{"id":3618,"date":"2026-08-27T15:45:16","date_gmt":"2026-08-27T12:45:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/?p=3618"},"modified":"2026-08-27T15:45:16","modified_gmt":"2026-08-27T12:45:16","slug":"1-4-sanayi-devrimi-sonrasi-meydana-gelen-gelismeler","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/index.php\/2026\/08\/27\/1-4-sanayi-devrimi-sonrasi-meydana-gelen-gelismeler\/","title":{"rendered":"Sanayi Devrimi Sonras\u0131 Meydana Gelen Geli\u015fmeler | 11. S\u0131n\u0131f Tarih &#8211; Maarif Model Tarih Ders Notu"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>S\u0131n\u0131f:<\/strong> 11. S\u0131n\u0131f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Ders:<\/strong> Tarih<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u00dcnite:<\/strong> DE\u011e\u0130\u015eEN D\u00dcNYADA OSMANLI DEVLET\u0130 (1683-1789)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u00d6\u011frenme \u00c7\u0131kt\u0131s\u0131:<\/strong> Sanayi Devrimi Sonras\u0131 Meydana Gelen Geli\u015fmeler<\/p>\n\n\n\n<style>\n.tk-ders-notu,\n.tk-ders-notu * { box-sizing: border-box; }\n.tk-ders-notu {\n  --tk-lacivert: #173b67;\n  --tk-turkuaz: #087f8c;\n  --tk-bordo: #8a2638;\n  --tk-altin: #d9a514;\n  --tk-acik-mavi: #eef7ff;\n  --tk-acik-turkuaz: #e9fbfa;\n  --tk-acik-sari: #fff8dc;\n  --tk-metin: #1f2937;\n  width: 100%;\n  max-width: 1100px;\n  min-width: 0;\n  margin: 0 auto;\n  color: var(--tk-metin);\n  font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\n  font-size: 17px;\n  line-height: 1.72;\n  overflow-wrap: anywhere;\n  word-wrap: break-word;\n  hyphens: auto;\n}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-ilerleme-iz {\n  position: sticky;\n  top: 0;\n  z-index: 20;\n  width: 100%;\n  height: 6px;\n  overflow: hidden;\n  border-radius: 999px;\n  background: #dce8f2;\n}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-ilerleme-cubugu {\n  display: block;\n  width: 0;\n  height: 100%;\n  background: linear-gradient(90deg, var(--tk-turkuaz), var(--tk-altin));\n}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-ust-kart {\n  margin: 12px 0 22px;\n  padding: clamp(20px, 4vw, 38px);\n  border-bottom: 6px solid var(--tk-altin);\n  border-radius: 18px;\n  color: #ffffff;\n  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #173b67, #205684);\n  box-shadow: 0 12px 28px rgba(23, 59, 103, .16);\n}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-kod {\n  margin: 0 0 7px;\n  color: #ffdf75;\n  font-size: .85em;\n  font-weight: 800;\n  letter-spacing: .08em;\n  text-transform: uppercase;\n}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-ana-baslik {\n  margin: 0;\n  color: #ffffff;\n  font-size: clamp(1.55rem, 4vw, 2.35rem);\n  font-weight: 800;\n  line-height: 1.22;\n}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-seo-giris {\n  margin: 18px 0 0;\n  color: #f2f7fb;\n  font-size: 1em;\n}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-eylem-cubugu {\n  display: flex;\n  flex-wrap: wrap;\n  gap: 10px;\n  margin: 0 0 18px;\n}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-dugme {\n  min-height: 44px;\n  padding: 9px 16px;\n  border: 2px solid var(--tk-turkuaz);\n  border-radius: 10px;\n  color: #ffffff;\n  background: var(--tk-turkuaz);\n  font: inherit;\n  font-weight: 700;\n  line-height: 1.25;\n  cursor: pointer;\n}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-dugme:hover { background: #056c76; }\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-dugme:focus-visible,\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-icindekiler a:focus-visible,\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-basa-don:focus-visible {\n  outline: 4px solid var(--tk-altin);\n  outline-offset: 3px;\n}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-icindekiler {\n  width: 100%;\n  min-width: 0;\n  margin: 0 0 24px;\n  padding: 18px 20px;\n  border: 1px solid #b9dfe1;\n  border-left: 6px solid var(--tk-turkuaz);\n  border-radius: 14px;\n  background: var(--tk-acik-turkuaz);\n}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-icindekiler-baslik {\n  margin: 0 0 8px;\n  color: var(--tk-lacivert);\n  font-size: 1.2em;\n  font-weight: 800;\n}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-icindekiler ul {\n  margin: 0;\n  padding-left: 1.25em;\n}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-icindekiler li { margin: 4px 0; }\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-icindekiler .tk-alt-baslik-baglantisi { margin-left: 1em; }\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-icindekiler a {\n  color: #075f69;\n  font-weight: 700;\n  text-decoration-thickness: 2px;\n  text-underline-offset: 3px;\n}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-icindekiler a[aria-current=\"true\"] {\n  color: var(--tk-bordo);\n  background: #fff1f3;\n  border-radius: 5px;\n  box-shadow: 0 0 0 3px #fff1f3;\n}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-kart {\n  width: 100%;\n  min-width: 0;\n  margin: 0 0 22px;\n  padding: clamp(17px, 3vw, 28px);\n  border: 1px solid #dbe6ee;\n  border-radius: 16px;\n  background: #ffffff;\n  box-shadow: 0 8px 22px rgba(23, 59, 103, .08);\n}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-kart-giris { background: var(--tk-acik-mavi); }\n.tk-ders-notu h2,\n.tk-ders-notu h3 {\n  scroll-margin-top: 24px;\n  overflow-wrap: anywhere;\n}\n.tk-ders-notu h2 {\n  margin: 0 0 16px;\n  padding-bottom: 8px;\n  border-bottom: 4px solid var(--tk-altin);\n  color: var(--tk-lacivert);\n  font-size: clamp(1.3rem, 3vw, 1.72rem);\n  font-weight: 800;\n  line-height: 1.3;\n}\n.tk-ders-notu h3 {\n  margin: 24px 0 10px;\n  color: var(--tk-bordo);\n  font-size: clamp(1.1rem, 2.5vw, 1.35rem);\n  font-weight: 800;\n  line-height: 1.35;\n}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-metin,\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-gorsel-aciklamasi { margin: 0 0 13px; }\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-gorsel-aciklamasi {\n  padding: 10px 14px;\n  border-left: 4px solid var(--tk-altin);\n  color: #34495e;\n  background: var(--tk-acik-sari);\n  font-size: .95em;\n  font-style: italic;\n}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-liste {\n  display: grid;\n  gap: 9px;\n  margin: 12px 0 18px;\n  padding: 0;\n  list-style: none;\n}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-liste > li {\n  position: relative;\n  min-width: 0;\n  padding: 10px 12px 10px 42px;\n  border: 1px solid #cfe6e8;\n  border-radius: 10px;\n  background: #f7fcfc;\n  overflow-wrap: anywhere;\n}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-liste > li::before {\n  content: \"\u2713\";\n  position: absolute;\n  left: 12px;\n  top: 10px;\n  width: 22px;\n  height: 22px;\n  border-radius: 50%;\n  color: #ffffff;\n  background: var(--tk-turkuaz);\n  font-size: 13px;\n  font-weight: 900;\n  line-height: 22px;\n  text-align: center;\n}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-alinti {\n  margin: 16px 0;\n  padding: 15px 18px;\n  border-left: 6px solid var(--tk-bordo);\n  border-radius: 10px;\n  color: #5d1b28;\n  background: #fff1f3;\n  font-style: italic;\n}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-bilgi-kutusu {\n  width: 100%;\n  min-width: 0;\n  margin: 16px 0;\n  padding: 15px 17px;\n  border: 1px solid #ead381;\n  border-left: 6px solid var(--tk-altin);\n  border-radius: 12px;\n  background: var(--tk-acik-sari);\n  overflow-wrap: anywhere;\n}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-bilgi-etiket {\n  margin: 0 0 5px;\n  color: var(--tk-bordo);\n  font-weight: 900;\n}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-bilgi-icerik > :last-child { margin-bottom: 0; }\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-tablo-kapsayici {\n  width: 100%;\n  max-width: 100%;\n  min-width: 0;\n  margin: 18px 0;\n  overflow: visible;\n}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-tablosu {\n  width: 100%;\n  max-width: 100%;\n  min-width: 0;\n  border-collapse: collapse;\n  border-spacing: 0;\n  table-layout: fixed;\n}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-tablosu th,\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-tablosu td {\n  min-width: 0;\n  padding: 11px 12px;\n  border: 1px solid #b8c9d6;\n  vertical-align: top;\n  text-align: left;\n  white-space: normal;\n  overflow-wrap: anywhere;\n  word-wrap: break-word;\n  word-break: normal;\n  hyphens: auto;\n}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-tablosu thead th {\n  color: #ffffff;\n  background: var(--tk-lacivert);\n  font-weight: 800;\n}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-tablosu tbody tr:nth-child(even) { background: var(--tk-acik-mavi); }\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-tablosu tbody td:first-child {\n  color: #6f1e2d;\n  font-weight: 700;\n}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-hucre-metin { margin: 0 0 7px; }\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-hucre-metin:last-child { margin-bottom: 0; }\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-basa-don {\n  position: fixed;\n  right: 18px;\n  bottom: 18px;\n  z-index: 30;\n  display: none;\n  min-width: 48px;\n  min-height: 48px;\n  padding: 9px 13px;\n  border: 0;\n  border-radius: 999px;\n  color: #ffffff;\n  background: var(--tk-bordo);\n  font: inherit;\n  font-weight: 800;\n  box-shadow: 0 8px 22px rgba(86, 20, 34, .28);\n  cursor: pointer;\n}\n.tk-ders-notu .tk-basa-don.tk-gorunur { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; }\n@media (max-width: 720px) {\n  .tk-ders-notu { font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.65; }\n  .tk-ders-notu .tk-ust-kart,\n  .tk-ders-notu .tk-kart { border-radius: 12px; }\n  .tk-ders-notu .tk-dugme { flex: 1 1 145px; }\n  .tk-ders-notu .tk-cok-sutun table,\n  .tk-ders-notu .tk-cok-sutun thead,\n  .tk-ders-notu .tk-cok-sutun tbody,\n  .tk-ders-notu .tk-cok-sutun tr,\n  .tk-ders-notu .tk-cok-sutun th,\n  .tk-ders-notu .tk-cok-sutun td { display: block; width: 100%; min-width: 0; }\n  .tk-ders-notu .tk-cok-sutun thead { position: absolute; width: 1px; height: 1px; overflow: hidden; clip: rect(0 0 0 0); white-space: nowrap; }\n  .tk-ders-notu .tk-cok-sutun tbody { display: grid; gap: 14px; }\n  .tk-ders-notu .tk-cok-sutun tbody tr {\n    overflow: hidden;\n    border: 1px solid #b8c9d6;\n    border-radius: 12px;\n    background: #ffffff;\n    box-shadow: 0 5px 14px rgba(23, 59, 103, .08);\n  }\n  .tk-ders-notu .tk-cok-sutun tbody td { border: 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #dce6ed; }\n  .tk-ders-notu .tk-cok-sutun tbody td:last-child { border-bottom: 0; }\n  .tk-ders-notu .tk-cok-sutun tbody td::before {\n    content: attr(data-label);\n    display: block;\n    margin: 0 0 4px;\n    color: var(--tk-lacivert);\n    font-weight: 900;\n  }\n}\n@media (max-width: 375px) {\n  .tk-ders-notu { font-size: 15.5px; }\n  .tk-ders-notu .tk-ust-kart,\n  .tk-ders-notu .tk-kart,\n  .tk-ders-notu .tk-icindekiler { padding: 15px; }\n  .tk-ders-notu .tk-liste > li { padding-left: 38px; }\n  .tk-ders-notu .tk-tablosu th,\n  .tk-ders-notu .tk-tablosu td { padding: 9px 8px; }\n  .tk-ders-notu .tk-basa-don { right: 10px; bottom: 10px; }\n}\n@media print {\n  .tk-ders-notu { max-width: none; color: #000000; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.45; }\n  .tk-ders-notu .tk-ilerleme-iz,\n  .tk-ders-notu .tk-eylem-cubugu,\n  .tk-ders-notu .tk-basa-don { display: none !important; }\n  .tk-ders-notu .tk-ust-kart { color: #000000; background: #ffffff; box-shadow: none; border: 2px solid #173b67; border-bottom: 5px solid #d9a514; }\n  .tk-ders-notu .tk-kod,\n  .tk-ders-notu .tk-ana-baslik,\n  .tk-ders-notu .tk-seo-giris { color: #000000; }\n  .tk-ders-notu .tk-kart { break-inside: avoid-page; box-shadow: none; }\n  .tk-ders-notu .tk-tablosu { break-inside: auto; }\n  .tk-ders-notu .tk-tablosu tr { break-inside: avoid; }\n}\n<\/style>\n<article class=\"tk-ders-notu\" lang=\"tr\" id=\"tk-ders-1-4\">\n<div class=\"tk-ilerleme-iz\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span class=\"tk-ilerleme-cubugu\"><\/span><\/div>\n<header class=\"tk-ust-kart\" aria-labelledby=\"tk-1-4-ana-baslik\">\n<p class=\"tk-kod\">11. S\u0131n\u0131f Tarih \u2022 \u00d6\u011frenme \u00c7\u0131kt\u0131s\u0131 1.4<\/p>\n<p class=\"tk-ana-baslik\" id=\"tk-1-4-ana-baslik\">Sanayi Devrimi Sonras\u0131 Meydana Gelen Geli\u015fmeler<\/p>\n<p class=\"tk-seo-giris\">11. s\u0131n\u0131f tarih dersindeki Sanayi Devrimi Sonras\u0131 Meydana Gelen Geli\u015fmeler \u00f6\u011frenme \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131s\u0131, \u00fcretimdeki d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn ekonomi ve toplum \u00fczerindeki geni\u015f etkilerini anlamaya odaklan\u0131r. Bu tarih ders notu, T\u00fcrkiye Y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131 Maarif Modeli do\u011frultusunda belgenin s\u0131ras\u0131n\u0131 izleyerek Sanayi Devrimi\u2019nin a\u015famalar\u0131n\u0131, \u0130ngiltere\u2019deki ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131, tar\u0131m ve sermaye birikimini, makinele\u015fmeyi ve fabrika sistemini ele al\u0131r. Ula\u015f\u0131m, enerji, kentle\u015fme, i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131, n\u00fcfus hareketleri ve s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilik gibi birbirine ba\u011fl\u0131 geli\u015fmeler ayr\u0131 ba\u015fl\u0131klarla a\u00e7\u0131klanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kavram tablolar\u0131 ve dikkat kutular\u0131, teknik terimleri ve tarihsel s\u00fcre\u00e7leri kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmal\u0131 bi\u00e7imde g\u00f6rmenizi sa\u011flar. Konuyu \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken bulu\u015flar\u0131 yaln\u0131zca adlar\u0131yla de\u011fil, \u00fcretim bi\u00e7iminde ve g\u00fcnl\u00fck ya\u015famda meydana getirdikleri de\u011fi\u015fimlerle birlikte de\u011ferlendirmeniz yararl\u0131 olacakt\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm daha anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r olur.<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"tk-eylem-cubugu\" aria-label=\"Ders notu ara\u00e7lar\u0131\">\n<button class=\"tk-dugme\" type=\"button\" data-tk-action=\"print\" aria-label=\"Ders notunu yazd\u0131r\">Yazd\u0131r<\/button>\n<button class=\"tk-dugme\" type=\"button\" data-tk-action=\"toc\" aria-label=\"\u0130\u00e7indekiler b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne git\">\u0130\u00e7indekilere Git<\/button>\n<\/div>\n<nav class=\"tk-icindekiler\" id=\"tk-1-4-icindekiler\" aria-label=\"Ders notu i\u00e7indekiler\">\n<p class=\"tk-icindekiler-baslik\">\u0130\u00e7indekiler<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#tk-1-4-sanayi-devriminin-asamalari\">Sanayi Devrimi\u2019nin A\u015famalar\u0131<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#tk-1-4-sanayi-4-0-ve-belirsizlik\">Sanayi 4.0 ve Belirsizlik<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#tk-1-4-temel-kavramlar\">Temel Kavramlar<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#tk-1-4-ingilterede-baslangic\">\u0130ngiltere\u2019de Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#tk-1-4-ingiltere-britanya-ve-imparatorluk\">\u0130ngiltere, Britanya ve \u0130mparatorluk<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#tk-1-4-somurgecilik-ve-kuresel-ticaret\">S\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilik ve K\u00fcresel Ticaret<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#tk-1-4-ticaret-ucgeni-ve-sermaye\">Ticaret \u00dc\u00e7geni ve Sermaye<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#tk-1-4-tarim-devrimi-ve-citleme\">Tar\u0131m Devrimi ve \u00c7itleme<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#tk-1-4-kirsal-imalat-ve-erken-sanayilesme\">K\u0131rsal \u0130malat ve Erken Sanayile\u015fme<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#tk-1-4-pamuklu-kumas-ve-yerli-uretim\">Pamuklu Kuma\u015f ve Yerli \u00dcretim<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#tk-1-4-pamuklu-sanayisinin-buyumesi\">Pamuklu Sanayisinin B\u00fcy\u00fcmesi<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#tk-1-4-sermaye-bankacilik-ve-devlet\">Sermaye, Bankac\u0131l\u0131k ve Devlet<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#tk-1-4-icatlar-demir-ve-tekstil\">\u0130catlar: Demir ve Tekstil<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#tk-1-4-iplik-makineleri-ve-buhar-gucu\">\u0130plik Makineleri ve Buhar G\u00fcc\u00fc<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#tk-1-4-icatlar-ve-yenilikler\">\u0130catlar ve Yenilikler<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#tk-1-4-ihracat-altyapi-ve-fabrikalar\">\u0130hracat, Altyap\u0131 ve Fabrikalar<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#tk-1-4-fabrika-sistemi-ve-dokumacilik\">Fabrika Sistemi ve Dokumac\u0131l\u0131k<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#tk-1-4-makinelesme-ve-is-gucu\">Makinele\u015fme ve \u0130\u015f G\u00fcc\u00fc<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#tk-1-4-sanayi-devriminin-yayilmasi\">Sanayi Devrimi\u2019nin Yay\u0131lmas\u0131<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#tk-1-4-demir-sanayisi-ve-kullanim-alanlari\">Demir Sanayisi ve Kullan\u0131m Alanlar\u0131<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#tk-1-4-avrupada-demir-uretimi\">Avrupa\u2019da Demir \u00dcretimi<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#tk-1-4-yollar-kopruler-ve-kanallar\">Yollar, K\u00f6pr\u00fcler ve Kanallar<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#tk-1-4-demiryolu-cagi\">Demiryolu \u00c7a\u011f\u0131<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#tk-1-4-demiryollarinin-yayilmasi\">Demiryollar\u0131n\u0131n Yay\u0131lmas\u0131<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#tk-1-4-deniz-ulasimi-ve-telgraf\">Deniz Ula\u015f\u0131m\u0131 ve Telgraf<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#tk-1-4-nufus-artisi-ve-sehirlesme\">N\u00fcfus Art\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve \u015eehirle\u015fme<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#tk-1-4-toplumsal-siniflar\">Toplumsal S\u0131n\u0131flar<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#tk-1-4-tuketim-toplumu\">T\u00fcketim Toplumu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#tk-1-4-isci-sinifi-ve-kent-sorunlari\">\u0130\u015f\u00e7i S\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 ve Kent Sorunlar\u0131<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#tk-1-4-kamu-hizmetleri-ve-planli-sehircilik\">Kamu Hizmetleri ve Planl\u0131 \u015eehircilik<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#tk-1-4-krizler-ve-toplumsal-tepkiler\">Krizler ve Toplumsal Tepkiler<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#tk-1-4-chartizm-1848-ve-sendikalar\">Chartizm, 1848 ve Sendikalar<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#tk-1-4-calisma-yasalari-ve-egitim\">\u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Yasalar\u0131 ve E\u011fitim<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#tk-1-4-siyasi-ve-ideolojik-sonuclar\">Siyasi ve \u0130deolojik Sonu\u00e7lar<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#tk-1-4-serbest-ticaret-ve-sanayi-burjuvazisi\">Serbest Ticaret ve Sanayi Burjuvazisi<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#tk-1-4-yeni-somurgecilik-rekabeti\">Yeni S\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilik Rekabeti<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#tk-1-4-sanayi-devriminin-etkileri\">Sanayi Devriminin Etkileri<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#tk-1-4-karsilastirma\">Kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rma<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/nav>\n<section class=\"tk-kart\" aria-labelledby=\"tk-1-4-sanayi-devriminin-asamalari\">\n<h2 id=\"tk-1-4-sanayi-devriminin-asamalari\"><strong>Sanayi <\/strong><strong>Devrimi\u2019nin<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>A\u015famalar\u0131<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul class=\"tk-liste\">\n<li>D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm XVIII. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda \u0130ngiltere\u2019de ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/li>\n<li>\u0130ngiltere\u2019deki kapitalist sistem bu s\u00fcrecin temel zeminlerinden biri oldu.<\/li>\n<li>Sanayi Devrimi t\u00fcm co\u011frafyalarda ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmedi.<\/li>\n<li>Bat\u0131 Avrupa ve Kuzey Amerika\u2019da farkl\u0131 ko\u015fullarla ikinci evre geli\u015fti.<\/li>\n<li>\u00c7in gibi b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00fclkelerin kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131yla s\u00fcre\u00e7 \u00e7e\u015fitlenerek \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc a\u015famaya ula\u015ft\u0131.<\/li>\n<li>G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde s\u00fcre\u00e7 d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc evrede, yeni geli\u015fmelerle devam etmektedir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<aside class=\"tk-bilgi-kutusu\" role=\"note\" aria-label=\"Sanayi Devrimi\u2019nin A\u015famalar\u0131 - tablo 1\">\n<div class=\"tk-bilgi-icerik\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metin\"><strong>Hap Bilgi<\/strong><br> Sanayi Devrimi, modern tarihin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 kabul edilir.<\/p><\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<aside class=\"tk-bilgi-kutusu\" role=\"note\" aria-label=\"Sanayi Devrimi\u2019nin A\u015famalar\u0131 - tablo 2\">\n<div class=\"tk-bilgi-icerik\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metin\"><strong>SINAV NOTU<\/strong><br> Sanayi Devrimi XVIII. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda \u0130ngiltere\u2019de ba\u015flad\u0131; s\u00fcre\u00e7 farkl\u0131 ko\u015fullarla ikinci, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ve d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc evrelere ula\u015ft\u0131.