{"id":3578,"date":"2026-08-03T12:26:51","date_gmt":"2026-08-03T09:26:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/?p=3578"},"modified":"2026-08-03T12:26:53","modified_gmt":"2026-08-03T09:26:53","slug":"avrupalilarin-somurgeci-politikalari-10-sinif-maarif-model-tarih-ders-notu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/index.php\/2026\/08\/03\/avrupalilarin-somurgeci-politikalari-10-sinif-maarif-model-tarih-ders-notu\/","title":{"rendered":"AVRUPALILARIN S\u00d6M\u00dcRGEC\u0130 POL\u0130T\u0130KALARI | 10. S\u0131n\u0131f Maarif Model Tarih Ders Notu"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">S\u0131n\u0131f: 10. S\u0131n\u0131f Tarih<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">3.\u00dcnite: C\u0130HAN DEVLET\u0130 OSMANLI (1453-1683)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00d6\u011frenme \u00c7\u0131kt\u0131s\u0131: AVRUPALILARIN S\u00d6M\u00dcRGEC\u0130 POL\u0130T\u0130KALARI<\/p>\n\n\n\n<style>\n.tk-ders-notu {\n  --tk-lacivert: #12345b;\n  --tk-lacivert-koyu: #0a223d;\n  --tk-turkuaz: #087f8c;\n  --tk-turkuaz-acik: #e6f7f7;\n  --tk-bordo: #8a2942;\n  --tk-altin: #d6a72f;\n  --tk-mavi-acik: #edf5ff;\n  --tk-sari-acik: #fff8d9;\n  --tk-metin: #1f2937;\n  --tk-soluk: #5b6675;\n  --tk-cizgi: #cfdae7;\n  width: 100%;\n  max-width: 1120px;\n  min-width: 0;\n  margin: 0 auto;\n  color: var(--tk-metin);\n  background: #f6f9fc;\n  font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\n  font-size: 17px;\n  line-height: 1.72;\n  overflow-x: clip;\n  overflow-wrap: anywhere;\n  word-wrap: break-word;\n  hyphens: auto;\n}\n.tk-ders-notu,\n.tk-ders-notu * {\n  box-sizing: border-box;\n  min-width: 0;\n}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-ilerleme {\n  position: fixed;\n  z-index: 9998;\n  top: 0;\n  left: 0;\n  right: 0;\n  width: 100%;\n  height: 5px;\n  background: rgba(18, 52, 91, 0.16);\n  pointer-events: none;\n}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-ilerleme-cubugu {\n  display: block;\n  width: 0;\n  max-width: 100%;\n  height: 100%;\n  background: linear-gradient(90deg, var(--tk-turkuaz), var(--tk-altin));\n  transition: width 120ms linear;\n}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-ust-alan {\n  padding: clamp(1.25rem, 4vw, 2.75rem);\n  color: #f7fbff;\n  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--tk-lacivert-koyu), var(--tk-lacivert));\n  border: 1px solid var(--tk-lacivert-koyu);\n  border-radius: 18px;\n  box-shadow: 0 12px 30px rgba(10, 34, 61, 0.18);\n}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-ana-baslik {\n  max-width: 100%;\n  margin: 0;\n  color: #ffffff;\n  font-size: clamp(1.72rem, 4.6vw, 2.65rem);\n  font-weight: 800;\n  line-height: 1.18;\n  letter-spacing: -0.02em;\n  overflow-wrap: anywhere;\n}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-ana-baslik::after {\n  display: block;\n  width: min(180px, 52%);\n  height: 5px;\n  margin-top: 0.8rem;\n  background: var(--tk-altin);\n  border-radius: 999px;\n  content: \"\";\n}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-seo-giris {\n  max-width: 900px;\n  margin: 1rem 0 0;\n  color: #eef7ff;\n  font-size: 1.02em;\n  line-height: 1.72;\n}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-araclar {\n  display: flex;\n  flex-wrap: wrap;\n  gap: 0.7rem;\n  margin-top: 1.2rem;\n}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-dugme,\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-basa-don {\n  display: inline-flex;\n  align-items: center;\n  justify-content: center;\n  max-width: 100%;\n  padding: 0.72rem 1rem;\n  color: var(--tk-lacivert-koyu);\n  background: #ffffff;\n  border: 2px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.88);\n  border-radius: 10px;\n  font: inherit;\n  font-weight: 700;\n  line-height: 1.25;\n  text-align: center;\n  cursor: pointer;\n  transition: transform 150ms ease, background-color 150ms ease, color 150ms ease;\n}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-dugme:hover,\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-basa-don:hover {\n  color: #ffffff;\n  background: var(--tk-turkuaz);\n  transform: translateY(-1px);\n}\n.tk-ders-notu a:focus-visible,\n.tk-ders-notu button:focus-visible {\n  outline: 4px solid var(--tk-altin);\n  outline-offset: 3px;\n}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-icindekiler {\n  margin: 1.25rem 0;\n  padding: 1.1rem 1.2rem;\n  background: #ffffff;\n  border: 1px solid var(--tk-cizgi);\n  border-left: 6px solid var(--tk-turkuaz);\n  border-radius: 14px;\n  box-shadow: 0 6px 18px rgba(18, 52, 91, 0.08);\n}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-icindekiler-baslik {\n  margin: 0 0 0.7rem;\n  color: var(--tk-lacivert);\n  font-size: 1.18em;\n  font-weight: 800;\n}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-icindekiler-listesi {\n  display: grid;\n  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));\n  gap: 0.45rem 0.9rem;\n  margin: 0;\n  padding: 0;\n  list-style: none;\n}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-icindekiler-listesi li {\n  margin: 0;\n  padding: 0;\n}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-icindekiler-listesi a {\n  display: block;\n  padding: 0.42rem 0.55rem;\n  color: var(--tk-turkuaz);\n  border-radius: 8px;\n  font-weight: 700;\n  line-height: 1.35;\n  text-decoration: none;\n  overflow-wrap: anywhere;\n}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-icindekiler-listesi a::before {\n  color: var(--tk-altin);\n  content: \"\u25c6 \";\n}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-icindekiler-listesi a:hover,\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-icindekiler-listesi a.tk-etkin {\n  color: var(--tk-lacivert-koyu);\n  background: var(--tk-turkuaz-acik);\n}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-icindekiler-listesi a.tk-alt-baslik-baglantisi {\n  padding-left: 1.2rem;\n  font-size: 0.94em;\n  font-weight: 600;\n}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-kart {\n  width: 100%;\n  min-width: 0;\n  margin: 1.15rem 0;\n  padding: clamp(1rem, 3vw, 1.55rem);\n  background: #ffffff;\n  border: 1px solid var(--tk-cizgi);\n  border-radius: 15px;\n  box-shadow: 0 6px 18px rgba(18, 52, 91, 0.075);\n  overflow: hidden;\n}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-kart > :first-child {\n  margin-top: 0;\n}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-kart > :last-child {\n  margin-bottom: 0;\n}\n.tk-ders-notu h2,\n.tk-ders-notu h3 {\n  max-width: 100%;\n  color: var(--tk-lacivert);\n  font-weight: 800;\n  line-height: 1.28;\n  overflow-wrap: anywhere;\n}\n.tk-ders-notu h2 {\n  margin: 0 0 1rem;\n  padding-bottom: 0.52rem;\n  font-size: clamp(1.34rem, 3vw, 1.72rem);\n  border-bottom: 4px solid var(--tk-altin);\n}\n.tk-ders-notu h3 {\n  margin: 1.2rem 0 0.7rem;\n  padding-left: 0.7rem;\n  font-size: clamp(1.12rem, 2.5vw, 1.35rem);\n  border-left: 5px solid var(--tk-turkuaz);\n}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-paragraf {\n  margin: 0.75rem 0;\n}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-paragraf strong,\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-liste strong,\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-hucre-metin strong {\n  color: var(--tk-bordo);\n}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-liste {\n  display: grid;\n  gap: 0.58rem;\n  margin: 0.85rem 0;\n  padding: 0;\n  list-style: none;\n}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-liste li {\n  position: relative;\n  margin: 0;\n  padding: 0.7rem 0.8rem 0.7rem 2.05rem;\n  background: var(--tk-mavi-acik);\n  border: 1px solid #d7e5f4;\n  border-radius: 10px;\n  overflow-wrap: anywhere;\n}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-liste li::before {\n  position: absolute;\n  top: 0.72rem;\n  left: 0.78rem;\n  color: var(--tk-turkuaz);\n  font-weight: 900;\n  content: \"\u25c6\";\n}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-liste.tk-liste-alt {\n  margin-left: min(1.35rem, 5vw);\n}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-liste.tk-liste-alt li {\n  background: var(--tk-turkuaz-acik);\n}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-alinti {\n  margin: 1rem 0;\n  padding: 1rem 1.1rem;\n  color: #581729;\n  background: #fff0f4;\n  border: 1px solid #e9b6c4;\n  border-left: 6px solid var(--tk-bordo);\n  border-radius: 12px;\n}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-bilgi-kutusu {\n  width: 100%;\n  min-width: 0;\n  margin: 1rem 0;\n  padding: 1rem 1.1rem;\n  background: var(--tk-sari-acik);\n  border: 1px solid #ead58f;\n  border-left: 7px solid var(--tk-altin);\n  border-radius: 12px;\n  overflow-wrap: anywhere;\n}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-bilgi-kutusu.tk-bilgi-dikkat,\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-bilgi-kutusu.tk-bilgi-karistirma {\n  color: #59192b;\n  background: #fff0f4;\n  border-color: #e9b6c4;\n  border-left-color: var(--tk-bordo);\n}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-bilgi-kutusu.tk-bilgi-sinav,\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-bilgi-kutusu.tk-bilgi-neden {\n  background: var(--tk-mavi-acik);\n  border-color: #c9ddf2;\n  border-left-color: var(--tk-lacivert);\n}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-bilgi-kutusu.tk-bilgi-kronoloji {\n  background: var(--tk-turkuaz-acik);\n  border-color: #b9dfdf;\n  border-left-color: var(--tk-turkuaz);\n}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-bilgi-kutusu p,\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-bilgi-kutusu ul {\n  margin-top: 0.35rem;\n  margin-bottom: 0.35rem;\n}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-tablo-kapsayici {\n  width: 100%;\n  max-width: 100%;\n  min-width: 0;\n  margin: 1rem 0;\n  overflow: visible;\n}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-tablo {\n  width: 100%;\n  max-width: 100%;\n  min-width: 0;\n  table-layout: fixed;\n  border-collapse: collapse;\n  border-spacing: 0;\n  background: #ffffff;\n}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-tablo th,\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-tablo td {\n  min-width: 0;\n  padding: 0.72rem 0.68rem;\n  vertical-align: middle;\n  text-align: left;\n  white-space: normal;\n  overflow-wrap: anywhere;\n  word-wrap: break-word;\n  hyphens: auto;\n  border: 1px solid #bdccdc;\n}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-tablo th {\n  color: #ffffff;\n  background: var(--tk-lacivert);\n  font-weight: 800;\n}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-tablo th .tk-hucre-metin strong {\n  color: #ffffff;\n}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-tablo tbody tr:nth-child(even) td {\n  background: #f2f7fc;\n}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-tablo tbody td:first-child {\n  color: var(--tk-bordo);\n  font-weight: 750;\n}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-hucre-metin > :first-child {\n  margin-top: 0;\n}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-hucre-metin > :last-child {\n  margin-bottom: 0;\n}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-hucre-paragraf {\n  margin: 0.35rem 0;\n  line-height: 1.52;\n}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-hucre-liste {\n  margin: 0.35rem 0;\n  padding-left: 1.15rem;\n}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-hucre-liste li {\n  margin: 0.18rem 0;\n}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-basa-don {\n  position: fixed;\n  z-index: 9997;\n  right: 1rem;\n  bottom: 1rem;\n  max-width: calc(100vw - 2rem);\n  color: #ffffff;\n  background: var(--tk-lacivert);\n  border-color: var(--tk-altin);\n  box-shadow: 0 8px 24px rgba(10, 34, 61, 0.24);\n  opacity: 0;\n  visibility: hidden;\n  transform: translateY(12px);\n}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-basa-don.tk-gorunur {\n  opacity: 1;\n  visibility: visible;\n  transform: translateY(0);\n}\n@media (max-width: 720px) {\n  .tk-ders-notu {\n    font-size: 16px;\n    line-height: 1.65;\n  }\n  .tk-ders-notu .tk-ust-alan,\n  .tk-ders-notu .tk-kart,\n  .tk-ders-notu .tk-icindekiler {\n    border-radius: 12px;\n  }\n  .tk-ders-notu .tk-icindekiler-listesi {\n    grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr);\n  }\n  .tk-ders-notu .tk-araclar {\n    flex-direction: column;\n  }\n  .tk-ders-notu .tk-dugme {\n    width: 100%;\n  }\n  .tk-ders-notu .tk-tablo.tk-cok-sutun,\n  .tk-ders-notu .tk-tablo.tk-cok-sutun tbody,\n  .tk-ders-notu .tk-tablo.tk-cok-sutun tr,\n  .tk-ders-notu .tk-tablo.tk-cok-sutun td {\n    display: block;\n    width: 100%;\n    max-width: 100%;\n    min-width: 0;\n  }\n  .tk-ders-notu .tk-tablo.tk-cok-sutun thead {\n    position: absolute;\n    width: 1px;\n    height: 1px;\n    padding: 0;\n    margin: -1px;\n    overflow: hidden;\n    clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0);\n    white-space: nowrap;\n    border: 0;\n  }\n  .tk-ders-notu .tk-tablo.tk-cok-sutun tbody tr {\n    margin: 0 0 0.9rem;\n    background: #ffffff;\n    border: 1px solid #bdccdc;\n    border-radius: 11px;\n    overflow: hidden;\n  }\n  .tk-ders-notu .tk-tablo.tk-cok-sutun tbody td {\n    display: grid;\n    grid-template-columns: minmax(7.2rem, 38%) minmax(0, 1fr);\n    gap: 0.65rem;\n    padding: 0.72rem;\n    color: var(--tk-metin);\n    background: #ffffff;\n    border: 0;\n    border-bottom: 1px solid #d9e2eb;\n  }\n  .tk-ders-notu .tk-tablo.tk-cok-sutun tbody td:last-child {\n    border-bottom: 0;\n  }\n  .tk-ders-notu .tk-tablo.tk-cok-sutun tbody td::before {\n    color: var(--tk-bordo);\n    font-weight: 800;\n    overflow-wrap: anywhere;\n    content: attr(data-label);\n  }\n}\n@media (max-width: 375px) {\n  .tk-ders-notu {\n    font-size: 15.5px;\n  }\n  .tk-ders-notu .tk-ust-alan,\n  .tk-ders-notu .tk-kart,\n  .tk-ders-notu .tk-icindekiler {\n    padding: 0.92rem;\n  }\n  .tk-ders-notu .tk-tablo th,\n  .tk-ders-notu .tk-tablo td {\n    padding: 0.58rem 0.46rem;\n  }\n  .tk-ders-notu .tk-tablo.tk-cok-sutun tbody td {\n    grid-template-columns: minmax(6.3rem, 37%) minmax(0, 1fr);\n    padding: 0.62rem;\n  }\n}\n@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {\n  .tk-ders-notu,\n  .tk-ders-notu * {\n    scroll-behavior: auto !important;\n    transition: none !important;\n  }\n}\n@media print {\n  .tk-ders-notu {\n    max-width: none;\n    color: #000000;\n    background: #ffffff;\n    font-size: 11pt;\n    overflow: visible;\n  }\n  .tk-ders-notu .tk-ust-alan {\n    color: #000000;\n    background: #ffffff;\n    border: 2px solid #12345b;\n    box-shadow: none;\n  }\n  .tk-ders-notu .tk-ana-baslik,\n  .tk-ders-notu .tk-seo-giris {\n    color: #000000;\n  }\n  .tk-ders-notu .tk-araclar,\n  .tk-ders-notu .tk-ilerleme,\n  .tk-ders-notu .tk-basa-don {\n    display: none !important;\n  }\n  .tk-ders-notu .tk-kart,\n  .tk-ders-notu .tk-icindekiler {\n    break-inside: avoid-page;\n    box-shadow: none;\n  }\n  .tk-ders-notu .tk-tablo,\n  .tk-ders-notu .tk-tablo thead,\n  .tk-ders-notu .tk-tablo tbody,\n  .tk-ders-notu .tk-tablo tr,\n  .tk-ders-notu .tk-tablo th,\n  .tk-ders-notu .tk-tablo td {\n    display: table;\n  }\n  .tk-ders-notu .tk-tablo {\n    display: table;\n  }\n  .tk-ders-notu .tk-tablo thead {\n    display: table-header-group;\n  }\n  .tk-ders-notu .tk-tablo tbody {\n    display: table-row-group;\n  }\n  .tk-ders-notu .tk-tablo tr {\n    display: table-row;\n  }\n  .tk-ders-notu .tk-tablo th,\n  .tk-ders-notu .tk-tablo td {\n    display: table-cell;\n  }\n  .tk-ders-notu a {\n    color: #000000;\n    text-decoration: none;\n  }\n}\n<\/style>\n<article class=\"tk-ders-notu\" id=\"tk-avrupalilarin-somurgeci-politikalari-baslangic\" lang=\"tr\"><div class=\"tk-ilerleme\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span class=\"tk-ilerleme-cubugu\"><\/span><\/div><header class=\"tk-ust-alan\"><p class=\"tk-ana-baslik\" data-source-id=\"src-00001\"><strong>AVRUPALILARIN<\/strong> <strong>S\u00d6M\u00dcRGEC\u0130 POL\u0130T\u0130KALARI<\/strong><\/p><p class=\"tk-seo-giris\">Bu 10. s\u0131n\u0131f tarih ders notu, \u201cAVRUPALILARIN S\u00d6M\u00dcRGEC\u0130 POL\u0130T\u0130KALARI\u201d \u00f6\u011frenme \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye Y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131 Maarif Modeli do\u011frultusunda daha d\u00fczenli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmana yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmak i\u00e7in haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Notlarda S\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilik Nedir?, Co\u011frafi Ke\u015fifler (S\u00f6m\u00fcrgecili\u011fin Ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131) Ekonomik Nedenler ve Co\u011frafi Ke\u015fifler: Ekonomik Nedenler ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 belgedeki s\u0131rayla inceleyebilirsin. Maddeler, tablolar ve dikkat kutular\u0131; kavramlar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131, olaylar aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkileri g\u00f6rmeni ve \u00f6nemli ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 tekrar etmeni kolayla\u015ft\u0131racak bi\u00e7imde d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. \u0130\u00e7indekiler alan\u0131n\u0131 kullanarak istedi\u011fin b\u00f6l\u00fcme h\u0131zl\u0131ca ge\u00e7ebilir, okuma ilerleme \u00e7ubu\u011fuyla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131 takip edebilir ve yazd\u0131rma d\u00fc\u011fmesiyle notu k\u00e2\u011f\u0131da aktarabilirsin. Bu i\u00e7erik, belgeye sad\u0131k kal\u0131narak haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f bir Maarif Model tarih ders notudur; konu anlat\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 ad\u0131m ad\u0131m okumak, tablo bilgilerini g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irmek ve ders \u00f6ncesi ya da sonras\u0131 tekrar yapmak i\u00e7in kullanabilirsin.<\/p><div class=\"tk-araclar\"><button class=\"tk-dugme tk-yazdir\" type=\"button\" aria-label=\"Ders notunu yazd\u0131r\">Yazd\u0131r<\/button><button class=\"tk-dugme tk-icindekilere-git\" type=\"button\" aria-label=\"\u0130\u00e7indekiler b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne git\" data-target=\"tk-avrupalilarin-somurgeci-politikalari-icindekiler\">\u0130\u00e7indekilere Git<\/button><\/div><\/header><nav class=\"tk-icindekiler\" id=\"tk-avrupalilarin-somurgeci-politikalari-icindekiler\" aria-label=\"Ders notu i\u00e7indekiler\"><p class=\"tk-icindekiler-baslik\">\u0130\u00e7indekiler<\/p><ul class=\"tk-icindekiler-listesi\"><li><a href=\"#tk-avrupalilarin-somurgeci-politikalari-somurgecilik-nedir\">S\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilik Nedir?<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#tk-avrupalilarin-somurgeci-politikalari-cografi-kesifler-somurgeciligin-baslangici-ekonomik-nedenler\">Co\u011frafi Ke\u015fifler (S\u00f6m\u00fcrgecili\u011fin Ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131) Ekonomik Nedenler<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#tk-avrupalilarin-somurgeci-politikalari-cografi-kesifler-ekonomik-nedenler\">Co\u011frafi Ke\u015fifler: Ekonomik Nedenler<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#tk-avrupalilarin-somurgeci-politikalari-siyasi-dini-ve-kulturel-nedenler\">Siyasi, Din\u00ee ve K\u00fclt\u00fcrel Nedenler<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#tk-avrupalilarin-somurgeci-politikalari-bilimsel-ve-teknolojik-nedenler\">Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Nedenler<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#tk-avrupalilarin-somurgeci-politikalari-portekizin-onculugu\">Portekiz\u2019in \u00d6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#tk-avrupalilarin-somurgeci-politikalari-portekizin-kesifleri-ve-kolonileri\">Portekiz\u2019in Ke\u015fifleri ve Kolonileri<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#tk-avrupalilarin-somurgeci-politikalari-ispanyanin-somurgeciligi\">\u0130spanya\u2019n\u0131n S\u00f6m\u00fcrgecili\u011fi<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#tk-avrupalilarin-somurgeci-politikalari-amerikadaki-yerli-halklar\">Amerika\u2019daki Yerli Halklar<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#tk-avrupalilarin-somurgeci-politikalari-hollanda-fransa-ve-ingilterenin-somurgeciligi\">Hollanda, Fransa ve \u0130ngiltere\u2019nin S\u00f6m\u00fcrgecili\u011fi<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#tk-avrupalilarin-somurgeci-politikalari-cografi-kesiflerin-ekonomik-sonuclari\">Co\u011frafi Ke\u015fiflerin Ekonomik Sonu\u00e7lar\u0131<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#tk-avrupalilarin-somurgeci-politikalari-siyasi-sosyal-ve-kulturel-sonuclar\">Siyasi, Sosyal ve K\u00fclt\u00fcrel Sonu\u00e7lar<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#tk-avrupalilarin-somurgeci-politikalari-yerli-halklar-ve-osmanliya-etkileri\">Yerli Halklar ve Osmanl\u0131\u2019ya Etkileri<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#tk-avrupalilarin-somurgeci-politikalari-amerikadan-gelen-madenlerin-etkileri\">Amerika\u2019dan Gelen Madenlerin Etkileri<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#tk-avrupalilarin-somurgeci-politikalari-atlantik-kole-ticaretinin-ortaya-cikisi\">Atlantik K\u00f6le Ticaretinin Ortaya \u00c7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#tk-avrupalilarin-somurgeci-politikalari-koleligin-sona-ermesi\">K\u00f6leli\u011fin Sona Ermesi<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#tk-avrupalilarin-somurgeci-politikalari-klasik-ve-yeni-somurgecilik\">Klasik ve Yeni S\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilik<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#tk-avrupalilarin-somurgeci-politikalari-ronesans-nedir\">R\u00f6nesans Nedir?<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#tk-avrupalilarin-somurgeci-politikalari-ronesansin-basladigi-yer-ve-yayilmasi\">R\u00f6nesans\u2019\u0131n Ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Yer ve Yay\u0131lmas\u0131<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#tk-avrupalilarin-somurgeci-politikalari-ronesansin-ortaya-cikis-unsurlari\">R\u00f6nesans\u2019\u0131n Ortaya \u00c7\u0131k\u0131\u015f Unsurlar\u0131<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#tk-avrupalilarin-somurgeci-politikalari-humanizm-ve-rasyonalizm\">H\u00fcmanizm ve Rasyonalizm<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#tk-avrupalilarin-somurgeci-politikalari-mesen-sinifi-ve-medici-ailesi\">Mesen S\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 ve Medici Ailesi<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#tk-avrupalilarin-somurgeci-politikalari-tuccarlar-sanati-neden-destekledi\">T\u00fcccarlar Sanat\u0131 Neden Destekledi?<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#tk-avrupalilarin-somurgeci-politikalari-ronesans-sanatinin-ozellikleri\">R\u00f6nesans Sanat\u0131n\u0131n \u00d6zellikleri<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#tk-avrupalilarin-somurgeci-politikalari-matbaanin-ronesanstaki-rolu\">Matbaan\u0131n R\u00f6nesans\u2019taki Rol\u00fc<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#tk-avrupalilarin-somurgeci-politikalari-ronesans-ve-siyasi-dusunce\">R\u00f6nesans ve Siyasi D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#tk-avrupalilarin-somurgeci-politikalari-ronesansin-avrupaya-etkileri\">R\u00f6nesans\u2019\u0131n Avrupa\u2019ya Etkileri<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#tk-avrupalilarin-somurgeci-politikalari-ronesans-ve-somurgeci-politikalar\">R\u00f6nesans ve S\u00f6m\u00fcrgeci Politikalar<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#tk-avrupalilarin-somurgeci-politikalari-reform-nedir\">Reform Nedir?<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#tk-avrupalilarin-somurgeci-politikalari-reformun-nedenleri\">Reform\u2019un Nedenleri<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#tk-avrupalilarin-somurgeci-politikalari-reform-hareketlerinin-baslangici\">Reform Hareketlerinin Ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#tk-avrupalilarin-somurgeci-politikalari-reformun-yayilmasi-ve-sonuclari\">Reform\u2019un Yay\u0131lmas\u0131 ve Sonu\u00e7lar\u0131<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#tk-avrupalilarin-somurgeci-politikalari-reformun-sonuclari-tablosu\">Reform\u2019un Sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 Tablosu<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#tk-avrupalilarin-somurgeci-politikalari-otuz-yil-savaslari-ve-westphalia\">Otuz Y\u0131l Sava\u015flar\u0131 ve Westphalia<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#tk-avrupalilarin-somurgeci-politikalari-reform-hareketleri-ve-osmanli-devleti\">Reform Hareketleri ve Osmanl\u0131 Devleti<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#tk-avrupalilarin-somurgeci-politikalari-avrupanin-modernlesme-sureci\">Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n Modernle\u015fme S\u00fcreci<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><section class=\"tk-kart\" aria-labelledby=\"tk-avrupalilarin-somurgeci-politikalari-somurgecilik-nedir\"><h2 id=\"tk-avrupalilarin-somurgeci-politikalari-somurgecilik-nedir\" data-source-id=\"src-00002\"><strong>S\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilik<\/strong><strong> Nedir?