{"id":3442,"date":"2026-07-31T22:44:18","date_gmt":"2026-07-31T19:44:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/?p=3442"},"modified":"2026-07-31T22:44:20","modified_gmt":"2026-07-31T19:44:20","slug":"iki-kuresel-savas-arasinda-dunya","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/index.php\/2026\/07\/31\/iki-kuresel-savas-arasinda-dunya\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0130ki K\u00fcresel Sava\u015f Aras\u0131nda D\u00fcnya KPSS Tarih Notlar\u0131 | \u00c7a\u011fda\u015f T\u00fcrk ve D\u00fcnya Tarihi"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0130ki K\u00fcresel Sava\u015f Aras\u0131nda D\u00fcnya ders notlar\u0131; I. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n siyasi ve ekonomik sonu\u00e7lar\u0131, Paris Bar\u0131\u015f Konferans\u0131, Versailles Antla\u015fmas\u0131, Monroe Doktrini, Kom\u00fcnizm, Fa\u015fizm, Nazizm ve SSCB\u2019nin kurulu\u015funun Orta Asya T\u00fcrk toplumlar\u0131na etkileri gibi konular\u0131 i\u00e7erir. KPSS tarih s\u0131nav\u0131na haz\u0131rlanan adaylara y\u00f6nelik bu KPSS tarih ders notlar\u0131, iki sava\u015f aras\u0131ndaki de\u011fi\u015fimleri ve II. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019na giden s\u00fcreci birlikte de\u011ferlendirmeye yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur. Online KPSS ders notlar\u0131m\u0131z sayesinde  KPSS, MEB AGS ve \u00d6ABT s\u0131navlar\u0131nda ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olacaks\u0131n\u0131z. KPSS \u00f6zet ders notlar\u0131 arayan \u00f6\u011frenciler buraya.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<style>\n.tk-ders-notu{--tk-lacivert:#12355b;--tk-turkuaz:#087f8c;--tk-bordo:#8b1e3f;--tk-altin:#d69e2e;--tk-acik-mavi:#eef6ff;--tk-acik-turkuaz:#ecfbfa;--tk-acik-sari:#fff8dc;--tk-metin:#243447;--tk-cizgi:#c8d7e6;position:relative;width:100%;max-width:1100px;min-width:0;margin:0 auto;padding:clamp(12px,2.4vw,28px);box-sizing:border-box;color:var(--tk-metin);font:400 17px\/1.72 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,\"Segoe UI\",Arial,sans-serif;overflow-wrap:anywhere;word-wrap:break-word;hyphens:auto;background:#f7fafc;border-radius:18px}\n.tk-ders-notu *,.tk-ders-notu *::before,.tk-ders-notu *::after{box-sizing:border-box;min-width:0}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-ilerleme{position:fixed;z-index:9998;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:5px;background:rgba(18,53,91,.12);pointer-events:none}\n.tk-ders-notu 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minmax(0,1fr);gap:8px}\n}\n@media print{\n.tk-ders-notu{max-width:none;margin:0;padding:0;background:#fff;color:#000;font-size:11pt;box-shadow:none}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-ilerleme,.tk-ders-notu .tk-kontroller,.tk-ders-notu .tk-basa-don{display:none!important}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-ust{padding:0 0 14pt;background:#fff!important;color:#000;box-shadow:none}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-ana-baslik{color:#000;border-bottom:2pt solid #000}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-icindekiler{border:1pt solid #777;background:#fff;color:#000}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-icindekiler-listesi a{color:#000}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-kart{break-inside:auto;margin:0 0 14pt;padding:0;border:0;box-shadow:none}\n.tk-ders-notu h2,.tk-ders-notu h3{break-after:avoid;color:#000}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-tablo{break-inside:auto}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-tablo tr{break-inside:avoid}\n.tk-ders-notu a{text-decoration:none;color:#000}\n}\n<\/style>\n<article class=\"tk-ders-notu\" id=\"tk-ders-iki-kuresel-savas-arasinda-dunya\" lang=\"tr\" data-tk-ready=\"false\"><div class=\"tk-ilerleme\" role=\"progressbar\" aria-label=\"Okuma ilerlemesi\" aria-valuemin=\"0\" aria-valuemax=\"100\" aria-valuenow=\"0\"><span class=\"tk-ilerleme-cubugu\"><\/span><\/div><header class=\"tk-ust\" id=\"tk-ders-baslangici\"><p class=\"tk-ana-baslik\" data-tk-source=\"1\"><strong>\u0130K\u0130 K\u00dcRESEL SAVA\u015e ARASINDA D\u00dcNYA<\/strong><\/p><div class=\"tk-kontroller\"><button class=\"tk-dugme tk-yazdir\" type=\"button\" aria-label=\"Ders notunu yazd\u0131r\">Yazd\u0131r<\/button><button class=\"tk-dugme tk-ice-git\" type=\"button\" aria-label=\"\u0130\u00e7indekiler b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne git\">\u0130\u00e7indekilere Git<\/button><\/div><nav class=\"tk-icindekiler\" id=\"tk-icindekiler-iki-kuresel-savas-arasinda-dunya\" aria-label=\"Ders notu i\u00e7indekiler\"><p class=\"tk-icindekiler-baslik\">\u0130\u00e7indekiler<\/p><ul class=\"tk-icindekiler-listesi\"><li class=\"tk-ana-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-i-dunya-savasi-nin-siyasi-ve-ekonomik-sonuclari\">I. D\u00dcNYA SAVA\u015eI\u2019NIN S\u0130YAS\u0130 VE EKONOM\u0130K SONU\u00c7LARI<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-alt-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-ii-dunya-savasi-na-sebep-olan-stratejik-ve-emperyalist-rekabet\">II. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019na Sebep Olan Stratejik ve Emperyalist Rekabet<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-alt-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-i-dunya-savasi-oncesi-ve-sonrasi-dunya-siyasi-haritasindaki-degisim\">I. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 \u00d6ncesi ve Sonras\u0131 D\u00fcnya Siyasi Haritas\u0131ndaki De\u011fi\u015fim<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-alt-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-paris-baris-konferansi-ve-versailles-versay-baris-antlasmasi\">Paris Bar\u0131\u015f Konferans\u0131 ve Versailles (Versay) Bar\u0131\u015f Antla\u015fmas\u0131<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-alt-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-monroe-doktrini-1823\">Monroe Doktrini (1823)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-alt-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-versailles-versay-baris-antlasmasi-28-haziran-1919\">Versailles (Versay) Bar\u0131\u015f Antla\u015fmas\u0131 (28 Haziran 1919)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-alt-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-iki-dunya-savasi-arasindaki-donemde-ideolojiler\">\u0130ki D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 Aras\u0131ndaki D\u00f6nemde \u0130deolojiler<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-alt-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-komunizm\">Kom\u00fcnizm<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-alt-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-fasizm\">Fa\u015fizm<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-alt-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-nasyonal-sosyalizm-nazizm\">Nasyonal Sosyalizm (Nazizm)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-ana-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-sscb-nin-kurulmasinin-orta-asya-turk-toplumlarinda-meydana-getirdigi-d\">SSCB\u2019N\u0130N KURULMASININ ORTA ASYA T\u00dcRK TOPLUMLARINDA MEYDANA GET\u0130RD\u0130\u011e\u0130 DE\u011e\u0130\u015e\u0130M<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-alt-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-rusya-da-ihtilal-sureci-ve-bolseviklerin-yukselisi\">Rusya&#x27;da \u0130htilal S\u00fcreci ve Bol\u015feviklerin Y\u00fckseli\u015fi<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-alt-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-sovyet-rusya-nin-siyasi-politikalari-1917-1939\">Sovyet Rusya&#x27;n\u0131n Siyasi Politikalar\u0131 (1917-1939)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-alt-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-turkistan-milli-mucadelesi-ve-basmaci-hareketi\">T\u00fcrkistan Mill\u00ee M\u00fccadelesi ve Basmac\u0131 Hareketi<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-alt-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-basmaci-hareketi\">Basmac\u0131 Hareketi<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-alt-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-gazavat-muridizm-direnis-hareketi\">Gazav\u00e2t \/ M\u00fcridizm Direni\u015f Hareketi<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-alt-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-cecenistan-meselesi-yakin-tarih-baglantisi\">\u00c7e\u00e7enistan Meselesi (Yak\u0131n Tarih Ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-alt-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-azerbaycan-ve-mehmet-emin-resulzade-1884-1955\">Azerbaycan ve Mehmet Emin Resulz\u00e2de (1884-1955)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-alt-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-baskortostan-ve-ahmet-zeki-velidi-togan-1890-1970\">Ba\u015fkortostan ve Ahmet Zeki Velid\u00ee Togan (1890-1970)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-ana-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-orta-dogu-da-manda-yonetimleri-kurulmasinin-ve-afrika-daki-somurgecili\">ORTA DO\u011eU\u2019DA MANDA Y\u00d6NET\u0130MLER\u0130 KURULMASININ VE AFR\u0130KA\u2019DAK\u0130 S\u00d6M\u00dcRGEC\u0130L\u0130K FAAL\u0130YETLER\u0130N\u0130N S\u0130YAS\u0130 SONU\u00c7LARI<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-alt-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-osmanli-devleti-nin-yikilisinin-orta-dogu-ya-etkileri\">Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin Y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n Orta Do\u011fu\u2019ya Etkileri<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-alt-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-mcmahon-mekmehin-antlasmasi-1915\">McMahon (Mekmeh\u0131n) Antla\u015fmas\u0131 (1915)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-alt-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-sykes-picot-saykis-piko-antlasmasi-1916\">Sykes-Picot (Sayk\u0131s Piko) Antla\u015fmas\u0131 (1916)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-alt-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-buyuk-guclerin-orta-dogu-ve-afrika-politikalari\">B\u00fcy\u00fck G\u00fc\u00e7lerin Orta Do\u011fu ve Afrika Politikalar\u0131<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-alt-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-balfour-balfur-deklarasyonu-2-kasim-1917\">Balfour (Balfur) Deklarasyonu (2 Kas\u0131m 1917)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-alt-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-a-ingiltere-nin-orta-dogu-politikalari\">a) \u0130ngiltere\u2019nin Orta Do\u011fu Politikalar\u0131<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-alt-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-orta-dogu-da-ingiliz-manda-yonetimleri\">Orta Do\u011fu\u2019da \u0130ngiliz Manda Y\u00f6netimleri:<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-alt-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-b-fransa-nin-orta-dogu-politikalari\">b) Fransa\u2019n\u0131n Orta Do\u011fu Politikalar\u0131<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-alt-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-manda-somurge-emperyalizm-kavram-haritasi\">Manda &#8211; S\u00f6m\u00fcrge &#8211; Emperyalizm Kavram Haritas\u0131<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-ana-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-modern-kara-deniz-ve-hava-hakimiyet-teorileri\">MODERN KARA, DEN\u0130Z VE HAVA H\u00c2K\u0130M\u0130YET TEOR\u0130LER\u0130<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-ana-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-japonya-nin-uzak-dogu-da-yeni-bir-guc-olmasi\">JAPONYA\u2019NIN