<\/p><\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"tk-kart\" aria-labelledby=\"tk-1-4-sanayi-4-0-ve-belirsizlik\">\n<h2 id=\"tk-1-4-sanayi-4-0-ve-belirsizlik\"><strong>Sanayi 4.0 ve Belirsizlik<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul class=\"tk-liste\">\n<li>XVIII. y\u00fczy\u0131lda makineler \u00f6zellikle dokuma ve tekstilde zanaatk\u00e2rlar\u0131n i\u015fini etkiledi.<\/li>\n<li>Makineler, ustal\u0131k gerektiren i\u015fleri daha h\u0131zl\u0131 ve ucuz yapabildi.<\/li>\n<li>Bu durum makinelerin insan eme\u011finin yerini ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesini g\u00fc\u00e7lendirdi.<\/li>\n<li>G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde robot, otomasyon ve yapay zek\u00e2 benzer kayg\u0131lar\u0131 yeniden g\u00fcndeme getirdi.<\/li>\n<li>Sanayi 4.0\u2019da \u00fcretim s\u00fcre\u00e7leri siber-fiziksel sistemlerle dijitalle\u015fti.<\/li>\n<li>Teknolojik ilerleme \u00fcretimi kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131rken baz\u0131 i\u015f kollar\u0131nda belirsizlik yarat\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<aside class=\"tk-bilgi-kutusu\" role=\"note\" aria-label=\"Sanayi 4.0 ve Belirsizlik - tablo 3\">\n<div class=\"tk-bilgi-icerik\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metin\"><strong>S\u0131navda \u00c7\u0131kar<\/strong><br> Sanayi 4.0: esnek, ak\u0131ll\u0131 ve \u00f6zerk \u00fcretim s\u00fcre\u00e7leri.<\/p><\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"tk-kart\" aria-labelledby=\"tk-1-4-temel-kavramlar\">\n<h2 id=\"tk-1-4-temel-kavramlar\"><strong>Temel Kavramlar<\/strong><\/h2>\n<div class=\"tk-tablo-kapsayici\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Temel Kavramlar - tablo 4\">\n<table class=\"tk-tablosu\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"col\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metin\"><strong>Kavram<\/strong><\/p><\/th>\n<th scope=\"col\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metin\"><strong>K\u0131sa Tan\u0131m<\/strong><\/p><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"Kavram\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metin\">R\u00f6nesans<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"K\u0131sa Tan\u0131m\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metin\">XIV-XVII. y\u00fczy\u0131llarda Avrupa\u2019da bilim, sanat ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncenin Antik Yunan ve Roma kaynaklar\u0131na g\u00f6re yeniden \u015fekillenmesi.<\/p><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"Kavram\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metin\">Reform<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"K\u0131sa Tan\u0131m\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metin\">XVI. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Katolik Kilisesine tepki olarak ba\u015flayan ve Hristiyanlar\u0131n b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesine yol a\u00e7an din\u00ee hareket.<\/p><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"Kavram\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metin\">Westphalia<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"K\u0131sa Tan\u0131m\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metin\">1648\u2019de Otuz Y\u0131l Sava\u015flar\u0131\u2019n\u0131 sona erdiren ve modern devlet anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n temellerini atan bar\u0131\u015f antla\u015fmas\u0131.<\/p><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"Kavram\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metin\">S\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilik<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"K\u0131sa Tan\u0131m\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metin\">XVI-XVII. y\u00fczy\u0131llarda Avrupa devletlerinin deniza\u015f\u0131r\u0131 topraklar\u0131 i\u015fgal edip kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irerek kurdu\u011fu d\u00fczen.<\/p><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"Kavram\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metin\">H\u00fcmanizm<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"K\u0131sa Tan\u0131m\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metin\">\u0130nsan\u0131, bireyi ve akl\u0131 merkeze alan; \u00f6zg\u00fcr d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce, e\u011fitim ve sanat\u0131 y\u00fccelten d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ak\u0131m\u0131.<\/p><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"tk-bilgi-kutusu\" role=\"note\" aria-label=\"Temel Kavramlar - tablo 5\">\n<div class=\"tk-bilgi-icerik\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metin\"><strong>KARI\u015eTIRMA!<\/strong><br> R\u00f6nesans bilim, sanat ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncede yeniden \u015fekillenmedir; Reform Katolik Kilisesine tepkiyle ba\u015flayan din\u00ee harekettir.<\/p><\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<div class=\"tk-tablo-kapsayici\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Temel Kavramlar - tablo 6\">\n<table class=\"tk-tablosu\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"col\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metin\"><strong>Kavram<\/strong><\/p><\/th>\n<th scope=\"col\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metin\"><strong>K\u0131sa Tan\u0131m<\/strong><\/p><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"Kavram\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metin\">Kapitalizm<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"K\u0131sa Tan\u0131m\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metin\">\u00dcretim faaliyetlerinin \u00f6zel te\u015febb\u00fcs taraf\u0131ndan k\u00e2r amac\u0131yla yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ekonomik sistem.<\/p><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"Kavram\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metin\">Liberalizm<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"K\u0131sa Tan\u0131m\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metin\">Devlet m\u00fcdahalesinin s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131, serbest piyasay\u0131 ve bireysel \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckleri savunan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce sistemi.<\/p><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"Kavram\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metin\">Burjuvazi<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"K\u0131sa Tan\u0131m\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metin\">Ticaret ve sanayi sayesinde zenginle\u015ferek \u00fcretim ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kontrol etmeye ba\u015flayan kentli s\u0131n\u0131f.<\/p><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"Kavram\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metin\">Aristokrasi<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"K\u0131sa Tan\u0131m\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metin\">Toprak sahibi, ayr\u0131cal\u0131kl\u0131 soylu s\u0131n\u0131f.<\/p><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"Kavram\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metin\">\u0130\u015f\u00e7i<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"K\u0131sa Tan\u0131m\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metin\">\u00dcretim ara\u00e7lar\u0131na sahip olmayan, eme\u011fini \u00fccret kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda satan ki\u015fi.<\/p><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"tk-bilgi-kutusu\" role=\"note\" aria-label=\"Temel Kavramlar - tablo 7\">\n<div class=\"tk-bilgi-icerik\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metin\"><strong>KARI\u015eTIRMA!<\/strong><br> Kapitalizm k\u00e2r ama\u00e7l\u0131 \u00f6zel te\u015febb\u00fcse dayal\u0131 ekonomik sistemdir; liberalizm devlet m\u00fcdahalesinin s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 ve bireysel \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckleri savunur.<\/p><\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<div class=\"tk-tablo-kapsayici\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Temel Kavramlar - tablo 8\">\n<table class=\"tk-tablosu\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"col\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metin\"><strong>Kavram<\/strong><\/p><\/th>\n<th scope=\"col\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metin\"><strong>K\u0131sa Tan\u0131m<\/strong><\/p><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"Kavram\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metin\">Ham madde<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"K\u0131sa Tan\u0131m\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metin\">\u00dcretimde kullan\u0131lan i\u015flenmemi\u015f do\u011fal kaynak veya madde.<\/p><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"Kavram\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metin\">Sermaye<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"K\u0131sa Tan\u0131m\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metin\">\u00dcretimi ba\u015flatmak veya geni\u015fletmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan para ya da kaynak.<\/p><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"Kavram\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metin\">Pazar<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"K\u0131sa Tan\u0131m\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metin\">Mal ve hizmetlerin al\u0131n\u0131p sat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 yer.<\/p><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"Kavram\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metin\">Fabrika<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"K\u0131sa Tan\u0131m\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metin\">Ham ya da yar\u0131 i\u015flenmi\u015f maddelerin makine ve ara\u00e7larla t\u00fcketime haz\u0131r duruma getirildi\u011fi sanayi kurulu\u015fu.<\/p><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"Kavram\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metin\">Buhar g\u00fcc\u00fc<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"K\u0131sa Tan\u0131m\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metin\">Y\u00fcksek \u0131s\u0131 sonucunda olu\u015fan bas\u0131n\u00e7la makineleri \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131ran enerji t\u00fcr\u00fc.<\/p><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"tk-kart\" aria-labelledby=\"tk-1-4-ingilterede-baslangic\">\n<h2 id=\"tk-1-4-ingilterede-baslangic\"><strong>\u0130ngiltere\u2019de Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul class=\"tk-liste\">\n<li>Sanayi Devrimi\u2019nin 1770\u2019lerde \u00f6zellikle \u0130ngiltere\u2019de ba\u015flamas\u0131 rastlant\u0131 de\u011fildi.<\/li>\n<li>1770-1880 y\u0131llar\u0131n\u0131 kapsayan ilk evre, yap\u0131sal ko\u015fullar\u0131n sonucuydu.<\/li>\n<li>\u0130ngiliz Devrimi ilk oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in sonraki sanayi devrimlerinden farkl\u0131yd\u0131.<\/li>\n<li>Sonraki devrimler \u0130ngiliz deneyiminden ve kaynaklar\u0131ndan yararlanabildi.