<\/strong><\/h2><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li data-source-id=\"src-00003\">Bir devletin ba\u015fka uluslar\u0131, devletleri veya topluluklar\u0131 siyasi ve ekonomik egemenli\u011fi alt\u0131na almas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00004\">G\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc devletler ba\u015fka b\u00f6lgelerin do\u011fal kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irir.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00005\">Yerli halklar\u0131 siyasi denetim alt\u0131na al\u0131r.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00006\">Ham madde kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 kendi ekonomileri i\u00e7in kullan\u0131r.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00007\">Yerli halklar\u0131 ucuz i\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fc veya k\u00f6le eme\u011fi olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00008\">Kendi k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc, dinini, dilini ve y\u00f6netim anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 yaymaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r.<\/li><\/ul><div class=\"tk-bilgi-kutusu tk-bilgi-kronoloji\" role=\"note\" aria-label=\"Kronoloji\u0307\" data-source-table=\"tablo-1\"><div data-source-row=\"tablo-1-satir-1\"><div data-source-cell=\"tablo-1-hucre-1\"><div class=\"tk-hucre-metin\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-paragraf\" data-source-id=\"src-00009\"><strong>KRONOLOJ\u0130  <\/strong>Co\u011frafi Ke\u015fifler \u2192 s\u00f6m\u00fcrge imparatorluklar\u0131 \u2192 Avrupa\u2019da sermaye birikimi \u2192 yeni ticaret merkezlerinin y\u00fckseli\u015fi.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tk-bilgi-kutusu tk-bilgi-neden\" role=\"note\" aria-label=\"Neden \u00d6nemli\u0307?\" data-source-table=\"tablo-2\"><div data-source-row=\"tablo-2-satir-1\"><div data-source-cell=\"tablo-2-hucre-1\"><div class=\"tk-hucre-metin\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-paragraf\" data-source-id=\"src-00010\"><strong>NEDEN \u00d6NEML\u0130?  <\/strong>S\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilik, ham madde ve pazarlar\u0131n Avrupa devletlerinin denetimine girmesine; k\u00fcresel g\u00fc\u00e7 dengesinin de\u011fi\u015fmesine yol a\u00e7t\u0131.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"tk-kart\" aria-labelledby=\"tk-avrupalilarin-somurgeci-politikalari-cografi-kesifler-somurgeciligin-baslangici-ekonomik-nedenler\"><h2 id=\"tk-avrupalilarin-somurgeci-politikalari-cografi-kesifler-somurgeciligin-baslangici-ekonomik-nedenler\" data-source-id=\"src-00011\">Co\u011frafi Ke\u015fifler (S\u00f6m\u00fcrgecili\u011fin Ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131) Ekonomik Nedenler<\/h2><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li data-source-id=\"src-00012\">XV-XVII. y\u00fczy\u0131llarda Osmanl\u0131 Devleti ve di\u011fer M\u00fcsl\u00fcman devletler \u0130pek ve Baharat yollar\u0131 \u00fczerinde etkiliydi.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00013\">Bu durum Avrupal\u0131lar\u0131n Do\u011fu ile ticaretini zorla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yor ve maliyetleri art\u0131r\u0131yordu.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00014\">Avrupal\u0131lar Do\u011fu\u2019ya do\u011frudan ula\u015facak yeni yollar arad\u0131.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00015\">Venedikliler ile M\u00fcsl\u00fcman t\u00fcccarlar\u0131n i\u015f birli\u011fi alternatif deniz yollar\u0131 aray\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lendirdi.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00016\">Ticari \u00fcr\u00fcnleri daha ucuza alma iste\u011fi ke\u015fifleri h\u0131zland\u0131rd\u0131.<\/li><\/ul><\/section><section class=\"tk-kart\" aria-labelledby=\"tk-avrupalilarin-somurgeci-politikalari-cografi-kesifler-ekonomik-nedenler\"><h2 id=\"tk-avrupalilarin-somurgeci-politikalari-cografi-kesifler-ekonomik-nedenler\" data-source-id=\"src-00017\">Co\u011frafi Ke\u015fifler: Ekonomik Nedenler<\/h2><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li data-source-id=\"src-00018\">Avrupa\u2019da baharata b\u00fcy\u00fck ihtiya\u00e7 vard\u0131.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00019\">Baharat yiyecekleri korumak ve tatland\u0131rmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131yordu.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00020\">Baharat y\u00fckte hafif, pahada a\u011f\u0131r oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in k\u00e2rl\u0131 bir ticaret \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcyd\u00fc.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00021\">Avrupa\u2019da mevcut alt\u0131n madenleri t\u00fckenmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00022\">Para darl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ticareti ve \u00fcretimi olumsuz etkiliyordu.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00023\">Zenginle\u015fme ve Do\u011fu\u2019nun zenginliklerine do\u011frudan ula\u015fma iste\u011fi etkili oldu.<\/li><\/ul><\/section><section class=\"tk-kart\" aria-labelledby=\"tk-avrupalilarin-somurgeci-politikalari-siyasi-dini-ve-kulturel-nedenler\"><h2 id=\"tk-avrupalilarin-somurgeci-politikalari-siyasi-dini-ve-kulturel-nedenler\" data-source-id=\"src-00024\">Siyasi, Din\u00ee ve K\u00fclt\u00fcrel Nedenler<\/h2><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li data-source-id=\"src-00025\">Avrupa devletleri yeni topraklar ele ge\u00e7irerek g\u00fc\u00e7lenmek istiyordu.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00026\">S\u00f6m\u00fcrge sahibi olmak siyasi prestij ve asker\u00ee \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck anlam\u0131na geliyordu.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00027\">Portekiz\u2019in ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131 \u0130spanya, Hollanda, Fransa ve \u0130ngiltere\u2019yi harekete ge\u00e7irdi.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00028\">Avrupa devletleri aras\u0131nda s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilik yar\u0131\u015f\u0131 ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00029\">Avrupal\u0131lar Hristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yeni b\u00f6lgelere yaymak istiyordu.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00030\">Bilinmeyen yerleri tan\u0131ma, ke\u015ffetme ve macera arzusu denizcileri etkiledi.<\/li><\/ul><\/section><section class=\"tk-kart\" aria-labelledby=\"tk-avrupalilarin-somurgeci-politikalari-bilimsel-ve-teknolojik-nedenler\"><h2 id=\"tk-avrupalilarin-somurgeci-politikalari-bilimsel-ve-teknolojik-nedenler\" data-source-id=\"src-00031\">Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Nedenler<\/h2><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li data-source-id=\"src-00032\">XV. y\u00fczy\u0131la kadar Avrupal\u0131lar\u0131n denizcilik bilgisi s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131yd\u0131.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00033\">Portekizli gemiciler, M\u00fcsl\u00fcman co\u011frafyac\u0131lardan \u00f6\u011frendikleri harita tekni\u011fini geli\u015ftirdi.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00034\">Karavel ve karak tipi okyanuslara dayan\u0131kl\u0131 gemiler yap\u0131ld\u0131.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00035\">Pusula ve usturlap gibi ara\u00e7lar kullan\u0131lmaya ba\u015fland\u0131.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00036\">Denizlerde y\u00f6n bulmak kolayla\u015ft\u0131.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00037\">Bilinmeyen yerlerin haritalar\u0131 yap\u0131labildi.<\/li><\/ul><\/section><section class=\"tk-kart\" aria-labelledby=\"tk-avrupalilarin-somurgeci-politikalari-portekizin-onculugu\"><h2 id=\"tk-avrupalilarin-somurgeci-politikalari-portekizin-onculugu\" data-source-id=\"src-00038\">Portekiz\u2019in \u00d6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc<\/h2><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li data-source-id=\"src-00039\">Co\u011frafi Ke\u015fiflerde \u00f6nc\u00fc devletlerden biri Portekiz\u2019dir.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00040\">Denizci Henri XV. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Afrika k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131na y\u00f6nelik ke\u015fifleri ba\u015flatt\u0131.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00041\">Bartolomeu Dias, Afrika\u2019n\u0131n g\u00fcney ucundaki \u00dcmit Burnu\u2019nu ke\u015ffetti.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00042\">Bu geli\u015fme Hindistan yolunun a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00043\">1498\u2019de Vasco da Gama \u00dcmit Burnu\u2019nu ge\u00e7ti.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00044\">Vasco da Gama Hindistan\u2019\u0131n Kalikut Liman\u0131\u2019na ula\u015ft\u0131.<\/li><\/ul><\/section><section class=\"tk-kart\" aria-labelledby=\"tk-avrupalilarin-somurgeci-politikalari-portekizin-kesifleri-ve-kolonileri\"><h2 id=\"tk-avrupalilarin-somurgeci-politikalari-portekizin-kesifleri-ve-kolonileri\" data-source-id=\"src-00045\">Portekiz\u2019in Ke\u015fifleri ve Kolonileri<\/h2><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li data-source-id=\"src-00046\">Vasco da Gama\u2019n\u0131n yolculu\u011fu Portekiz\u2019in baharat ticaretinde g\u00fc\u00e7 kazanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00047\">1500\u2019de Pedro Alvares Cabral arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla Brezilya\u2019ya ula\u015f\u0131ld\u0131.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00048\">Brezilya Portekiz topra\u011f\u0131 ilan edildi.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00049\">1511\u2019de Malakka Bo\u011faz\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irildi.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00050\">1554\u2019te \u00c7in ile ticaret i\u00e7in Makao \u00fcs olarak kullan\u0131lmaya ba\u015fland\u0131.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00051\">Portekiz Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede b\u00fcy\u00fck bir s\u00f6m\u00fcrge imparatorlu\u011funa d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.<\/li><\/ul><\/section><section class=\"tk-kart\" aria-labelledby=\"tk-avrupalilarin-somurgeci-politikalari-ispanyanin-somurgeciligi\"><h2 id=\"tk-avrupalilarin-somurgeci-politikalari-ispanyanin-somurgeciligi\" data-source-id=\"src-00052\">\u0130spanya\u2019n\u0131n S\u00f6m\u00fcrgecili\u011fi<\/h2><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li data-source-id=\"src-00053\">Portekiz\u2019in ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131 \u0130spanya\u2019y\u0131 deniza\u015f\u0131r\u0131 ke\u015fiflere y\u00f6neltti.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00054\">Kristof Kolomb Hindistan\u2019a ula\u015fmak isterken Amerika k\u0131tas\u0131na ula\u015ft\u0131.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00055\">Avrupa a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u201cke\u015fif\u201d say\u0131lan bu olay yerli halklar i\u00e7in a\u011f\u0131r sonu\u00e7lar do\u011furdu.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00056\">\u0130spanyollar Amerika\u2019daki alt\u0131n ve g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f\u00fc Avrupa\u2019ya ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00057\">Bu zenginlik \u0130spanya\u2019y\u0131 XVI. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ve zengin krall\u0131klar\u0131ndan biri yapt\u0131.