strong>\u2019yi y\u00fcr\u00fcten <strong>I. TBMM<\/strong> g\u00f6revini tamamlam\u0131\u015f, yerine ge\u00e7en <strong>II. TBMM<\/strong>, yeni kurulan <strong>T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti<\/strong>\u2019nin mill\u00ee ve laik yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lendirecek ink\u0131laplar\u0131n yasal zeminini haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><\/ul><\/section><section class=\"tk-kart\"><h2 id=\"tk-cok-partili-hayata-gecis-denemeleri-ve-karsilasilan-tepkiler\" data-tk-source=\"10\"><strong>\u00c7OK PART\u0130L\u0130 HAYATA GE\u00c7\u0130\u015e DENEMELER\u0130 VE KAR\u015eILA\u015eILAN TEPK\u0130LER<\/strong><\/h2><h3 id=\"tk-cumhuriyet-halk-partisi-9-eylul-1923\" data-tk-source=\"11\"><strong>Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi (9 Eyl\u00fcl 1923)<\/strong><\/h3><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"12\"><strong>Mill\u00ee M\u00fccadele<\/strong>\u2019nin kazan\u0131lmas\u0131ndan sonra <strong>Mustafa Kemal<\/strong>, ink\u0131laplar\u0131 yapabilmek i\u00e7in uyum i\u00e7inde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fabilece\u011fi bir kadroya ihtiya\u00e7 duymu\u015f ve <strong>Anadolu ve Rumeli M\u00fcdafaa-i Hukuk Cemiyeti<\/strong>&#8216;ni siyasi bir partiye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"13\">Partinin temeli, dokuz temel ilkeden olu\u015fan <strong>Dokuz Umde<\/strong> kararlar\u0131na dayanmaktad\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"14\">Parti, herhangi bir toplumsal s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n de\u011fil, b\u00fct\u00fcn halk\u0131n partisi olmay\u0131 ama\u00e7 edinerek <strong>9 Eyl\u00fcl 1923<\/strong>\u2019te <strong>Halk F\u0131rkas\u0131<\/strong> ad\u0131yla kurulmu\u015ftur. Bu y\u00f6n\u00fcyle T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti&#8217;nin <strong>ilk siyasi partisidir<\/strong>.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"15\">Cumhuriyet\u2019in ilan edilmesinden sonra <strong>10 Kas\u0131m 1924<\/strong>\u2019te partinin ad\u0131 <strong>Cumhuriyet Halk F\u0131rkas\u0131<\/strong> olarak de\u011fi\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"16\"><strong>1950<\/strong> y\u0131l\u0131nda <strong>Demokrat Parti<\/strong> iktidara gelinceye kadar \u00fclkeyi tek ba\u015f\u0131na y\u00f6neten <strong>Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi<\/strong>, Cumhuriyet d\u00f6nemi ink\u0131laplar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmi\u015ftir.<\/li><\/ul><h3 id=\"tk-terakkiperver-ilerici-cumhuriyet-firkasi-17-kasim-1924\" data-tk-source=\"17\"><strong>Terakkiperver (\u0130lerici) Cumhuriyet F\u0131rkas\u0131 (17 Kas\u0131m 1924)<\/strong><\/h3><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"18\">Devletin ve toplumun alaca\u011f\u0131 \u015fekil konusunda <strong>Halk F\u0131rkas\u0131<\/strong> i\u00e7inde ba\u015flayan muhalefet, en \u00e7ok <strong>devlet\u00e7ilik<\/strong> ve ink\u0131laplar\u0131n uygulanma h\u0131z\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"19\">Mill\u00ee M\u00fccadele\u2019nin lider kadrosundan; <strong>K\u00e2z\u0131m Karabekir<\/strong>, <strong>Rauf Orbay<\/strong>, <strong>Dr. Adnan Ad\u0131var<\/strong>, <strong>Refet Bele<\/strong> ve <strong>Ali Fuat Cebesoy<\/strong> partiden istifa ederek <strong>17 <\/strong><strong>Kas\u0131m 1924<\/strong>\u2019te <strong>Terakkiperver Cumhuriyet <\/strong><strong>F\u0131rkas\u0131<\/strong>&#8216;n\u0131 kurmu\u015flard\u0131r. (Kurucular YKS\/KPSS&#8217;de <strong>KARAR<\/strong> \u015fifresiyle kodlanabilir).<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"20\">T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti&#8217;nin <strong>ilk muhalefet partisidir<\/strong>.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"21\">Partinin kurulmas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda <strong>Mustafa Kemal<\/strong>\u2019in iste\u011fiyle \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan bir yasayla, askerlik mesle\u011fini yapanlar\u0131n milletvekili olmalar\u0131 yasaklanarak ordu siyaset d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"22\">Parti t\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde <strong>cumhuriyet<\/strong> ilkesi, ekonomide <strong>liberalizm<\/strong> ve siyasette <strong>demokrasi<\/strong> benimsenmi\u015ftir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"23\">T\u00fcz\u00fckte yer alan &#8220;Parti din\u00ee inan\u00e7lara sayg\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r&#8221; maddesi, k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede cumhuriyet ve laiklik kar\u015f\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131n bu partide toplanmas\u0131na neden olmu\u015ftur.