{"id":3545,"date":"2026-08-02T17:16:00","date_gmt":"2026-08-02T14:16:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/?p=3545"},"modified":"2026-08-02T17:16:14","modified_gmt":"2026-08-02T14:16:14","slug":"tarihin-dogasi-9-sinif-maarif-model-tarih-ders-notu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/index.php\/2026\/08\/02\/tarihin-dogasi-9-sinif-maarif-model-tarih-ders-notu\/","title":{"rendered":"Tarihin Do\u011fas\u0131 | 9. S\u0131n\u0131f Maarif Model Tarih Ders Notu"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>SINIF:<\/strong> 9.S\u0131n\u0131f Tarih<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u00dcN\u0130TE:<\/strong> 1. \u00dcnite Ge\u00e7mi\u015fin \u0130n\u015fa S\u00fcrecinde Tarih<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u00d6\u011eRENME \u00c7IKTISI:<\/strong> Tarihin Do\u011fas\u0131 ders notu<\/p>\n\n\n\n<style>\n.tk-ders-notu {\n  --tk-lacivert: #12355b;\n  --tk-lacivert-koyu: #0b2745;\n  --tk-turkuaz: #008c95;\n  --tk-turkuaz-acik: #e7f8f8;\n  --tk-bordo: #8b1e3f;\n  --tk-bordo-acik: #fff0f4;\n  --tk-altin: #d7a514;\n  --tk-sari-acik: #fff8d9;\n  --tk-mavi-acik: #edf6ff;\n  --tk-metin: #243447;\n  --tk-cizgi: #d8e3ec;\n  width: 100%;\n  max-width: 100%;\n  min-width: 0;\n  margin: 0 auto;\n  color: var(--tk-metin);\n  font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, \"Segoe UI\", Arial, sans-serif;\n  font-size: 17px;\n  line-height: 1.72;\n  overflow-x: clip;\n  overflow-wrap: anywhere;\n}\n.tk-ders-notu,\n.tk-ders-notu * { box-sizing: border-box; }\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-okuma-ilerleme {\n  position: sticky;\n  z-index: 20;\n  top: 0;\n  width: 100%;\n  height: 5px;\n  margin-bottom: 14px;\n  background: #dfe9ef;\n  border-radius: 999px;\n  overflow: hidden;\n}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-okuma-ilerleme-cubugu {\n  display: block;\n  width: 0;\n  height: 100%;\n  background: linear-gradient(90deg, var(--tk-turkuaz), var(--tk-altin));\n  transition: width .12s linear;\n}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-ana-baslik {\n  margin: 0 0 16px;\n  padding: 22px 24px 18px;\n  color: #fff;\n  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--tk-lacivert-koyu), var(--tk-lacivert));\n  border-bottom: 5px solid var(--tk-altin);\n  border-radius: 18px;\n  font-size: clamp(1.55rem, 4vw, 2.25rem);\n  font-weight: 850;\n  line-height: 1.22;\n  letter-spacing: .01em;\n  text-wrap: balance;\n}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-seo-giris {\n  margin: 0 0 18px;\n  padding: 18px 20px;\n  background: var(--tk-mavi-acik);\n  border-left: 5px solid var(--tk-turkuaz);\n  border-radius: 12px;\n}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-araclar {\n  display: flex;\n  flex-wrap: wrap;\n  gap: 10px;\n  margin: 0 0 18px;\n}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-dugme {\n  appearance: none;\n  max-width: 100%;\n  padding: 10px 15px;\n  color: #fff;\n  background: var(--tk-turkuaz);\n  border: 2px solid var(--tk-turkuaz);\n  border-radius: 10px;\n  font: inherit;\n  font-weight: 750;\n  line-height: 1.25;\n  cursor: pointer;\n}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-dugme:hover { background: var(--tk-lacivert); border-color: var(--tk-lacivert); }\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-dugme:focus-visible,\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-icindekiler a:focus-visible,\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-basa-don:focus-visible {\n  outline: 4px solid var(--tk-altin);\n  outline-offset: 3px;\n}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-icindekiler {\n  width: 100%;\n  min-width: 0;\n  margin: 0 0 22px;\n  padding: 18px 20px;\n  background: var(--tk-turkuaz-acik);\n  border: 1px solid #a7dfe1;\n  border-radius: 14px;\n}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-icindekiler-baslik {\n  margin: 0 0 10px;\n  color: var(--tk-lacivert);\n  font-size: 1.2rem;\n  font-weight: 850;\n}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-icindekiler ul {\n  display: grid;\n  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));\n  gap: 7px 18px;\n  margin: 0;\n  padding: 0;\n  list-style: none;\n}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-icindekiler li { min-width: 0; margin: 0; padding: 0; }\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-icindekiler a {\n  display: block;\n  min-width: 0;\n  padding: 6px 8px;\n  color: var(--tk-lacivert);\n  border-radius: 7px;\n  font-weight: 700;\n  text-decoration: none;\n  overflow-wrap: anywhere;\n}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-icindekiler a::before { content: \"\u203a \"; color: var(--tk-bordo); font-weight: 900; }\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-icindekiler a:hover,\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-icindekiler a.tk-etkin { color: #fff; background: var(--tk-turkuaz); }\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-kaynak-icerik { width: 100%; max-width: 100%; min-width: 0; }\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-kart {\n  width: 100%;\n  max-width: 100%;\n  min-width: 0;\n  margin: 0 0 22px;\n  padding: 20px;\n  background: #fff;\n  border: 1px solid var(--tk-cizgi);\n  border-radius: 16px;\n  box-shadow: 0 8px 24px rgba(18, 53, 91, .08);\n  overflow-x: clip;\n}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-kart > h2,\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-kart > h3 {\n  color: var(--tk-lacivert);\n  font-weight: 850;\n  line-height: 1.3;\n  text-wrap: balance;\n  overflow-wrap: anywhere;\n}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-kart > h2 {\n  margin: 0 0 16px;\n  padding: 0 0 9px;\n  border-bottom: 4px solid var(--tk-altin);\n  font-size: clamp(1.3rem, 3vw, 1.65rem);\n}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-kart > h3 { margin: 18px 0 10px; font-size: 1.17rem; }\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-kart p { max-width: 100%; margin: 0 0 12px; }\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-madde-listesi {\n  display: grid;\n  gap: 9px;\n  width: 100%;\n  min-width: 0;\n  margin: 0 0 16px;\n  padding: 0;\n  list-style: none;\n}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-madde-listesi > li {\n  position: relative;\n  min-width: 0;\n  margin: 0;\n  padding: 10px 12px 10px 40px;\n  background: var(--tk-mavi-acik);\n  border-left: 4px solid var(--tk-turkuaz);\n  border-radius: 9px;\n  overflow-wrap: anywhere;\n}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-madde-listesi > li::before {\n  content: \"\u2713\";\n  position: absolute;\n  left: 13px;\n  top: 10px;\n  color: var(--tk-bordo);\n  font-weight: 900;\n}\n.tk-ders-notu strong { color: var(--tk-bordo); font-weight: 850; }\n.tk-ders-notu blockquote {\n  width: 100%;\n  min-width: 0;\n  margin: 14px 0;\n  padding: 17px 20px;\n  color: #5d1730;\n  background: var(--tk-bordo-acik);\n  border-left: 6px solid var(--tk-bordo);\n  border-radius: 12px;\n  font-size: 1.06rem;\n  font-weight: 650;\n}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-bilgi-kutusu {\n  width: 100%;\n  min-width: 0;\n  margin: 16px 0;\n  padding: 16px 18px;\n  background: var(--tk-sari-acik);\n  border: 2px solid var(--tk-altin);\n  border-left-width: 7px;\n  border-radius: 12px;\n  overflow-wrap: anywhere;\n}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-bilgi-kutusu.tk-osym { background: var(--tk-bordo-acik); border-color: var(--tk-bordo); }\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-bilgi-kutusu.tk-onemli { background: var(--tk-turkuaz-acik); border-color: var(--tk-turkuaz); }\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-bilgi-kutusu p:last-child { margin-bottom: 0; }\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-tablo-kapsayici {\n  width: 100%;\n  max-width: 100%;\n  min-width: 0;\n  margin: 16px 0;\n  overflow-x: clip;\n  border: 1px solid #bfd0dc;\n  border-radius: 12px;\n}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-tablo {\n  width: 100%;\n  max-width: 100%;\n  min-width: 0;\n  margin: 0;\n  table-layout: fixed;\n  border-collapse: collapse;\n  border-spacing: 0;\n  white-space: normal;\n}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-tablo th,\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-tablo td {\n  min-width: 0;\n  padding: 11px 10px;\n  border: 1px solid #bfd0dc;\n  vertical-align: top;\n  text-align: left;\n  white-space: normal;\n  overflow-wrap: anywhere;\n  word-wrap: break-word;\n  hyphens: auto;\n}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-tablo th {\n  color: #fff;\n  background: var(--tk-lacivert);\n  font-weight: 800;\n}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-tablo td:first-child { color: #65162f; background: #fff7f9; font-weight: 750; }\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-tablo tbody tr:nth-child(even) td:not(:first-child) { background: #f5fafc; }\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-tablo p { margin: 0 0 7px; }\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-tablo p:last-child,\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-tablo .tk-madde-listesi:last-child { margin-bottom: 0; }\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-basa-don {\n  position: fixed;\n  z-index: 30;\n  right: max(14px, env(safe-area-inset-right));\n  bottom: max(14px, env(safe-area-inset-bottom));\n  display: none;\n  max-width: calc(100vw - 28px);\n  padding: 10px 14px;\n  color: #fff;\n  background: var(--tk-bordo);\n  border: 0;\n  border-radius: 999px;\n  box-shadow: 0 6px 20px rgba(0, 0, 0, .2);\n  font: inherit;\n  font-weight: 800;\n  cursor: pointer;\n}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-basa-don.tk-gorunur { display: inline-flex; }\n@media (max-width: 720px) {\n  .tk-ders-notu { font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.66; }\n  .tk-ders-notu .tk-ana-baslik { padding: 18px 16px 15px; border-radius: 14px; }\n  .tk-ders-notu .tk-kart { padding: 15px; border-radius: 13px; }\n  .tk-ders-notu .tk-icindekiler ul { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr); }\n  .tk-ders-notu .tk-tablo th,\n  .tk-ders-notu .tk-tablo td { padding: 9px 7px; }\n  .tk-ders-notu .tk-tablo.tk-cok-sutun,\n  .tk-ders-notu .tk-tablo.tk-cok-sutun tbody,\n  .tk-ders-notu .tk-tablo.tk-cok-sutun tr,\n  .tk-ders-notu .tk-tablo.tk-cok-sutun td { display: block; width: 100%; max-width: 100%; min-width: 0; }\n  .tk-ders-notu .tk-tablo.tk-cok-sutun thead {\n    position: absolute;\n    width: 1px;\n    height: 1px;\n    padding: 0;\n    margin: -1px;\n    overflow: hidden;\n    clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0);\n    white-space: nowrap;\n    border: 0;\n  }\n  .tk-ders-notu .tk-tablo.tk-cok-sutun tbody { padding: 8px; }\n  .tk-ders-notu .tk-tablo.tk-cok-sutun tr {\n    margin: 0 0 12px;\n    overflow: hidden;\n    border: 2px solid #c9d8e2;\n    border-radius: 10px;\n  }\n  .tk-ders-notu .tk-tablo.tk-cok-sutun tr:last-child { margin-bottom: 0; }\n  .tk-ders-notu .tk-tablo.tk-cok-sutun td {\n    display: grid;\n    grid-template-columns: minmax(6.4rem, 34%) minmax(0, 