<\/li><\/ul><\/section><section class=\"tk-kart\" aria-labelledby=\"tk-avrupalilarin-somurgeci-politikalari-amerikadaki-yerli-halklar\"><h2 id=\"tk-avrupalilarin-somurgeci-politikalari-amerikadaki-yerli-halklar\" data-source-id=\"src-00058\">Amerika\u2019daki Yerli Halklar<\/h2><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li data-source-id=\"src-00059\">Yerli halklar topraklar\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00060\">Zorla \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131 ve k\u00f6lele\u015ftirildi.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00061\">Salg\u0131n hastal\u0131klar nedeniyle b\u00fcy\u00fck n\u00fcfus kay\u0131plar\u0131 ya\u015fand\u0131.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00062\">K\u00fclt\u00fcrel y\u0131k\u0131ma u\u011frad\u0131.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00063\">\u0130spanyol yay\u0131lmas\u0131 sonucunda \u0130nka ve Aztek gibi b\u00fcy\u00fck medeniyetler y\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00064\">Tarihsel olaylar zarar g\u00f6renler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan da de\u011ferlendirilmelidir.<\/li><\/ul><\/section><section class=\"tk-kart\" aria-labelledby=\"tk-avrupalilarin-somurgeci-politikalari-hollanda-fransa-ve-ingilterenin-somurgeciligi\"><h2 id=\"tk-avrupalilarin-somurgeci-politikalari-hollanda-fransa-ve-ingilterenin-somurgeciligi\" data-source-id=\"src-00065\">Hollanda, Fransa ve \u0130ngiltere\u2019nin S\u00f6m\u00fcrgecili\u011fi<\/h2><div class=\"tk-tablo-kapsayici\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Hollanda, Fransa ve \u0130ngiltere\u2019nin S\u00f6m\u00fcrgecili\u011fi tablosu 3\" data-source-table=\"tablo-3\"><table class=\"tk-tablo tk-cok-sutun\"><thead><tr data-source-row=\"tablo-3-satir-1\"><th scope=\"col\" data-source-cell=\"tablo-3-satir-1-hucre-1\"><div class=\"tk-hucre-metin\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-paragraf\" data-source-id=\"src-00066\"><strong>Devlet<\/strong><\/p><\/div><\/th><th scope=\"col\" data-source-cell=\"tablo-3-satir-1-hucre-2\"><div class=\"tk-hucre-metin\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-paragraf\" data-source-id=\"src-00067\"><strong>S\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilik Faaliyetleri<\/strong><\/p><\/div><\/th><th scope=\"col\" data-source-cell=\"tablo-3-satir-1-hucre-3\"><div class=\"tk-hucre-metin\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-paragraf\" data-source-id=\"src-00068\"><strong>Ekonomik Hedefler<\/strong><\/p><\/div><\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr data-source-row=\"tablo-3-satir-2\"><td data-label=\"Devlet\" data-source-cell=\"tablo-3-satir-2-hucre-1\"><div class=\"tk-hucre-metin\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-paragraf\" data-source-id=\"src-00069\"><strong>Hollanda<\/strong><\/p><\/div><\/td><td data-label=\"S\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilik Faaliyetleri\" data-source-cell=\"tablo-3-satir-2-hucre-2\"><div class=\"tk-hucre-metin\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-paragraf\" data-source-id=\"src-00070\">Do\u011fu Hindistan \u015eirketi arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla Asya\u2019da etkili oldu.<\/p><\/div><\/td><td data-label=\"Ekonomik Hedefler\" data-source-cell=\"tablo-3-satir-2-hucre-3\"><div class=\"tk-hucre-metin\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-paragraf\" data-source-id=\"src-00071\">Baharat ticaretini ele ge\u00e7irmek.<\/p><\/div><\/td><\/tr><tr data-source-row=\"tablo-3-satir-3\"><td data-label=\"Devlet\" data-source-cell=\"tablo-3-satir-3-hucre-1\"><div class=\"tk-hucre-metin\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-paragraf\" data-source-id=\"src-00072\"><strong>Fransa<\/strong><\/p><\/div><\/td><td data-label=\"S\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilik Faaliyetleri\" data-source-cell=\"tablo-3-satir-3-hucre-2\"><div class=\"tk-hucre-metin\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-paragraf\" data-source-id=\"src-00073\">Amerika, Afrika ve Asya\u2019da koloniler kurdu.<\/p><\/div><\/td><td data-label=\"Ekonomik Hedefler\" data-source-cell=\"tablo-3-satir-3-hucre-3\"><div class=\"tk-hucre-metin\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-paragraf\" data-source-id=\"src-00074\">Baharat, \u015feker kam\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve k\u00fcrk ticareti yapmak.<\/p><\/div><\/td><\/tr><tr data-source-row=\"tablo-3-satir-4\"><td data-label=\"Devlet\" data-source-cell=\"tablo-3-satir-4-hucre-1\"><div class=\"tk-hucre-metin\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-paragraf\" data-source-id=\"src-00075\"><strong>\u0130ngiltere<\/strong><\/p><\/div><\/td><td data-label=\"S\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilik Faaliyetleri\" data-source-cell=\"tablo-3-satir-4-hucre-2\"><div class=\"tk-hucre-metin\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-paragraf\" data-source-id=\"src-00076\">Hindistan ve Amerika\u2019da koloniler kurdu.<\/p><\/div><\/td><td data-label=\"Ekonomik Hedefler\" data-source-cell=\"tablo-3-satir-4-hucre-3\"><div class=\"tk-hucre-metin\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-paragraf\" data-source-id=\"src-00077\">Deniz ticareti, ham madde, pazar ve s\u00f6m\u00fcrge geliri elde etmek.<\/p><\/div><\/td><\/tr><tr data-source-row=\"tablo-3-satir-5\"><td data-label=\"Devlet\" data-source-cell=\"tablo-3-satir-5-hucre-1\"><div class=\"tk-hucre-metin\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-paragraf\" data-source-id=\"src-00078\"><strong>\u0130ngiltere<\/strong><\/p><\/div><\/td><td data-label=\"S\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilik Faaliyetleri\" data-source-cell=\"tablo-3-satir-5-hucre-2\"><div class=\"tk-hucre-metin\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-paragraf\" data-source-id=\"src-00079\">Do\u011fu Hindistan \u015eirketi s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecili\u011fin merkezi h\u00e2line geldi.<\/p><\/div><\/td><td data-label=\"Ekonomik Hedefler\" data-source-cell=\"tablo-3-satir-5-hucre-3\"><div class=\"tk-hucre-metin\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-paragraf\" data-source-id=\"src-00080\">Hindistan ticaretini ve kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 denetlemek.<\/p><\/div><\/td><\/tr><tr data-source-row=\"tablo-3-satir-6\"><td data-label=\"Devlet\" data-source-cell=\"tablo-3-satir-6-hucre-1\"><div class=\"tk-hucre-metin\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-paragraf\" data-source-id=\"src-00081\"><strong>\u0130ngiltere<\/strong><\/p><\/div><\/td><td data-label=\"S\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilik Faaliyetleri\" data-source-cell=\"tablo-3-satir-6-hucre-2\"><div class=\"tk-hucre-metin\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-paragraf\" data-source-id=\"src-00082\">K\u00f6le ticaretinde aktif rol oynad\u0131.<\/p><\/div><\/td><td data-label=\"Ekonomik Hedefler\" data-source-cell=\"tablo-3-satir-6-hucre-3\"><div class=\"tk-hucre-metin\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-paragraf\" data-source-id=\"src-00083\">Avrupa ekonomisinde b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00fc\u00e7 h\u00e2line gelmek.<\/p><\/div><\/td><\/tr><tr data-source-row=\"tablo-3-satir-7\"><td data-label=\"Devlet\" data-source-cell=\"tablo-3-satir-7-hucre-1\"><div class=\"tk-hucre-metin\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-paragraf\" data-source-id=\"src-00084\"><strong>\u0130ngiltere<\/strong><\/p><\/div><\/td><td data-label=\"S\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilik Faaliyetleri\" data-source-cell=\"tablo-3-satir-7-hucre-2\"><div class=\"tk-hucre-metin\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-paragraf\" data-source-id=\"src-00085\">Zamanla geni\u015f bir s\u00f6m\u00fcrge a\u011f\u0131 kurdu.<\/p><\/div><\/td><td data-label=\"Ekonomik Hedefler\" data-source-cell=\"tablo-3-satir-7-hucre-3\"><div class=\"tk-hucre-metin\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-paragraf\" data-source-id=\"src-00086\">\u201c\u00dczerinde g\u00fcne\u015f batmayan imparatorluk\u201d olarak an\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p><\/div><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"tk-kart\" aria-labelledby=\"tk-avrupalilarin-somurgeci-politikalari-cografi-kesiflerin-ekonomik-sonuclari\"><h2 id=\"tk-avrupalilarin-somurgeci-politikalari-cografi-kesiflerin-ekonomik-sonuclari\" data-source-id=\"src-00087\">Co\u011frafi Ke\u015fiflerin Ekonomik Sonu\u00e7lar\u0131<\/h2><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li data-source-id=\"src-00088\">\u0130pek ve Baharat yollar\u0131 eski \u00f6nemini b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde kaybetti.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00089\">D\u00fcnya ticaret yollar\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fti.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00090\">Atlas Okyanusu limanlar\u0131 \u00f6nem kazand\u0131.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00091\">Akdeniz limanlar\u0131 eski \u00f6nemini k\u0131smen kaybetti.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00092\">Avrupa\u2019ya bol miktarda alt\u0131n ve g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f ta\u015f\u0131nd\u0131.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00093\">Burjuva s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 ve Avrupa devletleri zenginle\u015fti.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00094\">S\u00f6m\u00fcrge imparatorluklar\u0131, k\u00f6le ticareti, yeni ham madde kaynaklar\u0131 ve pazarlar ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/li><\/ul><\/section><section class=\"tk-kart\" aria-labelledby=\"tk-avrupalilarin-somurgeci-politikalari-siyasi-sosyal-ve-kulturel-sonuclar\"><h2 id=\"tk-avrupalilarin-somurgeci-politikalari-siyasi-sosyal-ve-kulturel-sonuclar\" data-source-id=\"src-00095\">Siyasi, Sosyal ve K\u00fclt\u00fcrel Sonu\u00e7lar<\/h2><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li data-source-id=\"src-00096\">Portekiz, \u0130spanya, Hollanda, Fransa ve \u0130ngiltere s\u00f6m\u00fcrge imparatorluklar\u0131 kurdu.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00097\">Avrupa devletleri aras\u0131nda s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilik yar\u0131\u015f\u0131 ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00098\">Deniz g\u00fcc\u00fc siyasi g\u00fcc\u00fcn \u00f6nemli unsurlar\u0131ndan biri h\u00e2line geldi.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00099\">Ke\u015ffedilen b\u00f6lgeler siyasi ve asker\u00ee rekabet alan\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00100\">Yeni bitki ve hayvan t\u00fcrleri tan\u0131nd\u0131; co\u011frafi bilgiler artt\u0131.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00101\">Hristiyanl\u0131k yeni b\u00f6lgelere yay\u0131ld\u0131; kiliseye duyulan g\u00fcven sars\u0131lmaya ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00102\">R\u00f6nesans ve Reform hareketlerine zemin haz\u0131rland\u0131.<\/li><\/ul><\/section><section class=\"tk-kart\" aria-labelledby=\"tk-avrupalilarin-somurgeci-politikalari-yerli-halklar-ve-osmanliya-etkileri\"><h2 id=\"tk-avrupalilarin-somurgeci-politikalari-yerli-halklar-ve-osmanliya-etkileri\" data-source-id=\"src-00103\">Yerli Halklar ve Osmanl\u0131\u2019ya Etkileri<\/h2><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li data-source-id=\"src-00104\">Amerika k\u0131tas\u0131ndaki yerli halklar i\u00e7in ke\u015fifler b\u00fcy\u00fck y\u0131k\u0131mlara yol a\u00e7t\u0131.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00105\">Yerli halklar k\u00f6lele\u015ftirildi, topraklar\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel bask\u0131ya u\u011frad\u0131.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00106\">Co\u011frafi Ke\u015fifler sonucunda ticaret yollar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00f6n\u00fc de\u011fi\u015fti.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00107\">Osmanl\u0131 \u00fclkesinden ge\u00e7en \u0130pek ve Baharat yollar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemi azald\u0131.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00108\">Atlas Okyanusu limanlar\u0131 \u00f6nem kazan\u0131rken Akdeniz limanlar\u0131 eski \u00f6nemini kaybetti.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00109\">Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin g\u00fcmr\u00fck gelirleri azald\u0131 ve ekonomi olumsuz etkilendi.