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"24\">Cumhuriyet rejimine kar\u015f\u0131 do\u011fu illerinde patlak veren <strong>\u015eeyh Said \u0130syan\u0131<\/strong> (13 \u015eubat 1925) sonras\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan <strong>Takrir-i S\u00fck\u00fbn Kanunu<\/strong>&#8216;na dayan\u0131larak, isyanda rol\u00fc oldu\u011fu gerek\u00e7esiyle parti kapat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (<strong>3 Haziran 1925<\/strong>). B\u00f6lgede <strong>\u0130stiklal Mahkemeleri<\/strong> kurulmu\u015ftur.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"25\">B\u00f6ylece \u00e7ok partili hayat\u0131 deneme \u00e7abalar\u0131 ilk kez kesintiye u\u011fram\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><\/ul><h3 id=\"tk-mustafa-kemal-e-suikast-girisimi-15-haziran-1926\" data-tk-source=\"26\"><strong>Mustafa Kemal\u2019e Suikast Giri\u015fimi (15 Haziran 1926)<\/strong><\/h3><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"27\"><strong>Terakkiperver Cumhuriyet <\/strong><strong>F\u0131rkas\u0131<\/strong>&#8216;n\u0131n kapat\u0131lmas\u0131ndan sonra, eski <strong>\u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lar<\/strong> ve yenilik kar\u015f\u0131tlar\u0131 ama\u00e7lar\u0131na ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in <strong>Mustafa Kemal<\/strong>\u2019e \u0130zmir gezisi s\u0131ras\u0131nda suikast planlam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"28\"><strong>Gazi Mustafa Kemal Pa\u015fa<\/strong>\u2019n\u0131n \u0130zmir\u2019e geli\u015finin bir g\u00fcn gecikmesi planlar\u0131 bozmu\u015ftur.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"29\">Suikast\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 sak\u0131z adas\u0131na ka\u00e7\u0131racak olan motorcu <strong>Giritli \u015eevki<\/strong>\u2019nin durumu \u0130zmir valisine ihbar etmesiyle suikast\u00e7\u0131lar yakalanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"30\">Suikast\u00e7\u0131lar <strong>\u0130stiklal Mahkemeleri<\/strong>&#8216;nde yarg\u0131lanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. (Bu olay, \u0130stiklal Mahkemelerinin g\u00f6rev yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 <strong>son<\/strong> olayd\u0131r).<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"31\"><strong>Mustafa Kemal<\/strong> bu olay \u00fczerine YKS\/KPSS&#8217;de s\u0131k\u00e7a sorulan \u015fu tarihi s\u00f6z\u00fc s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftir: &#8220;Benim na\u00e7iz v\u00fccudum elbet bir g\u00fcn toprak olacakt\u0131r ancak T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti ilelebet payidar kalacakt\u0131r.&#8221;<\/li><\/ul><h3 id=\"tk-serbest-cumhuriyet-firkasi-12-agustos-1930\" data-tk-source=\"32\"><strong>Serbest Cumhuriyet F\u0131rkas\u0131 (12 A\u011fustos 1930)<\/strong><\/h3><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"33\"><strong>1929 D\u00fcnya Ekonomik Krizi<\/strong>&#8216;nin yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 olumsuz \u015fartlar mecliste yeni bir sese ihtiya\u00e7 do\u011furmu\u015f, \u00e7ok partili ya\u015fama ge\u00e7i\u015f i\u00e7in ikinci ad\u0131m olarak <strong>Serbest Cumhuriyet F\u0131rkas\u0131<\/strong> kurulmu\u015ftur.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"34\"><strong>Mustafa Kemal<\/strong>, yak\u0131n arkada\u015f\u0131 <strong>Fethi Okyar<\/strong>&#8216;\u0131 yeni bir parti kurmaya bizzat ikna etmi\u015f ve tarafs\u0131z kalaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmi\u015ftir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"35\">Cumhuriyet d\u00f6neminin <strong>ikinci muhalefet partisi<\/strong> olarak <strong>12 A\u011fustos 1930<\/strong>\u2019da \u0130stanbul\u2019da kurulmu\u015ftur.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"36\">Partinin kurucular\u0131 cumhuriyete ve laikli\u011fe ba\u011fl\u0131 ki\u015filer olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, parti mitinglerinde (\u00f6zellikle \u0130zmir mitinginde) rejim kar\u015f\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131n partiye s\u0131zd\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"37\">Geli\u015fmelerden endi\u015fe duyan <strong>Fethi Okyar<\/strong>, rejime zarar vermemek ad\u0131na <strong>17 Kas\u0131m 1930<\/strong>\u2019da partiyi kendi karar\u0131yla feshetmi\u015ftir. (Parti devlet taraf\u0131ndan kapat\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f, kurucusu taraf\u0131ndan feshedilmi\u015ftir).