<\/li>\n<li>Britanya, en az iki y\u00fcz y\u0131ll\u0131k iktisadi geli\u015fmenin haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 temeller \u00fczerinde sanayile\u015fti.<\/li>\n<li>1880\u2019e gelindi\u011finde \u0130ngiltere rekabet \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc kaybetmeye ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<aside class=\"tk-bilgi-kutusu\" role=\"note\" aria-label=\"\u0130ngiltere\u2019de Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 - tablo 9\">\n<div class=\"tk-bilgi-icerik\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metin\"><strong>\u00d6nemli Not<\/strong><br> \u0130ngiltere haz\u0131r bir ekonomik zemin \u00fczerinde sanayile\u015fmeye girdi.<\/p><\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"tk-kart\" aria-labelledby=\"tk-1-4-ingiltere-britanya-ve-imparatorluk\">\n<h2 id=\"tk-1-4-ingiltere-britanya-ve-imparatorluk\"><strong>\u0130ngiltere, Britanya ve \u0130mparatorluk<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul class=\"tk-liste\">\n<li>\u0130ngiltere, Britanya Adas\u0131\u2019nda yer alan tek bir \u00fclkedir.<\/li>\n<li>B\u00fcy\u00fck Britanya; \u0130ngiltere, \u0130sko\u00e7ya ve Galler\u2019i kapsayan adan\u0131n ad\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k; B\u00fcy\u00fck Britanya\u2019ya Kuzey \u0130rlanda\u2019n\u0131n eklenmesiyle olu\u015fan idari yap\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>Britanya \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu, \u00e7ok say\u0131da s\u00f6m\u00fcrgeye h\u00fckmetmi\u015f yay\u0131lmac\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7t\u00fcr.<\/li>\n<li>Sanayi Devrimi anlat\u0131l\u0131rken bu adland\u0131rmalar\u0131n ayr\u0131m\u0131 \u00f6nemlidir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<aside class=\"tk-bilgi-kutusu\" role=\"note\" aria-label=\"\u0130ngiltere, Britanya ve \u0130mparatorluk - tablo 10\">\n<div class=\"tk-bilgi-icerik\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metin\"><strong>KARI\u015eTIRMA!<\/strong><br> \u0130ngiltere bir \u00fclkedir; B\u00fcy\u00fck Britanya \u0130ngiltere, \u0130sko\u00e7ya ve Galler\u2019i kapsar; Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k bunlara Kuzey \u0130rlanda\u2019n\u0131n eklenmesiyle olu\u015fur.<\/p><\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"tk-kart\" aria-labelledby=\"tk-1-4-somurgecilik-ve-kuresel-ticaret\">\n<h2 id=\"tk-1-4-somurgecilik-ve-kuresel-ticaret\"><strong>S\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilik ve K\u00fcresel Ticaret<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul class=\"tk-liste\">\n<li>\u0130ngiliz h\u00fck\u00fbmetinin yay\u0131lmac\u0131 politikalar\u0131 Sanayi Devrimi\u2019nin zeminini haz\u0131rlad\u0131.<\/li>\n<li>Ke\u015fifler ve s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilik yoluyla Avrupa\u2019ya alt\u0131n, g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f ve de\u011ferli maden akt\u0131.<\/li>\n<li>Fiyat devrimi ve XVII. y\u00fczy\u0131ldaki ekonomik buhran sonras\u0131nda ticaret a\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6n de\u011fi\u015ftirdi.<\/li>\n<li>Akdeniz\u2019in yerini Kuzey Denizi ve Atlantik k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131 \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131.<\/li>\n<li>Yeni ticari ili\u015fkiler piyasalar\u0131 hareketlendirdi ve k\u00fcresel ticareti geli\u015ftirdi.<\/li>\n<li>S\u00f6m\u00fcrge topraklar\u0131nda plantasyonlar kuruldu ve pamuk \u00fcretimi \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"tk-kart\" aria-labelledby=\"tk-1-4-ticaret-ucgeni-ve-sermaye\">\n<h2 id=\"tk-1-4-ticaret-ucgeni-ve-sermaye\"><strong>Ticaret \u00dc\u00e7geni ve Sermaye<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul class=\"tk-liste\">\n<li>\u0130ngiltere, Fransa ve Hollanda\u2019n\u0131n da yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilik yar\u0131\u015f\u0131nda g\u00fc\u00e7 kazand\u0131.<\/li>\n<li>Ucuz i\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fc ve ham madde, \u0130ngilizlere uluslararas\u0131 ticarette \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck sa\u011flad\u0131.<\/li>\n<li>Afrikal\u0131 k\u00f6leler Britanya mamul \u00fcr\u00fcnleriyle sat\u0131n al\u0131nd\u0131.<\/li>\n<li>Plantasyonlarda \u015feker, pamuk, indigo, melas ve tropik \u00fcr\u00fcnler \u00fcretildi.<\/li>\n<li>Bu \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin i\u015flenmesi \u0130ngiltere\u2019de yeni end\u00fcstriler olu\u015fturdu.<\/li>\n<li>S\u00f6m\u00fcrge ticareti, Sanayi Devrimi\u2019ni finanse eden sermaye birikiminin kaynaklar\u0131ndan biri oldu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<aside class=\"tk-bilgi-kutusu\" role=\"note\" aria-label=\"Ticaret \u00dc\u00e7geni ve Sermaye - tablo 11\">\n<div class=\"tk-bilgi-icerik\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metin\"><strong>S\u0131navda \u00c7\u0131kar<\/strong><br> Ucuz ham madde + geni\u015f pazar + sermaye birikimi.<\/p><\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"tk-kart\" aria-labelledby=\"tk-1-4-tarim-devrimi-ve-citleme\">\n<h2 id=\"tk-1-4-tarim-devrimi-ve-citleme\"><strong>Tar\u0131m<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>Devrimi<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>ve<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u00c7itleme<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul class=\"tk-liste\">\n<li>\u0130ngiltere\u2019de kendi topra\u011f\u0131n\u0131 i\u015fleyen k\u00f6yl\u00fclerin say\u0131s\u0131 giderek azald\u0131.<\/li>\n<li>\u00c7itleme Yasalar\u0131 ile ortak araziler \u00f6zel m\u00fclkiyete devredildi.<\/li>\n<li>K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck parseller b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7iftliklere d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc ve b\u00fcy\u00fck toprak sahiplerinde topland\u0131.<\/li>\n<li>K\u00f6yl\u00fcler ge\u00e7imini topra\u011f\u0131ndan sa\u011flayan s\u0131n\u0131f olmaktan \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p eme\u011fini kiralayan i\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fcne d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.<\/li>\n<li>Tar\u0131m arazileri y\u00fcz y\u0131l i\u00e7inde %30 artt\u0131; bu\u011fday \u00fcretimi 1700-1800 aras\u0131nda %75 y\u00fckseldi.<\/li>\n<li>Tar\u0131m ticari ve s\u0131n\u0131fsal yap\u0131lar\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftiren bir s\u00fcrece evrildi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<aside class=\"tk-bilgi-kutusu\" role=\"note\" aria-label=\"Tar\u0131m Devrimi ve \u00c7itleme - tablo 12\">\n<div class=\"tk-bilgi-icerik\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metin\"><strong>\u00d6SYM D\u0130KKAT<\/strong><br> \u00c7itleme Yasalar\u0131 ortak arazileri \u00f6zel m\u00fclkiyete devretti; k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck parseller b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7iftliklerde topland\u0131 ve k\u00f6yl\u00fcler \u00fccretli i\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fcne d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.<\/p><\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<aside class=\"tk-bilgi-kutusu\" role=\"note\" aria-label=\"Tar\u0131m Devrimi ve \u00c7itleme - tablo 13\">\n<div class=\"tk-bilgi-icerik\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metin\"><strong>SINAV NOTU<\/strong><br> Sanayi Devrimi\u2019nin ekonomik zemini: ucuz i\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fc ve ham madde, geni\u015f pazar ve s\u00f6m\u00fcrge ticaretinden do\u011fan sermaye birikimi.<\/p><\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"tk-kart\" aria-labelledby=\"tk-1-4-kirsal-imalat-ve-erken-sanayilesme\">\n<h2 id=\"tk-1-4-kirsal-imalat-ve-erken-sanayilesme\"><strong>K\u0131rsal \u0130malat ve Erken Sanayile\u015fme<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul class=\"tk-liste\">\n<li>XVIII. y\u00fczy\u0131l ortalar\u0131nda \u0130ngiltere\u2019de sanayi \u00fcretiminin b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc k\u0131rsalda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fiyordu.<\/li>\n<li>K\u00f6yl\u00fcler kul\u00fcbelerde kuma\u015f, tekstil \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc ve maden\u00ee e\u015fya \u00fcretip satmaya ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/li>\n<li>Mevsimlik veya bo\u015f zaman i\u015fi olan \u00fcretim tam zamanl\u0131 u\u011fra\u015fa d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.<\/li>\n<li>Baz\u0131 k\u00f6yler dokumac\u0131l\u0131k, \u00f6rg\u00fcc\u00fcl\u00fck ve madencilik gibi faaliyetlere y\u00f6neldi.<\/li>\n<li>Evde \u00fcretim ve ta\u015feron sistemi k\u0131rsal kesimleri para ekonomisine daha fazla d\u00e2hil etti.<\/li>\n<li>Pamuklu kuma\u015f talebi, zanaatk\u00e2r giri\u015fimcileri makine icat etmeye y\u00f6neltti.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"tk-kart\" aria-labelledby=\"tk-1-4-pamuklu-kumas-ve-yerli-uretim\">\n<h2 id=\"tk-1-4-pamuklu-kumas-ve-yerli-uretim\"><strong>Pamuklu Kuma\u015f ve Yerli \u00dcretim<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul class=\"tk-liste\">\n<li>XVIII. y\u00fczy\u0131l ba\u015f\u0131nda Avrupal\u0131lar\u0131n bildi\u011fi pamuklu kuma\u015f \u00fcretimi Hindistan\u2019da yap\u0131l\u0131yordu.<\/li>\n<li>Bu \u00fcr\u00fcnler Do\u011fu Hindistan \u015eirketi gibi kurumlarla Avrupa\u2019ya getiriliyordu.<\/li>\n<li>\u0130ngiltere\u2019de y\u00fcnl\u00fc kuma\u015f \u00fcreticilerinin bask\u0131s\u0131yla 1700\u2019de Hint pamuklu kuma\u015f\u0131 ithali yasakland\u0131.<\/li>\n<li>Yasak, \u0130ngiltere\u2019de yerli \u00fcretimin \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc a\u00e7t\u0131.<\/li>\n<li>K\u0131rsala yay\u0131lan imalathanelerde \u00fcretim artt\u0131 ancak i\u00e7 pazar talebi kar\u015f\u0131lanamad\u0131.<\/li>\n<li>K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00fcreticiler Bristol, Glasgow ve Liverpool gibi liman kentlerinde yeni imalathaneler a\u00e7t\u0131.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"tk-kart\" aria-labelledby=\"tk-1-4-pamuklu-sanayisinin-buyumesi\">\n<h2 id=\"tk-1-4-pamuklu-sanayisinin-buyumesi\"><strong>Pamuklu Sanayisinin B\u00fcy\u00fcmesi<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul class=\"tk-liste\">\n<li>K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00fcreticilerin liman kentlerine y\u00f6nelmesi Sanayi Devrimi\u2019nin itici g\u00fcc\u00fc oldu.<\/li>\n<li>1770\u2019e kadar \u0130ngiltere\u2019nin pamuklu kuma\u015f ihracat\u0131n\u0131n %90\u2019\u0131 s\u00f6m\u00fcrgelere y\u00f6neldi.<\/li>\n<li>Bu ihracat \u00f6zellikle Afrika\u2019ya yap\u0131ld\u0131.<\/li>\n<li>1750-1770 aras\u0131nda pamuklu kuma\u015f ihracat\u0131 on kat artt\u0131.<\/li>\n<li>Pamuklu kuma\u015f sanayisinin b\u00fcy\u00fcmesi, el eme\u011fine dayal\u0131 Hint dokumac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 zay\u0131flatt\u0131.