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00110\">Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n deniz ticaretinde g\u00fc\u00e7lenmesi Osmanl\u0131 etkisini zamanla zay\u0131flatt\u0131.<\/li><\/ul><\/section><section class=\"tk-kart\" aria-labelledby=\"tk-avrupalilarin-somurgeci-politikalari-amerikadan-gelen-madenlerin-etkileri\"><h2 id=\"tk-avrupalilarin-somurgeci-politikalari-amerikadan-gelen-madenlerin-etkileri\" data-source-id=\"src-00111\">Amerika\u2019dan Gelen Madenlerin Etkileri<\/h2><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li data-source-id=\"src-00112\">1503-1660 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Amerika\u2019dan \u0130spanya\u2019ya \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck miktarda alt\u0131n ve \u00f6zellikle g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f ta\u015f\u0131nd\u0131.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00113\">Amerika\u2019dan \u0130spanya\u2019ya on binlerce ton g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f geldi.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00114\">G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f ithalat\u0131 k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc artt\u0131.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00115\">Avrupa\u2019da para miktar\u0131 \u00e7o\u011fald\u0131.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00116\">Paran\u0131n de\u011feri d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc ve enflasyon ya\u015fand\u0131.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00117\">G\u0131da ve temel t\u00fcketim maddelerinin fiyatlar\u0131 y\u00fckseldi.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00118\">Sabit gelirli kesimler yoksulla\u015ft\u0131; t\u00fcccarlar ve b\u00fcy\u00fck toprak sahipleri zenginle\u015fti.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00119\">\u0130spanya, gelirle b\u00fcy\u00fck ordular kurdu ve sava\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 finanse etti.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00120\">\u0130spanya Avrupa siyasetinde etkili olmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00121\">\u00dcretime dayal\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ekonomi kurulamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f ba\u015fka \u00fclkelere akt\u0131.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00122\">\u0130spanya\u2019da ekonomik gerileme ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00123\">Fiyat art\u0131\u015flar\u0131 k\u00f6yl\u00fc ayaklanmalar\u0131n\u0131, i\u015f\u00e7i huzursuzluklar\u0131n\u0131 ve s\u0131n\u0131fsal u\u00e7urumlar\u0131 art\u0131rd\u0131.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00124\">L\u00fcks ve g\u00f6steri\u015f artt\u0131; kay\u0131t d\u0131\u015f\u0131 g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f ticareti ekonomik d\u00fczensizlikleri \u00e7o\u011faltt\u0131.<\/li><\/ul><\/section><section class=\"tk-kart\" aria-labelledby=\"tk-avrupalilarin-somurgeci-politikalari-atlantik-kole-ticaretinin-ortaya-cikisi\"><h2 id=\"tk-avrupalilarin-somurgeci-politikalari-atlantik-kole-ticaretinin-ortaya-cikisi\" data-source-id=\"src-00125\">Atlantik K\u00f6le Ticaretinin Ortaya \u00c7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131<\/h2><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li data-source-id=\"src-00126\">Yerli n\u00fcfusun salg\u0131n hastal\u0131klar ve a\u011f\u0131r \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131 nedeniyle azalmas\u0131 \u0130spanyollar\u0131 Afrikal\u0131 k\u00f6lelere y\u00f6neltti.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00127\">1518\u2019de \u0130spanyol Kral\u0131 V. Charles Afrika\u2019dan Amerika\u2019ya k\u00f6le ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 yasalla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00128\">Atlantik k\u00f6le ticareti kurumsal bir h\u00e2le geldi.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00129\">Milyonlarca Afrikal\u0131 zorla Amerika k\u0131tas\u0131na g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00130\">Afrikal\u0131lar \u015feker kam\u0131\u015f\u0131 tarlalar\u0131nda, madenlerde, plantasyonlarda ve a\u011f\u0131r i\u015flerde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00131\">K\u00f6le eme\u011finden elde edilen k\u00e2rlar Avrupa\u2019da sanayi, ticaret ve bankac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n geli\u015fmesinde etkili oldu.<\/li><\/ul><\/section><section class=\"tk-kart\" aria-labelledby=\"tk-avrupalilarin-somurgeci-politikalari-koleligin-sona-ermesi\"><h2 id=\"tk-avrupalilarin-somurgeci-politikalari-koleligin-sona-ermesi\" data-source-id=\"src-00132\">K\u00f6leli\u011fin Sona Ermesi<\/h2><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li data-source-id=\"src-00133\">Atlantik k\u00f6le ticareti XIX. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ortalar\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde sona erdi.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00134\">K\u00f6leli\u011fin tamamen kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve etkilerinin silinmesi uzun y\u0131llar s\u00fcrd\u00fc.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00135\">K\u00f6lelik kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 protestolar insan haklar\u0131 m\u00fccadelesinin \u00f6nemli bir par\u00e7as\u0131 oldu.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00136\">Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler 25 Mart\u2019\u0131 anma g\u00fcn\u00fc ilan etti.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00137\">Bu g\u00fcn \u201cUluslararas\u0131 K\u00f6lelik ve Transatlantik K\u00f6le Ticareti Ma\u011fdurlar\u0131n\u0131 Anma G\u00fcn\u00fc\u201dd\u00fcr.<\/li><\/ul><\/section><section class=\"tk-kart\" aria-labelledby=\"tk-avrupalilarin-somurgeci-politikalari-klasik-ve-yeni-somurgecilik\"><h2 id=\"tk-avrupalilarin-somurgeci-politikalari-klasik-ve-yeni-somurgecilik\" data-source-id=\"src-00138\">Klasik ve Yeni S\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilik<\/h2><div class=\"tk-tablo-kapsayici\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Klasik ve Yeni S\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilik tablosu 4\" data-source-table=\"tablo-4\"><table class=\"tk-tablo tk-cok-sutun\"><thead><tr data-source-row=\"tablo-4-satir-1\"><th scope=\"col\" data-source-cell=\"tablo-4-satir-1-hucre-1\"><div class=\"tk-hucre-metin\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-paragraf\" data-source-id=\"src-00139\"><strong>\u00d6zellik<\/strong><\/p><\/div><\/th><th scope=\"col\" data-source-cell=\"tablo-4-satir-1-hucre-2\"><div class=\"tk-hucre-metin\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-paragraf\" data-source-id=\"src-00140\"><strong>Klasik S\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilik<\/strong><\/p><\/div><\/th><th scope=\"col\" data-source-cell=\"tablo-4-satir-1-hucre-3\"><div class=\"tk-hucre-metin\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-paragraf\" data-source-id=\"src-00141\"><strong>Yeni S\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilik<\/strong><\/p><\/div><\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr data-source-row=\"tablo-4-satir-2\"><td data-label=\"\u00d6zellik\" data-source-cell=\"tablo-4-satir-2-hucre-1\"><div class=\"tk-hucre-metin\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-paragraf\" data-source-id=\"src-00142\">Y\u00f6netim bi\u00e7imi<\/p><\/div><\/td><td data-label=\"Klasik S\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilik\" data-source-cell=\"tablo-4-satir-2-hucre-2\"><div class=\"tk-hucre-metin\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-paragraf\" data-source-id=\"src-00143\">Do\u011frudan i\u015fgal ve y\u00f6netim.<\/p><\/div><\/td><td data-label=\"Yeni S\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilik\" data-source-cell=\"tablo-4-satir-2-hucre-3\"><div class=\"tk-hucre-metin\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-paragraf\" data-source-id=\"src-00144\">Dolayl\u0131 ekonomik, siyasi ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel denetim.<\/p><\/div><\/td><\/tr><tr data-source-row=\"tablo-4-satir-3\"><td data-label=\"\u00d6zellik\" data-source-cell=\"tablo-4-satir-3-hucre-1\"><div class=\"tk-hucre-metin\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-paragraf\" data-source-id=\"src-00145\">Ara\u00e7lar<\/p><\/div><\/td><td data-label=\"Klasik S\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilik\" data-source-cell=\"tablo-4-satir-3-hucre-2\"><div class=\"tk-hucre-metin\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-paragraf\" data-source-id=\"src-00146\">Asker\u00ee g\u00fc\u00e7, koloni y\u00f6netimi, zorla \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma.<\/p><\/div><\/td><td data-label=\"Yeni S\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilik\" data-source-cell=\"tablo-4-satir-3-hucre-3\"><div class=\"tk-hucre-metin\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-paragraf\" data-source-id=\"src-00147\">Bor\u00e7, \u015firketler, medya, asker\u00ee \u00fcsler, siyasi m\u00fcdahaleler.<\/p><\/div><\/td><\/tr><tr data-source-row=\"tablo-4-satir-4\"><td data-label=\"\u00d6zellik\" data-source-cell=\"tablo-4-satir-4-hucre-1\"><div class=\"tk-hucre-metin\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-paragraf\" data-source-id=\"src-00148\">Hedef<\/p><\/div><\/td><td data-label=\"Klasik S\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilik\" data-source-cell=\"tablo-4-satir-4-hucre-2\"><div class=\"tk-hucre-metin\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-paragraf\" data-source-id=\"src-00149\">Toprak ve kaynak ele ge\u00e7irmek.<\/p><\/div><\/td><td data-label=\"Yeni S\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilik\" data-source-cell=\"tablo-4-satir-4-hucre-3\"><div class=\"tk-hucre-metin\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-paragraf\" data-source-id=\"src-00150\">Kaynak, pazar ve siyasi etki alan\u0131 olu\u015fturmak.<\/p><\/div><\/td><\/tr><tr data-source-row=\"tablo-4-satir-5\"><td data-label=\"\u00d6zellik\" data-source-cell=\"tablo-4-satir-5-hucre-1\"><div class=\"tk-hucre-metin\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-paragraf\" data-source-id=\"src-00151\">Ekonomik yap\u0131<\/p><\/div><\/td><td data-label=\"Klasik S\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilik\" data-source-cell=\"tablo-4-satir-5-hucre-2\"><div class=\"tk-hucre-metin\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-paragraf\" data-source-id=\"src-00152\">Ham madde s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcs\u00fc ve k\u00f6le eme\u011fi.<\/p><\/div><\/td><td data-label=\"Yeni S\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilik\" data-source-cell=\"tablo-4-satir-5-hucre-3\"><div class=\"tk-hucre-metin\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-paragraf\" data-source-id=\"src-00153\">Ham madde ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, ucuz i\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fc, d\u0131\u015f bor\u00e7.<\/p><\/div><\/td><\/tr><tr data-source-row=\"tablo-4-satir-6\"><td data-label=\"\u00d6zellik\" data-source-cell=\"tablo-4-satir-6-hucre-1\"><div class=\"tk-hucre-metin\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-paragraf\" data-source-id=\"src-00154\">K\u00fclt\u00fcrel etki<\/p><\/div><\/td><td data-label=\"Klasik S\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilik\" data-source-cell=\"tablo-4-satir-6-hucre-2\"><div class=\"tk-hucre-metin\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-paragraf\" data-source-id=\"src-00155\">Dil, din ve e\u011fitim yoluyla do\u011frudan bask\u0131.<\/p><\/div><\/td><td data-label=\"Yeni S\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilik\" data-source-cell=\"tablo-4-satir-6-hucre-3\"><div class=\"tk-hucre-metin\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-paragraf\" data-source-id=\"src-00156\">Medya, t\u00fcketim k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc ve de\u011fer aktar\u0131m\u0131.