<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"38\">Bu olay\u0131n hemen ard\u0131ndan ya\u015fanan <strong>Menemen Olay\u0131<\/strong> ve <strong>II. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131<\/strong> tehlikesinin belirmesi nedeniyle <strong>Atat\u00fcrk<\/strong> d\u00f6neminde bir daha \u00e7ok partili hayata ge\u00e7i\u015f denemesi yap\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><\/ul><h3 id=\"tk-menemen-kubilay-olayi-23-aralik-1930\" data-tk-source=\"39\"><strong>Menemen (Kubilay) Olay\u0131 (23 Aral\u0131k 1930)<\/strong><\/h3><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"40\"><strong>Serbest Cumhuriyet <\/strong><strong>F\u0131rkas\u0131<\/strong>&#8216;n\u0131n kapanmas\u0131ndan k\u0131sa s\u00fcre sonra \u0130zmir&#8217;in Menemen il\u00e7esinde \u00e7\u0131kan, cumhuriyet ve laiklik kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 <strong>ikinci b\u00fcy\u00fck isyand\u0131r<\/strong>.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"41\">\u0130syan\u0131 bast\u0131rmak isteyen <strong>\u00d6\u011fretmen Aste\u011fmen Mustafa Fehmi Kubilay<\/strong> \u015fehit edilmi\u015ftir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"42\">\u0130syanc\u0131lar, \u015eeyh Said isyan\u0131ndan farkl\u0131 olarak \u0130stiklal Mahkemelerinde de\u011fil, <strong>Divan-\u0131 <\/strong><strong>Harp<\/strong>&#8216;te (askeri mahkeme) yarg\u0131lanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><\/ul><\/section><section class=\"tk-kart\"><h2 id=\"tk-cumhuriyetin-ilk-yillarinda-kurulan-siyasi-partilerin-karsilastirmasi\" data-tk-source=\"43\"><strong>CUMHUR\u0130YET\u0130N \u0130LK YILLARINDA KURULAN S\u0130YAS\u0130 PART\u0130LER\u0130N KAR\u015eILA\u015eTIRMASI<\/strong><\/h2><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"44\"><strong>Cumhuriyet Halk F\u0131rkas\u0131:<\/strong> Kurucusu <strong>Mustafa Kemal<\/strong>&#8216;dir. Ekonomide <strong>devlet\u00e7ilik<\/strong> modelini savunmu\u015ftur. Se\u00e7imlerde <strong>iki dereceli<\/strong> sistemi benimsemi\u015ftir. Cumhuriyet\u00e7ilik, laiklik ve devrimlerin h\u0131zl\u0131, k\u00f6kl\u00fc yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 savunur.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"45\"><strong>Terakkiperver Cumhuriyet F\u0131rkas\u0131:<\/strong> Kurucusu <strong>K\u00e2z\u0131m Karabekir<\/strong>&#8216;dir. Ekonomide <strong>liberal<\/strong> (serbest piyasa) modeli savunmu\u015ftur. Se\u00e7imlerde <strong>tek dereceli<\/strong> sistemi benimsemi\u015ftir. Cumhuriyet\u00e7ilik ilkesine ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r, ancak ink\u0131laplar\u0131n zamana yay\u0131larak yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 ve cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 se\u00e7ilen ki\u015finin partisinden istifa etmesi gerekti\u011fini savunmu\u015ftur.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"46\"><strong>Serbest Cumhuriyet F\u0131rkas\u0131:<\/strong> Kurucusu <strong>Fethi Okyar<\/strong>&#8216;d\u0131r. Ekonomide <strong>liberal<\/strong> modeli savunmu\u015ftur. Se\u00e7imlerde <strong>tek dereceli<\/strong> sistemi benimsemi\u015f, ayr\u0131ca kad\u0131nlara siyasi haklar verilmesini ve vergilerin yeniden d\u00fczenlenmesini savunmu\u015ftur.<\/li><\/ul><\/section><section class=\"tk-kart\"><h2 id=\"tk-cumhuriyet-donemi-dis-politika\" data-tk-source=\"47\"><strong>CUMHUR\u0130YET D\u00d6NEM\u0130 DI\u015e POL\u0130T\u0130KA<\/strong><\/h2><\/section><section class=\"tk-kart\"><h2 id=\"tk-turk-dis-politikasinin-temel-ilkeleri\" data-tk-source=\"48\"><strong>T\u00dcRK DI\u015e POL\u0130T\u0130KASININ TEMEL \u0130LKELER\u0130<\/strong><\/h2><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"49\"><strong>Atat\u00fcrk<\/strong>, d\u0131\u015f politikay\u0131 \u201cmill\u00ee politika\u201d olarak adland\u0131rm\u0131\u015f ve milletin yarar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6zeten temellere dayand\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu ilkeler \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"50\"><strong>Tam Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k:<\/strong> Siyasi, asker\u00ee