1fr);\n    gap: 9px;\n    border-width: 0 0 1px;\n  }\n  .tk-ders-notu .tk-tablo.tk-cok-sutun td::before {\n    content: attr(data-label);\n    min-width: 0;\n    color: var(--tk-lacivert);\n    font-weight: 850;\n    overflow-wrap: anywhere;\n  }\n  .tk-ders-notu .tk-tablo.tk-cok-sutun td:last-child { border-bottom: 0; }\n}\n@media (max-width: 375px) {\n  .tk-ders-notu { font-size: 15.5px; }\n  .tk-ders-notu .tk-kart,\n  .tk-ders-notu .tk-seo-giris,\n  .tk-ders-notu .tk-icindekiler { padding-left: 12px; padding-right: 12px; }\n  .tk-ders-notu .tk-tablo.tk-cok-sutun td { grid-template-columns: minmax(5.7rem, 38%) minmax(0, 1fr); padding: 8px 6px; }\n}\n@media print {\n  .tk-ders-notu { color: #111; font-size: 11pt; overflow: visible; }\n  .tk-ders-notu .tk-okuma-ilerleme,\n  .tk-ders-notu .tk-araclar,\n  .tk-ders-notu .tk-basa-don { display: none !important; }\n  .tk-ders-notu .tk-ana-baslik { color: #000; background: #fff; border: 2px solid #000; }\n  .tk-ders-notu .tk-kart { box-shadow: none; break-inside: avoid; }\n  .tk-ders-notu .tk-tablo-kapsayici { overflow: visible; }\n  .tk-ders-notu .tk-tablo th { color: #000; background: #e8e8e8; }\n  .tk-ders-notu .tk-basa-don { display: none !important; }\n}\n<\/style>\n<article class=\"tk-ders-notu\" lang=\"tr\" data-tk-ready=\"false\">\n<div class=\"tk-okuma-ilerleme\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span class=\"tk-okuma-ilerleme-cubugu\"><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"tk-ana-baslik\">TAR\u0130H\u0130N DO\u011eASI<\/div>\n<p class=\"tk-seo-giris\">9. s\u0131n\u0131f tarih dersinde Tarihin Do\u011fas\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenme \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken kavramlar\u0131, a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131 ve kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 bir arada g\u00f6rmen \u00f6nemlidir. Bu sayfadaki tarih ders notu, T\u00fcrkiye Y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131 Maarif Modeli do\u011frultusunda kaynak belgede verilen bilgileri s\u0131ras\u0131n\u0131 koruyarak sunar. Notta Giri\u015f, Tarih Nedir? ve Tarih: Ge\u00e7mi\u015fin Yorumu ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131; madde listeleri, bilgi kutular\u0131 ve tablolarla d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. \u0130\u00e7indekiler alan\u0131n\u0131 kullanarak istedi\u011fin b\u00f6l\u00fcme h\u0131zl\u0131ca ge\u00e7ebilir, okuma ilerleme \u00e7ubu\u011fuyla sayfadaki konumunu takip edebilirsin. \u00c7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken \u00f6nce ana kavramlar\u0131 incelemen, ard\u0131ndan a\u00e7\u0131klamalar ile tablolar aras\u0131ndaki ba\u011flant\u0131lara dikkat etmen yararl\u0131 olacakt\u0131r. Bu 9. s\u0131n\u0131f tarih ders notunu ders \u00f6ncesinde konuya haz\u0131rlanmak, ders s\u0131ras\u0131nda ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131 takip etmek veya tekrar yaparken kaynak metindeki bilgileri d\u00fczenli bi\u00e7imde g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irmek i\u00e7in kullanabilirsin.<\/p>\n<div class=\"tk-araclar\" aria-label=\"Ders notu ara\u00e7lar\u0131\">\n<button class=\"tk-dugme tk-yazdir\" type=\"button\" aria-label=\"Ders notunu yazd\u0131r\">Yazd\u0131r<\/button>\n<button class=\"tk-dugme tk-icindekilere-git\" type=\"button\" aria-label=\"\u0130\u00e7indekiler b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne git\">\u0130\u00e7indekilere git<\/button>\n<\/div>\n<nav class=\"tk-icindekiler\" aria-label=\"Ders notu i\u00e7indekiler\">\n<p class=\"tk-icindekiler-baslik\">\u0130\u00e7indekiler<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#giris\">Giri\u015f<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#tarih-nedir\">Tarih Nedir?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#tarih-gecmisin-yorumu\">Tarih: Ge\u00e7mi\u015fin Yorumu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#tarihin-tanimindaki-unsurlar\">Tarihin Tan\u0131m\u0131ndaki Unsurlar<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#tarihin-konusu-ve-kapsami\">Tarihin Konusu ve Kapsam\u0131<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#tarihin-kapsamina-giren-olaylar\">Tarihin Kapsam\u0131na Giren Olaylar<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#gecmis-ve-tarih-kavramlari\">Ge\u00e7mi\u015f ve Tarih Kavramlar\u0131<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#gecmis-ve-tarih-arasindaki-farklar\">Ge\u00e7mi\u015f ve Tarih Aras\u0131ndaki Farklar<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#tarihsel-bilgi-nedir\">Tarihsel Bilgi Nedir?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#gecmisin-yeniden-insasi\">Ge\u00e7mi\u015fin Yeniden \u0130n\u015fas\u0131<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#tarihsel-bilginin-degisebilirligi\">Tarihsel Bilginin De\u011fi\u015febilirli\u011fi<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#tarih-neden-bir-bilimdir\">Tarih Neden Bir Bilimdir?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#bilimsel-tarihsel-bilgi\">Bilimsel Tarihsel Bilgi<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#tarih-ve-doga-bilimleri\">Tarih ve Do\u011fa Bilimleri<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#tarihte-deney-ve-gozlem\">Tarihte Deney ve G\u00f6zlem<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#tarihci-konusunu-nasil-belirler\">Tarih\u00e7i Konusunu Nas\u0131l Belirler?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#tarihcilerin-arastirma-basamaklari\">Tarih\u00e7ilerin Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Basamaklar\u0131<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#tarihci-kaynaklari-nasil-degerlendirir\">Tarih\u00e7i Kaynaklar\u0131 Nas\u0131l De\u011ferlendirir?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#kaynak-kanit-ve-belge\">Kaynak, Kan\u0131t ve Belge<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#birinci-ve-ikinci-elden-kaynaklar\">Birinci ve \u0130kinci Elden Kaynaklar<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#kaynak-turleri\">Kaynak T\u00fcrleri<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#kaynaklari-birlikte-kullanma\">Kaynaklar\u0131 Birlikte Kullanma<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#olay-kavrami\">Olay Kavram\u0131<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#olay-ornekleri\">Olay \u00d6rnekleri<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#olgu-kavrami\">Olgu Kavram\u0131<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#olgu-ornekleri\">Olgu \u00d6rnekleri<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#olay-ve-olgu-karsilastirmasi\">Olay ve Olgu Kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#neden-sonuc-iliskisi\">Neden-Sonu\u00e7 \u0130li\u015fkisi<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#kronoloji\">Kronoloji<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#objektiflik-ve-anakronizm\">Objektiflik ve Anakronizm<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#tarih-ne-degildir\">Tarih Ne De\u011fildir?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#tarihci-kim-degildir\">Tarih\u00e7i Kim De\u011fildir?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#tarih-nasil-yazilmaz\">Tarih Nas\u0131l Yaz\u0131lmaz?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#metafor\">Metafor<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#analoji-ve-karsilastirma\">Analoji ve Kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rma<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#analoji\">Analoji<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#zaman-ve-tarihsel-zaman\">Zaman ve Tarihsel Zaman<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#takvim-sistemleri\">Takvim Sistemleri<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#miladi-takvimin-gelisimi\">Miladi Takvimin Geli\u015fimi<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#tarihin-donemlendirilmesi\">Tarihin D\u00f6nemlendirilmesi<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#tarih-oncesi-ve-tarihi-devirler\">Tarih \u00d6ncesi ve Tarih\u00ee Devirler<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#tarih-caglari\">Tarih \u00c7a\u011flar\u0131<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#avrupa-merkezli-donemlendirme\">Avrupa Merkezli D\u00f6nemlendirme<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#degisim-ve-sureklilik\">De\u011fi\u015fim ve S\u00fcreklilik<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#tarihsel-onem\">Tarihsel \u00d6nem<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#tarihsel-onem-ornekleri\">Tarihsel \u00d6nem \u00d6rnekleri<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#tarihsel-bilginin-ozellikleri\">Tarihsel Bilginin \u00d6zellikleri<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#tarihsel-bilgide-kaynak-azligi\">Tarihsel Bilgide Kaynak Azl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#kaynaklarin-bilimsel-niteligi\">Kaynaklar\u0131n Bilimsel Niteli\u011fi<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/nav>\n<div class=\"tk-kaynak-icerik\">\n<section class=\"tk-kart\" aria-labelledby=\"giris\">\n<h2 id=\"giris\">Giri\u015f<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"tk-madde-listesi\">\n<li>Tarih, ge\u00e7mi\u015fte meydana gelen insan faaliyetlerini inceler.<\/li>\n<li>Tarih\u00ee bilgi belge, kaynak ve kan\u0131tlara dayan\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>Tarih\u00e7i ge\u00e7mi\u015fin kendisini de\u011fil, ge\u00e7mi\u015ften kalan izleri yorumlar.<\/li>\n<li>Tarih, neden-sonu\u00e7 ili\u015fkisi ve kronolojiyle anlam kazan\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>Objektiflik ve d\u00f6nem \u015fartlar\u0131 tarih yaz\u0131m\u0131nda temel ilkelerdir.<\/li>\n<li>Kaynaklar incelenmeden tarihsel bilgiye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclemez.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"tk-kart\" aria-labelledby=\"tarih-nedir\">\n<h2 id=\"tarih-nedir\">Tarih Nedir?<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"tk-madde-listesi\">\n<li>Tarih, ge\u00e7mi\u015fte meydana gelen insan faaliyetlerini inceleyen sosyal bir bilimdir.<\/li>\n<li>\u0130nsan\u0131 etkileyen geli\u015fmeler de tarihin konusu olabilir.<\/li>\n<li>Olaylar\u0131 zaman ve yer g\u00f6stererek ele al\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>Bilgiyi belgelere dayand\u0131r\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>Olaylar aras\u0131ndaki ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131 dikkate al\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>Sebep-sonu\u00e7 ili\u015fkisi i\u00e7inde tarafs\u0131z bi\u00e7imde inceler.<\/li>\n<li>Tarih yaln\u0131zca olaylar\u0131n s\u0131ralanmas\u0131 de\u011fildir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"tk-kart\" aria-labelledby=\"tarih-gecmisin-yorumu\">\n<h2 id=\"tarih-gecmisin-yorumu\">Tarih: Ge\u00e7mi\u015fin Yorumu<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"tk-madde-listesi\">\n<li>Tarih, ge\u00e7mi\u015f ya\u015fant\u0131lar\u0131 bug\u00fcn\u00fc anlamak i\u00e7in anlaml\u0131 forma d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcr.<\/li>\n<li>Gelece\u011fe y\u00f6n vermek amac\u0131yla ge\u00e7mi\u015fi anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r ve anlat\u0131labilir h\u00e2le getirir.<\/li>\n<li>Tarih, ge\u00e7mi\u015fin birebir kopyas\u0131 de\u011fildir.<\/li>\n<li>Kan\u0131tlara ve belgelere dayanarak yeniden kurulmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lan bir ge\u00e7mi\u015f yorumudur.<\/li>\n<li>Tarih\u00e7iler ge\u00e7mi\u015fe do\u011frudan ula\u015famaz.<\/li>\n<li>Ge\u00e7mi\u015ften kalan izleri, belgeleri, kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 ve kaynaklar\u0131 yorumlar.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"tk-kart\" aria-labelledby=\"tarihin-tanimindaki-unsurlar\">\n<h2 id=\"tarihin-tanimindaki-unsurlar\">Tarihin Tan\u0131m\u0131ndaki Unsurlar <\/h2>\n<div class=\"tk-tablo-kapsayici\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Ders notu tablosu 1\">\n<table class=\"tk-tablo\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"col\"><p><strong>Unsur<\/strong><\/p><\/th>\n<th scope=\"col\"><p><strong>A\u00e7\u0131klama<\/strong><\/p><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"Unsur\"><p>Ge\u00e7mi\u015f<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"A\u00e7\u0131klama\"><p>Ge\u00e7mi\u015fte ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015f olay ve olgular incelenir.<\/p><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"Unsur\"><p>\u0130nsan ve toplum<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"A\u00e7\u0131klama\"><p>\u0130nsan faaliyetleri ve insan\u0131 etkileyen geli\u015fmeler konu edilir.<\/p><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"Unsur\"><p>Yer<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"A\u00e7\u0131klama\"><p>Olay\u0131n nerede ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi belirtilir.<\/p><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"Unsur\"><p>Zaman<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"A\u00e7\u0131klama\"><p>Olay\u0131n ne zaman ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi kronolojik olarak ortaya konur.<\/p><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"Unsur\"><p>Belge \/ Kan\u0131t<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"A\u00e7\u0131klama\"><p>Tarih\u00ee bilgi kaynaklara ve kan\u0131tlara dayan\u0131r.<\/p><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tk-tablo-kapsayici\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Ders notu tablosu 2\">\n<table class=\"tk-tablo\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"col\"><p><strong>Unsur<\/strong><\/p><\/th>\n<th scope=\"col\"><p><strong>A\u00e7\u0131klama<\/strong><\/p><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"Unsur\"><p>Neden-sonu\u00e7<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"A\u00e7\u0131klama\"><p>Olaylar\u0131n sebepleri, sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 ve ili\u015fkileri a\u00e7\u0131klan\u0131r.<\/p><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"Unsur\"><p>Objektiflik<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"A\u00e7\u0131klama\"><p>Tarih\u00e7i duygu ve \u00f6nyarg\u0131lardan uzak durur.<\/p><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"Unsur\"><p>D\u00f6nem \u015fartlar\u0131<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"A\u00e7\u0131klama\"><p>Her olay kendi zaman\u0131n\u0131n \u015fartlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde de\u011ferlendirilir.<\/p><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"Unsur\"><p>Bilimsel y\u00f6ntem<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"A\u00e7\u0131klama\"><p>Tarih ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 sistemli ve y\u00f6ntemli yap\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"tk-kart\" aria-labelledby=\"tarihin-konusu-ve-kapsami\">\n<h2 id=\"tarihin-konusu-ve-kapsami\">Tarihin Konusu ve Kapsam\u0131<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"tk-madde-listesi\">\n<li>Tarihin konusu insan ve insan topluluklar\u0131n\u0131n ge\u00e7mi\u015fteki faaliyetleridir.<\/li>\n<li>Bir olay\u0131n tarihin konusu olabilmesi i\u00e7in insan faaliyeti olmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/li>\n<li>\u0130nsanlar\u0131 ve toplumlar\u0131 etkileyen geli\u015fmeler de tarihin konusudur.<\/li>\n<li>Do\u011fa olay\u0131n\u0131n kendisi tarih konusu olmayabilir.<\/li>\n<li>Do\u011fa olay\u0131n\u0131n insan ya\u015fam\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar tarihin konusu olabilir.<\/li>\n<li>Tarih, insan ve toplum \u00fczerindeki etkileri dikkate al\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"tk-kart\" aria-labelledby=\"tarihin-kapsamina-giren-olaylar\">\n<h2 id=\"tarihin-kapsamina-giren-olaylar\">Tarihin Kapsam\u0131na Giren Olaylar<\/h2>\n<div class=\"tk-tablo-kapsayici\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Ders notu tablosu 3\">\n<table class=\"tk-tablo tk-cok-sutun\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"col\"><p><strong>Durum<\/strong><\/p><\/th>\n<th scope=\"col\"><\/th>\n<th scope=\"col\"><p><strong>Gerek\u00e7e<\/strong><\/p><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"Durum\"><p>Kavimler G\u00f6\u00e7\u00fc<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"S\u00fctun 2\"><p>Evet<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Gerek\u00e7e\"><p>\u0130nsan topluluklar\u0131n\u0131n hareketi ve Avrupa tarihini etkilemesi.<\/p><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"Durum\"><p>Yabani ku\u015flar\u0131n mevsimsel g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fc<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"S\u00fctun 2\"><p>Hay\u0131r<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Gerek\u00e7e\"><p>\u0130nsan faaliyeti de\u011fildir; do\u011fa bilimlerinin konusudur.<\/p><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"Durum\"><p>K\u00fcresel \u0131s\u0131nman\u0131n fiziksel olu\u015fum s\u00fcreci<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"S\u00fctun 2\"><p>Hay\u0131r<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Gerek\u00e7e\"><p>Co\u011frafya ve do\u011fa bilimlerinin konusudur.<\/p><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"Durum\"><p>K\u00fcresel \u0131s\u0131nman\u0131n toplumlara, g\u00f6\u00e7lere, ekonomiye etkisi<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"S\u00fctun 2\"><p>Evet<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Gerek\u00e7e\"><p>\u0130nsan ve toplum \u00fczerindeki sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan tarihin konusu olabilir.<\/p><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"tk-kart\" aria-labelledby=\"gecmis-ve-tarih-kavramlari\">\n<h2 id=\"gecmis-ve-tarih-kavramlari\">Ge\u00e7mi\u015f ve Tarih Kavramlar\u0131<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"tk-madde-listesi\">\n<li>Ge\u00e7mi\u015f ve tarih ayn\u0131 \u015fey de\u011fildir.<\/li>\n<li>Ge\u00e7mi\u015f, ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015f olan her \u015feydir.<\/li>\n<li>Tarih, ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131 belge, kaynak ve kan\u0131tlarla anlamland\u0131rma \u00e7abas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>Ge\u00e7mi\u015f ham madde gibidir; tarih bu ham maddeden yap\u0131lan eser gibidir.<\/li>\n<li>Tarih\u00e7iler bilgi birikimlerini, bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 ve kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 da i\u015fin i\u00e7ine katar.<\/li>\n<li>Ayn\u0131 olay farkl\u0131 tarih\u00e7iler taraf\u0131ndan farkl\u0131 \u015fekillerde yorumlanabilir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"tk-kart\" aria-labelledby=\"gecmis-ve-tarih-arasindaki-farklar\">\n<h2 id=\"gecmis-ve-tarih-arasindaki-farklar\">Ge\u00e7mi\u015f ve Tarih Aras\u0131ndaki Farklar<\/h2>\n<div class=\"tk-tablo-kapsayici\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Ders notu tablosu 4\">\n<table class=\"tk-tablo\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"col\"><p><strong>Ge\u00e7mi\u015f<\/strong><\/p><\/th>\n<th scope=\"col\"><p><strong>Tarih<\/strong><\/p><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"Ge\u00e7mi\u015f\"><p>Ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015f olaylar\u0131n tamam\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Tarih\"><p>Ge\u00e7mi\u015f olaylar\u0131n kaynaklara dayanarak incelenmesi ve yorumlanmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"Ge\u00e7mi\u015f\"><p>Somuttur ve geri d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fclemez.<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Tarih\"><p>Ge\u00e7mi\u015fi anlamland\u0131ran bilimsel bir faaliyettir.<\/p><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"Ge\u00e7mi\u015f\"><p>S\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131zd\u0131r; ya\u015fanan her \u015feyi kapsar.<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Tarih\"><p>Tarih\u00e7i ge\u00e7mi\u015f i\u00e7inden \u00f6nemli g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc olay ve olgular\u0131 se\u00e7er.<\/p><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"Ge\u00e7mi\u015f\"><p>Kendi ba\u015f\u0131na a\u00e7\u0131klama sunmaz.<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Tarih\"><p>Olaylar\u0131n nedenlerini, sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 ve etkilerini a\u00e7\u0131klar.<\/p><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"Ge\u00e7mi\u015f\"><p>Eski M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019da s\u0131radan g\u00fcnl\u00fck ya\u015fam olaylar\u0131.<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Tarih\"><p>Eski M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019dan kalan g\u00fcne\u015f takvimi kabartmas\u0131n\u0131n incelenmesi.<\/p><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"tk-kart\" aria-labelledby=\"tarihsel-bilgi-nedir\">\n<h2 id=\"tarihsel-bilgi-nedir\">Tarihsel Bilgi Nedir?<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"tk-madde-listesi\">\n<li>Tarihsel bilgi, ge\u00e7mi\u015fteki olaylar ve medeniyetler hakk\u0131nda elde edilir.<\/li>\n<li>G\u00fcvenilir kan\u0131tlar arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla olu\u015fturulur.<\/li>\n<li>Tarih\u00e7inin kaynaklardan yararlanarak \u00fcretti\u011fi bilgidir.<\/li>\n<li>Mutlak ve de\u011fi\u015fmez de\u011fildir.<\/li>\n<li>Yeni belge, bulgu ve ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015febilir.<\/li>\n<li>Tarih\u00e7i kaynaklardan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131m yapar; bu nedenle farkl\u0131 yorumlar olabilir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"tk-kart\" aria-labelledby=\"gecmisin-yeniden-insasi\">\n<h2 id=\"gecmisin-yeniden-insasi\">Ge\u00e7mi\u015fin Yeniden \u0130n\u015fas\u0131<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"tk-madde-listesi\">\n<li>Tarih\u00e7ilerin ge\u00e7mi\u015fte ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015f bir olay\u0131 t\u0131pat\u0131p yeniden in\u015fa etmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir.<\/li>\n<li>Kaynaklar ge\u00e7mi\u015fi ayd\u0131nlatmada yetersiz kalabilir.<\/li>\n<li>Baz\u0131 belgeler kaybolmu\u015f olabilir.<\/li>\n<li>Organik malzemeler zamanla yok olabilir.<\/li>\n<li>S\u00f6zl\u00fc bilgiler unutulabilir veya de\u011fi\u015febilir.<\/li>\n<li>G\u00f6rg\u00fc tan\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n haf\u0131zalar\u0131 eksik ya da yan\u0131lt\u0131c\u0131 olabilir.<\/li>\n<li>Ge\u00e7mi\u015f olaylar laboratuvar ortam\u0131nda tekrar edilemez.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"tk-kart\" aria-labelledby=\"tarihsel-bilginin-degisebilirligi\">\n<h2 id=\"tarihsel-bilginin-degisebilirligi\">Tarihsel Bilginin De\u011fi\u015febilirli\u011fi<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"tk-madde-listesi\">\n<li>Tarih\u00e7iler eldeki belgelerden farkl\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131mlar yapabilir.<\/li>\n<li>Tarih\u00e7iler kendi d\u00f6nemlerinin bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan sorular sorabilir.<\/li>\n<li>Tarih\u00e7i ge\u00e7mi\u015fin kendisini de\u011fil, ge\u00e7mi\u015ften kalan izleri yorumlar.<\/li>\n<li>Tarihsel bilgi de\u011fi\u015febilir.<\/li>\n<li>Bu durum tarihin bilim olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermez.<\/li>\n<li>Tarih bilimi yeni belge ve bulgularla geli\u015fir.<\/li>\n<li>Tarih\u00e7i kan\u0131tlarla desteklenen bir yorum ortaya koyar.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"tk-kart\" aria-labelledby=\"tarih-neden-bir-bilimdir\">\n<h2 id=\"tarih-neden-bir-bilimdir\">Tarih Neden Bir Bilimdir?<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"tk-madde-listesi\">\n<li>Olaylar\u0131 yer ve zaman \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde inceler.<\/li>\n<li>Olaylar aras\u0131nda neden-sonu\u00e7 ili\u015fkisi kurar.<\/li>\n<li>Kaynaklara ve belgelere dayan\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>Objektiflik ilkesini esas al\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>Sistemli bir y\u00f6ntem izler.<\/li>\n<li>Kaynak ele\u015ftirisi yapar.<\/li>\n<li>Farkl\u0131 kaynaklar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>Bilinmeyeni ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>Di\u011fer bilim dallar\u0131ndan yararlan\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>Ula\u015f\u0131lan bilgileri s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131r, analiz eder ve sentezler.<\/li>\n<li>Olaylar\u0131 rastgele incelemez.<\/li>\n<li>Kronoloji, nedensellik ve de\u011fi\u015fim gibi temel kavramlar\u0131 kullan\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>Bilgiler belirli bir d\u00fczen i\u00e7inde s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131 ve analiz edilmelidir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"tk-kart\" aria-labelledby=\"bilimsel-tarihsel-bilgi\">\n<h2 id=\"bilimsel-tarihsel-bilgi\">Bilimsel Tarihsel Bilgi<\/h2>\n<div class=\"tk-tablo-kapsayici\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Ders notu tablosu 5\">\n<table class=\"tk-tablo\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"col\"><p><strong>Gereken \u00f6zellik<\/strong><\/p><\/th>\n<th scope=\"col\"><p><strong>A\u00e7\u0131klama<\/strong><\/p><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"Gereken \u00f6zellik\"><p>Kaynak ele\u015ftirisi<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"A\u00e7\u0131klama\"><p>Kaynaklar\u0131n do\u011frulu\u011fu, g\u00fcvenilirli\u011fi ve tarafl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 incelenir.<\/p><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"Gereken \u00f6zellik\"><p>Bilimsel y\u00f6ntem<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"A\u00e7\u0131klama\"><p>Hipotez kurma, veri toplama, analiz etme ve sonu\u00e7 \u00e7\u0131karma ad\u0131mlar\u0131 kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"Gereken \u00f6zellik\"><p>\u00c7ok y\u00f6nl\u00fc kan\u0131t<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"A\u00e7\u0131klama\"><p>Farkl\u0131 kaynaklardan elde edilen bilgiler kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"Gereken \u00f6zellik\"><p>Nesnel yakla\u015f\u0131m<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"A\u00e7\u0131klama\"><p>Ki\u015fisel, siyasi ve ideolojik \u00f6nyarg\u0131lar bilgiyi \u00e7arp\u0131tmamal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"Gereken \u00f6zellik\"><p>D\u00f6nem \u015fartlar\u0131<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"A\u00e7\u0131klama\"><p>Ge\u00e7mi\u015f olaylar kendi d\u00f6neminin \u015fartlar\u0131yla ele al\u0131n\u0131r.<\/p><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"tk-kart\" aria-labelledby=\"tarih-ve-doga-bilimleri\">\n<h2 id=\"tarih-ve-doga-bilimleri\">Tarih ve Do\u011fa Bilimleri<\/h2>\n<div class=\"tk-tablo-kapsayici\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Ders notu tablosu 6\">\n<table class=\"tk-tablo\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"col\"><p><strong>Tarih Bilimi<\/strong><\/p><\/th>\n<th scope=\"col\"><p><strong>Do\u011fa Bilimleri<\/strong><\/p><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"Tarih Bilimi\"><p>Ge\u00e7mi\u015fte ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015f, tekrarlanamaz olaylar\u0131 inceler.<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Do\u011fa Bilimleri\"><p>Tekrarlanabilir olay ve s\u00fcre\u00e7leri inceler.<\/p><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"Tarih Bilimi\"><p>Deney ve g\u00f6zlem do\u011frudan kullan\u0131lamaz.<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Do\u011fa Bilimleri\"><p>Deney ve g\u00f6zlem temel y\u00f6ntemlerdir.<\/p><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"Tarih Bilimi\"><p>Laboratuvarda tarihsel olaylar tekrar edilemez.<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Do\u011fa Bilimleri\"><p>Olaylar laboratuvarda tekrar edilebilir.<\/p><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"Tarih Bilimi\"><p>Kesin yasalara ula\u015fmak zordur.<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Do\u011fa Bilimleri\"><p>Genel ge\u00e7er yasalara ula\u015fmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"Tarih Bilimi\"><p>Kaynak, belge ve yorum \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Do\u011fa Bilimleri\"><p>\u00d6l\u00e7\u00fcm, deney ve g\u00f6zlem \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"tk-kart\" aria-labelledby=\"tarihte-deney-ve-gozlem\">\n<h2 id=\"tarihte-deney-ve-gozlem\">Tarihte Deney ve G\u00f6zlem<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"tk-madde-listesi\">\n<li>Tarihte deney ve g\u00f6zlem yoktur.<\/li>\n<li>Bu durum tarihin bilim olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermez.<\/li>\n<li>Tarihin bilimsel y\u00f6n\u00fc kaynaklara dayanmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>Tarih, y\u00f6ntem kullan\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>Tarih, ele\u015ftiri yapar.<\/li>\n<li>Tarih, sistemli ve nesnel bir bilimsel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma alan\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>T\u00fcmevar\u0131m ve t\u00fcmdengelimle evrensel tarih yasalar\u0131 olu\u015fturmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"tk-kart\" aria-labelledby=\"tarihci-konusunu-nasil-belirler\">\n<h2 id=\"tarihci-konusunu-nasil-belirler\">Tarih\u00e7i Konusunu Nas\u0131l Belirler?<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"tk-madde-listesi\">\n<li>Tarih\u00e7inin b\u00fct\u00fcn olaylar\u0131, ki\u015fileri, toplumlar\u0131 ve mek\u00e2nlar\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir.<\/li>\n<li>Bu nedenle tarih\u00e7i ara\u015ft\u0131rma konusunu s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>Olay\u0131n ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemde insanlar i\u00e7in \u00f6nemi sorgulan\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>\u0130nsanlar\u0131n ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 nas\u0131l etkiledi\u011fi dikkate al\u0131n\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>Etkilerinin g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar devam edip etmedi\u011fine bak\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>Olay\u0131n kaynaklar\u0131, yer ve zaman\u0131, nedenleri ve sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"tk-kart\" aria-labelledby=\"tarihcilerin-arastirma-basamaklari\">\n<h2 id=\"tarihcilerin-arastirma-basamaklari\">Tarih\u00e7ilerin Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Basamaklar\u0131<\/h2>\n<div class=\"tk-tablo-kapsayici\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Ders notu tablosu 7\">\n<table class=\"tk-tablo tk-cok-sutun\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"col\"><\/th>\n<th scope=\"col\"><p><strong>Basamak<\/strong><\/p><\/th>\n<th scope=\"col\"><p><strong>A\u00e7\u0131klama<\/strong><\/p><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"S\u00fctun 1\"><p>1<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Basamak\"><p>Ara\u015ft\u0131rma sorusu belirleme<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"A\u00e7\u0131klama\"><p>Tarih\u00e7i neyi ara\u015ft\u0131raca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirler.<\/p><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"S\u00fctun 1\"><p>2<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Basamak\"><p>Konu ve kapsam\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131rma<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"A\u00e7\u0131klama\"><p>D\u00f6nem, yer, ki\u015fi ve konu s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 \u00e7izilir.<\/p><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"S\u00fctun 1\"><p>3<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Basamak\"><p>Kaynaklardan bilgi toplama<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"A\u00e7\u0131klama\"><p>Yaz\u0131l\u0131, g\u00f6rsel, s\u00f6zl\u00fc, arkeolojik ve di\u011fer kaynaklar toplan\u0131r.<\/p><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"S\u00fctun 1\"><p>4<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Basamak\"><p>\u0130nceleme ve ele\u015ftirme<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"A\u00e7\u0131klama\"><p>Kaynaklar\u0131n do\u011frulu\u011fu, g\u00fcvenilirli\u011fi ve kullan\u0131labilirli\u011fi sorgulan\u0131r.<\/p><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"S\u00fctun 1\"><p>5<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Basamak\"><p>Olgular\u0131 belirleme<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"A\u00e7\u0131klama\"><p>Kaynaklardan elde edilen temel tarihsel bilgiler ortaya konur.<\/p><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"S\u00fctun 1\"><p>6<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Basamak\"><p>Olgular aras\u0131nda ili\u015fki kurma<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"A\u00e7\u0131klama\"><p>Neden-sonu\u00e7 ve de\u011fi\u015fim-s\u00fcreklilik ili\u015fkileri a\u00e7\u0131klan\u0131r.