<\/li>\n<li>Hindistan, \u0130ngiltere i\u00e7in ham madde kayna\u011f\u0131 ve pazar h\u00e2line geldi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<aside class=\"tk-bilgi-kutusu\" role=\"note\" aria-label=\"Pamuklu Sanayisinin B\u00fcy\u00fcmesi - tablo 14\">\n<div class=\"tk-bilgi-icerik\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metin\"><strong>S\u0131navda \u00c7\u0131kar<\/strong><br> Pamuklu dokuma, Sanayi Devrimi\u2019nin \u00f6nc\u00fc sekt\u00f6r\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p><\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<aside class=\"tk-bilgi-kutusu\" role=\"note\" aria-label=\"Pamuklu Sanayisinin B\u00fcy\u00fcmesi - tablo 15\">\n<div class=\"tk-bilgi-icerik\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metin\"><strong>NEDEN \u00d6NEML\u0130?<\/strong><br> Pamuklu dokuma Sanayi Devrimi\u2019nin \u00f6nc\u00fc sekt\u00f6r\u00fc oldu; Hindistan \u0130ngiltere i\u00e7in ham madde kayna\u011f\u0131 ve pazar h\u00e2line geldi.<\/p><\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"tk-kart\" aria-labelledby=\"tk-1-4-sermaye-bankacilik-ve-devlet\">\n<h2 id=\"tk-1-4-sermaye-bankacilik-ve-devlet\"><strong>Sermaye<\/strong><strong>, <\/strong><strong>Bankac\u0131l\u0131k<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>ve<\/strong><strong> Devlet<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul class=\"tk-liste\">\n<li>\u0130ngiltere, s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilik ve geni\u015fleyen ticaret a\u011flar\u0131yla b\u00fcy\u00fck sermaye birikimi elde etti.<\/li>\n<li>Bu birikim, bankac\u0131l\u0131k sisteminin temelini olu\u015fturdu.<\/li>\n<li>Bankalar fabrika kuran ve makine sat\u0131n alan yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131 destekledi.<\/li>\n<li>\u0130ngiliz h\u00fck\u00fbmeti ticareti ve sanayile\u015fmeyi destekleyen bir anlay\u0131\u015f benimsedi.<\/li>\n<li>Yerli imalat\u00e7\u0131lar ile ithalat\u00e7\u0131 kurulu\u015flar\u0131n \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 \u00e7at\u0131\u015f\u0131nca devlet yerli \u00fcreticileri destekledi.<\/li>\n<li>Hukukun \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, \u00f6zel m\u00fclkiyet ve te\u015febb\u00fcslerin te\u015fviki giri\u015fimcili\u011fi geli\u015ftirdi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"tk-kart\" aria-labelledby=\"tk-1-4-icatlar-demir-ve-tekstil\">\n<h2 id=\"tk-1-4-icatlar-demir-ve-tekstil\"><strong>\u0130catlar: Demir ve Tekstil<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul class=\"tk-liste\">\n<li>XVIII. y\u00fczy\u0131la kadar demir odun k\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcyle eritiliyordu.<\/li>\n<li>Odun kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fckenmesi bu y\u00f6ntemi s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclemez k\u0131ld\u0131.<\/li>\n<li>1709\u2019da Abraham Darby kok adl\u0131 daha etkili yak\u0131t\u0131 \u00fcretti.<\/li>\n<li>Kok k\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc ham demir elde etmeyi ve demir-k\u00f6m\u00fcr sanayilerinin birlikte geli\u015fmesini sa\u011flad\u0131.<\/li>\n<li>1733\u2019te John Kay u\u00e7an meki\u011fi icat etti; 1760\u2019larda yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131.<\/li>\n<li>U\u00e7an mekik el tezg\u00e2hlar\u0131n\u0131 h\u0131zland\u0131rd\u0131 ve iplik talebini art\u0131rd\u0131.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<aside class=\"tk-bilgi-kutusu\" role=\"note\" aria-label=\"\u0130catlar: Demir ve Tekstil - tablo 16\">\n<div class=\"tk-bilgi-icerik\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metin\"><strong>\u00d6SYM D\u0130KKAT<\/strong><br> U\u00e7an mekik dokumay\u0131 h\u0131zland\u0131rd\u0131 ve iplik talebini art\u0131rd\u0131; bu ihtiya\u00e7 iplik makinelerinin geli\u015ftirilmesini te\u015fvik etti.<\/p><\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"tk-kart\" aria-labelledby=\"tk-1-4-iplik-makineleri-ve-buhar-gucu\">\n<h2 id=\"tk-1-4-iplik-makineleri-ve-buhar-gucu\"><strong>\u0130plik Makineleri ve Buhar G\u00fcc\u00fc<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul class=\"tk-liste\">\n<li>1765\u2019te James Hargreaves Spinning Jenny adl\u0131 iplik e\u011firme tezg\u00e2h\u0131n\u0131 icat etti.<\/li>\n<li>1768\u2019de Richard Arkwright su \u00e7er\u00e7evesi makinesini geli\u015ftirdi.<\/li>\n<li>1779\u2019da Samuel Crompton spinning mule adl\u0131 iplik e\u011firme makinesini icat etti.<\/li>\n<li>Bu ara\u00e7 bir g\u00fc\u00e7 kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131n birden fazla makineyi d\u00f6nd\u00fcrmesini sa\u011flad\u0131.<\/li>\n<li>1712\u2019de Thomas Newcomen, madenlerdeki suyu pompalamak i\u00e7in buhar makinesi yapt\u0131.<\/li>\n<li>1769\u2019da James Watt buhar makinesini geli\u015ftirdi; 1775\u2019te seri \u00fcretime ge\u00e7ildi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<aside class=\"tk-bilgi-kutusu\" role=\"note\" aria-label=\"\u0130plik Makineleri ve Buhar G\u00fcc\u00fc - tablo 17\">\n<div class=\"tk-bilgi-icerik\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metin\"><strong>KARI\u015eTIRMA!<\/strong><br> Newcomen buhar makinesini maden suyunu pompalamak i\u00e7in yapt\u0131; Watt makineyi geli\u015ftirdi ve 1775\u2019te seri \u00fcretime ge\u00e7ildi.<\/p><\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"tk-kart\" aria-labelledby=\"tk-1-4-icatlar-ve-yenilikler\">\n<h2 id=\"tk-1-4-icatlar-ve-yenilikler\"><strong>\u0130catlar<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>ve<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>Yenilikler<\/strong><\/h2>\n<div class=\"tk-tablo-kapsayici\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"\u0130catlar ve Yenilikler - tablo 18\">\n<table class=\"tk-tablosu\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"col\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metin\"><strong>Y\u0131l<\/strong><\/p><\/th>\n<th scope=\"col\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metin\"><strong>Geli\u015fme<\/strong><\/p><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"Y\u0131l\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metin\">1709<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Geli\u015fme\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metin\">Darby kok k\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcyle demir verimini art\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"Y\u0131l\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metin\">1712<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Geli\u015fme\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metin\">Newcomen maden suyu i\u00e7in buhar makinesi yapt\u0131.<\/p><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"Y\u0131l\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metin\">1733<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Geli\u015fme\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metin\">John Kay u\u00e7an meki\u011fi icat etti.<\/p><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"Y\u0131l\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metin\">1765<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Geli\u015fme\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metin\">Hargreaves iplik e\u011firme makinesini geli\u015ftirdi.<\/p><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"Y\u0131l\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metin\">1768<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Geli\u015fme\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metin\">Arkwright su \u00e7er\u00e7evesini yapt\u0131.<\/p><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"Y\u0131l\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metin\">1769<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Geli\u015fme\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metin\">Watt buhar makinesini geli\u015ftirdi.<\/p><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"Y\u0131l\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metin\">1779<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Geli\u015fme\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metin\">Otomatik dokuma makineli fabrikalar ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tk-tablo-kapsayici\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"\u0130catlar ve Yenilikler - tablo 19\">\n<table class=\"tk-tablosu\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"col\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metin\"><strong>Y\u0131l<\/strong><\/p><\/th>\n<th scope=\"col\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metin\"><strong>Geli\u015fme<\/strong><\/p><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"Y\u0131l\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metin\">1792<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Geli\u015fme\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metin\">Murdoch ev ayd\u0131nlatmada k\u00f6m\u00fcr gaz\u0131 kulland\u0131.<\/p><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"Y\u0131l\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metin\">1793<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Geli\u015fme\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metin\">Whitney \u00e7\u0131r\u00e7\u0131r makinesini icat etti.<\/p><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"Y\u0131l\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metin\">1804<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Geli\u015fme\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metin\">Trevithick ilk buharl\u0131 lokomotifi \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"Y\u0131l\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metin\">1830<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Geli\u015fme\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metin\">Manchester-Liverpool demir yolu a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"Y\u0131l\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metin\">1863<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Geli\u015fme\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metin\">Transatlantilk telgraf kablolar\u0131 d\u00f6\u015fendi.<\/p><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"Y\u0131l\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metin\">1885<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Geli\u015fme\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metin\">Benz i\u00e7ten yanmal\u0131 motorlu otomobil yapt\u0131.<\/p><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"Y\u0131l\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metin\">1908<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Geli\u015fme\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metin\">Ford montaj hatt\u0131yla Model T \u00fcretti.<\/p><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"tk-kart\" aria-labelledby=\"tk-1-4-ihracat-altyapi-ve-fabrikalar\">\n<h2 id=\"tk-1-4-ihracat-altyapi-ve-fabrikalar\"><strong>\u0130hracat, Altyap\u0131 ve Fabrikalar<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul class=\"tk-liste\">\n<li>\u0130ngiliz h\u00fck\u00fbmetinin destekledi\u011fi ihracat sanayile\u015fmenin fitilini ate\u015fledi.