ve ekonomik alanlarda (Kapit\u00fclasyonlar\u0131n ve D\u00fcy\u00fbn-\u0131 Um\u00fbmiye&#8217;nin kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gibi) mill\u00ee iradeyle hareket etmektir. &#8220;Ya istiklal ya \u00f6l\u00fcm&#8221; parolas\u0131 bunun kan\u0131t\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"51\"><strong>Ger\u00e7ek\u00e7ilik:<\/strong> D\u0131\u015f politikada ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmeyecek hayaller (Turanc\u0131l\u0131k veya \u00dcmmet\u00e7ilik gibi) pe\u015finde ko\u015fmak yerine mevcut \u015fartlar\u0131n gereklerine g\u00f6re hareket etmektir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"52\"><strong>Ak\u0131lc\u0131l\u0131k:<\/strong> Geli\u015fmeleri bilimin ve akl\u0131n rehberli\u011finde iyi analiz ederek, de\u011fi\u015fen \u015fartlara g\u00f6re T\u00fcrkiye lehine ad\u0131mlar atmakt\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"53\"><strong>M\u00fctekabiliyet (Kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131k):<\/strong> Devletler aras\u0131 ili\u015fkilerde e\u015fitlik esas\u0131na dayan\u0131r. Dost\u00e7a yakla\u015fana dost\u00e7a, d\u00fc\u015fmanca tav\u0131r sergileyene ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k vermektir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"54\"><strong>Mill\u00ee Menfaatleri Esas Alma:<\/strong> S\u00fcrekli dostluklar veya d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131klar yerine, \u00fclke \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131n gerektirdi\u011fi \u015fekilde rasyonel ittifaklar kurmakt\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"55\"><strong>Bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k:<\/strong> &#8220;Yurtta sulh, cihanda sulh&#8221; anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131yla, yay\u0131lmac\u0131 politikalar\u0131 reddedip sorunlar\u0131n diplomasi ve hukuk yoluyla \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmesini savunmakt\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"56\"><strong>T\u00fcrk ve D\u00fcnya Kamuoyunu Dikkate Alma:<\/strong> Kararlar\u0131n, g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc milletten almas\u0131 ve d\u00fcnyadaki siyasi dengelerin yak\u0131ndan takip edilmesidir.<\/li><\/ul><\/section><section class=\"tk-kart\"><h2 id=\"tk-dis-politikada-yasanan-gelismeler\" data-tk-source=\"57\"><strong>DI\u015e POL\u0130T\u0130KADA YA\u015eANAN GEL\u0130\u015eMELER<\/strong><\/h2><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"58\"><strong>Atat\u00fcrk<\/strong> d\u00f6nemi T\u00fcrk d\u0131\u015f politikas\u0131 iki ana d\u00f6neme ayr\u0131l\u0131r:<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"59\"><strong>1923-1930 Aras\u0131:<\/strong> Lozan&#8217;dan kalan sorunlar\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmesi (Bor\u00e7lar, N\u00fcfus M\u00fcbadelesi, Yabanc\u0131 Okullar, Musul).<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"60\"><strong>1930-1938 Aras\u0131:<\/strong> \u0130talya ve Almanya&#8217;n\u0131n yay\u0131lmac\u0131 politikalar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131r g\u00fcvenliklerinin sa\u011flanmas\u0131 ve b\u00f6lgesel bar\u0131\u015f\u0131n korunmas\u0131.<\/li><\/ul><h3 id=\"tk-yabanci-okullar-sorunu\" data-tk-source=\"61\"><strong>Yabanc\u0131 Okullar Sorunu<\/strong><\/h3><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"62\"><strong>Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131<\/strong>&#8216;nda yabanc\u0131 okullar\u0131n T\u00fcrk kanunlar\u0131na uymas\u0131 kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"63\"><strong>3 Mart 1924<\/strong>&#8216;te \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan <strong>Tevhid<\/strong><strong>-i Tedrisat Kanunu<\/strong> ile t\u00fcm okullar <strong>Mill\u00ee E\u011fitim Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na (MEB)<\/strong> ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"64\">Al\u0131nan kararla yabanc\u0131 okullarda T\u00fcrk\u00e7e, Tarih ve Co\u011frafya derslerinin T\u00fcrk \u00f6\u011fretmenler taraf\u0131ndan okutulmas\u0131 ve okullar\u0131n T\u00fcrk m\u00fcfetti\u015flerce denetlenmesi zorunlu k\u0131l\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"65\">Bu durum \u00f6zellikle <strong>Fransa<\/strong> ve <strong>Papal\u0131k<\/strong> ile b\u00fcy\u00fck kriz yaratm\u0131\u015f, ancak T\u00fcrkiye bu konuyu &#8220;i\u00e7 meselesi&#8221; sayarak d\u0131\u015f