<\/p><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"S\u00fctun 1\"><p>7<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Basamak\"><p>Bilgileri sentezleme<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"A\u00e7\u0131klama\"><p>Bilgiler b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fckl\u00fc bir tarih anlat\u0131s\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"tk-kart\" aria-labelledby=\"tarihci-kaynaklari-nasil-degerlendirir\">\n<h2 id=\"tarihci-kaynaklari-nasil-degerlendirir\">Tarih\u00e7i Kaynaklar\u0131 Nas\u0131l De\u011ferlendirir?<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"tk-madde-listesi\">\n<li>Kayna\u011f\u0131 ba\u015fka kaynaklarla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>Kaynaktan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131labilecek bilgilerin ge\u00e7erlili\u011fini tart\u0131\u015f\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>Hesaplanabilirlik, \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclebilirlik ve kesinlik \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fctlerine bakar.<\/li>\n<li>Uzak ge\u00e7mi\u015fe gidildik\u00e7e kaynak say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n azalabilece\u011fini dikkate al\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>Kayna\u011f\u0131n orijinal olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na bakar.<\/li>\n<li>Kayna\u011f\u0131n hangi d\u00f6neme ait oldu\u011funu inceler.<\/li>\n<li>Kayna\u011f\u0131n olayla do\u011frudan ili\u015fkisini ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>Kayna\u011f\u0131n tarafl\u0131 olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sorgular.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"tk-kart\" aria-labelledby=\"kaynak-kanit-ve-belge\">\n<h2 id=\"kaynak-kanit-ve-belge\">Kaynak, Kan\u0131t ve Belge<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"tk-madde-listesi\">\n<li>Kaynak, ge\u00e7mi\u015fe dair izleri ta\u015f\u0131yan materyaldir.<\/li>\n<li>Tarih\u00e7i bilgi \u00fcretmek i\u00e7in kaynaklar\u0131 kullan\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>Tarih, ge\u00e7mi\u015fe ait kaynaklar\u0131n belli metotlarla incelenmesi sonucunda bilgi \u00fcretir.<\/li>\n<li>Kan\u0131t, tarihsel olay ve olgular\u0131 destekleyen delildir.<\/li>\n<li>Belge, kal\u0131nt\u0131, buluntu ve di\u011fer kaynaklardan kan\u0131t elde edilir.<\/li>\n<li>Tarih, kaynaklara ve kan\u0131tlara dayand\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken bir disiplindir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"tk-kart\" aria-labelledby=\"birinci-ve-ikinci-elden-kaynaklar\">\n<h2 id=\"birinci-ve-ikinci-elden-kaynaklar\">Birinci ve \u0130kinci Elden Kaynaklar<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"tk-madde-listesi\">\n<li>Birinci elden kaynaklar, olay\u0131n ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6neme ait kaynaklard\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>Kitabeler, mektuplar ve arkeolojik eserler birinci elden kaynak olabilir.<\/li>\n<li>Olay\u0131n ge\u00e7ti\u011fi d\u00f6neme ait belge, e\u015fya veya sanat eseri g\u00fcvenilirli\u011fi art\u0131r\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>Birinci elden kaynaklar da ele\u015ftiri s\u00fczgecinden ge\u00e7irilmelidir.<\/li>\n<li>\u0130kinci elden kaynaklar, olay\u0131n ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemden \u00e7ok sonra olu\u015fturulur.<\/li>\n<li>Kitaplar ve ansiklopediler ikinci elden kaynaklara \u00f6rnektir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"tk-kart\" aria-labelledby=\"kaynak-turleri\">\n<h2 id=\"kaynak-turleri\">Kaynak T\u00fcrleri<\/h2>\n<div class=\"tk-tablo-kapsayici\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Ders notu tablosu 8\">\n<table class=\"tk-tablo\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"col\"><p><strong>Kaynak t\u00fcr\u00fc<\/strong><\/p><\/th>\n<th scope=\"col\"><p><strong>\u00d6rnekler<\/strong><\/p><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"Kaynak t\u00fcr\u00fc\"><p>Yaz\u0131l\u0131<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"\u00d6rnekler\"><p>Kitabeler, fermanlar, kronikler, mektuplar, antla\u015fmalar<\/p><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"Kaynak t\u00fcr\u00fc\"><p>G\u00f6rsel<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"\u00d6rnekler\"><p>Minyat\u00fcrler, tablolar, haritalar, kabartmalar<\/p><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"Kaynak t\u00fcr\u00fc\"><p>Arkeolojik<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"\u00d6rnekler\"><p>Vazolar, z\u0131rhlar, mezarl\u0131klar, k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7lar<\/p><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"Kaynak t\u00fcr\u00fc\"><p>Mimari<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"\u00d6rnekler\"><p>Camiler, medreseler, kervansaraylar, hanlar, kaleler, dar\u00fc\u015f\u015fifalar<\/p><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"Kaynak t\u00fcr\u00fc\"><p>S\u00f6zl\u00fc<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"\u00d6rnekler\"><p>G\u00f6rg\u00fc tan\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131, hat\u0131ralar, s\u00f6zl\u00fc anlat\u0131lar<\/p><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"tk-kart\" aria-labelledby=\"kaynaklari-birlikte-kullanma\">\n<h2 id=\"kaynaklari-birlikte-kullanma\">Kaynaklar\u0131 Birlikte Kullanma<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"tk-madde-listesi\">\n<li>Ge\u00e7mi\u015f olaylar\u0131n t\u00fcm ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131yla anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in farkl\u0131 kaynak t\u00fcrleri bir araya getirilmelidir.<\/li>\n<li>Tek bir kayna\u011fa dayanmak tarihsel ger\u00e7ekli\u011fi eksik g\u00f6sterebilir.<\/li>\n<li>Tek bir kayna\u011fa dayanmak tarihsel ger\u00e7ekli\u011fi tarafl\u0131 g\u00f6sterebilir.<\/li>\n<li>Arkeolojik buluntu, g\u00f6rsel belge veya yaz\u0131l\u0131 kaynak do\u011frudan tarihsel bilgi vermez.<\/li>\n<li>Tarih\u00e7i \u00f6nce kayna\u011f\u0131 incelemeli ve ele\u015ftirmelidir.<\/li>\n<li>Kaynaklar kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bilimsel bilgiye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015febilir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"tk-kart\" aria-labelledby=\"olay-kavrami\">\n<h2 id=\"olay-kavrami\">Olay Kavram\u0131<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"tk-madde-listesi\">\n<li>Olay, toplumsal ya\u015fam i\u00e7inde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan geli\u015fmedir.<\/li>\n<li>Yeri ve zaman\u0131 bellidir.<\/li>\n<li>Ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 ve biti\u015fi belirli, k\u0131sa s\u00fcreli bir geli\u015fmedir.<\/li>\n<li>Tarihsel olaylar tekrarlanamaz ve biriciktir.<\/li>\n<li>Tarihsel olaylar somuttur ve \u00f6zel nitelik ta\u015f\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>Belli bir yer ve zamanda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir.<\/li>\n<li>En az iki ki\u015fi ya da toplum aras\u0131nda etkile\u015fim bulunur.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"tk-kart\" aria-labelledby=\"olay-ornekleri\">\n<h2 id=\"olay-ornekleri\">Olay \u00d6rnekleri<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"tk-madde-listesi\">\n<li>Frans\u0131z \u0130htilali\u2019nin ba\u015flamas\u0131.<\/li>\n<li>Hicret.<\/li>\n<li>\u0130stanbul\u2019un Fethi.<\/li>\n<li>Tanzimat Ferman\u0131.<\/li>\n<li>James Watt\u2019\u0131n buhar makinesini icat etmesi.<\/li>\n<li>Atat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn 19 May\u0131s 1919\u2019da Samsun\u2019a \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131.<\/li>\n<li>Malazgirt Meydan Muharebesi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"tk-kart\" aria-labelledby=\"olgu-kavrami\">\n<h2 id=\"olgu-kavrami\">Olgu Kavram\u0131<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"tk-madde-listesi\">\n<li>Olgu, tarih\u00ee ve sosyal olaylar\u0131n etkisiyle olu\u015fur.<\/li>\n<li>Uzun s\u00fcrede meydana gelir.<\/li>\n<li>Ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 ve biti\u015fi kesin olarak belirlenemeyen genel geli\u015fmedir.<\/li>\n<li>Tarihsel olgular daha uzun s\u00fcrelidir.<\/li>\n<li>Geneldir, soyuttur ve s\u00fcreklilik g\u00f6sterebilir.<\/li>\n<li>Belirli tek bir yer ve zamanla s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lamaz.<\/li>\n<li>Olgular, olaylar\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 uzun vadeli sonu\u00e7lar olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"tk-kart\" aria-labelledby=\"olgu-ornekleri\">\n<h2 id=\"olgu-ornekleri\">Olgu \u00d6rnekleri<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"tk-madde-listesi\">\n<li>\u0130slamiyet\u2019in yay\u0131lmas\u0131.<\/li>\n<li>Anadolu\u2019nun T\u00fcrk yurdu h\u00e2line gelmesi.<\/li>\n<li>\u015eehirle\u015fme.<\/li>\n<li>Bat\u0131l\u0131la\u015fma<\/li>\n<li>Sanayi Devrimi.<\/li>\n<li>T\u00fcrk ink\u0131lab\u0131.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"tk-kart\" aria-labelledby=\"olay-ve-olgu-karsilastirmasi\">\n<h2 id=\"olay-ve-olgu-karsilastirmasi\">Olay ve Olgu Kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131<\/h2>\n<div class=\"tk-tablo-kapsayici\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Ders notu tablosu 9\">\n<table class=\"tk-tablo tk-cok-sutun\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"col\"><p><strong>\u00d6zellik<\/strong><\/p><\/th>\n<th scope=\"col\"><p><strong>Olay<\/strong><\/p><\/th>\n<th scope=\"col\"><p><strong>Olgu<\/strong><\/p><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"\u00d6zellik\"><p>S\u00fcre<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Olay\"><p>K\u0131sa s\u00fcrelidir.<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Olgu\"><p>Uzun s\u00fcrelidir.<\/p><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"\u00d6zellik\"><p>Yer ve zaman<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Olay\"><p>Bellidir.<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Olgu\"><p>Kesin olarak belli de\u011fildir.<\/p><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"\u00d6zellik\"><p>Yap\u0131<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Olay\"><p>Somut ve \u00f6zeldir.<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Olgu\"><p>Soyut ve geneldir.<\/p><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"\u00d6zellik\"><p>Tekrarlanma<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Olay\"><p>Tekrarlanamaz.<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Olgu\"><p>Benzer s\u00fcre\u00e7ler farkl\u0131 toplumlarda g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir.<\/p><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"\u00d6zellik\"><p>Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7-biti\u015f<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Olay\"><p>Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 ve biti\u015fi bellidir.<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Olgu\"><p>Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 ve biti\u015fi tam belli de\u011fildir.