<\/p><\/div><\/td><\/tr><tr data-source-row=\"tablo-4-satir-7\"><td data-label=\"\u00d6zellik\" data-source-cell=\"tablo-4-satir-7-hucre-1\"><div class=\"tk-hucre-metin\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-paragraf\" data-source-id=\"src-00157\">Sonu\u00e7<\/p><\/div><\/td><td data-label=\"Klasik S\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilik\" data-source-cell=\"tablo-4-satir-7-hucre-2\"><div class=\"tk-hucre-metin\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-paragraf\" data-source-id=\"src-00158\">Yerli halklar\u0131n siyasi ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kaybetmesi.<\/p><\/div><\/td><td data-label=\"Yeni S\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilik\" data-source-cell=\"tablo-4-satir-7-hucre-3\"><div class=\"tk-hucre-metin\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-paragraf\" data-source-id=\"src-00159\">Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z g\u00f6r\u00fcnen \u00fclkelerin d\u0131\u015fa ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 kalmas\u0131.<\/p><\/div><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"tk-kart\" aria-labelledby=\"tk-avrupalilarin-somurgeci-politikalari-ronesans-nedir\"><h2 id=\"tk-avrupalilarin-somurgeci-politikalari-ronesans-nedir\" data-source-id=\"src-00160\">R\u00f6nesans Nedir?<\/h2><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li data-source-id=\"src-00161\">R\u00f6nesans \u201cyeniden do\u011fu\u015f\u201d ve \u201cdirili\u015f\u201d anlam\u0131na gelir.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00162\">XV ve XVI. y\u00fczy\u0131llarda Bat\u0131 Avrupa\u2019da ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00163\">Antik Yunan ve Roma k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerine dayan\u0131r.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00164\">Bilim, sanat ve felsefe alanlar\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck bir canlanma d\u00f6nemidir.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00165\">Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n Orta \u00c7a\u011f d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinden uzakla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00166\">Ak\u0131l, insan, do\u011fa ve bilim merkezli yeni bir anlay\u0131\u015f geli\u015fmi\u015ftir.<\/li><\/ul><\/section><section class=\"tk-kart\" aria-labelledby=\"tk-avrupalilarin-somurgeci-politikalari-ronesansin-basladigi-yer-ve-yayilmasi\"><h2 id=\"tk-avrupalilarin-somurgeci-politikalari-ronesansin-basladigi-yer-ve-yayilmasi\" data-source-id=\"src-00167\">R\u00f6nesans\u2019\u0131n Ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Yer ve Yay\u0131lmas\u0131<\/h2><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li data-source-id=\"src-00168\">R\u00f6nesans \u0130talya\u2019da ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00169\">Daha sonra Latin-Cermen \u00fclkeleri \u00fczerinden t\u00fcm Avrupa\u2019ya yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00170\">\u0130talya Akdeniz ticaret yollar\u0131 \u00fczerinde bulunuyordu.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00171\">Venedik, Cenova ve Floransa ticaretle zenginle\u015fti.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00172\">Burjuva s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lendi; sanat\u0131 ve bilimi destekleyen zengin aileler vard\u0131.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00173\">Antik Roma miras\u0131 \u0130talya\u2019da g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc hissedildi; kilise ve skolastik d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce sorgulanmaya ba\u015fland\u0131.<\/li><\/ul><\/section><section class=\"tk-kart\" aria-labelledby=\"tk-avrupalilarin-somurgeci-politikalari-ronesansin-ortaya-cikis-unsurlari\"><h2 id=\"tk-avrupalilarin-somurgeci-politikalari-ronesansin-ortaya-cikis-unsurlari\" data-source-id=\"src-00174\">R\u00f6nesans\u2019\u0131n Ortaya \u00c7\u0131k\u0131\u015f Unsurlar\u0131<\/h2><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li data-source-id=\"src-00175\">Katolik Kilisesi\u2019nin siyasi ve toplumsal bask\u0131s\u0131 etkili oldu.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00176\">Kilise \u00f6\u011fretileri sorgulanmaya ba\u015fland\u0131.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00177\">Ha\u00e7l\u0131 Seferleri ile ba\u015flayan siyasi, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve ekonomik d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm etkiliydi.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00178\">Co\u011frafi Ke\u015fifler Avrupa insan\u0131n\u0131n ufkunu geni\u015fletti.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00179\">Co\u011frafi Ke\u015fiflerle elde edilen zenginlik birikimi ve burjuva s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7lenmesi \u00f6nem kazand\u0131.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00180\">Mesen s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131, Medici ailesi ve matbaa R\u00f6nesans\u2019\u0131n geli\u015fmesini destekledi.<\/li><\/ul><\/section><section class=\"tk-kart\" aria-labelledby=\"tk-avrupalilarin-somurgeci-politikalari-humanizm-ve-rasyonalizm\"><h2 id=\"tk-avrupalilarin-somurgeci-politikalari-humanizm-ve-rasyonalizm\" data-source-id=\"src-00181\">H\u00fcmanizm ve Rasyonalizm<\/h2><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li data-source-id=\"src-00182\">H\u00fcmanizm, R\u00f6nesans\u2019\u0131 \u015fekillendiren en \u00f6nemli d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ak\u0131mlar\u0131ndan biridir.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00183\">H\u00fcmanizm hayat\u0131n merkezine insan\u0131 koyan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00184\">\u0130nsan akl\u0131n\u0131, yeteneklerini ve bireysel de\u011ferini \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131r.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00185\">Kat\u0131 din merkezli Orta \u00c7a\u011f d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinin zay\u0131flamas\u0131nda etkili olmu\u015ftur.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00186\">Rasyonalizm do\u011fru bilginin kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ak\u0131l oldu\u011funu savunur.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00187\">R\u00f6nesans D\u00f6nemi\u2019nde ak\u0131lc\u0131 ve bilimsel d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce g\u00fc\u00e7 kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><\/ul><\/section><section class=\"tk-kart\" aria-labelledby=\"tk-avrupalilarin-somurgeci-politikalari-mesen-sinifi-ve-medici-ailesi\"><h2 id=\"tk-avrupalilarin-somurgeci-politikalari-mesen-sinifi-ve-medici-ailesi\" data-source-id=\"src-00188\">Mesen S\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 ve Medici Ailesi<\/h2><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li data-source-id=\"src-00189\">Do\u011fu ile ticaret Venedik, Cenova ve Floransa gibi \u0130talyan \u015fehirlerini zenginle\u015ftirdi.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00190\">Bu zenginlik bilimi ve sanat\u0131 destekleyen mesen s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00191\">Mesen, sanat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 ve bilim insanlar\u0131n\u0131 maddi olarak destekleyen zengin ki\u015fi veya aileler i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00192\">Floransa\u2019daki Medici ailesi R\u00f6nesans\u2019\u0131n geli\u015fmesinde \u00f6nemli rol oynad\u0131.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00193\">Medici ailesi Michelangelo\u2019yu, Leonardo da Vinci\u2019yi ve daha sonra Galileo\u2019yu destekledi.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00194\">Bu destek R\u00f6nesans\u2019\u0131n \u0130talya\u2019da ba\u015flamas\u0131nda ve geli\u015fmesinde kilit rol oynad\u0131.<\/li><\/ul><\/section><section class=\"tk-kart\" aria-labelledby=\"tk-avrupalilarin-somurgeci-politikalari-tuccarlar-sanati-neden-destekledi\"><h2 id=\"tk-avrupalilarin-somurgeci-politikalari-tuccarlar-sanati-neden-destekledi\" data-source-id=\"src-00195\">T\u00fcccarlar Sanat\u0131 Neden Destekledi?<\/h2><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li data-source-id=\"src-00196\">Ticaretin canlanmas\u0131 ve bankerlik faaliyetleri \u0130talyan \u015fehir devletlerinde t\u00fcccarlar\u0131 zenginle\u015ftirdi.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00197\">Zengin t\u00fcccarlar sanat ve bilime yat\u0131r\u0131m yapabilecek g\u00fcce ula\u015ft\u0131.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00198\">Sanat eserleri yapt\u0131rmak zenginli\u011fin ve g\u00fcc\u00fcn g\u00f6stergesi h\u00e2line geldi.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00199\">T\u00fcccarlar saraylar yapt\u0131rd\u0131, heykeller ve tablolar sipari\u015f etti, sanat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 korudu.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00200\">Soylular ve kilise kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda sayg\u0131nl\u0131k kazanmak istediler.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00201\">H\u00fcmanist d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce, estetik zevk ve Antik \u00c7a\u011f eserlerinin yeniden ke\u015ffi sanat ilgisini art\u0131rd\u0131.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00202\">Sanat eserleri aile ad\u0131n\u0131 gelecek ku\u015faklara aktarma arac\u0131 olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc.<\/li><\/ul><\/section><section class=\"tk-kart\" aria-labelledby=\"tk-avrupalilarin-somurgeci-politikalari-ronesans-sanatinin-ozellikleri\"><h2 id=\"tk-avrupalilarin-somurgeci-politikalari-ronesans-sanatinin-ozellikleri\" data-source-id=\"src-00203\">R\u00f6nesans Sanat\u0131n\u0131n \u00d6zellikleri<\/h2><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li data-source-id=\"src-00204\">R\u00f6nesans sanat\u0131 XV. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda \u0130talya\u2019n\u0131n Floransa \u015fehrinde ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00205\">Temel amac\u0131 Eski Roma ve Yunan sanat\u0131n\u0131 yeniden canland\u0131rmakt\u0131.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00206\">\u0130nsan\u00fcst\u00fc dinsellik yerine dinle b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015fen do\u011fa ve idealle\u015ftirilmi\u015f insan anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 benimsendi.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00207\">\u0130nsan ve do\u011fa daha ger\u00e7ek\u00e7i bi\u00e7imde ele al\u0131nd\u0131.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00208\">Portreler, mitolojik hik\u00e2yeler ve g\u00fcnl\u00fck ya\u015fam sahneleri gibi din d\u0131\u015f\u0131 konular \u00f6nem kazand\u0131.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00209\">Saraylar, konutlar ve kent yap\u0131lar\u0131yla sivil mimari geli\u015fti.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00210\">Sanat ve mimaride \u00f6zg\u00fcn d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ve yeni sanat anlay\u0131\u015flar\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/li><\/ul><\/section><section class=\"tk-kart\" aria-labelledby=\"tk-avrupalilarin-somurgeci-politikalari-matbaanin-ronesanstaki-rolu\"><h2 id=\"tk-avrupalilarin-somurgeci-politikalari-matbaanin-ronesanstaki-rolu\" data-source-id=\"src-00211\">Matbaan\u0131n R\u00f6nesans\u2019taki Rol\u00fc<\/h2><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li data-source-id=\"src-00212\">R\u00f6nesans k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn yay\u0131lmas\u0131nda en etkili icatlardan biri matbaad\u0131r.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00213\">1450\u2019de Johannes Gutenberg Mainz \u015fehrinde hareketli harf bask\u0131 sistemini geli\u015ftirdi.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00214\">Matbaa sayesinde kitap bas\u0131m\u0131 h\u0131zland\u0131 ve ucuzlad\u0131. Kitaplar daha geni\u015f kitlelere ula\u015ft\u0131.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00215\">Bilgi, kilisenin ve din adamlar\u0131n\u0131n tekelinden \u00e7\u0131kmaya ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00216\">Okuma yazma din adamlar\u0131n\u0131n ayr\u0131cal\u0131\u011f\u0131 olmaktan \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 ve oran\u0131 artt\u0131.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00217\">H\u00fcmanist d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce, Antik Yunan ve Roma eserleri h\u0131zla \u00e7o\u011falt\u0131ld\u0131.