devletlerle uluslararas\u0131 arenada g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeyi kesinlikle reddetmi\u015ftir. Kurallara uymayan okullar kapat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><\/ul><h3 id=\"tk-dis-borclar-sorunu\" data-tk-source=\"66\"><strong>D\u0131\u015f Bor\u00e7lar Sorunu<\/strong><\/h3><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"67\">Osmanl\u0131 Devleti ilk d\u0131\u015f borcunu <strong>1854 K\u0131r\u0131m Sava\u015f\u0131<\/strong> s\u0131ras\u0131nda alm\u0131\u015f, \u00f6deyemeyince <strong>D\u00fcy\u00fbn<\/strong><strong>-\u0131 <\/strong><strong>Um\u00fbmiye<\/strong><strong> (Genel Bor\u00e7lar \u0130daresi)<\/strong> kurularak mali ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kaybetmi\u015ftir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"68\"><strong>Lozan Bar\u0131\u015f Antla\u015fmas\u0131<\/strong> ile Osmanl\u0131 bor\u00e7lar\u0131, Osmanl\u0131&#8217;dan ayr\u0131lan devletler aras\u0131nda y\u00fcz\u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fc oran\u0131nda payla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, T\u00fcrkiye&#8217;nin pay\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fen bor\u00e7lar\u0131n k\u00e2\u011f\u0131t para ve taksitler halinde \u00f6denmesi kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"69\">T\u00fcrkiye en \u00e7ok <strong>Fransa<\/strong>&#8216;ya bor\u00e7lanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"70\"><strong>1929 D\u00fcnya Ekonomik Krizi (Kara Per\u015fembe)<\/strong> nedeniyle T\u00fcrkiye bor\u00e7lar\u0131 \u00f6demekte zorlanm\u0131\u015f, d\u00f6nemin ABD Ba\u015fkan\u0131&#8217;n\u0131n yay\u0131nlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 <strong>Hoover <\/strong><strong>Moratoryumu<\/strong>&#8216;ndan yararlanarak bor\u00e7lar yeniden yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bor\u00e7lar\u0131n tamam\u0131 <strong>1954<\/strong> y\u0131l\u0131nda tamamen kapat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><\/ul><h3 id=\"tk-musul-sorunu-irak-siniri\" data-tk-source=\"71\"><strong>Musul Sorunu (Irak S\u0131n\u0131r\u0131)<\/strong><\/h3><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"72\"><strong>Lozan Bar\u0131\u015f Konferans\u0131<\/strong>\u2019nda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclemeyen tek s\u0131n\u0131r Irak s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r. Konunun, \u0130ngiltere ile T\u00fcrkiye aras\u0131nda yap\u0131lacak ikili g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelere b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131na karar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"73\">Zengin petrol yataklar\u0131na sahip olan <strong>Musul<\/strong>, <strong>Misak\u0131mill\u00ee<\/strong> s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7indedir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"74\">\u0130kili g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeler i\u00e7in <strong>19 May\u0131s 1924<\/strong>\u2019te <strong>Hali\u00e7 Konferans\u0131<\/strong> toplanm\u0131\u015f, T\u00fcrkiye&#8217;yi <strong>Ali Fethi Okyar<\/strong> temsil etmi\u015f ancak \u0130ngiltere ile uzla\u015f\u0131lamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"75\">Konu <strong>Milletler Cemiyeti<\/strong>&#8216;ne ta\u015f\u0131nm\u0131\u015f, cemiyet \u0130ngiltere yanl\u0131s\u0131 bir tav\u0131r alarak haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 <strong>Br\u00fcksel Hatt\u0131<\/strong> raporuyla b\u00f6lgenin Irak&#8217;a b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nermi\u015ftir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"76\">T\u00fcrkiye b\u00f6lgeye askeri m\u00fcdahale planlarken, \u0130ngilizlerin k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtmas\u0131yla Do\u011fu Anadolu&#8217;da <strong>\u015eeyh Said \u0130syan\u0131<\/strong> \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130syan nedeniyle eli zay\u0131flayan T\u00fcrkiye, geri ad\u0131m atmak zorunda kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"77\"><strong>5 Haziran 1926<\/strong>\u2019da \u0130ngiltere ile imzalanan <strong>Ankara Antla\u015fmas\u0131<\/strong> ile:<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"78\"><strong>Musul<\/strong>, \u0130ngiliz mandas\u0131ndaki Irak\u2019a b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (Misak\u0131mill\u00ee&#8217;den taviz verilmi\u015ftir).