<\/p><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"\u00d6zellik\"><p>\u00d6rnek<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Olay\"><p>Frans\u0131z \u0130htilali\u2019nin ba\u015flamas\u0131 \/ Hicret<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Olgu\"><p>Milliyet\u00e7ilik d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinin yay\u0131lmas\u0131 \/ \u0130slamiyet\u2019in yay\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131<\/p><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"tk-kart\" aria-labelledby=\"neden-sonuc-iliskisi\">\n<h2 id=\"neden-sonuc-iliskisi\">Neden-Sonu\u00e7 \u0130li\u015fkisi<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"tk-madde-listesi\">\n<li>Tarihsel olaylar ve olgular aras\u0131nda s\u0131k\u0131 bir neden-sonu\u00e7 ili\u015fkisi vard\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>Neden-sonu\u00e7 ili\u015fkisi kurulmazsa tarih olaylar\u0131n art arda s\u0131ralanmas\u0131ndan ibaret olur.<\/li>\n<li>Bu durumda tarih, bilimsel analiz olmaktan \u00e7\u0131kar.<\/li>\n<li>Tarih y\u00fczeysel bir hik\u00e2ye anlat\u0131m\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr.<\/li>\n<li>Tarih\u00e7i olaylar\u0131n nedenlerini ve sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koyarak ge\u00e7mi\u015fi anlamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>Tarihsel olaylar tek nedene ba\u011flanamaz.<\/li>\n<li>Sava\u015flar, ihtilaller ve g\u00f6\u00e7ler tek sebep-sonu\u00e7 ili\u015fkisiyle a\u00e7\u0131klanamaz.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"tk-kart\" aria-labelledby=\"kronoloji\">\n<h2 id=\"kronoloji\">Kronoloji<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"tk-madde-listesi\">\n<li>Kronoloji, olaylar\u0131 olu\u015f s\u0131ras\u0131na g\u00f6re dizen bilimdir.<\/li>\n<li>Olaylar\u0131n \u00f6ncelik-sonral\u0131k ili\u015fkisine g\u00f6re s\u0131ralanmas\u0131 tarihsel s\u00fcreci anlamay\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>Kronoloji, olaylar aras\u0131nda sa\u011flam bir k\u00f6pr\u00fc kurulmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/li>\n<li>Tarih\u00e7iler olaylar\u0131 kronolojik ak\u0131\u015f i\u00e7inde verir.<\/li>\n<li>Kronolojik s\u0131ralama olaylar\u0131n ard\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir.<\/li>\n<li>Neden-sonu\u00e7 ili\u015fkisini kurmay\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>Tarih yaln\u0131zca kronoloji de\u011fildir; olaylar yorumlanmal\u0131 ve analiz edilmelidir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"tk-kart\" aria-labelledby=\"objektiflik-ve-anakronizm\">\n<h2 id=\"objektiflik-ve-anakronizm\">Objektiflik ve Anakronizm<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"tk-madde-listesi\">\n<li>Objektiflik, olaylar\u0131n tarafs\u0131z ve nesnel bi\u00e7imde de\u011ferlendirilmesidir.<\/li>\n<li>Tarih\u00e7i ki\u015fisel, siyasi, ideolojik ya da duygusal \u00f6nyarg\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 bilgiye kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmamal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>Tarihsel ger\u00e7eklik, tarih\u00e7inin yorumunun \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7memelidir.<\/li>\n<li>Anakronizm, ge\u00e7mi\u015f olaylar\u0131 bug\u00fcn\u00fcn de\u011ferleriyle de\u011ferlendirmektir.<\/li>\n<li>Tarih yaz\u0131m\u0131nda anakronizm yap\u0131lmamal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>Her olay kendi d\u00f6neminin \u015fartlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde ele al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>D\u00f6nemin inan\u00e7lar\u0131, ekonomik ko\u015fullar\u0131, y\u00f6netim anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131, toplumsal yap\u0131s\u0131 ve bilgi seviyesi dikkate al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"tk-kart\" aria-labelledby=\"tarih-ne-degildir\">\n<h2 id=\"tarih-ne-degildir\">Tarih Ne De\u011fildir?<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"tk-madde-listesi\">\n<li>Sadece b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fah\u0131slar\u0131n hik\u00e2yesi de\u011fildir.<\/li>\n<li>Gelece\u011fi kesin bi\u00e7imde \u00f6ng\u00f6rme arac\u0131 de\u011fildir.<\/li>\n<li>Sadece mitoloji de\u011fildir.<\/li>\n<li>Tamamen \u00f6znel de\u011fildir.<\/li>\n<li>Salt kronoloji de\u011fildir.<\/li>\n<li>Sadece olaylar\u0131n art arda s\u0131ralanmas\u0131 de\u011fildir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"tk-kart\" aria-labelledby=\"tarihci-kim-degildir\">\n<h2 id=\"tarihci-kim-degildir\">Tarih\u00e7i Kim De\u011fildir?<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"tk-madde-listesi\">\n<li>Sadece hik\u00e2ye anlat\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 de\u011fildir.<\/li>\n<li>Bir ki\u015fi veya grubu y\u00fccelten ki\u015fi de\u011fildir.<\/li>\n<li>Her \u015feyi bilen otorite de\u011fildir.<\/li>\n<li>Gelecekten kesin emin bir k\u00e2hin de\u011fildir.<\/li>\n<li>Belgesiz yorum yapan ki\u015fi de\u011fildir.<\/li>\n<li>Tarih\u00e7i yorumlar\u0131n\u0131 kaynak ve kan\u0131tlarla desteklemek zorundad\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"tk-kart\" aria-labelledby=\"tarih-nasil-yazilmaz\">\n<h2 id=\"tarih-nasil-yazilmaz\">Tarih Nas\u0131l Yaz\u0131lmaz?<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"tk-madde-listesi\">\n<li>Kaynaks\u0131z ve belgesiz yaz\u0131lamaz.<\/li>\n<li>Mitlere ve efsanelere dayanarak yaz\u0131lamaz.<\/li>\n<li>Tek bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131yla yaz\u0131lamaz.<\/li>\n<li>Anakronizm yap\u0131larak yaz\u0131lamaz.<\/li>\n<li>Basitle\u015ftirici genellemelerle yaz\u0131lamaz.<\/li>\n<li>\u00d6nyarg\u0131l\u0131 ve tarafl\u0131 yaz\u0131lamaz.<\/li>\n<li>Sadece kronolojik s\u0131ralama \u015feklinde yaz\u0131lamaz.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"tk-kart\" aria-labelledby=\"metafor\">\n<h2 id=\"metafor\">Metafor<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"tk-madde-listesi\">\n<li>Metafor, bir \u015feyi ba\u015fka bir \u015feye benzeterek daha etkili ve \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 anlat\u0131m elde etmektir.<\/li>\n<li>Metaforda iki \u015fey aras\u0131nda hayali bir ba\u011flant\u0131 kurulur.<\/li>\n<li>Daha \u00e7ok \u015fiirsel ve sanatsal bir anlat\u0131m sa\u011flar.<\/li>\n<li>\u00d6rnek: \u201cKalbim ta\u015f gibi oldu.\u201d<\/li>\n<li>\u00d6rnek: \u201cO bir asland\u0131r.\u201d<\/li>\n<li>\u00d6rnek: \u201cDenizler kadar derin bir a\u015fk\u0131 var.\u201d<\/li>\n<li>\u00d6rnek: \u201cZaman su gibi ak\u0131p gidiyor.\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"tk-kart\" aria-labelledby=\"analoji-ve-karsilastirma\">\n<h2 id=\"analoji-ve-karsilastirma\">Analoji ve Kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rma<\/h2>\n<div class=\"tk-tablo-kapsayici\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Ders notu tablosu 10\">\n<table class=\"tk-tablo tk-cok-sutun\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"col\"><p><strong>\u00d6zellik<\/strong><\/p><\/th>\n<th scope=\"col\"><p><strong>Metafor<\/strong><\/p><\/th>\n<th scope=\"col\"><p><strong>Analoji<\/strong><\/p><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"\u00d6zellik\"><p>Ama\u00e7<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Metafor\"><p>Daha etkili ve \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 anlat\u0131m<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Analoji\"><p>Daha basit ve anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r a\u00e7\u0131klama<\/p><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"\u00d6zellik\"><p>Ba\u011flant\u0131<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Metafor\"><p>Hayali ba\u011flant\u0131<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Analoji\"><p>Mant\u0131ksal ili\u015fki<\/p><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"\u00d6zellik\"><p>Dil<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Metafor\"><p>Daha \u015fiirsel ve sanatsal<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Analoji\"><p>Daha bilimsel ve mant\u0131ksal<\/p><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"\u00d6zellik\"><p>Kullan\u0131m<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Metafor\"><p>Duygu ve etkiyi art\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Analoji\"><p>Karma\u015f\u0131k konuyu anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r h\u00e2le getirir.<\/p><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"tk-kart\" aria-labelledby=\"analoji\">\n<h2 id=\"analoji\">Analoji<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"tk-madde-listesi\">\n<li>Analoji, karma\u015f\u0131k bir konuyu daha basit ve anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r h\u00e2le getirmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>\u0130ki farkl\u0131 \u015fey aras\u0131ndaki benzerlikleri a\u00e7\u0131klar.<\/li>\n<li>Analojide iki \u015fey aras\u0131nda mant\u0131ksal bir ili\u015fki kurulur.<\/li>\n<li>Daha bilimsel ve a\u00e7\u0131klay\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>\u00d6rnek: \u201cAtom, g\u00fcne\u015f sistemine benzer.\u201d<\/li>\n<li>\u00d6rnek: \u201cBilgisayar bir beyin gibidir.\u201d<\/li>\n<li>\u00d6rnek: \u201cBir sistem puzzle gibidir.\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"tk-kart\" aria-labelledby=\"zaman-ve-tarihsel-zaman\">\n<h2 id=\"zaman-ve-tarihsel-zaman\">Zaman ve Tarihsel Zaman<\/h2>\n<div class=\"tk-tablo-kapsayici\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Ders notu tablosu 11\">\n<table class=\"tk-tablo\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"col\"><p><strong>Zaman <\/strong><strong>t\u00fcr\u00fc<\/strong><\/p><\/th>\n<th scope=\"col\"><p><strong>A\u00e7\u0131klama<\/strong><\/p><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"Zaman t\u00fcr\u00fc\"><p>Bireysel zaman<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"A\u00e7\u0131klama\"><p>Ki\u015fisel deneyimlere dayal\u0131, h\u0131zl\u0131 akan zaman alg\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"Zaman t\u00fcr\u00fc\"><p>Toplumsal zaman<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"A\u00e7\u0131klama\"><p>Sosyal yap\u0131lar\u0131n etkisiyle daha yava\u015f akan zaman alg\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"Zaman t\u00fcr\u00fc\"><p>Co\u011frafi zaman<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"A\u00e7\u0131klama\"><p>\u00c7evresel fakt\u00f6rlerin etkisiyle neredeyse durmu\u015f gibi alg\u0131lanan zaman d\u00fczeyidir.<\/p><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"Zaman t\u00fcr\u00fc\"><p>Tarihsel zaman<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"A\u00e7\u0131klama\"><p>Toplumsal olaylar\u0131n kronolojik s\u0131ras\u0131n\u0131 belirleyen ve tarih\u00e7ilerin kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman kavram\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"tk-kart\" aria-labelledby=\"takvim-sistemleri\">\n<h2 id=\"takvim-sistemleri\">Takvim Sistemleri<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"tk-madde-listesi\">\n<li>Takvim, zaman\u0131 g\u00fcn, ay ve y\u0131l gibi birimlere b\u00f6lme y\u00f6ntemidir.