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00218\">\u0130slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131ndan \u00e7evrilen bilimsel ve felsefi metinler yay\u0131ld\u0131.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00219\">Dini metinlerin farkl\u0131 dillerde bas\u0131lmas\u0131 kilise \u00f6\u011fretilerinin sorgulanmas\u0131n\u0131 h\u0131zland\u0131rd\u0131.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00220\">Bilimsel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar, deney sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 ve yeni fikirler farkl\u0131 b\u00f6lgelere ula\u015ft\u0131.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00221\">Bilginin h\u0131zl\u0131 dola\u015f\u0131m\u0131, bilimsel i\u015f birli\u011fi ve ele\u015ftirel tart\u0131\u015fma ortam\u0131 geli\u015fti.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00222\">\u00d6zg\u00fcr d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce g\u00fc\u00e7lendi.<\/li><\/ul><\/section><section class=\"tk-kart\" aria-labelledby=\"tk-avrupalilarin-somurgeci-politikalari-ronesans-ve-siyasi-dusunce\"><h2 id=\"tk-avrupalilarin-somurgeci-politikalari-ronesans-ve-siyasi-dusunce\" data-source-id=\"src-00223\">R\u00f6nesans ve Siyasi D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce<\/h2><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li data-source-id=\"src-00224\">R\u00f6nesans d\u00f6neminde feodal yap\u0131lar zay\u0131flad\u0131.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00225\">Feodal yap\u0131lar\u0131n yerini mutlak monar\u015filer, yani g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc krall\u0131klar almaya ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00226\">T\u00fcccarlar ticari faaliyetlerini g\u00fcvenle s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmek i\u00e7in merkezi y\u00f6netimi g\u00fc\u00e7lendiren krallar\u0131 destekledi.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00227\">Floransal\u0131 Niccolo Machiavelli \u00f6nemli siyaset d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrlerinden biridir.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00228\">Machiavelli \u201cPrens\u201d adl\u0131 eserinde g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131n \u00f6nemini vurgulad\u0131.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00229\">R\u00f6nesans d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi sanat ve bilimin yan\u0131nda siyaset anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131nda da de\u011fi\u015fim meydana getirdi.<\/li><\/ul><\/section><section class=\"tk-kart\" aria-labelledby=\"tk-avrupalilarin-somurgeci-politikalari-ronesansin-avrupaya-etkileri\"><h2 id=\"tk-avrupalilarin-somurgeci-politikalari-ronesansin-avrupaya-etkileri\" data-source-id=\"src-00230\">R\u00f6nesans\u2019\u0131n Avrupa\u2019ya Etkileri<\/h2><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li data-source-id=\"src-00231\">\u0130nsan fakt\u00f6r\u00fc de\u011fer kazand\u0131 ve h\u00fcmanizm \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00232\">Sanat ve mimaride b\u00fcy\u00fck geli\u015fmeler ya\u015fand\u0131.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00233\">\u00d6zg\u00fcn d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ve yeni sanat anlay\u0131\u015flar\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00234\">Skolastik d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce \u00f6nemini kaybetti.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00235\">Ak\u0131lc\u0131l\u0131k ve bilimsel d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce \u00f6nem kazand\u0131.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00236\">Matbaa gibi teknik geli\u015fmeler ya\u015fand\u0131; kilise g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc yitirmeye ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00237\">R\u00f6nesans, Reform ve Ayd\u0131nlanma gibi sonraki d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnsel hareketlere zemin haz\u0131rlad\u0131.<\/li><\/ul><\/section><section class=\"tk-kart\" aria-labelledby=\"tk-avrupalilarin-somurgeci-politikalari-ronesans-ve-somurgeci-politikalar\"><h2 id=\"tk-avrupalilarin-somurgeci-politikalari-ronesans-ve-somurgeci-politikalar\" data-source-id=\"src-00238\">R\u00f6nesans ve S\u00f6m\u00fcrgeci Politikalar<\/h2><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li data-source-id=\"src-00239\">R\u00f6nesans\u2019\u0131n etkisiyle bilimsel ve teknolojik geli\u015fmeler h\u0131zland\u0131.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00240\">Denizcilik bilgisi artt\u0131; takvim, pusula, astronomik g\u00f6zlemler ve mekanik saatlerin kullan\u0131m\u0131 yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00241\">Denizde y\u00f6n bulmak daha g\u00fcvenli h\u00e2le geldi.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00242\">Avrupal\u0131 denizciler a\u00e7\u0131k denizlere daha rahat \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00243\">Uzun ve tehlikeli yolculuklar yap\u0131labildi; teknik geli\u015fmeler ke\u015fifleri h\u0131zland\u0131rd\u0131.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00244\">Yeni ticaret yollar\u0131, ham madde kaynaklar\u0131, ticari \u00fcsler ve koloniler olu\u015fturdu.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00245\">Silah, gemi teknolojisi, matbaa, astronomi ve co\u011frafya bilgileri ke\u015fiflerin s\u00fcreklili\u011fini destekledi.<\/li><\/ul><\/section><section class=\"tk-kart\" aria-labelledby=\"tk-avrupalilarin-somurgeci-politikalari-reform-nedir\"><h2 id=\"tk-avrupalilarin-somurgeci-politikalari-reform-nedir\" data-source-id=\"src-00246\">Reform Nedir?<\/h2><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li data-source-id=\"src-00247\">Reform; d\u00fczenleme, geli\u015ftirme ve \u0131slahat anlam\u0131na gelir.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00248\">XVI. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Katolik Kilisesi\u2019ne kar\u015f\u0131 ba\u015flayan din\u00ee yenile\u015fme hareketidir.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00249\">Reform hareketleri Martin Luther \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00250\">Reform sonucunda Avrupa\u2019da mezhep birli\u011fi bozulmu\u015ftur.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00251\">Yeni mezhepler ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><\/ul><\/section><section class=\"tk-kart\" aria-labelledby=\"tk-avrupalilarin-somurgeci-politikalari-reformun-nedenleri\"><h2 id=\"tk-avrupalilarin-somurgeci-politikalari-reformun-nedenleri\" data-source-id=\"src-00252\">Reform\u2019un Nedenleri<\/h2><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li data-source-id=\"src-00253\">Matbaa bilginin yay\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00254\">R\u00f6nesans ile \u00f6zg\u00fcr ve ele\u015ftirel d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce geli\u015fti.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00255\">Katolik Kilisesi a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 zenginle\u015fti ve kilisede yozla\u015fma artt\u0131.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00256\">Bask\u0131c\u0131 ve yanl\u0131\u015f uygulamalar halk aras\u0131nda tepki toplad\u0131.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00257\">H\u00fcmanizm sayesinde insanlar Kilise\u2019yi sorgulamaya ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00258\">End\u00fcljans uygulamas\u0131na tepki duyuldu.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00259\">\u0130ncil\u2019in farkl\u0131 dillere \u00e7evrilmesi ve din\u00ee metinlerin okunmas\u0131 etkili oldu.<\/li><\/ul><\/section><section class=\"tk-kart\" aria-labelledby=\"tk-avrupalilarin-somurgeci-politikalari-reform-hareketlerinin-baslangici\"><h2 id=\"tk-avrupalilarin-somurgeci-politikalari-reform-hareketlerinin-baslangici\" data-source-id=\"src-00260\">Reform Hareketlerinin Ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131<\/h2><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li data-source-id=\"src-00261\">1517\u2019de Alman ke\u015fi\u015f Martin Luther Wittenberg\u2019deki kilisenin kap\u0131s\u0131na 95 maddelik bildiri ast\u0131.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00262\">Bu olay Reform hareketlerinin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 kabul edilir.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00263\">Luther, Katolik Kilisesi\u2019nin g\u00fcnahlar\u0131 affetme anlam\u0131na gelen end\u00fcljans uygulamas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00264\">Luther\u2019e g\u00f6re ba\u011f\u0131\u015flanma para kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 verilen belgelerle de\u011fil, imanla m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fc.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00265\">Alman prensleri siyasi nedenlerle Martin Luther\u2019i destekledi.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00266\">B\u00f6ylece Reform k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede din\u00ee oldu\u011fu kadar siyasi bir hareket h\u00e2line geldi.<\/li><\/ul><\/section><section class=\"tk-kart\" aria-labelledby=\"tk-avrupalilarin-somurgeci-politikalari-reformun-yayilmasi-ve-sonuclari\"><h2 id=\"tk-avrupalilarin-somurgeci-politikalari-reformun-yayilmasi-ve-sonuclari\" data-source-id=\"src-00267\">Reform\u2019un Yay\u0131lmas\u0131 ve Sonu\u00e7lar\u0131<\/h2><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li data-source-id=\"src-00268\">Reform hareketleri Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n farkl\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerine yay\u0131ld\u0131.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00269\">Almanya\u2019da Lutheryenizm ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00270\">\u0130svi\u00e7re ve Fransa\u2019da Kalvenizm yay\u0131ld\u0131.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00271\">\u0130ngiltere\u2019de Anglikanizm ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00272\">1555 Augsburg Bar\u0131\u015f\u0131 ile Almanya\u2019da Protestanl\u0131k resmen tan\u0131nd\u0131.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00273\">Kiliseye duyulan g\u00fcven azald\u0131; e\u011fitim laikle\u015fmeye ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00274\">Bilimsel ve \u00f6zg\u00fcr d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncenin \u00f6n\u00fcndeki engeller zay\u0131flad\u0131 ve Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n geli\u015fim h\u0131z\u0131 artt\u0131.<\/li><\/ul><\/section><section class=\"tk-kart\" aria-labelledby=\"tk-avrupalilarin-somurgeci-politikalari-reformun-sonuclari-tablosu\"><h2 id=\"tk-avrupalilarin-somurgeci-politikalari-reformun-sonuclari-tablosu\" data-source-id=\"src-00275\">Reform\u2019un Sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 Tablosu<\/h2><div class=\"tk-tablo-kapsayici\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Reform\u2019un Sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 Tablosu tablosu 5\" data-source-table=\"tablo-5\"><table class=\"tk-tablo tk-iki-sutun\"><thead><tr data-source-row=\"tablo-5-satir-1\"><th scope=\"col\" data-source-cell=\"tablo-5-satir-1-hucre-1\"><div class=\"tk-hucre-metin\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-paragraf\" data-source-id=\"src-00276\"><strong>Alan<\/strong><\/p><\/div><\/th><th scope=\"col\" data-source-cell=\"tablo-5-satir-1-hucre-2\"><div class=\"tk-hucre-metin\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-paragraf\" data-source-id=\"src-00277\"><strong>Sonu\u00e7<\/strong><\/p><\/div><\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr data-source-row=\"tablo-5-satir-2\"><td data-label=\"Alan\" data-source-cell=\"tablo-5-satir-2-hucre-1\"><div class=\"tk-hucre-metin\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-paragraf\" data-source-id=\"src-00278\">Din<\/p><\/div><\/td><td data-label=\"Sonu\u00e7\" data-source-cell=\"tablo-5-satir-2-hucre-2\"><div class=\"tk-hucre-metin\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-paragraf\" data-source-id=\"src-00279\">Katolik birli\u011fi bozuldu, yeni mezhepler ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/p><\/div><\/td><\/tr><tr data-source-row=\"tablo-5-satir-3\"><td data-label=\"Alan\" data-source-cell=\"tablo-5-satir-3-hucre-1\"><div class=\"tk-hucre-metin\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-paragraf\" data-source-id=\"src-00280\">Siyaset<\/p><\/div><\/td><td data-label=\"Sonu\u00e7\" data-source-cell=\"tablo-5-satir-3-hucre-2\"><div class=\"tk-hucre-metin\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-paragraf\" data-source-id=\"src-00281\">Prensler ve krallar kiliseye kar\u015f\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7 kazand\u0131.