UZAK DO\u011eU\u2019DA YEN\u0130 B\u0130R G\u00dc\u00c7 OLMASI<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-alt-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-modern-japonya-nin-dogusu-ve-meiji-meici-restorasyonu\">Modern Japonya\u2019n\u0131n Do\u011fu\u015fu ve Meiji (Meici) Restorasyonu<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-alt-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-japon-yayilmaciligi-ve-asya-nin-degisen-yuzu\">Japon Yay\u0131lmac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Asya\u2019n\u0131n De\u011fi\u015fen Y\u00fcz\u00fc<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-ana-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-iki-dunya-savasi-arasindaki-donemde-dunyada-meydana-gelen-siyasi-ve-ek\">\u0130K\u0130 D\u00dcNYA SAVA\u015eI ARASINDAK\u0130 D\u00d6NEMDE D\u00dcNYADA MEYDANA GELEN S\u0130YAS\u0130 VE EKONOM\u0130K GEL\u0130\u015eMELER<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-alt-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-onemli-antlasmalar-ve-paktlar\">\u00d6nemli Antla\u015fmalar ve Paktlar:<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-alt-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-1929-dunya-ekonomik-buhrani\">1929 D\u00fcnya Ekonomik Buhran\u0131<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-alt-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-abd-de-ekonomik-buhranin-ortaya-cikisi-sebepler\">ABD\u2019de Ekonomik Buhran\u0131n Ortaya \u00c7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131 (Sebepler):<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-alt-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-kara-persembe-ve-ekonomik-buhranin-sonuclari\">Kara Per\u015fembe ve Ekonomik Buhran\u0131n Sonu\u00e7lar\u0131:<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-alt-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-almanya-daki-hiper-enflasyonun-siyasi-ve-sosyal-sonuclari\">Almanya\u2019daki Hiper Enflasyonun Siyasi ve Sosyal Sonu\u00e7lar\u0131<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-ana-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-iki-dunya-savasi-arasindaki-donemde-dunyada-meydana-gelen-sosyokulture\">\u0130K\u0130 D\u00dcNYA SAVA\u015eI ARASINDAK\u0130 D\u00d6NEMDE D\u00dcNYADA MEYDANA GELEN SOSYOK\u00dcLT\u00dcREL OLAYLAR VE B\u0130L\u0130MSEL GEL\u0130\u015eMELER<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-alt-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-donemi-yansitan-uc-isim-ve-eserleri\">D\u00f6nemi Yans\u0131tan \u00dc\u00e7 \u0130sim ve Eserleri<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-alt-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-bilimsel-ve-teknolojik-gelismelerin-askeri-alana-mimariye-ve-saglik-al\">Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Geli\u015fmelerin Asker\u00ee Alana, Mimariye ve Sa\u011fl\u0131k Alan\u0131na Etkisi<\/a><\/li><li class=\"tk-alt-baglanti\"><a href=\"#tk-propaganda-araci-olarak-sinema-ve-radyo\">Propaganda Arac\u0131 Olarak Sinema ve Radyo<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/header><div class=\"tk-icerik\"><section class=\"tk-kart tk-kart-ilk\"><\/section><section class=\"tk-kart\"><h2 id=\"tk-i-dunya-savasi-nin-siyasi-ve-ekonomik-sonuclari\" data-tk-source=\"2\"><strong>I. D\u00dcNYA SAVA\u015eI\u2019NIN S\u0130YAS\u0130 VE EKONOM\u0130K SONU\u00c7LARI<\/strong><\/h2><h3 id=\"tk-ii-dunya-savasi-na-sebep-olan-stratejik-ve-emperyalist-rekabet\" data-tk-source=\"3\"><strong>II. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019na Sebep Olan Stratejik ve Emperyalist Rekabet<\/strong><\/h3><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"4\"><strong>XIX. y\u00fczy\u0131lda<\/strong> Avrupa, teknolojik, iktisadi ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel alanlarda tarihindeki en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc d\u00f6nemine ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"5\">Bu g\u00fc\u00e7lenme ve devletler aras\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kar dengesinin bozulmas\u0131, d\u00fcnyay\u0131 <strong>1914-1918<\/strong> y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen <strong>I. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131<\/strong>&#8216;na s\u00fcr\u00fcklemi\u015ftir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"6\"><strong>Sava\u015f\u0131n Geli\u015fimi ve Etkileri:<\/strong> Bir\u00e7ok devleti i\u00e7ine alarak b\u00fcy\u00fcyen sava\u015f, modern teknolojinin de etkisiyle end\u00fcstrinin \u00e7ok h\u0131zl\u0131 geli\u015fmesine zemin haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"7\"><strong>\u00c7ok Uluslu \u0130mparatorluklar\u0131n Da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131:<\/strong> <strong>I. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131<\/strong> ve <strong>Wilson \u0130lkeleri<\/strong>&#8216;nin etkisiyle imparatorluklar par\u00e7alanm\u0131\u015f, <strong>ulus devletlerin<\/strong> kurulu\u015f s\u00fcreci h\u0131zlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"8\"><strong>Yeni Krizlerin Do\u011fu\u015fu:<\/strong> Yenilen devletlerin omuzlar\u0131na y\u00fcklenen d\u0131\u015f bor\u00e7lar, a\u011f\u0131r tazminatlar ve ekonomik krizlerin besledi\u011fi <strong>milliyet\u00e7ilik<\/strong> duygular\u0131, yeni bir d\u00fcnya sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131n (<strong>II. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131<\/strong>) tohumlar\u0131n\u0131 atm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><\/ul><h3 id=\"tk-i-dunya-savasi-oncesi-ve-sonrasi-dunya-siyasi-haritasindaki-degisim\" data-tk-source=\"9\"><strong>I. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 \u00d6ncesi ve Sonras\u0131 D\u00fcnya Siyasi Haritas\u0131ndaki De\u011fi\u015fim<\/strong><\/h3><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"10\"><strong>Tarih Sahnesinden \u00c7ekilenler (Sava\u015f \u00d6ncesi G\u00fc\u00e7ler):<\/strong> <strong>Osmanl\u0131 Devleti<\/strong>, <strong>Avusturya-Macaristan \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu<\/strong>, <strong>\u00c7arl\u0131k <\/strong><strong>Rusyas\u0131<\/strong> ve <strong>Alman \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu<\/strong> gibi d\u00fcnya siyasetinde etkin \u00e7ok uluslu devletler y\u0131k\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"11\"><strong>Tarih Sahnesine \u00c7\u0131kanlar (Sava\u015f Sonras\u0131 Yeni Devletler):<\/strong> <strong>Litvanya<\/strong>, <strong>Letonya<\/strong>, <strong>Estonya<\/strong>, <strong>Finlandiya<\/strong>, <strong>Yugoslavya<\/strong>, <strong>\u00c7ekoslovakya<\/strong>, <strong>Polonya<\/strong>, <strong>Macaristan<\/strong>, <strong>T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti<\/strong> ve <strong>SSCB<\/strong> gibi bir\u00e7ok yeni devlet haritadaki yerini alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><\/ul><h3 id=\"tk-paris-baris-konferansi-ve-versailles-versay-baris-antlasmasi\" data-tk-source=\"12\"><strong>Paris Bar\u0131\u015f Konferans\u0131 ve Versailles (Versay) Bar\u0131\u015f Antla\u015fmas\u0131<\/strong><\/h3><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"13\"><strong>Paris Bar\u0131\u015f Konferans\u0131&#8217;n\u0131n Amac\u0131 (18 Ocak 1919):<\/strong> <strong>I. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131<\/strong>&#8216;n\u0131n galip ve ma\u011flup devletleri aras\u0131ndaki bar\u0131\u015f \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131 belirlemek ve <strong>Osmanl\u0131 Devleti<\/strong> topraklar\u0131n\u0131 payla\u015fmakt\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"14\"><strong>Konferans\u0131n Yap\u0131s\u0131 ve Kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar:<\/strong> <strong>32<\/strong> devletin kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 toplant\u0131, adil bir bar\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmesinden ziyade galip gelenlerin kongresi olarak organize edilmi\u015ftir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"15\"><strong>Temsil Edilmeyen Devletler:<\/strong> <strong>Sovyet Rusya<\/strong>, <strong>Almanya<\/strong> ve <strong>Osmanl\u0131 Devleti<\/strong> bu konferansta yer almam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"16\"><strong>Diplomatik \u00c7at\u0131\u015fma (\u0130dealizm ve Klasik Diplomasi):<\/strong> <strong>ABD Ba\u015fkan\u0131 <\/strong><strong>Woodrow<\/strong><strong> Wilson<\/strong> idealist ilkeleri savunurken; <strong>Fransa Ba\u015fbakan\u0131 Georges Clemenceau<\/strong> ve <strong>\u0130ngiltere Ba\u015fbakan\u0131 David Lloyd George<\/strong> Avrupa&#8217;n\u0131n kendi \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131na dayal\u0131 klasik diplomasisini y\u00fcr\u00fctm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"17\"><strong>Galip Devletlerin Hedefleri:<\/strong> <strong>Fransa<\/strong>, <strong>Almanya<\/strong>&#8216;n\u0131n hareket alan\u0131n\u0131 daraltmak ve onu tamamen \u00e7\u00f6kertmeyi hedeflemi\u015ftir. <strong>\u0130ngiltere<\/strong>, <strong>Alman<\/strong> donanmas\u0131n\u0131 yok etmek ve <strong>Almanya<\/strong>&#8216;n\u0131n Avrupa dengesini bir daha bozmas\u0131n\u0131 engellemek istemi\u015ftir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"18\"><strong>Konferans\u0131n YKS\/KPSS \u00d6nemi:<\/strong> \u0130tilaf Devletleri aras\u0131nda ilk derin g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f ayr\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015f, <strong>\u0130talya<\/strong>&#8216;ya vadedilen <strong>\u0130zmir<\/strong> ve \u00e7evresi <strong>\u0130ngiltere<\/strong>&#8216;nin deste\u011fiyle <strong>Yunanistan<\/strong>&#8216;a verilmi\u015ftir.<\/li><\/ul><h3 id=\"tk-monroe-doktrini-1823\" data-tk-source=\"19\"><strong>Monroe Doktrini (1823)<\/strong><\/h3><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"20\"><strong>ABD Ba\u015fkan\u0131 James Monroe<\/strong> taraf\u0131ndan Amerikan Kongresi&#8217;ne sunulmu\u015ftur.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"21\"><strong>Temel Felsefesi (Kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 <\/strong><strong>\u0130zolasyon &#8211;<\/strong><strong> Yaln\u0131zl\u0131k Politikas\u0131):<\/strong> <strong>ABD<\/strong>, Avrupa&#8217;n\u0131n i\u00e7 meselelerine kar\u0131\u015fmayacak; buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k Avrupal\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7ler de Amerika k\u0131tas\u0131ndaki varl\u0131klara sayg\u0131 duyacak ve Latin Amerika&#8217;daki cumhuriyetler \u00fczerinde yeni s\u00f6m\u00fcrge politikalar\u0131 kurmayacakt\u0131r.<\/li><\/ul><h3 id=\"tk-versailles-versay-baris-antlasmasi-28-haziran-1919\" data-tk-source=\"22\"><strong>Versailles (Versay) Bar\u0131\u015f Antla\u015fmas\u0131 (28 Haziran 1919)<\/strong><\/h3><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"23\">\u00d6nemi ve ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 riskler nedeniyle <strong>I. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131<\/strong> sonras\u0131 ilk bar\u0131\u015f antla\u015fmas\u0131, <strong>Almanya<\/strong> ile imzalanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"24\"><strong>Alman<\/strong> heyeti, <strong>Wilson \u0130lkeleri<\/strong>&#8216;ne dayanarak itiraz etse de bu itirazlar dikkate al\u0131nmam\u0131\u015f ve antla\u015fma adeta bir \u00fcltimatom gibi zorla imzalatt\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu a\u011f\u0131r \u015fartlar <strong>II. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131<\/strong>&#8216;n\u0131n en temel nedenidir.<\/li><\/ul><h3 id=\"tk-iki-dunya-savasi-arasindaki-donemde-ideolojiler\" data-tk-source=\"25\"><strong>\u0130ki D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 Aras\u0131ndaki D\u00f6nemde \u0130deolojiler<\/strong><\/h3><h3 id=\"tk-komunizm\" data-tk-source=\"26\"><strong>Kom\u00fcnizm<\/strong><\/h3><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"27\"><strong>Temel Amac\u0131:<\/strong> \u00d6zel m\u00fclkiyete dayal\u0131 <strong>kapitalist<\/strong> sistem yerine, ortak m\u00fclkiyete dayal\u0131 sosyal, ekonomik ve siyasi bir ya\u015fam kurmakt\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"28\"><strong>Uygulanma A\u015famas\u0131:<\/strong> Burjuva s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 yok edilerek <strong>proletarya<\/strong> (i\u015f\u00e7i) s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n h\u00e2kimiyeti kurulacak, ard\u0131ndan sosyalist d\u00fczen in\u015fa edilecek ve nihai hedef olan <strong>kom\u00fcnist<\/strong> sistem hayata ge\u00e7irilecektir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"29\"><strong>Yay\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00dclkeler:<\/strong> <strong>\u00c7in<\/strong>, <strong>K\u00fcba<\/strong>, <strong>Arnavutluk<\/strong>, <strong>Yugoslavya<\/strong>, <strong>Do\u011fu Almanya<\/strong>, <strong>\u00c7ekoslovakya<\/strong> gibi \u00fclkelerin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra <strong>Afganistan<\/strong> ve <strong>Yemen<\/strong> gibi \u0130slam \u00fclkelerinde de kom\u00fcnist y\u00f6netimler ba\u015fa ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir.<\/li><\/ul><h3 id=\"tk-fasizm\" data-tk-source=\"30\"><strong>Fa\u015fizm<\/strong><\/h3><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"31\"><strong>Kelime K\u00f6keni:<\/strong> \u0130talyanca bir baltaya ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015f sopa demeti anlam\u0131na gelen, birlikten g\u00fc\u00e7 do\u011far felsefesini simgeleyen fascio s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden t\u00fcremi\u015ftir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"32\"><strong>Tan\u0131m\u0131:<\/strong> <strong>\u0130talya<\/strong>&#8216;da, <strong>II. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131<\/strong>&#8216;na giden yolda milliyet\u00e7i ve bask\u0131c\u0131 diktat\u00f6rl\u00fck y\u00f6netimini ifade eder.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"33\"><strong>Temel Felsefesi:<\/strong> Bireyi tamamen yok sayarak \u015fahs\u0131nda devleti kutsar. Disiplin ve askeri g\u00fc\u00e7 \u00f6n plandad\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"34\"><strong>Lideri ve Partisi:<\/strong> <strong>Benito Mussolini<\/strong> \u00f6nderli\u011findeki <strong>Ulusal Fa\u015fist Parti<\/strong> ile \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015fmi\u015ftir. Yar\u0131 askeri milis g\u00fcc\u00fcne <strong>Kara G\u00f6mlekliler<\/strong> ad\u0131 verilmi\u015ftir.<\/li><\/ul><h3 id=\"tk-nasyonal-sosyalizm-nazizm\" data-tk-source=\"35\"><strong>Nasyonal Sosyalizm (Nazizm)<\/strong><\/h3><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"36\"><strong>Tan\u0131m\u0131:<\/strong> <strong>II. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131<\/strong> \u00f6ncesinde <strong>Almanya<\/strong>&#8216;da, <strong>Nazi Partisi<\/strong> ve lideri <strong>Adolf Hitler<\/strong> taraf\u0131ndan kurulan siyasi, ekonomik ve totaliter sistemdir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"37\"><strong>Do\u011fu\u015f Sebebi:<\/strong> <strong>I. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131<\/strong> sonras\u0131 <strong>Almanya<\/strong>&#8216;n\u0131n i\u00e7ine d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc derin yoksulluk, i\u015fsizlik krizine ve <strong>Versay Antla\u015fmas\u0131<\/strong>&#8216;n\u0131n a\u011f\u0131r \u015fartlar\u0131na bir tepki olarak y\u00fckselmi\u015ftir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"38\"><strong>Partinin Geli\u015fimi:<\/strong> <strong>1918<\/strong>&#8216;de <strong>Alman \u0130\u015f\u00e7i Partisi<\/strong> olarak kurulmu\u015f, k\u0131sa s\u00fcre sonra ismi <strong>Nasyonal Sosyalist Alman \u0130\u015f\u00e7i Partisi (NSDAP)<\/strong> olarak de\u011fi\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. Silahl\u0131 milis g\u00fcc\u00fcne <strong>Kahverengi G\u00f6mlekliler<\/strong>, gizli polis te\u015fkilat\u0131na ise <strong>Gestapo<\/strong> denilmi\u015ftir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"39\"><strong>Temel Fark\u0131:<\/strong> Kitleleri etkilemek i\u00e7in <strong>Fa\u015fizmin<\/strong> &#8220;Devlet ideal ve ebedidir&#8221; anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 yerine &#8220;\u00dcst\u00fcn Irk&#8221; kavram\u0131n\u0131 merkeze alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Temel d\u0131\u015f politikas\u0131 <strong>Hayat Sahas\u0131 (<\/strong><strong>Lebensraum<\/strong><strong>)<\/strong> iddialar\u0131na dayan\u0131r.<\/li><\/ul><\/section><section class=\"tk-kart\"><h2 id=\"tk-sscb-nin-kurulmasinin-orta-asya-turk-toplumlarinda-meydana-getirdigi-d\" data-tk-source=\"40\"><strong>SSCB\u2019N\u0130N KURULMASININ ORTA ASYA T\u00dcRK TOPLUMLARINDA MEYDANA GET\u0130RD\u0130\u011e\u0130 DE\u011e\u0130\u015e\u0130M<\/strong><\/h2><h3 id=\"tk-rusya-da-ihtilal-sureci-ve-bolseviklerin-yukselisi\" data-tk-source=\"41\"><strong>Rusya&#8217;da \u0130htilal S\u00fcreci ve Bol\u015feviklerin Y\u00fckseli\u015fi<\/strong><\/h3><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"42\"><strong>I. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131<\/strong> sebebiyle sosyal ve ekonomik \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f ya\u015fayan <strong>Rusya<\/strong>&#8216;da, <strong>24 \u015eubat 1917<\/strong>&#8216;de 200 bin i\u015f\u00e7inin kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck bir grev ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"43\">Grevi bast\u0131rmaya gelen askerlerin de isyanc\u0131lara kat\u0131lmas\u0131yla bakanlar ve generaller tutuklanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"44\"><strong>8 Mart 1917<\/strong>&#8216;de halk, i\u015f\u00e7i ve askerler fiilen y\u00f6netimi ele ge\u00e7irmi\u015ftir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"45\"><strong>Mart 1917<\/strong>&#8216;de <strong>\u00c7ar II. Nikola<\/strong> tahttan \u00e7ekilmi\u015f, yerine <strong>Devrimci H\u00fck\u00fbmet (Ge\u00e7ici H\u00fck\u00fbmet)<\/strong> kurulmu\u015ftur.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"46\"><strong>Ekim Devrimi&#8217;ne Giden Yol:<\/strong> <strong>Bol\u015fevikler<\/strong>; bar\u0131\u015f, ekmek ve toprak slogan\u0131yla ba\u015flatt\u0131klar\u0131 hareketle <strong>Men\u015fevikleri<\/strong> bertaraf ederek iktidar\u0131n sahibi olmu\u015flard\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"47\"><strong>Sava\u015ftan \u00c7ekilme:<\/strong> <strong>3 Mart 1918<\/strong> tarihinde imzalanan <strong>Brest<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>Litovsk<\/strong><strong> Antla\u015fmas\u0131<\/strong> ile <strong>Bol\u015fevik Rusya<\/strong> <strong>I. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131<\/strong>&#8216;ndan resmen \u00e7ekilmi\u015ftir.<\/li><\/ul><h3 id=\"tk-sovyet-rusya-nin-siyasi-politikalari-1917-1939\" data-tk-source=\"48\"><strong>Sovyet Rusya&#8217;n\u0131n Siyasi Politikalar\u0131 (1917-1939)<\/strong><\/h3><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"49\">G\u00f6receli bir g\u00fc\u00e7s\u00fczl\u00fck ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu d\u00f6nemde, ideolojik hedeflerini siyasi hedeflerinin \u00f6n\u00fcnde tutmu\u015f, tarafs\u0131zl\u0131k ve sald\u0131rmazl\u0131k politikas\u0131 izleyerek Avrupa&#8217;da bar\u0131\u015f\u0131n yerle\u015fmesi i\u00e7in u\u011fra\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"50\">\u0130htilalin ba\u015f mimar\u0131 <strong>Vladimir Lenin<\/strong>, az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131n deste\u011fini almak i\u00e7in kendi kaderini tayin hakk\u0131 olan <strong>self determinasyon<\/strong> politikas\u0131n\u0131 ilan etmi\u015ftir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"51\">Bu siyasi vaat, Rusya&#8217;daki M\u00fcsl\u00fcman toplumlar aras\u0131nda ciddi bir Bol\u015fevik taraftar kitlesinin do\u011fmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><\/ul><h3 id=\"tk-turkistan-milli-mucadelesi-ve-basmaci-hareketi\" data-tk-source=\"52\"><strong>T\u00fcrkistan Mill\u00ee M\u00fccadelesi ve Basmac\u0131 Hareketi<\/strong><\/h3><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"53\"><strong>Genel Durum:<\/strong> <strong>1905<\/strong> y\u0131l\u0131nda Rus Devleti ile <strong>Azerbaycan<\/strong>, <strong>Tatar<\/strong>, <strong>K\u0131r\u0131m<\/strong>, <strong>Avar<\/strong>, <strong>Da\u011f\u0131stan<\/strong> ve <strong>T\u00fcrkistan T\u00fcrkleri<\/strong> (<strong>\u00d6zbek<\/strong>, <strong>Kazak<\/strong>, <strong>K\u0131rg\u0131z<\/strong>, <strong>T\u00fcrkmen<\/strong>) aras\u0131nda istenilen siyasi birlik sa\u011flanamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te T\u00fcrk d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131 birle\u015ftirmeyi ama\u00e7layan <strong>Cedidcilik<\/strong> ak\u0131m\u0131 (\u00f6nc\u00fcs\u00fc <strong>\u0130smail <\/strong><strong>Gasp\u0131ral\u0131<\/strong>) \u00f6nemli bir fikri zemin olu\u015fturmu\u015ftur.<\/li><\/ul><h3 id=\"tk-basmaci-hareketi\" data-tk-source=\"54\"><strong>Basmac\u0131 Hareketi<\/strong><\/h3><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"55\"><strong>Tan\u0131m\u0131 ve Do\u011fu\u015fu:<\/strong> Ruslar\u0131n <strong>Hokand<\/strong><strong> Mill\u00ee H\u00fck\u00fbmetini<\/strong> devirip katliamlara ba\u015flamas\u0131 \u00fczerine, komutan anlam\u0131na gelen <strong>Erga\u015f<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>Korba\u015f\u0131<\/strong> \u00f6nderli\u011finde ba\u015flat\u0131lan T\u00fcrkistan&#8217;\u0131n mill\u00ee direni\u015fidir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"56\"><strong>Geli\u015fimi:<\/strong> <strong>1916<\/strong>&#8216;da ba\u015flayan isyanlar, <strong>1918<\/strong>&#8216;de t\u00fcm <strong>Fergana<\/strong><strong> Vadisi<\/strong>&#8216;ne yay\u0131larak topyek\u00fbn bir ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k sava\u015f\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"57\"><strong>Kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar ve Slogan:<\/strong> K\u00f6yl\u00fcler, sanatk\u00e2rlar, din adamlar\u0131 ve reformistlerin kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu b\u00fcy\u00fck hareketin temel parolas\u0131 T\u00fcrkistan, T\u00fcrkistanl\u0131lar\u0131nd\u0131r olmu\u015ftur.