<\/li>\n<li>Pamuklu dokumac\u0131l\u0131kta yeni bulu\u015flar \u00fcretimi destekledi.<\/li>\n<li>\u0130ngilizler pamuklu kuma\u015flar\u0131 \u00e7e\u015fitli \u00fclkelere ihra\u00e7 ederek sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn \u00f6nc\u00fcs\u00fc oldu.<\/li>\n<li>S\u00f6m\u00fcrge ticareti ve Tar\u0131m Devrimi\u2019nden gelen sermaye yeni yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lendirdi.<\/li>\n<li>Bu s\u0131n\u0131f fabrikalara, yollara, k\u00f6pr\u00fclere, kanallara ve demir yollar\u0131na yat\u0131r\u0131m yapt\u0131.<\/li>\n<li>Sanayi Devrimi h\u0131zl\u0131 d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm ba\u015flatt\u0131; etkilerinin topluma yay\u0131lmas\u0131 uzun y\u0131llar ald\u0131.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"tk-kart\" aria-labelledby=\"tk-1-4-fabrika-sistemi-ve-dokumacilik\">\n<h2 id=\"tk-1-4-fabrika-sistemi-ve-dokumacilik\"><strong>Fabrika Sistemi ve Dokumac\u0131l\u0131k<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul class=\"tk-liste\">\n<li>Yeni makinelerle ilk olarak iplik \u00fcretim fabrikalar\u0131 kuruldu.<\/li>\n<li>1780\u2019lerde y\u00fczlerce iplik fabrikas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131.<\/li>\n<li>Pamuk ipli\u011fi fiyatlar\u0131 d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc ve dokumac\u0131l\u0131k sekt\u00f6r\u00fc geni\u015fledi.<\/li>\n<li>XIX. y\u00fczy\u0131l ba\u015flar\u0131nda dokumac\u0131l\u0131kta \u00e7eyrek milyon ki\u015fi \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yordu.<\/li>\n<li>El tezg\u00e2h\u0131 dokumac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 kazan\u00e7l\u0131yd\u0131 ancak y\u00fcksek \u00fccret ve s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fcme nedeniyle k\u0131sa s\u00fcrd\u00fc.<\/li>\n<li>Makine maliyetleri ucuzlay\u0131nca 1780\u2019lerde makineli dokuma tezg\u00e2hlar\u0131 yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"tk-kart\" aria-labelledby=\"tk-1-4-makinelesme-ve-is-gucu\">\n<h2 id=\"tk-1-4-makinelesme-ve-is-gucu\"><strong>Makinele\u015fme ve \u0130\u015f G\u00fcc\u00fc<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul class=\"tk-liste\">\n<li>\u0130lk fabrikalar su g\u00fcc\u00fc nedeniyle nehir yak\u0131nlar\u0131nda kuruldu.<\/li>\n<li>Buhar g\u00fcc\u00fc yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131k\u00e7a fabrikalar m\u00fc\u015fterilere yak\u0131n \u015fehirlerde in\u015fa edildi.<\/li>\n<li>K\u0131rsal dokuma imalathaneleri kapan\u0131nca zanaatk\u00e2rlar \u015fehirlere g\u00f6\u00e7 etti.<\/li>\n<li>Dokumac\u0131l\u0131kta geleneksel beceriye duyulan ihtiya\u00e7 azald\u0131.<\/li>\n<li>Fabrikalarda d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck \u00fccretli kad\u0131nlar ve \u00e7ocuklar \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/li>\n<li>\u0130\u015f\u00e7inin temel g\u00f6revi ham pamuk veya ipli\u011fi makineye yerle\u015ftirmek h\u00e2line geldi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"tk-kart\" aria-labelledby=\"tk-1-4-sanayi-devriminin-yayilmasi\">\n<h2 id=\"tk-1-4-sanayi-devriminin-yayilmasi\"><strong>Sanayi Devrimi\u2019nin Yay\u0131lmas\u0131<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul class=\"tk-liste\">\n<li>Sanayi Devrimi XIX. y\u00fczy\u0131l ba\u015f\u0131nda \u0130ngiltere d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda da yay\u0131lmaya ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/li>\n<li>1850\u2019lerde Avrupa genelinde etkisini g\u00f6sterdi.<\/li>\n<li>\u0130lk makinelerin kullan\u0131m kolayl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yay\u0131lmay\u0131 h\u0131zland\u0131rd\u0131.<\/li>\n<li>\u0130ngiliz zanaatk\u00e2r ve teknisyenlerin Bat\u0131 Avrupa\u2019ya davet edilmesi s\u00fcreci destekledi.<\/li>\n<li>Daha karma\u015f\u0131k makineler Avrupa d\u0131\u015f\u0131na yay\u0131lmay\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7le\u015ftirdi.<\/li>\n<li>Sanayile\u015fmenin y\u00f6n\u00fc do\u011fal kaynak, altyap\u0131, sermaye, siyasi kararl\u0131l\u0131k ve s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilik ili\u015fkilerine g\u00f6re \u015fekillendi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<aside class=\"tk-bilgi-kutusu\" role=\"note\" aria-label=\"Sanayi Devrimi\u2019nin Yay\u0131lmas\u0131 - tablo 20\">\n<div class=\"tk-bilgi-icerik\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metin\"><strong>SINAV NOTU<\/strong><br> Sanayile\u015fmenin yay\u0131lmas\u0131nda do\u011fal kaynak, altyap\u0131, sermaye, siyasi kararl\u0131l\u0131k ve s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilik ili\u015fkileri belirleyicidir.<\/p><\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"tk-kart\" aria-labelledby=\"tk-1-4-demir-sanayisi-ve-kullanim-alanlari\">\n<h2 id=\"tk-1-4-demir-sanayisi-ve-kullanim-alanlari\"><strong>Demir Sanayisi ve Kullan\u0131m Alanlar\u0131<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul class=\"tk-liste\">\n<li>Demir sanayisi dokumac\u0131l\u0131k sekt\u00f6r\u00fc kadar h\u0131zl\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fcmedi; zamanla geli\u015fti.<\/li>\n<li>Demirin makinelerle i\u015flenmesi ikinci evrede Almanya ve ABD\u2019de ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti.<\/li>\n<li>1709\u2019da Darby\u2019nin kok kullanmas\u0131 demir \u00fcretiminde verimi art\u0131rd\u0131.<\/li>\n<li>1784\u2019te Henry Cort kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma ve yuvarlama y\u00f6ntemlerini birle\u015ftirerek b\u00fcy\u00fck f\u0131r\u0131nlar \u00fcretti.<\/li>\n<li>Artan \u00fcretimle demirin kullan\u0131m alanlar\u0131 geni\u015fledi.<\/li>\n<li>Demir, mutfak e\u015fyalar\u0131ndan mimari yap\u0131lara kadar g\u00fcnl\u00fck ya\u015famda kullan\u0131ld\u0131.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"tk-kart\" aria-labelledby=\"tk-1-4-avrupada-demir-uretimi\">\n<h2 id=\"tk-1-4-avrupada-demir-uretimi\"><strong>Avrupa\u2019da Demir \u00dcretimi<\/strong><\/h2>\n<div class=\"tk-tablo-kapsayici tk-cok-sutun\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Avrupa\u2019da Demir \u00dcretimi - tablo 21\">\n<table class=\"tk-tablosu\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"col\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metin\"><strong>\u00dclke<\/strong><\/p><\/th>\n<th scope=\"col\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metin\"><strong>D\u00f6vme Demir 1725\/50 (%)<\/strong><\/p><\/th>\n<th scope=\"col\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metin\"><strong>Ham Demir 1860\/61 (%)<\/strong><\/p><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"\u00dclke\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metin\">Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"D\u00f6vme Demir 1725\/50 (%)\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metin\">8.1<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Ham Demir 1860\/61 (%)\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metin\">59.5<\/p><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"\u00dclke\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metin\">Fransa<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"D\u00f6vme Demir 1725\/50 (%)\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metin\">27<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Ham Demir 1860\/61 (%)\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metin\">13.7<\/p><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"\u00dclke\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metin\">\u0130sve\u00e7<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"D\u00f6vme Demir 1725\/50 (%)\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metin\">25.4<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Ham Demir 1860\/61 (%)\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metin\">2.6<\/p><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"\u00dclke\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metin\">Almanya<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"D\u00f6vme Demir 1725\/50 (%)\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metin\">8.7<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Ham Demir 1860\/61 (%)\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metin\">8.1<\/p><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"\u00dclke\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metin\">\u0130spanya<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"D\u00f6vme Demir 1725\/50 (%)\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metin\">8<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Ham Demir 1860\/61 (%)\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metin\">0.6<\/p><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"\u00dclke\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metin\">Avusturya-Macaristan<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"D\u00f6vme Demir 1725\/50 (%)\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metin\">8.7<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Ham Demir 1860\/61 (%)\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metin\">4.8<\/p><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tk-tablo-kapsayici tk-cok-sutun\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Avrupa\u2019da Demir \u00dcretimi - tablo 22\">\n<table class=\"tk-tablosu\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"col\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metin\"><strong>\u00dclke<\/strong><\/p><\/th>\n<th scope=\"col\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metin\"><strong>D\u00f6vme Demir 1725\/50 (%)<\/strong><\/p><\/th>\n<th scope=\"col\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metin\"><strong>Ham Demir 1860\/61 (%)<\/strong><\/p><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"\u00dclke\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metin\">\u0130talya<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"D\u00f6vme Demir 1725\/50 (%)\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metin\">2.5<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Ham Demir 1860\/61 (%)\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metin\">0.4<\/p><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"\u00dclke\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metin\">Rusya<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"D\u00f6vme Demir 1725\/50 (%)\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metin\">6.2<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Ham Demir 1860\/61 (%)\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metin\">4.9<\/p><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"\u00dclke\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metin\">Bel\u00e7ika<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"D\u00f6vme Demir 1725\/50 (%)\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metin\">&#8211;<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Ham Demir 1860\/61 (%)\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metin\">4.9<\/p><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"\u00dclke\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metin\">Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n geri kalan\u0131<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"D\u00f6vme Demir 1725\/50 (%)\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metin\">5.3<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Ham Demir 1860\/61 (%)\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metin\">0.5<\/p><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"\u00dclke\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metin\">Avrupa (1000 ton)<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"D\u00f6vme Demir 1725\/50 (%)\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metin\">165-214<\/p><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Ham Demir 1860\/61 (%)\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metin\">6.539<\/p><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"tk-kart\" aria-labelledby=\"tk-1-4-yollar-kopruler-ve-kanallar\">\n<h2 id=\"tk-1-4-yollar-kopruler-ve-kanallar\"><strong>Yollar, K\u00f6pr\u00fcler ve Kanallar<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul class=\"tk-liste\">\n<li>Sanayi \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinin nakliyesi \u00f6nem kazan\u0131nca yollar\u0131n bak\u0131m\u0131 ve yap\u0131m\u0131 h\u0131zland\u0131.