<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"79\"><strong>Hakk\u00e2ri<\/strong> T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"80\">Irak, Musul petrollerinden ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 verginin <strong>%10<\/strong>\u2019unu <strong>25 y\u0131l<\/strong> s\u00fcreyle T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye verecektir (T\u00fcrkiye bu hakk\u0131ndan 500 bin sterlin pe\u015fin para alarak vazge\u00e7mi\u015ftir).<\/li><\/ul><h3 id=\"tk-nufus-mubadelesi-etabli-sorunu\" data-tk-source=\"81\"><strong>N\u00fcfus M\u00fcbadelesi (<\/strong><strong>Etabli<\/strong><strong>) Sorunu<\/strong><\/h3><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"82\"><strong>Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131<\/strong>\u2019na g\u00f6re \u0130stanbul, G\u00f6k\u00e7eada ve Bozcaada&#8217;daki Rumlar ile Bat\u0131 Trakya&#8217;daki T\u00fcrkler yerlerinde kalacak (<strong>Etabli<\/strong><strong> &#8211;<\/strong><strong> Yerle\u015fik<\/strong> say\u0131lacak), di\u011fer T\u00fcrk ve Rum n\u00fcfus kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 olarak de\u011fi\u015ftirilecektir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"83\">Yunanistan&#8217;\u0131n \u0130stanbul&#8217;da daha fazla Rum b\u0131rakmak istemesi \u00fczerine sorun b\u00fcy\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f ve <strong>Milletler Cemiyeti<\/strong> ile <strong>Lahey Adalet Divan\u0131<\/strong>&#8216;na ta\u015f\u0131nm\u0131\u015f ancak sonu\u00e7 al\u0131namam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"84\">\u0130ki \u00fclkenin s\u0131n\u0131rda sava\u015f\u0131n e\u015fi\u011fine gelmesi \u00fczerine, <strong>10 Haziran 1930<\/strong>&#8216;da <strong>Ankara (Ahali M\u00fcbadelesi) Antla\u015fmas\u0131<\/strong> imzalanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"85\">Geli\u015f tarihi ve do\u011fum yeri ne olursa olsun \u0130stanbul Rumlar\u0131 ve Bat\u0131 Trakya T\u00fcrkleri &#8220;Etabli&#8221; kabul edilmi\u015f, kriz bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l yolla \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"86\">Bu antla\u015fmadan sonra Yunanistan Ba\u015fbakan\u0131 <strong>Venizelos<\/strong> T\u00fcrkiye&#8217;yi ziyaret etmi\u015f (hatta Atat\u00fcrk&#8217;\u00fc Nobel Bar\u0131\u015f \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc&#8217;ne aday g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir) ve <strong>Balkan <\/strong><strong>Antant\u0131<\/strong>&#8216;n\u0131n temelleri at\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><\/ul><h3 id=\"tk-turkiye-nin-milletler-cemiyetine-katilmasi-18-temmuz-1932\" data-tk-source=\"87\"><strong>T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Milletler Cemiyetine Kat\u0131lmas\u0131 (18 Temmuz 1932)<\/strong><\/h3><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"88\">I. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131&#8217;ndan sonra d\u00fcnya bar\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in ABD Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Wilson&#8217;un ilkeleri do\u011frultusunda kurulan <strong>Milletler Cemiyeti (Cemiyet-i Akvam)<\/strong>, ba\u015flarda \u0130ngiltere&#8217;nin \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131na hizmet etti\u011fi (\u00f6zellikle Musul meselesi) i\u00e7in T\u00fcrkiye kuruma mesafeli durmu\u015ftur.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"89\">T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin izledi\u011fi bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l d\u0131\u015f politika sonucunda, <strong>\u0130spanya&#8217;n\u0131n teklifi<\/strong> ve <strong>Yunanistan&#8217;\u0131n deste\u011fi<\/strong> ile T\u00fcrkiye <strong>18 Temmuz 1932<\/strong>\u2019de cemiyete resmen \u00fcye olmu\u015ftur.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"90\">T\u00fcrkiye&#8217;nin \u00fcyeli\u011fi, <strong>Bo\u011fazlar<\/strong> ve <strong>Hatay<\/strong> sorunlar\u0131n\u0131n ileride bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l ve diplomatik yollarla \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmesini kolayla\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><\/ul><h3 id=\"tk-balkan-antanti-9-subat-1934\" data-tk-source=\"91\"><strong>Balkan Antant\u0131 (9 \u015eubat 1934)<\/strong><\/h3><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"92\">\u0130talya ve Almanya\u2019n\u0131n sald\u0131rgan rejimlerinin (Fa\u015fizm ve Nazizm) d\u00fcnya bar\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 tehdit etmesi \u00fczerine <strong>Bat\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131<\/strong> g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na almak i\u00e7in kurulmu\u015ftur.