<\/li>\n<li>Takvimler Ay veya G\u00fcne\u015f hareketlerine g\u00f6re haz\u0131rlan\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>Toplumlar kendi ya\u015famlar\u0131n\u0131 en \u00e7ok etkileyen olay\u0131 takvim ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 kabul etmi\u015ftir.<\/li>\n<li>Ay takvimini S\u00fcmerler kullanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r; Ay\u2019\u0131n hareketlerine g\u00f6re d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir.<\/li>\n<li>G\u00fcne\u015f takvimini Antik M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar geli\u015ftirmi\u015ftir.<\/li>\n<li>G\u00fcne\u015f y\u0131l\u0131 esas al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f, Nil Nehri\u2019nin ta\u015fma zaman\u0131n\u0131 belirlemede kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"tk-kart\" aria-labelledby=\"miladi-takvimin-gelisimi\">\n<h2 id=\"miladi-takvimin-gelisimi\">Miladi Takvimin Geli\u015fimi<\/h2>\n<div class=\"tk-tablo-kapsayici\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Ders notu tablosu 12\">\n<table class=\"tk-tablo\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"col\"><p><strong>A\u015fama<\/strong><\/p><\/th>\n<th scope=\"col\"><p><strong>A\u00e7\u0131klama<\/strong><\/p><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"A\u015fama\"><p>Antik M\u0131s\u0131r<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"A\u00e7\u0131klama\"><p>Nil Nehri\u2019nin ta\u015fma zaman\u0131n\u0131 ve Sirius y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 takip ederek g\u00fcne\u015f y\u0131l\u0131 esasl\u0131 takvim geli\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"A\u015fama\"><p>Roma \/ Julius Caesar<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"A\u00e7\u0131klama\"><p>Antik M\u0131s\u0131r g\u00fcne\u015f takvimi d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f ve J\u00fclyen Takvimi olu\u015fturulmu\u015ftur.<\/p><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"A\u015fama\"><p>Papa XIII. Gregor<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"A\u00e7\u0131klama\"><p>1582\u2019de takvim yeniden d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f ve Gregoryen yani Miladi Takvim olu\u015fturulmu\u015ftur.<\/p><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"A\u015fama\"><p>Milat<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"A\u00e7\u0131klama\"><p>Hz. \u0130sa\u2019n\u0131n do\u011fumu ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 kabul edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"A\u015fama\"><p>T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"A\u00e7\u0131klama\"><p>1 Ocak 1926 tarihinden itibaren resm\u00ee olarak kullan\u0131lmaya ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"tk-kart\" aria-labelledby=\"tarihin-donemlendirilmesi\">\n<h2 id=\"tarihin-donemlendirilmesi\">Tarihin D\u00f6nemlendirilmesi<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"tk-madde-listesi\">\n<li>Tarih \u00e7ok geni\u015f bir zaman dilimini kapsar.<\/li>\n<li>Tarih\u00e7iler ara\u015ft\u0131rmay\u0131 ve \u00f6\u011frenmeyi kolayla\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in tarihi d\u00f6nemlere ay\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>Tarih \u00e7a\u011flara ve y\u00fczy\u0131llara ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>\u00c7a\u011f ve y\u00fczy\u0131l s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmalar\u0131 tarih \u00f6\u011fretimini d\u00fczenli h\u00e2le getirir.<\/li>\n<li>\u00c7a\u011f, kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc \u00f6zellikler ta\u015f\u0131yan zaman par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>Y\u00fczy\u0131l, milat ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 al\u0131narak y\u00fczer y\u0131ll\u0131k d\u00f6nemlere ayr\u0131lan zaman dilimidir.<\/li>\n<li>0-99 aras\u0131 1. y\u00fczy\u0131l, 100-199 aras\u0131 2. y\u00fczy\u0131l, 200-299 aras\u0131 3. y\u00fczy\u0131l olarak g\u00f6sterilir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"tk-kart\" aria-labelledby=\"tarih-oncesi-ve-tarihi-devirler\">\n<h2 id=\"tarih-oncesi-ve-tarihi-devirler\">Tarih \u00d6ncesi ve Tarih\u00ee Devirler<\/h2>\n<div class=\"tk-tablo-kapsayici\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Ders notu tablosu 13\">\n<table class=\"tk-tablo\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"col\"><p><strong>D\u00f6nem<\/strong><\/p><\/th>\n<th scope=\"col\"><p><strong>A\u00e7\u0131klama \/ Alt d\u00f6nemler<\/strong><\/p><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"D\u00f6nem\"><p>Tarih \u00f6ncesi devirler<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"A\u00e7\u0131klama \/ Alt d\u00f6nemler\"><p>Yaz\u0131l\u0131 kaynaklar\u0131n olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemdir.<\/p><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"D\u00f6nem\"><p>Tarih\u00ee devirler<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"A\u00e7\u0131klama \/ Alt d\u00f6nemler\"><p>S\u00fcmerlerin M\u00d6 3200\u2019lerde yaz\u0131y\u0131 icat etmesiyle ba\u015flar.<\/p><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"D\u00f6nem\"><p>Ta\u015f Devri<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"A\u00e7\u0131klama \/ Alt d\u00f6nemler\"><p>Paleolitik \/ Eski Ta\u015f, Mezolitik \/ Orta Ta\u015f, Neolitik \/ Yeni Ta\u015f<\/p><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"D\u00f6nem\"><p>Maden Devri<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"A\u00e7\u0131klama \/ Alt d\u00f6nemler\"><p>Bak\u0131r \/ Kalkolitik, Tun\u00e7, Demir<\/p><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"tk-kart\" aria-labelledby=\"tarih-caglari\">\n<h2 id=\"tarih-caglari\">Tarih \u00c7a\u011flar\u0131<\/h2>\n<div class=\"tk-tablo-kapsayici\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Ders notu tablosu 14\">\n<table class=\"tk-tablo tk-cok-sutun\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"col\"><p><strong>D\u00f6nemlendirme Avrupa\u2019da XVII. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan itibaren yayg\u0131nla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/strong><\/p><\/th>\n<th scope=\"col\"><\/th>\n<th scope=\"col\"><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"D\u00f6nemlendirme Avrupa\u2019da XVII. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan itibaren yayg\u0131nla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\"><p>\u00c7a\u011f<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"S\u00fctun 2\"><p>Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"S\u00fctun 3\"><p>Biti\u015f<\/p><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"D\u00f6nemlendirme Avrupa\u2019da XVII. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan itibaren yayg\u0131nla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\"><p>\u0130lk \u00c7a\u011f<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"S\u00fctun 2\"><p>M\u00d6 3200 \u2014 Yaz\u0131n\u0131n icad\u0131<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"S\u00fctun 3\"><p>MS 375 \u2014 Kavimler G\u00f6\u00e7\u00fc<\/p><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"D\u00f6nemlendirme Avrupa\u2019da XVII. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan itibaren yayg\u0131nla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\"><p>Orta \u00c7a\u011f<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"S\u00fctun 2\"><p>375 \u2014 Kavimler G\u00f6\u00e7\u00fc<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"S\u00fctun 3\"><p>1453 \u2014 \u0130stanbul\u2019un Fethi<\/p><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"D\u00f6nemlendirme Avrupa\u2019da XVII. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan itibaren yayg\u0131nla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\"><p>Yeni \u00c7a\u011f<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"S\u00fctun 2\"><p>1453 \u2014 \u0130stanbul\u2019un Fethi<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"S\u00fctun 3\"><p>1789 \u2014 Frans\u0131z \u0130htilali<\/p><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"D\u00f6nemlendirme Avrupa\u2019da XVII. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan itibaren yayg\u0131nla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\"><p>Yak\u0131n \u00c7a\u011f<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"S\u00fctun 2\"><p>1789 \u2014 Frans\u0131z \u0130htilali<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"S\u00fctun 3\"><p>G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz<\/p><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"tk-kart\" aria-labelledby=\"avrupa-merkezli-donemlendirme\">\n<h2 id=\"avrupa-merkezli-donemlendirme\">Avrupa Merkezli D\u00f6nemlendirme<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"tk-madde-listesi\">\n<li>Tarihin \u00e7a\u011flara ayr\u0131lmas\u0131 ilk defa Avrupa\u2019da yayg\u0131nla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>Avrupa\u2019da XVII. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan itibaren tarih d\u00f6nemlere ayr\u0131larak incelenmeye ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>Bu d\u00f6nemlendirmede Avrupa\u2019da ya\u015fanan geli\u015fmeler ve de\u011fi\u015fimler dikkate al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>Avrupal\u0131 tarih\u00e7iler kendi co\u011frafyalar\u0131n\u0131 di\u011fer b\u00f6lgelerden daha ileri ve \u00f6nemli bir merkez olarak g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/li>\n<li>Bu durum d\u00fcnya tarih yaz\u0131m\u0131nda Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na neden olmu\u015ftur.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<aside class=\"tk-bilgi-kutusu tk-osym\" role=\"note\" data-tk-table-cell=\"1\">\n<p><strong>\u00d6SYM D\u0130KKAT<\/strong><br> Tarihin \u00e7a\u011flara ayr\u0131lmas\u0131 ilk defa Avrupa\u2019da yayg\u0131nla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/aside>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"tk-kart\" aria-labelledby=\"degisim-ve-sureklilik\">\n<h2 id=\"degisim-ve-sureklilik\">De\u011fi\u015fim ve S\u00fcreklilik<\/h2>\n<div class=\"tk-tablo-kapsayici\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Ders notu tablosu 16\">\n<table class=\"tk-tablo\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"col\"><p><strong>Kavram \/ \u00d6rnek<\/strong><\/p><\/th>\n<th scope=\"col\"><p><strong>A\u00e7\u0131klama<\/strong><\/p><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"Kavram \/ \u00d6rnek\"><p>De\u011fi\u015fim<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"A\u00e7\u0131klama\"><p>Bir durumun \u00f6nceki h\u00e2liyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda farkl\u0131 bir yap\u0131ya b\u00fcr\u00fcnmesidir.<\/p><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"Kavram \/ \u00d6rnek\"><p>S\u00fcreklilik<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"A\u00e7\u0131klama\"><p>Zaman i\u00e7inde de\u011fi\u015fmeyen ya da \u00e7ok az de\u011fi\u015ferek devam eden unsurlar\u0131 ifade eder.