<\/li>\n<li>1779\u2019da Abraham Darby, Coalbrookdale\u2019de ilk d\u00f6kme demir k\u00f6pr\u00fcy\u00fc in\u015fa etti.<\/li>\n<li>Bu k\u00f6pr\u00fc 1795\u2019teki b\u00fcy\u00fck selden sa\u011flam \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 ve demir k\u00f6pr\u00fclerin yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131.<\/li>\n<li>1760-1820 aras\u0131nda \u0130ngiltere\u2019de y\u00fczden fazla kanal in\u015fa edildi.<\/li>\n<li>Kanallar g\u0131da, y\u00fck ve k\u00f6m\u00fcr ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda kullan\u0131ld\u0131.<\/li>\n<li>Ula\u015f\u0131m olanaklar\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015ftirilmesi sanayile\u015fme s\u00fcrecinde artarak devam etti.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"tk-kart\" aria-labelledby=\"tk-1-4-demiryolu-cagi\">\n<h2 id=\"tk-1-4-demiryolu-cagi\"><strong>Demiryolu \u00c7a\u011f\u0131<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul class=\"tk-liste\">\n<li>Buhar g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn ta\u015f\u0131nabilir h\u00e2le gelmesi Sanayi Devrimi\u2019nin \u00f6nemli geli\u015fmelerindendi.<\/li>\n<li>Buhar motorlar\u0131 su \u00e7arklar\u0131n\u0131n aksine farkl\u0131 alanlara uyarlanabildi.<\/li>\n<li>Kara ta\u015f\u0131tlar\u0131na uyarlama ilk a\u015famada yollar uygun olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olmad\u0131.<\/li>\n<li>1804\u2019te Richard Trevithick ilk buharl\u0131 lokomotifi \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131.<\/li>\n<li>1829\u2019da Stephensonlar\u0131n Rocket adl\u0131 lokomotifi Rainhill yar\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 kazand\u0131.<\/li>\n<li>1830\u2019da Manchester-Liverpool hatt\u0131 iki b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fehri ba\u011flayan ilk demir yolu oldu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<aside class=\"tk-bilgi-kutusu\" role=\"note\" aria-label=\"Demiryolu \u00c7a\u011f\u0131 - tablo 23\">\n<div class=\"tk-bilgi-icerik\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metin\"><strong>KRONOLOJ\u0130<\/strong><br> 1804 Trevithick ilk buharl\u0131 lokomotif \u2192 1829 Rocket yar\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 kazand\u0131 \u2192 1830 Manchester-Liverpool hatt\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p><\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"tk-kart\" aria-labelledby=\"tk-1-4-demiryollarinin-yayilmasi\">\n<h2 id=\"tk-1-4-demiryollarinin-yayilmasi\"><strong>Demiryollar\u0131n\u0131n Yay\u0131lmas\u0131<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul class=\"tk-liste\">\n<li>1830-1850 aras\u0131nda Britanya\u2019da yakla\u015f\u0131k alt\u0131 bin mil demiryolu a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131.<\/li>\n<li>1850\u2019ye gelindi\u011finde \u0130ngiliz demiryolu a\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ana yap\u0131s\u0131 olu\u015ftu.<\/li>\n<li>Demiryollar\u0131 k\u0131rsal alanlardan b\u00fcy\u00fck kent merkezlerine kadar uzand\u0131.<\/li>\n<li>\u0130nsanlar\u0131n hareket ve ya\u015fam h\u0131z\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde artt\u0131.<\/li>\n<li>1830-1850 aras\u0131nda demir \u00fcretimi iki kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131.<\/li>\n<li>1848\u2019de \u0130ngiltere\u2019de 40 milyondan fazla tren yolculu\u011fu yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<aside class=\"tk-bilgi-kutusu\" role=\"note\" aria-label=\"Demiryollar\u0131n\u0131n Yay\u0131lmas\u0131 - tablo 24\">\n<div class=\"tk-bilgi-icerik\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metin\"><strong>\u00d6nemli Not<\/strong><br> Sadece ray d\u00f6\u015feme i\u015finde 200.000 ki\u015fi istihdam edildi.<\/p><\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"tk-kart\" aria-labelledby=\"tk-1-4-deniz-ulasimi-ve-telgraf\">\n<h2 id=\"tk-1-4-deniz-ulasimi-ve-telgraf\"><strong>Deniz Ula\u015f\u0131m\u0131 ve Telgraf<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul class=\"tk-liste\">\n<li>Buhar g\u00fcc\u00fc deniz ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda devrim yaratt\u0131.<\/li>\n<li>Robert Fulton\u2019\u0131n Clermont adl\u0131 buharl\u0131 gemisi 1807\u2019de Hudson Nehri\u2019nde kullan\u0131lmaya ba\u015fland\u0131.<\/li>\n<li>K\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcn gemilerde \u00e7ok yer kaplamas\u0131 okyanusa\u015f\u0131r\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 zorla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131.<\/li>\n<li>Buharl\u0131 gemilerin uzun mesafeli ticaret rotalar\u0131nda kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 XIX. y\u00fczy\u0131l sonlar\u0131nda m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu.<\/li>\n<li>1860\u2019lar\u0131n sonunda telgraf yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131.<\/li>\n<li>Sanayiciler, t\u00fcccarlar ve halk daha h\u0131zl\u0131 haberle\u015fmeye ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"tk-kart\" aria-labelledby=\"tk-1-4-nufus-artisi-ve-sehirlesme\">\n<h2 id=\"tk-1-4-nufus-artisi-ve-sehirlesme\"><strong>N\u00fcfus Art\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve \u015eehirle\u015fme<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul class=\"tk-liste\">\n<li>Sanayi Devrimi ile Avrupa n\u00fcfusu artt\u0131 ve \u015fehirle\u015fme h\u0131z kazand\u0131.<\/li>\n<li>\u0130ngiltere\u2019de \u015fehir n\u00fcfusu 1750\u2019lerde %15 iken 1850\u2019de %50\u2019ye ula\u015ft\u0131.<\/li>\n<li>1880\u2019de \u0130ngiltere\u2019de \u015fehir n\u00fcfusu %80\u2019e \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/li>\n<li>Tar\u0131m politikalar\u0131 ve makinele\u015fme k\u0131rsal b\u00f6lgelerdeki n\u00fcfusu etkiledi.<\/li>\n<li>Yerel imalathanelerin kapanmas\u0131, insanlar\u0131n fabrikalarda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak i\u00e7in \u015fehirlere g\u00f6\u00e7 etmesine yol a\u00e7t\u0131.<\/li>\n<li>Bu sosyoekonomik de\u011fi\u015fim toplumsal ya\u015fam\u0131 derinden etkiledi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<aside class=\"tk-bilgi-kutusu\" role=\"note\" aria-label=\"N\u00fcfus Art\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve \u015eehirle\u015fme - tablo 25\">\n<div class=\"tk-bilgi-icerik\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metin\"><strong>\u00d6SYM D\u0130KKAT<\/strong><br> \u0130ngiltere\u2019de \u015fehir n\u00fcfusu 1750\u2019lerde %15, 1850\u2019de %50, 1880\u2019de %80 oldu.<\/p><\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"tk-kart\" aria-labelledby=\"tk-1-4-toplumsal-siniflar\">\n<h2 id=\"tk-1-4-toplumsal-siniflar\"><strong>Toplumsal S\u0131n\u0131flar<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul class=\"tk-liste\">\n<li>Sanayi Devrimi\u2019nin toplumsal etkileri her kesim i\u00e7in e\u015fit olmad\u0131.<\/li>\n<li>Fabrika, at\u00f6lye ve maden sahipleri b\u00fcy\u00fck kazan\u00e7lar elde etti.<\/li>\n<li>Yeni geli\u015fen orta s\u0131n\u0131f teknolojik yeniliklerle daha rahat ya\u015fam s\u00fcrd\u00fc.<\/li>\n<li>K\u0131rsaldan g\u00f6\u00e7 edenler d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck \u00fccretle uzun mesailerde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/li>\n<li>Sanayi Devrimi \u00f6ncesinde aristokratlar sosyal hiyerar\u015finin en \u00fcst tabakas\u0131ndayd\u0131.<\/li>\n<li>Sanayiciler, fabrika sahipleri, doktorlar ve avukatlar yeni \u00fcst ve orta s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131 olu\u015fturdu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<aside class=\"tk-bilgi-kutusu\" role=\"note\" aria-label=\"Toplumsal S\u0131n\u0131flar - tablo 26\">\n<div class=\"tk-bilgi-icerik\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metin\"><strong>KARI\u015eTIRMA!<\/strong><br> Aristokrasi toprak sahibi ayr\u0131cal\u0131kl\u0131 soylu s\u0131n\u0131ft\u0131r; sanayi burjuvazisi ticaret ve sanayiyle g\u00fc\u00e7lenen kentli s\u0131n\u0131ft\u0131r; i\u015f\u00e7i eme\u011fini \u00fccret kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda satar.<\/p><\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"tk-kart\" aria-labelledby=\"tk-1-4-tuketim-toplumu\">\n<h2 id=\"tk-1-4-tuketim-toplumu\"><strong>T\u00fcketim Toplumu<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul class=\"tk-liste\">\n<li>XVIII. y\u00fczy\u0131lda imalat teknikleri geli\u015ftik\u00e7e \u00fcr\u00fcn \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fi artt\u0131.<\/li>\n<li>Giyimden mutfak e\u015fyas\u0131na kadar pek \u00e7ok t\u00fcketim \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc ucuzlad\u0131.<\/li>\n<li>Londra\u2019daki ilk b\u00fcy\u00fck ma\u011faza 1863\u2019te a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131.<\/li>\n<li>Orta s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131n harcama al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klar\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fti.<\/li>\n<li>Al\u0131\u015fveri\u015fe ilginin artmas\u0131 t\u00fcketim toplumu ad\u0131 verilen yeni yap\u0131y\u0131 olu\u015fturdu.<\/li>\n<li>Baz\u0131 emek\u00e7iler \u00fcst s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131 taklit etmek i\u00e7in daha uzun \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ya da aile \u00fcyelerini i\u015fe g\u00f6nderme yoluna gitti.