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"93\"><strong>T\u00fcrkiye, Yunanistan, Yugoslavya ve Romanya<\/strong> aras\u0131nda Atina&#8217;da imzalanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"94\">Balkan \u00fclkesi olmalar\u0131na ra\u011fmen, s\u0131n\u0131r sorunlar\u0131 ya\u015fayan ve yay\u0131lmac\u0131 politika izleyen <strong>Bulgaristan<\/strong> ile \u0130talya bask\u0131s\u0131 alt\u0131ndaki <strong>Arnavutluk<\/strong> bu antanta kat\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><\/ul><h3 id=\"tk-montro-montreux-bogazlar-sozlesmesi-20-temmuz-1936\" data-tk-source=\"95\"><strong>Montr\u00f6 (Montreux) Bo\u011fazlar S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi (20 Temmuz 1936)<\/strong><\/h3><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"96\"><strong>Lozan Bar\u0131\u015f Antla\u015fmas\u0131<\/strong>\u2019nda Bo\u011fazlar\u0131n y\u00f6netimi ba\u015fkan\u0131 T\u00fcrk olan uluslararas\u0131 bir komisyona b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve iki yakas\u0131 silahs\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu durum T\u00fcrkiye&#8217;nin egemenlik haklar\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131yordu.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"97\">\u0130talya&#8217;n\u0131n Habe\u015fistan&#8217;a sald\u0131rmas\u0131 ve Almanya&#8217;n\u0131n silahlanmas\u0131 \u00fczerine T\u00fcrkiye, <strong>Milletler Cemiyeti<\/strong>ne &#8220;\u015fartlar\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fti\u011fini&#8221; bildirerek nota vermi\u015ftir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"98\">\u0130svi\u00e7re&#8217;nin Montr\u00f6 kentinde toplanan konferans sonucunda <strong>20 Temmuz 1936<\/strong>\u2019da s\u00f6zle\u015fme imzalanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"99\"><strong>Montr\u00f6 Bo\u011fazlar S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi Sonu\u00e7lar\u0131:<\/strong><\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"100\">Uluslararas\u0131 Bo\u011fazlar Komisyonu kald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, t\u00fcm yetki T\u00fcrkiye&#8217;ye ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"101\">Bo\u011fazlar\u0131n her iki yakas\u0131ndaki askerden ar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f b\u00f6lge kural\u0131 kald\u0131r\u0131larak T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin asker bulundurmas\u0131 kabul edilmi\u015ftir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"102\">Ticaret gemilerinin ge\u00e7i\u015fi serbest b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, sava\u015f gemilerinin ge\u00e7i\u015fi ise tonaj ve s\u00fcre bak\u0131m\u0131ndan belirli kat\u0131 kurallara ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"103\">Sava\u015f tehlikesi durumunda veya sava\u015fta T\u00fcrkiye&#8217;ye Bo\u011fazlar\u0131 kapatma yetkisi verilmi\u015ftir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"104\">T\u00fcrkiye Bo\u011fazlar \u00fczerinde <strong>tam egemenlik<\/strong> hakk\u0131n\u0131 elde etmi\u015f ve Misak\u0131mill\u00ee yolunda dev bir ad\u0131m at\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><\/ul><h3 id=\"tk-sadabat-pakti-8-temmuz-1937\" data-tk-source=\"105\"><strong>Sadabat Pakt\u0131 (8 Temmuz 1937)<\/strong><\/h3><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"106\">\u0130talya\u2019n\u0131n Habe\u015fistan\u2019\u0131 i\u015fgali ve Ortado\u011fu&#8217;ya y\u00f6nelik yay\u0131lmac\u0131 politikalar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 <strong>Do\u011fu s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131<\/strong> g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na almak i\u00e7in kurulmu\u015ftur.