<\/p><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"Kavram \/ \u00d6rnek\"><p>Gemi teknolojisi<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"A\u00e7\u0131klama\"><p>Fenike gemilerinden modern y\u00fck gemilerine ge\u00e7ilmi\u015ftir; deniz ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 devam etmi\u015ftir.<\/p><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"Kavram \/ \u00d6rnek\"><p>Dil<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"A\u00e7\u0131klama\"><p>Kelimeler, yaz\u0131 sistemi ve kullan\u0131m bi\u00e7imi de\u011fi\u015febilir; ileti\u015fim ihtiyac\u0131 s\u00fcrer.<\/p><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"Kavram \/ \u00d6rnek\"><p>Sanayi Devrimi<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"A\u00e7\u0131klama\"><p>\u00dcretim bi\u00e7imleri de\u011fi\u015fmi\u015ftir; \u00fcretim ve t\u00fcketim faaliyetleri devam etmi\u015ftir.<\/p><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"tk-kart\" aria-labelledby=\"tarihsel-onem\">\n<h2 id=\"tarihsel-onem\">Tarihsel \u00d6nem<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"tk-madde-listesi\">\n<li>Bir olay \u00f6nceki d\u00f6neme g\u00f6re b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131r\u0131lma veya de\u011fi\u015fim yaratmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>Yeni fikirler, teknolojiler veya kurumlar ortaya \u00e7\u0131karabilir.<\/li>\n<li>Var olan d\u00fczeni k\u00f6kten de\u011fi\u015ftirebilir.<\/li>\n<li>Etki alan\u0131 geni\u015f olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>Sadece yerel de\u011fil, b\u00f6lgesel veya uluslararas\u0131 etkiler do\u011furabilir.<\/li>\n<li>Etkisi uzun s\u00fcre devam edebilir.<\/li>\n<li>Ya\u015fam bi\u00e7imlerini, siyasal d\u00fczenleri, ekonomik yap\u0131lar\u0131 veya k\u00fclt\u00fcrel anlay\u0131\u015flar\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirebilir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"tk-kart\" aria-labelledby=\"tarihsel-onem-ornekleri\">\n<h2 id=\"tarihsel-onem-ornekleri\">Tarihsel \u00d6nem \u00d6rnekleri<\/h2>\n<div class=\"tk-tablo-kapsayici\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Ders notu tablosu 17\">\n<table class=\"tk-tablo\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"col\"><p><strong>Olay<\/strong><\/p><\/th>\n<th scope=\"col\"><p><strong>Etki<\/strong><\/p><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"Olay\"><p>TRT\u2019nin ilk televizyon yay\u0131n\u0131<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Etki\"><p>\u00d6ncelikle T\u00fcrk toplumunu etkilemi\u015ftir.<\/p><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"Olay\"><p>Sanayi Devrimi<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Etki\"><p>T\u00fcm d\u00fcnyay\u0131 etkileyen uzun s\u00fcreli sonu\u00e7lar do\u011furmu\u015ftur.<\/p><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"Olay\"><p>Atom bombas\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Etki\"><p>Sava\u015flar\u0131n y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rm\u0131\u015f, insanl\u0131k tarihi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan olumsuz bir d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktas\u0131 olmu\u015ftur.<\/p><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"Olay\"><p>Sanayi Devrimi<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Etki\"><p>Etkileri y\u00fczy\u0131llard\u0131r devam etmektedir.<\/p><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"tk-kart\" aria-labelledby=\"tarihsel-bilginin-ozellikleri\">\n<h2 id=\"tarihsel-bilginin-ozellikleri\">Tarihsel Bilginin \u00d6zellikleri<\/h2>\n<div class=\"tk-tablo-kapsayici\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Ders notu tablosu 18\">\n<table class=\"tk-tablo\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"col\"><p><strong>\u00d6zellik<\/strong><\/p><\/th>\n<th scope=\"col\"><p><strong>A\u00e7\u0131klama<\/strong><\/p><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"\u00d6zellik\"><p>Ge\u00e7mi\u015fe aittir.<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"A\u00e7\u0131klama\"><p>Ge\u00e7mi\u015fte ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015f olay ve olgularla ilgilidir.<\/p><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"\u00d6zellik\"><p>Kan\u0131ta dayan\u0131r.<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"A\u00e7\u0131klama\"><p>Belge, kaynak, buluntu ve kal\u0131nt\u0131larla desteklenmelidir.<\/p><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"\u00d6zellik\"><p>Tekrarlanamaz olaylar\u0131 inceler.<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"A\u00e7\u0131klama\"><p>Tarihsel olaylar laboratuvarda tekrar edilemez.<\/p><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"\u00d6zellik\"><p>Deney ve g\u00f6zlem yap\u0131lamaz.<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"A\u00e7\u0131klama\"><p>Ge\u00e7mi\u015f olaylar do\u011fa bilimlerindeki gibi deneylenemez.<\/p><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"\u00d6zellik\"><p>De\u011fi\u015febilir.<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"A\u00e7\u0131klama\"><p>Yeni belgeler ve ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar mevcut bilgileri de\u011fi\u015ftirebilir.<\/p><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tk-tablo-kapsayici\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Ders notu tablosu 19\">\n<table class=\"tk-tablo\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"col\"><p><strong>\u00d6zellik<\/strong><\/p><\/th>\n<th scope=\"col\"><p><strong>A\u00e7\u0131klama<\/strong><\/p><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"\u00d6zellik\"><p>Yorum i\u00e7erir.<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"A\u00e7\u0131klama\"><p>Tarih\u00e7i kaynaklardan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131m yapar; farkl\u0131 yorumlar olabilir.<\/p><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"\u00d6zellik\"><p>Nesnellik gerektirir.<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"A\u00e7\u0131klama\"><p>Tarih\u00e7i \u00f6nyarg\u0131dan uzak durmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"\u00d6zellik\"><p>D\u00f6nem \u015fartlar\u0131na g\u00f6re de\u011ferlendirilir.<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"A\u00e7\u0131klama\"><p>Anakronizmden ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"\u00d6zellik\"><p>Di\u011fer bilimlerden yararlan\u0131r.<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"A\u00e7\u0131klama\"><p>Kronoloji, co\u011frafya, arkeoloji, antropoloji, sosyoloji, n\u00fcmismatik, diplomatik gibi alanlardan destek al\u0131r.<\/p><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"\u00d6zellik\"><p>Sistemlidir.<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"A\u00e7\u0131klama\"><p>Ara\u015ft\u0131rma basamaklar\u0131 ve bilimsel y\u00f6ntem kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"tk-kart\" aria-labelledby=\"tarihsel-bilgide-kaynak-azligi\">\n<h2 id=\"tarihsel-bilgide-kaynak-azligi\">Tarihsel Bilgide Kaynak Azl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"tk-madde-listesi\">\n<li>Uzak ge\u00e7mi\u015fte kaynak say\u0131s\u0131 genellikle daha azd\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>Kaynak say\u0131s\u0131 azald\u0131k\u00e7a tarih\u00e7inin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma alan\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 h\u00e2le gelir.<\/li>\n<li>Baz\u0131 d\u00f6nemlerde \u00e7ok az belge g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>Tarih\u00e7i kaynaklardan elde etti\u011fi bilgileri yorumlar.<\/li>\n<li>Ayn\u0131 konuda farkl\u0131 yorumlar ortaya \u00e7\u0131kabilir.<\/li>\n<li>Bu durum tarihin geli\u015fen ve yenilenen bir bilim oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"tk-kart\" aria-labelledby=\"kaynaklarin-bilimsel-niteligi\">\n<h2 id=\"kaynaklarin-bilimsel-niteligi\">Kaynaklar\u0131n Bilimsel Niteli\u011fi<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"tk-madde-listesi\">\n<li>Kayna\u011f\u0131n bilimsel bilgiye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesi i\u00e7in orijinal olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirlenmelidir.<\/li>\n<li>Tarihlendirilmesi yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>Ba\u015fka kaynaklarla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>Hangi d\u00f6neme ait oldu\u011fu saptanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>\u00dczerindeki yaz\u0131, resim, malzeme ve bi\u00e7im \u00f6zellikleri analiz edilmelidir.<\/li>\n<li>Tarih\u00e7i kayna\u011f\u0131 incelemeli ve ele\u015ftirmelidir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<button class=\"tk-basa-don\" type=\"button\" aria-label=\"Ders notunun ba\u015f\u0131na d\u00f6n\">Ba\u015fa d\u00f6n<\/button>\n<\/article>\n<script>\n(function () {\n  \"use strict\";\n  var notes = document.querySelectorAll('.tk-ders-notu:not([data-tk-ready=\"true\"])');\n  notes.forEach(function (note) {\n    note.setAttribute('data-tk-ready', 'true');\n    var toc = note.querySelector('.tk-icindekiler');\n    var printButton = note.querySelector('.tk-yazdir');\n    var tocButton = note.querySelector('.tk-icindekilere-git');\n    var backButton = 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S\u0131n\u0131f Maarif Model Tarih Ders Notu\">[&#8230;]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1342,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_regular_price":[],"currency_symbol":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[162],"tags":[87],"class_list":["post-3545","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-9-sinif-tarih-ders-notlari","tag-9-sinif-tarih"],"post_slider_layout_featured_media_urls":{"thumbnail":["https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/9.SINIF-TARIH-NOTLAR-150x150.png",150,150,true],"post_slider_layout_landscape_large":["https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/9.SINIF-TARIH-NOTLAR-1200x720.png",1200,720,true],"post_slider_layout_portrait_large":["https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/9.SINIF-TARIH-NOTLAR-1200x720.png",1200,720,true],"post_slider_layout_square_large":["https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/9.SINIF-TARIH-NOTLAR-1200x720.png",1200,720,true],"post_slider_layout_landscape":["https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/9.SINIF-TARIH-NOTLAR-600x400.png",600,400,true],"post_slider_layout_portrait":["https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/9.SINIF-TARIH-NOTLAR-600x720.png",600,720,true],"post_slider_layout_square":["https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/9.SINIF-TARIH-NOTLAR-600x600.png",600,600,true],"full":["https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/9.SINIF-TARIH-NOTLAR.png",1280,720,false]},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Tarihin Do\u011fas\u0131 | 9. 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