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"58\"><strong>Hareketin 3 D\u00f6nemi:<\/strong><\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"59\"><strong>Birinci D\u00f6nem (1918-1921):<\/strong> Hareketin \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme ve b\u00f6lgesel isyan y\u0131llar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"60\"><strong>\u0130kinci D\u00f6nem (1921-1922) \/ Mill\u00ee Direni\u015fin Zirvesi:<\/strong> <strong>8 Kas\u0131m 1921<\/strong>&#8216;de <strong>Buhara<\/strong>&#8216;ya gelen <strong>Enver Pa\u015fa<\/strong>, tam ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z T\u00fcrkistan i\u00e7in hareketi tek elde toplam\u0131\u015f ve liderli\u011fi \u00fcstlenmi\u015ftir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"61\"><strong>\u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc D\u00f6nem (1922-1935):<\/strong> <strong>1922<\/strong>&#8216;de ani bir bask\u0131nla <strong>Enver Pa\u015fa<\/strong>&#8216;n\u0131n \u015fehit edilmesiyle ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Hareket aralar\u0131nda tam bir birlik sa\u011flanamamas\u0131 ve modern silahlardan yoksun olmalar\u0131 sebebiyle <strong>1924<\/strong>&#8216;te b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde bast\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olsa da aral\u0131kl\u0131 direni\u015fler <strong>1935<\/strong>&#8216;e kadar s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"62\"><strong>Sonu\u00e7:<\/strong> <strong>1936<\/strong>&#8216;da Sovyet T\u00fcrk devletleri kurularak <strong>SSCB<\/strong>&#8216;ye ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015f ve T\u00fcrkistan mill\u00ee m\u00fccadelesi kesin olarak sona erdirilmi\u015ftir.<\/li><\/ul><h3 id=\"tk-gazavat-muridizm-direnis-hareketi\" data-tk-source=\"63\"><strong>Gazav\u00e2t<\/strong><strong> \/ <\/strong><strong>M\u00fcridizm<\/strong><strong> Direni\u015f Hareketi<\/strong><\/h3><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"64\"><strong>Tan\u0131m\u0131:<\/strong> <strong>XVIII. y\u00fczy\u0131lda<\/strong> \u00c7arl\u0131k Rusyas\u0131&#8217;n\u0131n <strong>Kafkasya<\/strong>&#8216;y\u0131 i\u015fgaline kar\u015f\u0131 ba\u015flayan din\u00ee ve mill\u00ee direni\u015ftir. Ruslar bu harekete <strong>M\u00fcridizm<\/strong>, M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar ise <strong>Gazav\u00e2t<\/strong> ad\u0131n\u0131 vermi\u015ftir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"65\"><strong>Amac\u0131:<\/strong> Tasavvuf k\u00f6kenli bu siyasi hareket; farkl\u0131 dilleri konu\u015fan ve farkl\u0131 etnik k\u00f6kenlere sahip Kuzey Kafkasya halklar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamay\u0131 hedeflemi\u015ftir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"66\"><strong>\u00d6nemli Lider:<\/strong> Direni\u015f hareketi, b\u00fcy\u00fck komutan <strong>\u015eeyh \u015eamil<\/strong> (Kafkas Kartal\u0131) ile adeta \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015fmi\u015ftir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"67\"><strong>Sovyet D\u00f6nemi Bak\u0131\u015f\u0131 (1917-1922):<\/strong> Sovyet y\u00f6netimi ilk ba\u015flarda bu hareketi ilerici, demokratik bir mill\u00ee kurtulu\u015f m\u00fccadelesi olarak tan\u0131mlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><\/ul><h3 id=\"tk-cecenistan-meselesi-yakin-tarih-baglantisi\" data-tk-source=\"68\"><strong>\u00c7e\u00e7enistan Meselesi (Yak\u0131n Tarih Ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131)<\/strong><\/h3><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"69\"><strong>SSCB<\/strong>&#8216;nin <strong>1991<\/strong>&#8216;de da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00fczerine <strong>Grozni<\/strong>&#8216;yi kontrol eden <strong>General <\/strong><strong>Cahar<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>Dudayev<\/strong>, <strong>\u00c7e\u00e7en <\/strong><strong>\u0130\u015fkerya<\/strong><strong> Cumhuriyeti&#8217;ni (\u00c7\u0130C)<\/strong> kurdu\u011funu ilan etmi\u015ftir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"70\">Bu ilan, 1990&#8217;lar\u0131n ilk yar\u0131s\u0131nda \u015fiddetlenerek <strong>1994<\/strong>&#8216;te <strong>\u00c7\u0130C<\/strong> ve <strong>Rusya Federasyonu<\/strong> aras\u0131nda sava\u015fa d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"71\"><strong>1997 <\/strong><strong>Hasavyurt<\/strong><strong> Antla\u015fmas\u0131<\/strong> ile <strong>\u00c7e\u00e7enistan<\/strong>&#8216;a yar\u0131 \u00f6zerklik tan\u0131nsa da, <strong>Eyl\u00fcl 1999<\/strong>&#8216;da Rus birliklerinin tekrar i\u015fgale ba\u015flamas\u0131yla b\u00f6lgede bar\u0131\u015f tamamen bozulmu\u015ftur.<\/li><\/ul><h3 id=\"tk-azerbaycan-ve-mehmet-emin-resulzade-1884-1955\" data-tk-source=\"72\"><strong>Azerbaycan ve Mehmet Emin <\/strong><strong>Resulz\u00e2de<\/strong><strong> (1884-1955)<\/strong><\/h3><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"73\"><strong>Azeri T\u00fcrk\u00fc:<\/strong> O\u011fuzlar\u0131n devam\u0131 niteli\u011finde olan ve <strong>Hazar Denizi<\/strong>&#8216;nin g\u00fcneybat\u0131s\u0131nda yer alan T\u00fcrklere verilen isimdir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"74\"><strong>M\u00fccadelenin Ba\u015flamas\u0131:<\/strong> <strong>1901<\/strong>&#8216;de ba\u015flat\u0131lan <strong>Mill\u00ee Azatl\u0131k Hareketi<\/strong> sonu\u00e7suz kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu zor ortamda <strong>Mehmet Emin <\/strong><strong>Resulz\u00e2de<\/strong> b\u00fcy\u00fck bir lider olarak tarih sahnesine \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"75\"><strong>Fikir D\u00fcnyas\u0131:<\/strong> Hitabeti, milliyet\u00e7ili\u011fi ve devlet\u00e7ilik anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131yla kitleleri etkileyen <strong>Resulz\u00e2de<\/strong>; <strong>\u0130smail <\/strong><strong>Gasp\u0131ral\u0131<\/strong>, <strong>Ziya G\u00f6kalp<\/strong> ve <strong>Yusuf Ak\u00e7ura<\/strong> gibi T\u00fcrk ayd\u0131nlar\u0131ndan derinden etkilenmi\u015ftir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"76\"><strong>Siyasi \u00d6rg\u00fctlenme:<\/strong> \u00c7ar bask\u0131s\u0131yla <strong>1908<\/strong>&#8216;de <strong>\u0130ran<\/strong>&#8216;a gitmi\u015f, <strong>1911<\/strong>&#8216;de kurulan <strong>M\u00fcsavat Partisi<\/strong> ile Azerbaycan&#8217;\u0131n direni\u015fini siyasi bir tabana oturtmu\u015ftur.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"77\"><strong>Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k:<\/strong> <strong>I. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131<\/strong>&#8216;n\u0131n bitimiyle <strong>28 May\u0131s 1918<\/strong>&#8216;de <strong>Azerbaycan Halk Cumhuriyeti<\/strong> kurularak ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k ilan edilmi\u015ftir. (Do\u011fu&#8217;nun ilk demokratik T\u00fcrk cumhuriyetidir).<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"78\"><strong>Devletin 3 Temel \u0130deali:<\/strong> T\u00fcrkle\u015fmek, \u0130slamla\u015fmak, Muas\u0131rla\u015fmak.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"79\"><strong>Sovyet \u0130\u015fgali:<\/strong> <strong>28 Nisan 1920<\/strong>&#8216;de Sovyet idaresi devleti y\u0131karak y\u00f6netimi ele ge\u00e7irmi\u015f, <strong>Mehmet Emin <\/strong><strong>Resulz\u00e2de<\/strong> <strong>T\u00fcrkiye<\/strong>&#8216;ye s\u0131\u011f\u0131nmak zorunda kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"80\"><strong>Yeniden Kurulu\u015f:<\/strong> Azerbaycan Devleti, <strong>SSCB<\/strong>&#8216;nin resmen da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131yla <strong>1991<\/strong>&#8216;de yeniden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><\/ul><h3 id=\"tk-baskortostan-ve-ahmet-zeki-velidi-togan-1890-1970\" data-tk-source=\"81\"><strong>Ba\u015fkortostan<\/strong><strong> ve Ahmet Zeki <\/strong><strong>Velid\u00ee<\/strong><strong> Togan (1890-1970)<\/strong><\/h3><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"82\"><strong>Liderin Arka Plan\u0131:<\/strong> Ba\u015fkortlar\u0131n mill\u00ee sembol\u00fc olan <strong>Ahmet Zeki <\/strong><strong>Velid\u00ee<\/strong><strong> Togan<\/strong>, <strong>10 Aral\u0131k 1890<\/strong>&#8216;da Ba\u015fkort b\u00f6lgesi, \u0130\u015fimbay kazas\u0131, K\u00fczen k\u00f6y\u00fcnde do\u011fmu\u015ftur.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"83\"><strong>Devletin Kurulu\u015fu:<\/strong> <strong>Togan<\/strong> \u00f6nderli\u011finde Rusya M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131 Kongresi&#8217;ne kat\u0131lan Ba\u015fkortlar, <strong>1919<\/strong>&#8216;da <strong>Ba\u015fkort<\/strong><strong> Otonom Cumhuriyeti<\/strong>&#8216;ni kurmu\u015flard\u0131r. Aktif g\u00f6rev alan <strong>Togan<\/strong> k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede devlet ba\u015fkan\u0131 olmu\u015ftur.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"84\"><strong>Sovyetlerle Kopu\u015f ve M\u00fccadele:<\/strong> Sovyetlerle siyasi ba\u011f\u0131 kopunca <strong>G\u00fcney T\u00fcrkistan<\/strong>&#8216;a ge\u00e7mi\u015f, <strong>1921<\/strong>&#8216;de <strong>T\u00fcrkistan Mill\u00ee Birli\u011fi<\/strong>&#8216;nin ba\u015fkan\u0131 olmu\u015f ve <strong>Basmac\u0131 Hareketi<\/strong>&#8216;ne kat\u0131larak Bol\u015feviklerle bizzat \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"85\"><strong>S\u00fcrg\u00fcn ve Bilimsel Hayat:<\/strong> Hareketin <strong>1923<\/strong>&#8216;te ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa u\u011framas\u0131yla \u0130ran, Afganistan ve Hindistan \u00fczerinden Avrupa&#8217;ya gitmi\u015f, <strong>1925<\/strong>&#8216;te <strong>T\u00fcrkiye<\/strong>&#8216;ye gelmi\u015ftir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"86\"><strong>Vefat\u0131:<\/strong> Yurti\u00e7i ve yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bir\u00e7ok \u00fcniversitede tarih profes\u00f6r\u00fc olarak g\u00f6rev yapm\u0131\u015f, <strong>1970<\/strong>&#8216;te \u0130stanbul \u00dcniversitesinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi bir ameliyat sonras\u0131 hayata veda etmi\u015ftir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"87\"><strong>Miras\u0131:<\/strong> T\u00fcrk-\u0130slam tarihi i\u00e7in yeri doldurulamaz bir bilim insan\u0131, T\u00fcrk d\u00fcnyas\u0131 i\u00e7in ise fedak\u00e2r bir siyaset adam\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li><\/ul><\/section><section class=\"tk-kart\"><h2 id=\"tk-orta-dogu-da-manda-yonetimleri-kurulmasinin-ve-afrika-daki-somurgecili\" data-tk-source=\"88\"><strong>ORTA DO\u011eU\u2019DA MANDA Y\u00d6NET\u0130MLER\u0130 KURULMASININ VE AFR\u0130KA\u2019DAK\u0130 S\u00d6M\u00dcRGEC\u0130L\u0130K FAAL\u0130YETLER\u0130N\u0130N S\u0130YAS\u0130 SONU\u00c7LARI<\/strong><\/h2><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"89\"><strong>Orta Do\u011fu<\/strong> kavram\u0131, co\u011frafi bir tan\u0131mlamadan ziyade Bat\u0131 medeniyeti taraf\u0131ndan belirlenen siyasi bir terimdir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"90\"><strong>Dar Kapsaml\u0131 Bak\u0131\u015f A\u00e7\u0131s\u0131yla Orta Do\u011fu:<\/strong> <strong>T\u00fcrkiye<\/strong>, <strong>\u0130ran<\/strong>, <strong>M\u0131s\u0131r<\/strong> \u00fc\u00e7genini ve bu \u00fc\u00e7gen i\u00e7erisinde yer alan \u00fclkeleri kapsar.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"91\"><strong>Geni\u015f Kapsaml\u0131 Bak\u0131\u015f A\u00e7\u0131s\u0131yla Orta Do\u011fu:<\/strong> Bu devletleri ve onlara kom\u015fu olan baz\u0131 M\u00fcsl\u00fcman \u00fclkeleri (<strong>Kuzey Afrika<\/strong>, <strong>Sudan<\/strong>, <strong>Somali<\/strong>, <strong>Pakistan<\/strong>, <strong>Afganistan<\/strong> gibi) i\u00e7ine al\u0131r.<\/li><\/ul><h3 id=\"tk-osmanli-devleti-nin-yikilisinin-orta-dogu-ya-etkileri\" data-tk-source=\"92\"><strong>Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin Y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n Orta Do\u011fu\u2019ya Etkileri<\/strong><\/h3><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"93\"><strong>Orta Do\u011fu<\/strong>, <strong>XVI. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan<\/strong> <strong>XIX. y\u00fczy\u0131la<\/strong> kadar (<strong>\u0130ran<\/strong> hari\u00e7) <strong>Osmanl\u0131 Devleti<\/strong>\u2019nin h\u00e2kimiyetinde kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"94\">B\u00f6lge; <strong>Musevilik<\/strong>, <strong>Hristiyanl\u0131k<\/strong> ve <strong>M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanl\u0131k<\/strong> olmak \u00fczere \u00fc\u00e7 semavi dinin do\u011fu\u015f yeridir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"95\"><strong>Co\u011frafi Ke\u015fifler<\/strong> ile \u00f6nemi azalan Orta Do\u011fu; <strong>1869<\/strong>\u2019da <strong>S\u00fcvey\u015f Kanal\u0131<\/strong>\u2019n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131, hava yollar\u0131n\u0131n devreye girmesi ve petrol \u00fcretiminin artmas\u0131yla yeniden stratejik \u00f6nem kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"96\">\u00d6zellikle petrol kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n zenginli\u011fi, Orta Do\u011fu\u2019yu B\u00fcy\u00fck Devletler i\u00e7in bir rekabet alan\u0131 h\u00e2line getirmi\u015ftir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"97\"><strong>\u0130ngiltere<\/strong>, <strong>Osmanl\u0131 Devleti<\/strong>\u2019nin <strong>XIX. y\u00fczy\u0131lda<\/strong> kendisine tan\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 kapit\u00fclasyonlar sayesinde b\u00f6lgedeki \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131 korumu\u015ftur.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"98\"><strong>I. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131<\/strong>\u2019nda <strong>Osmanl\u0131 Devleti<\/strong>\u2019nin <strong>\u0130ttifak Devletleri<\/strong> grubunda yer almas\u0131, <strong>\u0130tilaf Devletleri<\/strong>\u2019nin b\u00f6lgeyi payla\u015f\u0131m planlar\u0131 haz\u0131rlamas\u0131na yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu ama\u00e7la gizli antla\u015fmalar yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><\/ul><h3 id=\"tk-mcmahon-mekmehin-antlasmasi-1915\" data-tk-source=\"99\"><strong>McMahon<\/strong><strong> (<\/strong><strong>Mekmeh\u0131n<\/strong><strong>) Antla\u015fmas\u0131 (1915)<\/strong><\/h3><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"100\"><strong>\u0130ngiltere<\/strong>\u2019nin M\u0131s\u0131r Valisi <strong>Henry <\/strong><strong>McMahon<\/strong> ile Hicaz Emiri <strong>\u015eerif H\u00fcseyin<\/strong> aras\u0131nda yap\u0131lan gizli antla\u015fmad\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"101\"><strong>Antla\u015fman\u0131n \u0130\u00e7eri\u011fi:<\/strong> Araplar\u0131n Osmanl\u0131lara kar\u015f\u0131 isyan etmesi h\u00e2linde; <strong>Arap Yar\u0131madas\u0131<\/strong>, <strong>Suriye<\/strong> ve <strong>Irak<\/strong>\u2019\u0131 i\u00e7ine alacak ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir Arap Devleti tan\u0131nacakt\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"102\">Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k <strong>\u015eerif H\u00fcseyin<\/strong>, <strong>\u0130ngiltere<\/strong>\u2019ye ekonomik konularda \u00f6ncelik verecektir. Bu antla\u015fma, Osmanl\u0131&#8217;daki <strong>\u00dcmmet\u00e7ilik (\u0130slamc\u0131l\u0131k)<\/strong> idealinin ge\u00e7erlili\u011fini yitirdi\u011finin en net kan\u0131t\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li><\/ul><h3 id=\"tk-sykes-picot-saykis-piko-antlasmasi-1916\" data-tk-source=\"103\"><strong>Sykes-Picot (<\/strong><strong>Sayk\u0131s<\/strong><strong> Piko) Antla\u015fmas\u0131 (1916)<\/strong><\/h3><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"104\"><strong>\u0130ngiltere<\/strong> (<strong>Mark <\/strong><strong>Sykes<\/strong>) ve <strong>Fransa<\/strong> (<strong>Georges <\/strong><strong>Picot<\/strong>) aras\u0131nda imzalanan Orta Do\u011fu&#8217;yu payla\u015fma odakl\u0131 gizli antla\u015fmad\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"105\"><strong>Payla\u015f\u0131m Plan\u0131:<\/strong><\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"106\">Do\u011fu Anadolu, Do\u011fu Karadeniz ve \u0130stanbul b\u00f6lgeleri <strong>Rusya<\/strong>\u2019ya,<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"107\">Adana, Antakya b\u00f6lgesi, Suriye k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131 ve L\u00fcbnan b\u00f6lgesi <strong>Fransa<\/strong>\u2019ya,<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"108\">Irak (Musul hari\u00e7) b\u00f6lgesi <strong>\u0130ngiltere<\/strong>\u2019ye b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"109\">Bu gizli antla\u015fmalar, <strong>Ekim Devrimi<\/strong> sonras\u0131 sava\u015ftan \u00e7ekilen <strong>Sovyet Rusya<\/strong> taraf\u0131ndan <strong>Sar\u0131 Kitap (<\/strong><strong>Yellow<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>Book<\/strong><strong>)<\/strong> yay\u0131mlanarak t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyaya if\u015fa edilmi\u015ftir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"110\">B\u00f6lgede h\u00e2kimiyet kurmak isteyen emperyalist devletler, ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k ve milliyet\u00e7ilik s\u00f6ylemlerini kullanarak b\u00f6lgedeki Osmanl\u0131 h\u00e2kimiyetine son vermi\u015ftir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"111\"><strong>Osmanl\u0131 Devleti<\/strong>\u2019nin y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131yla b\u00f6lgede etnik ve din\u00ee farkl\u0131l\u0131klara dayal\u0131, istedikleri gibi idare edebilecekleri <strong>manda y\u00f6netimleri<\/strong> kurmu\u015flard\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"112\">Kendi \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 do\u011frultusunda, etnik ve din\u00ee farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 b\u00f6lgede bir karga\u015fa unsuru olarak her zaman kullanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/li><\/ul><h3 id=\"tk-buyuk-guclerin-orta-dogu-ve-afrika-politikalari\" data-tk-source=\"113\"><strong>B\u00fcy\u00fck G\u00fc\u00e7lerin Orta Do\u011fu ve Afrika Politikalar\u0131<\/strong><\/h3><h3 id=\"tk-balfour-balfur-deklarasyonu-2-kasim-1917\" data-tk-source=\"114\"><strong>Balfour<\/strong><strong> (<\/strong><strong>Balfur<\/strong><strong>) Deklarasyonu (2 Kas\u0131m 1917)<\/strong><\/h3><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"115\"><strong>\u0130ngiliz D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakan\u0131 Lord Arthur <\/strong><strong>Balfour<\/strong>, <strong>Uluslararas\u0131 Siyonizm Hareketi<\/strong>\u2019nin liderlerinden <strong>Lord Rothschild<\/strong>\u2019a bir mektup g\u00f6ndermi\u015ftir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"116\">Mektupta, <strong>Filistin<\/strong>\u2019de Yahudilere bir yurt kurulmas\u0131 \u00e7abas\u0131n\u0131n <strong>\u0130ngiltere<\/strong> taraf\u0131ndan desteklenece\u011fi bildirilmi\u015ftir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"117\">Bu deklarasyonla <strong>\u0130ngiltere<\/strong>, <strong>ABD<\/strong>\u2019nin sempatisini kazanmay\u0131 ama\u00e7lam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"118\">\u0130tilaf Devletleri taraf\u0131ndan da desteklenen bu bildiri, b\u00f6lgede kurulacak <strong>\u0130srail Devleti<\/strong>\u2019nin temeli olmu\u015ftur.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"119\"><strong>\u00d6zetle:<\/strong> <strong>Sykes-Picot Antla\u015fmas\u0131<\/strong> (toprak payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131) ve <strong>Balfour<\/strong><strong> Deklarasyonu<\/strong> (Yahudi devleti vaadi), Orta Do\u011fu\u2019nun \u015fekillenmesindeki en \u00f6nemli yap\u0131 ta\u015flar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li><\/ul><h3 id=\"tk-a-ingiltere-nin-orta-dogu-politikalari\" data-tk-source=\"120\"><strong>a) \u0130ngiltere\u2019nin Orta Do\u011fu Politikalar\u0131<\/strong><\/h3><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"121\">Orta Do\u011fu, <strong>\u0130ngiltere<\/strong>\u2019nin s\u00f6m\u00fcrgeleriyle ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 (\u00f6zellikle Hindistan yolu) sa\u011flayan kilit konumdayd\u0131. <strong>1869<\/strong>\u2019da <strong>S\u00fcvey\u015f Kanal\u0131<\/strong>\u2019n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 bu \u00f6nemi daha da art\u0131rd\u0131.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"122\"><strong>1878 Berlin Antla\u015fmas\u0131<\/strong>\u2019ndan sonra <strong>\u0130ngiltere<\/strong>, Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin toprak b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc koruma politikas\u0131n\u0131 (denge politikas\u0131) terk ederek Osmanl\u0131 topraklar\u0131n\u0131 i\u015fgale ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"123\"><strong>I. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131<\/strong> s\u0131ras\u0131nda <strong>Mekke \u015eerifi H\u00fcseyin<\/strong> ile yap\u0131lan <strong>McMahon<\/strong><strong> Antla\u015fmas\u0131<\/strong> ile ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z Arap Devleti s\u00f6z\u00fc verildi, ancak sava\u015f sonras\u0131nda Araplar\u0131n beklentileri kar\u015f\u0131lanmad\u0131.<\/li><\/ul><h3 id=\"tk-orta-dogu-da-ingiliz-manda-yonetimleri\" data-tk-source=\"124\"><strong>Orta Do\u011fu\u2019da \u0130ngiliz Manda Y\u00f6netimleri:<\/strong><\/h3><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"125\"><strong>Irak:<\/strong> <strong>San Remo Konferans\u0131<\/strong> ile Irak\u2019\u0131n manda idaresi <strong>\u0130ngiltere<\/strong>\u2019ye teslim edildi. \u0130ngiltere, \u015eerif H\u00fcseyin\u2019in o\u011flu <strong>Faysal<\/strong>\u2019\u0131 kral yaparak <strong>1922<\/strong>\u2019de Irak&#8217;a \u00f6zerklik verdi. <strong>1930<\/strong>\u2019da ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131d\u0131, Irak <strong>1932<\/strong>\u2019de <strong>Milletler Cemiyeti<\/strong>&#8216;ne \u00fcye oldu.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"126\"><strong>M\u0131s\u0131r:<\/strong> Osmanl\u0131&#8217;n\u0131n sava\u015fa girmesi \u00fczerine <strong>Aral\u0131k 1914<\/strong>\u2019te \u0130ngiltere M\u0131s\u0131r&#8217;da h\u00e2kimiyet kurdu. <strong>28 \u015eubat 1922<\/strong> deklarasyonu ile M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ilan etti; ancak S\u00fcvey\u015f Kanal\u0131&#8217;n\u0131n kontrol\u00fcn\u00fc elinde tuttu. <strong>1936<\/strong> antla\u015fmas\u0131 ile \u0130ngiltere tamamen \u00e7ekildi, M\u0131s\u0131r <strong>May\u0131s 1937<\/strong>\u2019de cemiyete \u00fcye oldu.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"127\"><strong>Arabistan:<\/strong> Sava\u015f s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u015eerif H\u00fcseyin ile m\u00fccadele eden Suud ailesinden <strong>Abd\u00fclaziz \u0130bni Suud<\/strong>, <strong>Ocak 1926<\/strong>\u2019da kendisini Hicaz Kral\u0131 ilan etti. <strong>1932<\/strong>\u2019de <strong>Suudi Arabistan Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/strong> kuruldu ve cemiyete kat\u0131ld\u0131.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"128\"><strong>\u00dcrd\u00fcn:<\/strong> Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta Frans\u0131z mandas\u0131ndaki Suriye Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019na d\u00e2hildi. <strong>Eyl\u00fcl 1922<\/strong>\u2019de cemiyet karar\u0131 ile \u0130ngiltere mandas\u0131na b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131. <strong>1946<\/strong>\u2019da ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kazand\u0131.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"129\"><strong>Filistin:<\/strong> \u0130ngiltere, <strong>Balfour<\/strong><strong> Deklarasyonu<\/strong> ile Yahudi devletini destekledi. <strong>San Remo Konferans\u0131<\/strong> kararlar\u0131yla Filistin \u0130ngiliz mandas\u0131na verildi. <strong>II. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131<\/strong> sonras\u0131, <strong>1948<\/strong>\u2019de <strong>\u0130srail Devleti<\/strong> kuruldu.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"130\"><strong>Yemen:<\/strong> Osmanl\u0131&#8217;n\u0131n y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131yla ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 fiili durum olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. <strong>\u0130mam Yahya<\/strong> \u00f6nderli\u011finde \u0130ngilizlere kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadele edildi. <strong>\u0130ngiltere<\/strong>, <strong>1934<\/strong>\u2019te Yemen\u2019in ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131d\u0131.<\/li><\/ul><h3 id=\"tk-b-fransa-nin-orta-dogu-politikalari\" data-tk-source=\"131\"><strong>b) Fransa\u2019n\u0131n Orta Do\u011fu Politikalar\u0131<\/strong><\/h3><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"132\"><strong>San Remo Konferans\u0131<\/strong> ile <strong>Suriye<\/strong> ve <strong>L\u00fcbnan<\/strong>, Frans\u0131z mandas\u0131na verildi.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"133\">Araplar\u0131n &#8220;B\u00fcy\u00fck Suriye Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131&#8221; beklentisi kar\u015f\u0131lanmad\u0131. Bu durum Suriye&#8217;de Frans\u0131zlara kar\u015f\u0131 isyana yol a\u00e7t\u0131.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"134\"><strong>Temmuz 1920<\/strong>\u2019de Frans\u0131zlar \u015eam\u2019a girdi, <strong>Kral Faysal<\/strong> kovularak y\u00f6netime Frans\u0131z y\u00fcksek komiseri getirildi.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"135\"><strong>Fransa&#8217;n\u0131n B\u00f6l ve Y\u00f6net Politikas\u0131:<\/strong> Suriye\u2019de muhalefeti k\u0131rmak i\u00e7in \u00fclkeyi be\u015f siyasi b\u00f6lgeye ay\u0131rd\u0131 (<strong>L\u00fcbnan<\/strong>, <strong>Alevi<\/strong>, <strong>D\u00fcrzi<\/strong>, <strong>Halep<\/strong> ve <strong>\u015eam<\/strong>). Bunlardan yaln\u0131zca <strong>L\u00fcbnan<\/strong> g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 korumu\u015ftur.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"136\">Muhalefeti dizginlemek i\u00e7in <strong>May\u0131s 1926<\/strong>\u2019da L\u00fcbnan\u2019a, <strong>May\u0131s 1930<\/strong>\u2019da Suriye\u2019ye s\u00f6zde ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k verip Cumhuriyet ilan ettiler.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"137\">\u0130talyan ve Alman yay\u0131lmac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 tehdidi \u00fczerine <strong>1936<\/strong>\u2019da b\u00f6lgeden \u00e7ekilmeye ba\u015flad\u0131lar. Fransa\u2019n\u0131n b\u00f6lgeden tamamen \u00e7ekilmesi <strong>1946<\/strong> y\u0131l\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti.<\/li><\/ul><h3 id=\"tk-manda-somurge-emperyalizm-kavram-haritasi\" data-tk-source=\"138\"><strong>Manda &#8211;<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>S\u00f6m\u00fcrge &#8211;<\/strong><strong> Emperyalizm Kavram Haritas\u0131<\/strong><\/h3><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"139\"><strong>Manda:<\/strong> <strong>I. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131<\/strong>\u2019ndan sonra, az geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclkeleri kendi kendilerini y\u00f6netecek d\u00fczeye getirene kadar <strong>Milletler Cemiyeti<\/strong> ad\u0131na idare etmesi i\u00e7in B\u00fcy\u00fck Devletlere verilen vekillik sistemidir. (\u00d6z\u00fcnde s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecili\u011fin k\u0131l\u0131f de\u011fi\u015ftirmi\u015f h\u00e2lidir).<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"140\"><strong>S\u00f6m\u00fcrge:<\/strong> G\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir \u00fclkenin, zenginle\u015fmek amac\u0131yla daha zay\u0131f bir \u00fclkenin kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irip kullanmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"141\"><strong>Emperyalizm (Yay\u0131lmac\u0131l\u0131k):<\/strong> Bir devletin ba\u015fka uluslar \u00fczerinde kendi \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 do\u011frultusunda siyasi, ekonomik ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel etki kurarak t\u00fcm kaynaklar\u0131ndan yararlanma hakk\u0131n\u0131 kendinde g\u00f6rmesidir.<\/li><\/ul><\/section><section class=\"tk-kart\"><h2 id=\"tk-modern-kara-deniz-ve-hava-hakimiyet-teorileri\" data-tk-source=\"142\"><strong>MODERN KARA, DEN\u0130Z VE HAVA H\u00c2K\u0130M\u0130YET TEOR\u0130LER\u0130<\/strong><\/h2><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"143\"><strong>XIX. y\u00fczy\u0131lda<\/strong> Avrupal\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7ler, zenginli\u011fi ve g\u00fcc\u00fc \u00e7evre b\u00f6lgelere h\u00e2kim olmakla e\u015f de\u011fer g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f ve jeopolitik g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flere g\u00f6re politika \u00fcretmi\u015ftir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"144\"><strong>Deniz H\u00e2kimiyet Teorisi:<\/strong> <strong>Alfred <\/strong><strong>Thayer<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>Mahan<\/strong> taraf\u0131ndan ortaya at\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Temel felsefesi: D\u00fcnya egemenli\u011finin anahtar\u0131 deniz yollar\u0131n\u0131n kontrol\u00fcndedir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"145\"><strong>Kara H\u00e2kimiyet Teorisi:<\/strong> <strong>Halford<\/strong><strong> J. <\/strong><strong>Mackinder<\/strong> taraf\u0131ndan geli\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. Temel felsefesi: Karalara h\u00e2kim olan d\u00fcnyaya h\u00e2kim olur.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"146\"><strong>Hava H\u00e2kimiyet Teorisi:<\/strong> <strong>Harry A. <\/strong><strong>Sachaklian<\/strong> savunmu\u015ftur. Temel felsefesi: Havaya h\u00fckmeden bir millet t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyaya h\u00e2kim olur.<\/li><\/ul><\/section><section class=\"tk-kart\"><h2 id=\"tk-japonya-nin-uzak-dogu-da-yeni-bir-guc-olmasi\" data-tk-source=\"147\"><strong>JAPONYA\u2019NIN UZAK DO\u011eU\u2019DA YEN\u0130 B\u0130R G\u00dc\u00c7 OLMASI<\/strong><\/h2><h3 id=\"tk-modern-japonya-nin-dogusu-ve-meiji-meici-restorasyonu\" data-tk-source=\"148\"><strong>Modern Japonya\u2019n\u0131n Do\u011fu\u015fu ve <\/strong><strong>Meiji<\/strong><strong> (<\/strong><strong>Meici<\/strong><strong>) Restorasyonu<\/strong><\/h3><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"149\"><strong>XII. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n<\/strong> sonlar\u0131ndan itibaren <strong>Japonya<\/strong>&#8216;da &#8220;G\u00fcne\u015fin O\u011flu&#8221; say\u0131lan \u0130mparator sadece sembolik bir makamdayd\u0131.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"150\">\u00dclke, <strong>Daymiyo<\/strong> ad\u0131 verilen derebeyler taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6netiliyordu. Daymiyolar\u0131n en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcs\u00fc olan <strong>\u015eogun<\/strong>, merkez\u00ee y\u00f6netimin ba\u015f\u0131ndayd\u0131.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"151\"><strong>1624<\/strong>\u2019te <strong>\u015eogun<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>Tokugova<\/strong>\u2019n\u0131n ferman\u0131yla <strong>Japonya<\/strong> d\u0131\u015f d\u00fcnyaya kapand\u0131 ve bu izolasyon <strong>1853<\/strong>\u2019e kadar s\u00fcrd\u00fc.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"152\"><strong>XIX. y\u00fczy\u0131lda<\/strong> s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilik Uzak Do\u011fu&#8217;ya ula\u015ft\u0131: <strong>\u0130ngiltere<\/strong> ile <strong>\u00c7in<\/strong> aras\u0131nda <strong>1839-1842 Afyon Sava\u015f\u0131<\/strong> ya\u015fand\u0131. \u00c7in, Bat\u0131l\u0131lara ticaret antla\u015fmalar\u0131yla tavizler vermek zorunda kald\u0131.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"153\"><strong>Japonya<\/strong>, d\u0131\u015f bask\u0131lara dayanamayarak <strong>1854<\/strong>\u2019te <strong>ABD<\/strong>, ard\u0131ndan <strong>Rusya<\/strong>, <strong>\u0130ngiltere<\/strong> ve <strong>Hollanda<\/strong> ile antla\u015fmalar yap\u0131p konsolosluklara izin verdi.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"154\"><strong>1867<\/strong>\u2019de modern Japonya&#8217;n\u0131n kurucusu say\u0131lan <strong>\u0130mparator <\/strong><strong>Mutsuhito<\/strong><strong> (<\/strong><strong>Meiji<\/strong><strong>)<\/strong> tahta \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Bu d\u00f6neme <strong>Meiji<\/strong><strong> D\u00f6nemi (Ayd\u0131nlar D\u00f6nemi)<\/strong> denir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"155\"><strong>1868<\/strong>\u2019deki <strong>Meiji<\/strong><strong> Restorasyonu<\/strong> ile \u015eogun idaresi resmen y\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131. Egemenlik tamamen \u0130mparator&#8217;un eline ge\u00e7erek merkez\u00ee otorite sa\u011fland\u0131.<\/li><\/ul><h3 id=\"tk-japon-yayilmaciligi-ve-asya-nin-degisen-yuzu\" data-tk-source=\"156\"><strong>Japon Yay\u0131lmac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Asya\u2019n\u0131n De\u011fi\u015fen Y\u00fcz\u00fc<\/strong><\/h3><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"157\"><strong>1868-1912<\/strong> y\u0131llar\u0131n\u0131 kapsayan <strong>Meiji<\/strong><strong> Devri<\/strong>, Bat\u0131&#8217;n\u0131n as\u0131rlar s\u00fcren teknolojik geli\u015fimini k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede ba\u015fard\u0131.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"158\">Bat\u0131 seviyesine \u00e7\u0131kmak i\u00e7in Amerika ve Avrupa\u2019ya y\u00fczlerce \u00f6\u011frenci g\u00f6nderildi, Bat\u0131 modelinde ordu ve sanayi kuruldu.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"159\"><strong>XIX. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n<\/strong> sonunda <strong>Japonya<\/strong>, kapit\u00fclasyonlara son vererek Asya\u2019n\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00fcc\u00fcne d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc ve emperyalist politikalara ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"160\"><strong>Japon-\u00c7in Sava\u015f\u0131 (1894):<\/strong> Japonya&#8217;n\u0131n Kore \u00fczerindeki emelleri y\u00fcz\u00fcnden \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Japonya \u00c7in&#8217;i yendi ve <strong>\u015eimonoseki<\/strong><strong> Antla\u015fmas\u0131<\/strong> ile ciddi kazan\u0131mlar elde etti.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"161\"><strong>Rus-Japon Sava\u015f\u0131 (1904):<\/strong> B\u00f6lgede Rusya&#8217;n\u0131n yay\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00fczerine Japonya; donanmas\u0131n\u0131 <strong>Port Arthur Liman\u0131<\/strong>\u2019na sevk ederek Rusya&#8217;y\u0131 ma\u011flup etti.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"162\"><strong>Sonu\u00e7:<\/strong> Bu zaferle, d\u00fcnya siyasetindeki kuvvetler dengesi oyununa <strong>Japonya<\/strong> yeni ve \u00e7ok g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir akt\u00f6r olarak d\u00e2hil oldu.<\/li><\/ul><\/section><section class=\"tk-kart\"><h2 id=\"tk-iki-dunya-savasi-arasindaki-donemde-dunyada-meydana-gelen-siyasi-ve-ek\" data-tk-source=\"163\"><strong>\u0130K\u0130 D\u00dcNYA SAVA\u015eI ARASINDAK\u0130 D\u00d6NEMDE D\u00dcNYADA MEYDANA GELEN S\u0130YAS\u0130 VE EKONOM\u0130K GEL\u0130\u015eMELER<\/strong><\/h2><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"164\"><strong>Genel Durum:<\/strong> D\u00fcnya, <strong>I. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131<\/strong>&#8216;n\u0131n y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 etkilerinden kurtulamam\u0131\u015f ve h\u0131zla <strong>II. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131<\/strong>&#8216;na s\u00fcr\u00fcklenmi\u015ftir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"165\"><strong>ABD ve Avrupa:<\/strong> <strong>1929<\/strong> y\u0131l\u0131nda <strong>ABD<\/strong>&#8216;de patlak veren <strong>1929 Ekonomik Buhran\u0131 (B\u00fcy\u00fck Buhran)<\/strong> t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyay\u0131 sarsm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kriz nedeniyle <strong>Almanya<\/strong> sava\u015f tazminatlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6deyemez h\u00e2le gelmi\u015ftir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"166\"><strong>Rusya:<\/strong> <strong>Ekim Devrimi<\/strong> sonras\u0131nda <strong>SSCB<\/strong> kurulmu\u015f ve rejim sa\u011flamla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"167\"><strong>Japonya:<\/strong> Asya&#8217;daki rakibi <strong>\u00c7in<\/strong> \u00fczerindeki bask\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rma politikas\u0131 g\u00fctm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"168\"><strong>Cemiyet-i Akvam (Milletler Cemiyeti):<\/strong> K\u00fcresel bar\u0131\u015f\u0131 sa\u011flamak amac\u0131yla <strong>ABD Ba\u015fkan\u0131 <\/strong><strong>Woodrow<\/strong><strong> Wilson<\/strong>&#8216;\u0131n fikr\u00ee temellerini att\u0131\u011f\u0131 te\u015fkilat, <strong>1919 Paris Bar\u0131\u015f Konferans\u0131<\/strong>&#8216;nda kurulmu\u015f ve <strong>10 Ocak 1920<\/strong>&#8216;de faaliyete ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir.<\/li><\/ul><h3 id=\"tk-onemli-antlasmalar-ve-paktlar\" data-tk-source=\"169\"><strong>\u00d6nemli Antla\u015fmalar ve Paktlar:<\/strong><\/h3><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"170\"><strong>Locarno<\/strong><strong> Antla\u015fmas\u0131 (1 Aral\u0131k 1925):<\/strong> \u0130svi\u00e7re&#8217;nin <strong>Locarno<\/strong> \u015fehrinde; <strong>Fransa<\/strong>, <strong>Almanya<\/strong>, <strong>\u0130ngiltere<\/strong>, <strong>\u0130talya<\/strong>, <strong>Polonya<\/strong>, <strong>\u00c7ekoslovakya<\/strong> ve <strong>Bel\u00e7ika<\/strong> aras\u0131nda imzalanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"171\"><strong>Sonu\u00e7lar\u0131:<\/strong> Devletler s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 resmen tan\u0131m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Frans\u0131z-Alman ili\u015fkileri g\u00fcven ortam\u0131na girmi\u015ftir. Bu \u0131l\u0131man hava sayesinde <strong>Almanya<\/strong>, <strong>1926<\/strong>&#8216;da <strong>Milletler Cemiyeti<\/strong>&#8216;ne \u00fcye kabul edilmi\u015ftir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"172\"><strong>Briand<\/strong><strong>-Kellogg Pakt\u0131 (27 A\u011fustos 1928):<\/strong><\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"173\"><strong>Fransa<\/strong> ve <strong>ABD<\/strong>&#8216;nin \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde dokuz devlet aras\u0131nda imzalanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"174\"><strong>Kat\u0131l\u0131mlar:<\/strong> <strong>1929<\/strong> y\u0131l\u0131nda <strong>T\u00fcrkiye<\/strong> ve <strong>SSCB<\/strong> de bu pakta d\u00e2hil olmu\u015ftur.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi tk-alt-seviye\" data-tk-source=\"175\"><strong>Amac\u0131 ve Sonucu:<\/strong> Savunmaya dayanmayan sava\u015f (sald\u0131r\u0131 sava\u015f\u0131) kanun d\u0131\u015f\u0131 say\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak yapt\u0131r\u0131m g\u00fcc\u00fc olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in <strong>II. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131<\/strong>&#8216;n\u0131 engelleyememi\u015ftir.<\/li><\/ul><h3 id=\"tk-1929-dunya-ekonomik-buhrani\" data-tk-source=\"176\"><strong>1929 D\u00fcnya Ekonomik Buhran\u0131<\/strong><\/h3><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"177\">D\u00fcnya ekonomi tarihinin etki alan\u0131 ve y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan en a\u011f\u0131r krizi olarak kabul edilir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"178\"><strong>Krizin Ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131:<\/strong> Amerika&#8217;da, New York Menkul K\u0131ymetler Borsas\u0131&#8217;ndaki <strong>Wall Street<\/strong> hisse senedi fiyatlar\u0131n\u0131n aniden \u00e7\u00f6kmesiyle ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f, t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyaya yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><\/ul><h3 id=\"tk-abd-de-ekonomik-buhranin-ortaya-cikisi-sebepler\" data-tk-source=\"179\"><strong>ABD\u2019de Ekonomik Buhran\u0131n Ortaya \u00c7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131 (Sebepler):<\/strong><\/h3><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"180\"><strong>\u015eirket Birle\u015fmeleri ve Tekelle\u015fme:<\/strong> <strong>1929<\/strong>&#8216;a gelindi\u011finde t\u00fcm Amerikan ekonomisinin %50&#8217;sini sadece 200 holding kontrol eder h\u00e2le gelmi\u015ftir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"181\"><strong>Kredi Geri D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f Sorunlar\u0131:<\/strong> <strong>ABD<\/strong>&#8216;nin Avrupa&#8217;ya verdi\u011fi krediler geri al\u0131namam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"182\"><strong>Y\u00f6netim Zafiyeti:<\/strong> <strong>Ba\u015fkan Herbert Hoover<\/strong> y\u00f6netiminin ekonomi konusundaki tecr\u00fcbesizli\u011fi devlet m\u00fcdahalesini geciktirmi\u015ftir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"183\"><strong>\u0130thalat S\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131rmas\u0131 ve Stok Art\u0131\u015f\u0131:<\/strong> \u0130thalat k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar\u0131 d\u00fcnya genelinde mal stoklar\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rm\u0131\u015f, bu da fiyatlar\u0131n h\u0131zla d\u00fc\u015fmesine (<strong>deflasyon<\/strong>) sebep olmu\u015ftur.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"184\"><strong>Finansal ve Reel Ekonomi Uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131:<\/strong> <strong>Wall Street<\/strong>&#8216;teki spek\u00fclatif hisse fiyatlar\u0131 ile fabrikalar\u0131n ger\u00e7ek \u00fcretim kapasiteleri aras\u0131ndaki fark\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 sistemi \u00e7\u00f6kertmi\u015ftir.<\/li><\/ul><h3 id=\"tk-kara-persembe-ve-ekonomik-buhranin-sonuclari\" data-tk-source=\"185\"><strong>Kara Per\u015fembe ve Ekonomik Buhran\u0131n Sonu\u00e7lar\u0131:<\/strong><\/h3><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"186\"><strong>Suni B\u00fcy\u00fcme:<\/strong> 1920&#8217;li y\u0131llarda <strong>ABD<\/strong>&#8216;de \u00fcretime dayanmayan suni bir b\u00fcy\u00fcme ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"187\"><strong>Kara Per\u015fembe (24 Ekim 1929):<\/strong> <strong>New York Wall Street Borsas\u0131<\/strong> b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f ya\u015fam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Panik h\u00e2linde hisseler sat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"188\"><strong>Ekonomik ve Sosyal Y\u0131k\u0131m:<\/strong> Y\u00fczlerce \u015firket iflas etmi\u015f, 50 milyon insan i\u015fsiz kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Krizden en b\u00fcy\u00fck darbeyi alan <strong>ABD<\/strong>&#8216;deki \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f \u00e7ok uzun s\u00fcreli olmu\u015ftur.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"189\"><strong>Yeni Politikalar (New <\/strong><strong>Deal<\/strong><strong>):<\/strong> <strong>1932<\/strong> se\u00e7imlerini kazanan <strong>ABD Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Franklin D. Roosevelt<\/strong>, devletin ekonomiye m\u00fcdahale etti\u011fi <strong>New <\/strong><strong>Deal<\/strong><strong> (Yeni Antla\u015fma)<\/strong> politikalar\u0131n\u0131 uygulamaya koymu\u015ftur. <em>Ayr\u0131ca kriz d\u00f6neminde Avrupa&#8217;n\u0131n bor\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 ask\u0131ya alan <\/em><strong><em>Hoover Moratoryumu<\/em><\/strong><em> ilan edilmi\u015ftir.<\/em><\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"190\"><strong>Korumac\u0131 Ticaret:<\/strong> 1930&#8217;lu y\u0131llar, d\u0131\u015f ticarette g\u00fcmr\u00fck tarifesi, kota ve <strong>kliring<\/strong> (mal\u0131n malla takas\u0131) gibi \u00f6nlemlerin al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir d\u00f6nem olmu\u015ftur.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"191\"><strong>Siyasi Sonu\u00e7lar:<\/strong> Ekonomik kriz, bir\u00e7ok \u00fclkede a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 milliyet\u00e7i partilerin zafer kazanmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015f, silahlanma yar\u0131\u015f\u0131 h\u0131zlanm\u0131\u015f ve do\u011frudan <strong>II. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131<\/strong>&#8216;n\u0131n kap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 aralam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><\/ul><h3 id=\"tk-almanya-daki-hiper-enflasyonun-siyasi-ve-sosyal-sonuclari\" data-tk-source=\"192\"><strong>Almanya\u2019daki Hiper Enflasyonun Siyasi ve Sosyal Sonu\u00e7lar\u0131<\/strong><\/h3><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"193\"><strong>Versay (Versailles) Antla\u015fmas\u0131&#8217;n\u0131n Etkisi:<\/strong> Antla\u015fman\u0131n a\u011f\u0131r y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckleri <strong>Almanya<\/strong>&#8216;da i\u00e7 \u00e7eki\u015fmelere ve ekonominin \u00e7\u00f6kmesine yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"194\"><strong>\u0130\u00e7 \u00c7at\u0131\u015fmalar ve Darbe Giri\u015fimi:<\/strong> <strong>1919<\/strong>&#8216;daki kom\u00fcnist isyanlar\u0131, <strong>1920<\/strong> y\u0131l\u0131ndaki darbe giri\u015fimi takip etmi\u015ftir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"195\"><strong>Hiper Enflasyon:<\/strong> <strong>Versay<\/strong>&#8216;\u0131n a\u011f\u0131r tazminatlar\u0131 \u00fclkede paran\u0131n de\u011ferini tamamen yitirdi\u011fi hiper enflasyona neden olmu\u015ftur. (\u0130nsanlar ekmek almak i\u00e7in el arabalar\u0131yla para ta\u015f\u0131m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r).<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"196\"><strong>Siyasi Kutupla\u015fma ve Radikalle\u015fme:<\/strong> A\u011f\u0131r ko\u015fullar alt\u0131nda <strong>Adolf Hitler<\/strong> liderli\u011findeki <strong>Nazi Partisi<\/strong> h\u0131zla g\u00fc\u00e7lenmi\u015ftir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"197\"><strong>Sosyal \u00c7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f:<\/strong> Alman toplumu ayr\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f, demokrasi kesintiye u\u011fram\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu durum, \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n y\u00fckselmesine zemin haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><\/ul><\/section><section class=\"tk-kart\"><h2 id=\"tk-iki-dunya-savasi-arasindaki-donemde-dunyada-meydana-gelen-sosyokulture\" data-tk-source=\"198\"><strong>\u0130K\u0130 D\u00dcNYA SAVA\u015eI ARASINDAK\u0130 D\u00d6NEMDE D\u00dcNYADA MEYDANA GELEN SOSYOK\u00dcLT\u00dcREL OLAYLAR VE B\u0130L\u0130MSEL GEL\u0130\u015eMELER<\/strong><\/h2><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"199\"><strong>I. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131<\/strong>&#8216;n\u0131n y\u0131k\u0131m\u0131, Bat\u0131 d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirmi\u015ftir.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"200\">Sava\u015f sonras\u0131 d\u00f6nemde bir yandan bask\u0131c\u0131 totaliter anlay\u0131\u015flar g\u00fc\u00e7lenirken, di\u011fer yandan sava\u015f kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sanat ve edebiyatta a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><\/ul><h3 id=\"tk-donemi-yansitan-uc-isim-ve-eserleri\" data-tk-source=\"201\"><strong>D\u00f6nemi Yans\u0131tan \u00dc\u00e7 \u0130sim ve Eserleri<\/strong><\/h3><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"202\"><strong>Pablo Picasso (1881-1973):<\/strong> <strong>XX. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n<\/strong> en \u00f6nemli ressamlar\u0131ndand\u0131r. Geometrik \u015fekillerin \u00f6n planda oldu\u011fu <strong>K\u00fcbizm<\/strong> ak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n kurucusudur. Sava\u015f\u0131n vah\u015fetini anlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 en tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f eseri <strong>Guernica<\/strong> tablosudur.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"203\"><strong>John Ernst Steinbeck:<\/strong> \u0130\u015f\u00e7i olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 zorlu tecr\u00fcbeleri romanlar\u0131na aktarm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. En \u00f6nemli eseri, <strong>1929 Ekonomik Buhran\u0131<\/strong> s\u0131ras\u0131ndaki g\u00f6\u00e7men tar\u0131m i\u015f\u00e7ilerinin dram\u0131n\u0131 anlatan <strong>Gazap \u00dcz\u00fcmleri<\/strong> roman\u0131d\u0131r. <strong>1962<\/strong> y\u0131l\u0131nda <strong>Nobel Edebiyat \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc<\/strong>&#8216;n\u00fc kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"204\"><strong>Albert Einstein (1879-1955) ve \u0130zafiyet Teorisi:<\/strong> Almanya as\u0131ll\u0131 dahi fizik\u00e7idir. Klasik <strong>Newton<\/strong> fizi\u011fine alternatif olarak geli\u015ftirdi\u011fi <strong>G\u00f6relilik Kuram\u0131 (\u0130zafiyet Teorisi)<\/strong> ile fizikte \u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131r a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><\/ul><h3 id=\"tk-bilimsel-ve-teknolojik-gelismelerin-askeri-alana-mimariye-ve-saglik-al\" data-tk-source=\"205\"><strong>Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Geli\u015fmelerin Asker\u00ee Alana, Mimariye ve Sa\u011fl\u0131k Alan\u0131na Etkisi<\/strong><\/h3><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"206\"><strong>Asker\u00ee Alanda Ya\u015fanan Geli\u015fmeler:<\/strong> Bilim do\u011frudan silahlara entegre edilmi\u015ftir. Hava kuvvetlerinde modern sava\u015f u\u00e7aklar\u0131, kara kuvvetlerinde g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc motor ve z\u0131rhl\u0131 tanklar \u00fcretilmi\u015ftir. \u0130leti\u015fimde geli\u015fmi\u015f telsizler ve <strong>radarlar<\/strong> kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"207\"><strong>Mimari Alanda Ya\u015fanan Geli\u015fmeler:<\/strong> \u00c7elik ve beton kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <strong>Art <\/strong><strong>Deco<\/strong> ak\u0131m\u0131 do\u011fmu\u015ftur. <strong>Walter <\/strong><strong>Gropius<\/strong>&#8216;un kurdu\u011fu <strong>Bauhaus<\/strong> tasar\u0131m okulu i\u015flevselli\u011fi \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <strong>1931<\/strong>&#8216;de in\u015fa edilen <strong>Empire<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>State<\/strong> binas\u0131 ABD&#8217;nin g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn simgesi olmu\u015ftur.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"208\"><strong>Sa\u011fl\u0131k Alan\u0131nda Ya\u015fanan Geli\u015fmeler:<\/strong> \u0130ki sava\u015f aras\u0131 d\u00f6nemin sa\u011fl\u0131\u011fa en b\u00fcy\u00fck katk\u0131s\u0131; <strong>1928<\/strong> y\u0131l\u0131nda <strong>Alexander <\/strong><strong>Fleming<\/strong> taraf\u0131ndan <strong>Penisilin&#8217;in<\/strong> (ilk antibiyotik) icat edilmesidir.<\/li><\/ul><h3 id=\"tk-propaganda-araci-olarak-sinema-ve-radyo\" data-tk-source=\"209\"><strong>Propaganda Arac\u0131 Olarak Sinema ve Radyo<\/strong><\/h3><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"210\">Propaganda sekt\u00f6r\u00fc; halkla ili\u015fkiler, beyin y\u0131kama ve psikolojik sava\u015f y\u00f6ntemleriyle harmanlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"211\"><strong>Sineman\u0131n Rol\u00fc:<\/strong> H\u00fck\u00fbmetler ve siyasal yap\u0131lar sinemay\u0131 ideolojilerini benimsetmek i\u00e7in g\u00f6rsel bir silah olarak kullanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li class=\"tk-liste-maddesi\" data-tk-source=\"212\"><strong>Radyonun Rol\u00fc (Nazi <\/strong><strong>Almanyas\u0131<\/strong><strong> \u00d6rne\u011fi):<\/strong> <strong>Adolf Hitler<\/strong>, <strong>Kavgam<\/strong> adl\u0131 eserinde radyonun g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc belirtmi\u015ftir. <strong>1933<\/strong>&#8216;te Naziler iktidara gelince Propaganda Bakan\u0131 <strong>Joseph <\/strong><strong>Goebbels<\/strong>, radyo yay\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131 tamamen kontrol alt\u0131na alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Nazi Partisi radyoyu kullanarak &#8220;En b\u00fcy\u00fck Almanya&#8221; parolas\u0131yla kitleleri <strong>II. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131<\/strong> felaketine s\u00fcr\u00fcklemi\u015ftir.<\/li><\/ul><p class=\"tk-paragraf\" data-tk-source=\"213\">&#8220;Bu ders notlar\u0131n\u0131n her hakk\u0131 sakl\u0131d\u0131r. Hangi ama\u00e7la olursa olsun, ders notlar\u0131n\u0131n tamam\u0131n\u0131n veya bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n <strong>www.tarihkursu.com<\/strong><strong> <\/strong>sitesinin yaz\u0131l\u0131 izni olmadan sosyal medyada ve internet ortam\u0131nda payla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131, kopya edilmesi, foto\u011fraf\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ekilmesi, herhangi bir yolla \u00e7o\u011falt\u0131lmas\u0131, yay\u0131mlanmas\u0131 ya da kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 yasakt\u0131r. Bu yasa\u011fa uymayanlar gerekli cezai sorumlulu\u011fu pe\u015finen kabullenmi\u015f say\u0131l\u0131r.&#8221;<\/p><p class=\"tk-paragraf\" data-tk-source=\"214\">Duyarl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z i\u00e7in te\u015fekk\u00fcr ederiz. \u0130yi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar<\/p><\/section><\/div><button class=\"tk-basa-don\" type=\"button\" aria-label=\"Ders notunun ba\u015f\u0131na d\u00f6n\" title=\"Ba\u015fa d\u00f6n\">\u2191<\/button><\/article>\n<script>\n(()=>{\"use strict\";document.querySelectorAll(\".tk-ders-notu\").forEach((root)=>{if(root.dataset.tkReady===\"true\")return;root.dataset.tkReady=\"true\";const toc=root.querySelector(\".tk-icindekiler\"),bar=root.querySelector(\".tk-ilerleme-cubugu\"),topButton=root.querySelector(\".tk-basa-don\"),headings=[...root.querySelectorAll(\"h2[id],h3[id]\")],links=[...root.querySelectorAll('.tk-icindekiler a[href^=\"#\"]')];const go=(target)=>{if(target)target.scrollIntoView({behavior:\"smooth\",block:\"start\"});};root.querySelector(\".tk-yazdir\")?.addEventListener(\"click\",()=>window.print());root.querySelector(\".tk-ice-git\")?.addEventListener(\"click\",()=>go(toc));topButton?.addEventListener(\"click\",()=>go(root));links.forEach((link)=>link.addEventListener(\"click\",(event)=>{const id=link.getAttribute(\"href\").slice(1),target=root.querySelector(`#${CSS.escape(id)}`);if(target){event.preventDefault();go(target);history.replaceState(null,\"\",`#${id}`);}}));let ticking=false;const update=()=>{const rect=root.getBoundingClientRect(),view=window.innerHeight||document.documentElement.clientHeight,total=Math.max(root.scrollHeight-view,1),passed=Math.min(Math.max(-rect.top,0),total),percent=Math.round(passed\/total*100);if(bar){bar.style.width=`${percent}%`;bar.parentElement?.setAttribute(\"aria-valuenow\",String(percent));}topButton?.classList.toggle(\"tk-gorunur\",window.scrollY>420);let active=headings[0]?.id||\"\";headings.forEach((heading)=>{if(heading.getBoundingClientRect().top<=Math.max(130,view*.28))active=heading.id;});links.forEach((link)=>{const current=link.getAttribute(\"href\")===`#${active}`;link.classList.toggle(\"tk-etkin\",current);if(current)link.setAttribute(\"aria-current\",\"location\");else link.removeAttribute(\"aria-current\");});ticking=false;};const requestUpdate=()=>{if(!ticking){ticking=true;requestAnimationFrame(update);}};window.addEventListener(\"scroll\",requestUpdate,{passive:true});window.addEventListener(\"resize\",requestUpdate,{passive:true});update();});})();\n<\/script>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<div class=\"mh-excerpt\"><p>\u0130ki K\u00fcresel Sava\u015f Aras\u0131nda D\u00fcnya ders notlar\u0131; I. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n siyasi ve ekonomik sonu\u00e7lar\u0131, Paris Bar\u0131\u015f Konferans\u0131, Versailles Antla\u015fmas\u0131, Monroe Doktrini, Kom\u00fcnizm, Fa\u015fizm, Nazizm ve <a class=\"mh-excerpt-more\" href=\"https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/index.php\/2026\/07\/31\/iki-kuresel-savas-arasinda-dunya\/\" title=\"\u0130ki K\u00fcresel Sava\u015f Aras\u0131nda D\u00fcnya KPSS Tarih Notlar\u0131 | \u00c7a\u011fda\u015f T\u00fcrk ve D\u00fcnya Tarihi\">[&#8230;]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":3459,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_regular_price":[],"currency_symbol":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[349],"tags":[345],"class_list":["post-3442","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kpss-tarih","tag-kpss-tarih"],"post_slider_layout_featured_media_urls":{"thumbnail":["https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/SITE-KAPAK-150x150.png",150,150,true],"post_slider_layout_landscape_large":["https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/SITE-KAPAK-1200x800.png",1200,800,true],"post_slider_layout_portrait_large":["https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/SITE-KAPAK-1200x810.png",1200,810,true],"post_slider_layout_square_large":["https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/SITE-KAPAK-1200x810.png",1200,810,true],"post_slider_layout_landscape":["https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/SITE-KAPAK-600x400.png",600,400,true],"post_slider_layout_portrait":["https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/SITE-KAPAK-600x810.png",600,810,true],"post_slider_layout_square":["https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/SITE-KAPAK-600x600.png",600,600,true],"full":["https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/SITE-KAPAK.png",1440,810,false]},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>\u0130ki K\u00fcresel Sava\u015f Aras\u0131nda D\u00fcnya KPSS Tarih Notlar\u0131 | \u00c7a\u011fda\u015f T\u00fcrk ve D\u00fcnya Tarihi - tarihkursu.com<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0130ki sava\u015f aras\u0131 d\u00fcnya; Versay d\u00fczeni, ideolojiler ve SSCB\u2019nin kurulu\u015funu anlat\u0131r. 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