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"107\"><strong>\u0130ran, Irak, T\u00fcrkiye ve Afganistan<\/strong> (\u015eifre: <strong>\u0130\u0130T<\/strong> veya <strong>\u0130ran, Irak, T\u00fcrkiye, Afganistan<\/strong>) aras\u0131nda \u0130ran&#8217;\u0131n ba\u015fkenti Tahran&#8217;daki Sadabat Saray\u0131&#8217;nda imzalanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"108\">\u00dclkeler s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n dokunulmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131na sayg\u0131 g\u00f6stermeyi ve i\u00e7 i\u015flerine kar\u0131\u015fmamay\u0131 taahh\u00fct etmi\u015ftir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"109\">T\u00fcrkiye ile Hatay sorunu ya\u015fayan, ayn\u0131 zamanda Irak ile s\u0131n\u0131r anla\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131 bulunan <strong>Suriye<\/strong>, bu pakta kat\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><\/ul><h3 id=\"tk-hatay-sorunu-ve-hatay-in-ana-vatana-katilmasi-1939\" data-tk-source=\"110\"><strong>Hatay Sorunu ve Hatay\u2019\u0131n Ana Vatana Kat\u0131lmas\u0131 (1939)<\/strong><\/h3><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"111\"><strong>1921 Ankara Antla\u015fmas\u0131<\/strong> ile Hatay, \u00f6zerk bir b\u00f6lge olarak Fransa mandas\u0131ndaki Suriye&#8217;ye b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, bu durum <strong>Lozan<\/strong>&#8216;da da de\u011fi\u015fmemi\u015fti.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"112\"><strong>Atat\u00fcrk<\/strong>, &#8220;K\u0131rk as\u0131rl\u0131k T\u00fcrk yurdu, d\u00fc\u015fman elinde esir kalamaz&#8221; ve &#8220;Bu benim \u015fahsi meselemdir&#8221; diyerek Hatay konusundaki kararl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"113\"><strong>1936<\/strong>&#8216;da II. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 tehlikesi yakla\u015f\u0131rken Fransa, Suriye&#8217;den mandas\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ekmi\u015f ve b\u00f6lgeyi Suriye&#8217;ye devretmi\u015ftir. T\u00fcrkiye bunu kabul etmeyerek konuyu <strong>Milletler Cemiyeti<\/strong>&#8216;ne ta\u015f\u0131m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"114\">Cemiyetin haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 <strong>Sandler<\/strong><strong> Raporu<\/strong> do\u011frultusunda Hatay&#8217;a i\u00e7 i\u015flerinde ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k verilmi\u015ftir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"115\"><strong>1938<\/strong> y\u0131l\u0131nda <strong>Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z Hatay Cumhuriyeti<\/strong> kurulmu\u015ftur.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"116\">\u0130lk ve tek Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131: <strong>Tayfur S\u00f6kmen<\/strong><\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"117\">Ba\u015fbakan\u0131: <strong>Abdurrahman Melek<\/strong><\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"118\">Meclis Ba\u015fkan\u0131: <strong>Abdulgani<\/strong><strong> T\u00fcrkmen<\/strong><\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"119\">Yakla\u015fan sava\u015f tehlikesi ve T\u00fcrkiye&#8217;nin dostlu\u011funu kaybetmek istemeyen Fransa, Hatay meclisinin alaca\u011f\u0131 karara sayg\u0131 duymak zorunda kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"120\">Hatay Meclisi <strong>30 Haziran 1939<\/strong>\u2019da ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararla T\u00fcrkiye&#8217;ye kat\u0131lmay\u0131 oy birli\u011fiyle kabul etmi\u015f, <strong>7 Temmuz 1939<\/strong>\u2019da TBMM&#8217;nin onay\u0131yla ana vatana kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"121\">Hatay&#8217;\u0131n anavatana kat\u0131lmas\u0131, <strong>Atat\u00fcrk&#8217;\u00fcn vefat\u0131ndan sonra<\/strong> ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen, ancak onun diplomatik dehas\u0131n\u0131n ve bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l politikas\u0131n\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck d\u0131\u015f politika zaferlerinden biridir ve Misak\u0131mill\u00ee lehine \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/li><\/ul><p class=\"tk-paragraf\" data-tk-source=\"122\">&#8220;Bu ders notlar\u0131n\u0131n her hakk\u0131 sakl\u0131d\u0131r. Hangi ama\u00e7la olursa olsun, ders notlar\u0131n\u0131n tamam\u0131n\u0131n veya bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n <strong>www.tarihkursu.com<\/strong><strong> <\/strong>sitesinin yaz\u0131l\u0131 izni olmadan sosyal medyada ve internet ortam\u0131nda payla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131, kopya edilmesi, foto\u011fraf\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ekilmesi, herhangi bir yolla \u00e7o\u011falt\u0131lmas\u0131, yay\u0131mlanmas\u0131 ya da kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 yasakt\u0131r. 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