<\/p><\/div><\/td><\/tr><tr data-source-row=\"tablo-5-satir-4\"><td data-label=\"Alan\" data-source-cell=\"tablo-5-satir-4-hucre-1\"><div class=\"tk-hucre-metin\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-paragraf\" data-source-id=\"src-00282\">E\u011fitim<\/p><\/div><\/td><td data-label=\"Sonu\u00e7\" data-source-cell=\"tablo-5-satir-4-hucre-2\"><div class=\"tk-hucre-metin\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-paragraf\" data-source-id=\"src-00283\">E\u011fitim kilisenin denetiminden \u00e7\u0131karak laikle\u015fmeye ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p><\/div><\/td><\/tr><tr data-source-row=\"tablo-5-satir-5\"><td data-label=\"Alan\" data-source-cell=\"tablo-5-satir-5-hucre-1\"><div class=\"tk-hucre-metin\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-paragraf\" data-source-id=\"src-00284\">Bilim<\/p><\/div><\/td><td data-label=\"Sonu\u00e7\" data-source-cell=\"tablo-5-satir-5-hucre-2\"><div class=\"tk-hucre-metin\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-paragraf\" data-source-id=\"src-00285\">\u00d6zg\u00fcr d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncenin \u00f6n\u00fcndeki engeller azald\u0131.<\/p><\/div><\/td><\/tr><tr data-source-row=\"tablo-5-satir-6\"><td data-label=\"Alan\" data-source-cell=\"tablo-5-satir-6-hucre-1\"><div class=\"tk-hucre-metin\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-paragraf\" data-source-id=\"src-00286\">Toplum<\/p><\/div><\/td><td data-label=\"Sonu\u00e7\" data-source-cell=\"tablo-5-satir-6-hucre-2\"><div class=\"tk-hucre-metin\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-paragraf\" data-source-id=\"src-00287\">Kiliseye duyulan g\u00fcven azald\u0131.<\/p><\/div><\/td><\/tr><tr data-source-row=\"tablo-5-satir-7\"><td data-label=\"Alan\" data-source-cell=\"tablo-5-satir-7-hucre-1\"><div class=\"tk-hucre-metin\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-paragraf\" data-source-id=\"src-00288\">Avrupa tarihi<\/p><\/div><\/td><td data-label=\"Sonu\u00e7\" data-source-cell=\"tablo-5-satir-7-hucre-2\"><div class=\"tk-hucre-metin\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-paragraf\" data-source-id=\"src-00289\">Mezhep sava\u015flar\u0131 ve siyasi dengelerde de\u011fi\u015fim ya\u015fand\u0131.<\/p><\/div><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"tk-bilgi-kutusu tk-bilgi-karistirma\" role=\"note\" aria-label=\"Kari\u015ftirma!\" data-source-table=\"tablo-6\"><div data-source-row=\"tablo-6-satir-1\"><div data-source-cell=\"tablo-6-hucre-1\"><div class=\"tk-hucre-metin\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-paragraf\" data-source-id=\"src-00290\"><strong>KARI\u015eTIRMA!  <\/strong>R\u00f6nesans bilim, sanat ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncede yeniden do\u011fu\u015ftur; Reform ise Bat\u0131 Hristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda din\u00ee yenilenme ve par\u00e7alanma s\u00fcrecidir.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tk-bilgi-kutusu tk-bilgi-dikkat\" role=\"note\" aria-label=\"\u00d6sym Di\u0307kkat\" data-source-table=\"tablo-7\"><div data-source-row=\"tablo-7-satir-1\"><div data-source-cell=\"tablo-7-hucre-1\"><div class=\"tk-hucre-metin\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-paragraf\" data-source-id=\"src-00291\"><strong>\u00d6SYM <\/strong><strong>D\u0130KKAT  <\/strong>Reform\u2019un sonucunda Avrupa\u2019da mezhep birli\u011fi bozulmu\u015f, papal\u0131k ve kilisenin siyasi otoritesi zay\u0131flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"tk-kart\" aria-labelledby=\"tk-avrupalilarin-somurgeci-politikalari-otuz-yil-savaslari-ve-westphalia\"><h2 id=\"tk-avrupalilarin-somurgeci-politikalari-otuz-yil-savaslari-ve-westphalia\" data-source-id=\"src-00292\">Otuz Y\u0131l Sava\u015flar\u0131 ve Westphalia<\/h2><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li data-source-id=\"src-00293\">Avrupa\u2019daki mezhep ayr\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 Otuz Y\u0131l Sava\u015flar\u0131\u2019na neden oldu.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00294\">Otuz Y\u0131l Sava\u015flar\u0131 1618-1648 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda ya\u015fand\u0131.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00295\">Sava\u015f, Kutsal Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu ile Protestan Alman prensleri aras\u0131nda ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00296\">Daha sonra t\u00fcm Avrupa\u2019ya yay\u0131ld\u0131.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00297\">Sava\u015flar\u0131 bitiren antla\u015fma Westphalia Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019d\u0131r.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00298\">Westphalia 1648\u2019de imzaland\u0131 ve modern diplomasi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00299\">Devlet egemenli\u011finin Papal\u0131ktan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z oldu\u011fu kabul edildi.<\/li><\/ul><\/section><section class=\"tk-kart\" aria-labelledby=\"tk-avrupalilarin-somurgeci-politikalari-reform-hareketleri-ve-osmanli-devleti\"><h2 id=\"tk-avrupalilarin-somurgeci-politikalari-reform-hareketleri-ve-osmanli-devleti\" data-source-id=\"src-00300\">Reform Hareketleri ve Osmanl\u0131 Devleti<\/h2><ul class=\"tk-liste\"><li data-source-id=\"src-00301\">Reform hareketleri Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nde etkili olamad\u0131.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00302\">Bunun nedeni Osmanl\u0131 topraklar\u0131ndaki Hristiyanlar\u0131n din ve vicdan \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne sahip olmalar\u0131yd\u0131.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00303\">Osmanl\u0131 Devleti Reform hareketleriyle siyasi a\u00e7\u0131dan ilgilendi.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00304\">Kanuni Sultan S\u00fcleyman, Hristiyan birli\u011fini zay\u0131flatmak i\u00e7in Luther\u2019e ve Protestanlara destek verdi.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00305\">Osmanl\u0131 Devleti mezhep ayr\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131ndan yararlanarak bat\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki ilerleyi\u015fini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc.<\/li><li data-source-id=\"src-00306\">Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te Osmanl\u0131 ordusu Viyana \u00f6nlerine kadar ilerledi.<\/li><\/ul><\/section><section class=\"tk-kart\" aria-labelledby=\"tk-avrupalilarin-somurgeci-politikalari-avrupanin-modernlesme-sureci\"><h2 id=\"tk-avrupalilarin-somurgeci-politikalari-avrupanin-modernlesme-sureci\" data-source-id=\"src-00307\">Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n Modernle\u015fme S\u00fcreci<\/h2><div class=\"tk-tablo-kapsayici\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n Modernle\u015fme S\u00fcreci tablosu 8\" data-source-table=\"tablo-8\"><table class=\"tk-tablo tk-cok-sutun\"><thead><tr data-source-row=\"tablo-8-satir-1\"><th scope=\"col\" data-source-cell=\"tablo-8-satir-1-hucre-1\"><div class=\"tk-hucre-metin\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-paragraf\" data-source-id=\"src-00308\"><strong>A\u015fama<\/strong><\/p><\/div><\/th><th scope=\"col\" data-source-cell=\"tablo-8-satir-1-hucre-2\"><div class=\"tk-hucre-metin\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-paragraf\" data-source-id=\"src-00309\"><strong>Temel \u00d6zellik<\/strong><\/p><\/div><\/th><th scope=\"col\" data-source-cell=\"tablo-8-satir-1-hucre-3\"><div class=\"tk-hucre-metin\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-paragraf\" data-source-id=\"src-00310\"><strong>Bir Sonraki S\u00fcrece Etkisi<\/strong><\/p><\/div><\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr data-source-row=\"tablo-8-satir-2\"><td data-label=\"A\u015fama\" data-source-cell=\"tablo-8-satir-2-hucre-1\"><div class=\"tk-hucre-metin\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-paragraf\" data-source-id=\"src-00311\">Co\u011frafi Ke\u015fifler<\/p><\/div><\/td><td data-label=\"Temel \u00d6zellik\" data-source-cell=\"tablo-8-satir-2-hucre-2\"><div class=\"tk-hucre-metin\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-paragraf\" data-source-id=\"src-00312\">Yeni yerler, ticaret yollar\u0131 ve zenginlik kaynaklar\u0131 bulundu.<\/p><\/div><\/td><td data-label=\"Bir Sonraki S\u00fcrece Etkisi\" data-source-cell=\"tablo-8-satir-2-hucre-3\"><div class=\"tk-hucre-metin\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-paragraf\" data-source-id=\"src-00313\">Avrupa zenginle\u015fti, burjuva g\u00fc\u00e7lendi, R\u00f6nesans\u2019a zemin haz\u0131rland\u0131.<\/p><\/div><\/td><\/tr><tr data-source-row=\"tablo-8-satir-3\"><td data-label=\"A\u015fama\" data-source-cell=\"tablo-8-satir-3-hucre-1\"><div class=\"tk-hucre-metin\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-paragraf\" data-source-id=\"src-00314\">R\u00f6nesans<\/p><\/div><\/td><td data-label=\"Temel \u00d6zellik\" data-source-cell=\"tablo-8-satir-3-hucre-2\"><div class=\"tk-hucre-metin\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-paragraf\" data-source-id=\"src-00315\">Bilim, sanat, felsefe ve insan merkezli d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce geli\u015fti.<\/p><\/div><\/td><td data-label=\"Bir Sonraki S\u00fcrece Etkisi\" data-source-cell=\"tablo-8-satir-3-hucre-3\"><div class=\"tk-hucre-metin\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-paragraf\" data-source-id=\"src-00316\">Ele\u015ftirel d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce g\u00fc\u00e7lendi, Reform\u2019a zemin haz\u0131rland\u0131.<\/p><\/div><\/td><\/tr><tr data-source-row=\"tablo-8-satir-4\"><td data-label=\"A\u015fama\" data-source-cell=\"tablo-8-satir-4-hucre-1\"><div class=\"tk-hucre-metin\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-paragraf\" data-source-id=\"src-00317\">Reform<\/p><\/div><\/td><td data-label=\"Temel \u00d6zellik\" data-source-cell=\"tablo-8-satir-4-hucre-2\"><div class=\"tk-hucre-metin\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-paragraf\" data-source-id=\"src-00318\">Kilise otoritesi sorguland\u0131, yeni mezhepler do\u011fdu.<\/p><\/div><\/td><td data-label=\"Bir Sonraki S\u00fcrece Etkisi\" data-source-cell=\"tablo-8-satir-4-hucre-3\"><div class=\"tk-hucre-metin\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-paragraf\" data-source-id=\"src-00319\">Din\u00ee otorite zay\u0131flad\u0131, \u00f6zg\u00fcr d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce geli\u015fti.<\/p><\/div><\/td><\/tr><tr data-source-row=\"tablo-8-satir-5\"><td data-label=\"A\u015fama\" data-source-cell=\"tablo-8-satir-5-hucre-1\"><div class=\"tk-hucre-metin\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-paragraf\" data-source-id=\"src-00320\">Ayd\u0131nlanma<\/p><\/div><\/td><td data-label=\"Temel \u00d6zellik\" data-source-cell=\"tablo-8-satir-5-hucre-2\"><div class=\"tk-hucre-metin\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-paragraf\" data-source-id=\"src-00321\">Ak\u0131l, bilim, \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck ve ilerleme d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi g\u00fc\u00e7lendi.<\/p><\/div><\/td><td data-label=\"Bir Sonraki S\u00fcrece Etkisi\" data-source-cell=\"tablo-8-satir-5-hucre-3\"><div class=\"tk-hucre-metin\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-paragraf\" data-source-id=\"src-00322\">Modern siyasi ve toplumsal fikirler geli\u015fti.<\/p><\/div><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><button class=\"tk-basa-don\" type=\"button\" aria-label=\"Ders notunun ba\u015f\u0131na d\u00f6n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">Ba\u015fa D\u00f6n<\/button><\/article>\n<script>\n(function () {\n  \"use strict\";\n  var notes = document.querySelectorAll(\".tk-ders-notu\");\n  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