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"tk-kart\" aria-labelledby=\"tk-1-4-isci-sinifi-ve-kent-sorunlari\">\n<h2 id=\"tk-1-4-isci-sinifi-ve-kent-sorunlari\"><strong>\u0130\u015f\u00e7i S\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 ve Kent Sorunlar\u0131<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul class=\"tk-liste\">\n<li>1770\u2019lerde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 en alt gelir grubundaki insanlardan olu\u015ftu.<\/li>\n<li>Bat\u0131 Avrupa n\u00fcfusunun b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc i\u015f\u00e7iydi.<\/li>\n<li>Zengin sanayiciler ile yoksul fabrika i\u015f\u00e7ileri aras\u0131ndaki gelir e\u015fitsizli\u011fi derinle\u015fti.<\/li>\n<li>\u0130\u015f\u00e7iler fabrikalara yak\u0131n gecekondu mahallelerinde ya\u015fad\u0131.<\/li>\n<li>Konutlar biti\u015fik planl\u0131 ve kalabal\u0131kt\u0131; altyap\u0131 sistemleri yetersizdi.<\/li>\n<li>K\u00f6m\u00fcr kullan\u0131m\u0131 hava kirlili\u011fini, kanalizasyon sorunlar\u0131 kolera salg\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rd\u0131.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<aside class=\"tk-bilgi-kutusu\" role=\"note\" aria-label=\"\u0130\u015f\u00e7i S\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 ve Kent Sorunlar\u0131 - tablo 27\">\n<div class=\"tk-bilgi-icerik\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metin\"><strong>Hap Bilgi<\/strong><br> 1865\u2019te Liverpool\u2019da k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n %40\u2019\u0131 bu ko\u015fullar nedeniyle hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti.<\/p><\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"tk-kart\" aria-labelledby=\"tk-1-4-kamu-hizmetleri-ve-planli-sehircilik\">\n<h2 id=\"tk-1-4-kamu-hizmetleri-ve-planli-sehircilik\"><strong>Kamu Hizmetleri ve Planl\u0131 \u015eehircilik<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul class=\"tk-liste\">\n<li>Sanayile\u015fme altyap\u0131, konut, sa\u011fl\u0131k, i\u015fsizlik ve e\u011fitim sorunlar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcndeme getirdi.<\/li>\n<li>Yeni ula\u015f\u0131m ara\u00e7lar\u0131 kamuda yeni birimlerin kurulmas\u0131n\u0131 gerekli k\u0131ld\u0131.<\/li>\n<li>Sanayi \u00f6ncesinde devletin g\u00f6revi daha \u00e7ok savunma ve adaletle s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131yd\u0131.<\/li>\n<li>Modern kent hizmetleri ve yerel y\u00f6netimler \u00f6nem kazanmaya ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/li>\n<li>\u015eehirler b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fck\u00e7e planl\u0131 \u015fehircilik anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 benimsendi.<\/li>\n<li>Musluk suyu, tuvalet, toplu ta\u015f\u0131ma, banliy\u00f6 trenleri ve sokak ayd\u0131nlatmas\u0131 ya\u015fam kalitesini art\u0131rd\u0131.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"tk-kart\" aria-labelledby=\"tk-1-4-krizler-ve-toplumsal-tepkiler\">\n<h2 id=\"tk-1-4-krizler-ve-toplumsal-tepkiler\"><strong>Krizler ve Toplumsal Tepkiler<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul class=\"tk-liste\">\n<li>1830 ve 1840\u2019lar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131ndaki ekonomik krizler Avrupa\u2019da b\u00fcy\u00fcmeyi yava\u015flatt\u0131.<\/li>\n<li>Ki\u015fi ba\u015f\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fen mill\u00ee gelir miktar\u0131 azald\u0131.<\/li>\n<li>\u0130ngiltere\u2019de Ludizm ve Chartist Hareket gibi toplumsal tepkiler ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/li>\n<li>Ludizm 1811\u2019de tekstil i\u015f\u00e7ilerinin \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmesiyle ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/li>\n<li>Ludistler i\u015f kayb\u0131n\u0131 protesto ederek fabrika ve makinelere sald\u0131rd\u0131.<\/li>\n<li>Ludist ayaklanmalar ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z olsa da i\u015f\u00e7i hareketlerinin \u00f6nemli bir par\u00e7as\u0131 oldu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<aside class=\"tk-bilgi-kutusu\" role=\"note\" aria-label=\"Krizler ve Toplumsal Tepkiler - tablo 28\">\n<div class=\"tk-bilgi-icerik\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metin\"><strong>KARI\u015eTIRMA!<\/strong><br> Ludizm makine ve fabrikalara y\u00f6nelen i\u015f\u00e7i tepkisidir; Chartizm oy hakk\u0131 ve se\u00e7im d\u00fczenine ili\u015fkin siyasi talepler ileri s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p><\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"tk-kart\" aria-labelledby=\"tk-1-4-chartizm-1848-ve-sendikalar\">\n<h2 id=\"tk-1-4-chartizm-1848-ve-sendikalar\"><strong>Chartizm, 1848 ve Sendikalar<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul class=\"tk-liste\">\n<li>Chartistler evrensel erkek oy hakk\u0131, y\u0131lda bir se\u00e7im ve gizli oy istedi.<\/li>\n<li>1838 Alt\u0131 Maddelik Halk Bildirgesi se\u00e7im b\u00f6lgelerinde e\u015fitlik ve m\u00fclkiyet \u015fart\u0131n\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 savundu.<\/li>\n<li>Chartistlerin milyonlarca imzal\u0131 talebi Parlamento taraf\u0131ndan reddedildi.<\/li>\n<li>1848 Devrimleri Fransa\u2019dan ba\u015flayarak Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne yay\u0131ld\u0131.<\/li>\n<li>Demokrasi, liberalizm, milliyet\u00e7ilik ve sosyalizm pop\u00fclerle\u015fti.<\/li>\n<li>Dayan\u0131\u015fma dernekleri sendikalara d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc; grev hakk\u0131 daha iyi \u00fccret ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131 i\u00e7in kullan\u0131ld\u0131.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"tk-kart\" aria-labelledby=\"tk-1-4-calisma-yasalari-ve-egitim\">\n<h2 id=\"tk-1-4-calisma-yasalari-ve-egitim\"><strong>\u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Yasalar\u0131 ve E\u011fitim<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul class=\"tk-liste\">\n<li>\u0130ngiliz Parlamentosunda \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan Fabrika Yasas\u0131 \u00e7ocuk i\u015f\u00e7ili\u011fini s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131rmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/li>\n<li>1840\u2019lardan itibaren kad\u0131n ve \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n yer alt\u0131 madenlerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 yasakland\u0131.<\/li>\n<li>1874\u2019te haftal\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcresi en fazla 56 saat olarak belirlendi.<\/li>\n<li>Bu yasalar di\u011fer Avrupa \u00fclkelerini benzer d\u00fczenlemeler yapmaya te\u015fvik etti.<\/li>\n<li>XVIII. y\u00fczy\u0131lda yoksul \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n e\u011fitim alma imk\u00e2n\u0131 \u00e7ok s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131yd\u0131.<\/li>\n<li>1870\u2019lerde \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan yasalarla \u00e7ocuklar i\u00e7in ilkokul e\u011fitimi zorunlu h\u00e2le getirildi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<aside class=\"tk-bilgi-kutusu\" role=\"note\" aria-label=\"\u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Yasalar\u0131 ve E\u011fitim - tablo 29\">\n<div class=\"tk-bilgi-icerik\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metin\"><strong>KRONOLOJ\u0130<\/strong><br> 1840\u2019lardan itibaren kad\u0131n ve \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n madenlerde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 yasakland\u0131 \u2192 1870\u2019lerde ilkokul zorunlu oldu \u2192 1874\u2019te haftal\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma en fazla 56 saat oldu.<\/p><\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"tk-kart\" aria-labelledby=\"tk-1-4-siyasi-ve-ideolojik-sonuclar\">\n<h2 id=\"tk-1-4-siyasi-ve-ideolojik-sonuclar\"><strong>Siyasi ve \u0130deolojik Sonu\u00e7lar<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul class=\"tk-liste\">\n<li>Sanayi Devrimi ekonomik d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcmlerle birlikte k\u00f6kl\u00fc siyasi yap\u0131lanmalar\u0131 do\u011furdu.<\/li>\n<li>Devlet; sermaye birikimi, \u00fcretim s\u00fcreci ve piyasa d\u00fczeninde merkez\u00ee rol \u00fcstlendi.<\/li>\n<li>S\u0131n\u0131fsal e\u015fitsizlikler farkl\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f ve ideolojilere zemin haz\u0131rlad\u0131.<\/li>\n<li>Karl Marx, Kapital adl\u0131 eserinde kapitalizmin emek s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcs\u00fcne dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 savundu.<\/li>\n<li>Bat\u0131 Avrupa\u2019da liberalizm ba\u015fl\u0131ca siyasi \u00f6\u011freti oldu.<\/li>\n<li>Liberalizm bireysel \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck, hukukun \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve serbest piyasa ekonomisini savundu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<aside class=\"tk-bilgi-kutusu\" role=\"note\" aria-label=\"Siyasi ve \u0130deolojik Sonu\u00e7lar - tablo 30\">\n<div class=\"tk-bilgi-icerik\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metin\"><strong>S\u0131navda \u00c7\u0131kar<\/strong><br> Liberalizmin temel slogan\u0131: \u201cB\u0131rak\u0131n\u0131z yaps\u0131nlar, b\u0131rak\u0131n\u0131z ge\u00e7sinler.\u201d<\/p><\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<aside class=\"tk-bilgi-kutusu\" role=\"note\" aria-label=\"Siyasi ve \u0130deolojik Sonu\u00e7lar - tablo 31\">\n<div class=\"tk-bilgi-icerik\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metin\"><strong>KARI\u015eTIRMA!<\/strong><br> Liberalizm bireysel \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck, hukukun \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve serbest piyasay\u0131 savunur; Karl Marx kapitalizmin emek s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcs\u00fcne dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 savunur.<\/p><\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"tk-kart\" aria-labelledby=\"tk-1-4-serbest-ticaret-ve-sanayi-burjuvazisi\">\n<h2 id=\"tk-1-4-serbest-ticaret-ve-sanayi-burjuvazisi\"><strong>Serbest Ticaret <\/strong><strong>ve<\/strong><strong> Sanayi Burjuvazisi<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul class=\"tk-liste\">\n<li>\u0130ngiltere, \u00fcretim kapasitesini art\u0131rarak d\u00fcnya ticaretindeki yerini g\u00fc\u00e7lendirdi.<\/li>\n<li>1846\u2019da Tah\u0131l Yasalar\u0131n\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 serbest ticaretin \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc a\u00e7t\u0131.<\/li>\n<li>1849\u2019da Seyr\u00fcsefer Kararnamesi kald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131.<\/li>\n<li>Sermaye ve \u00fcr\u00fcn dola\u015f\u0131m\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131; k\u00fcresel ticaretin \u00f6n\u00fcndeki engeller azald\u0131.<\/li>\n<li>1850\u2019lerden 1929 Ekonomik Buhran\u0131\u2019na kadar Avrupa\u2019da liberal ekonomi politikalar\u0131 uyguland\u0131.<\/li>\n<li>Sanayi burjuvazisi aristokrasi kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda siyasi dengeleri de\u011fi\u015ftiren bir s\u0131n\u0131fa d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"tk-kart\" aria-labelledby=\"tk-1-4-yeni-somurgecilik-rekabeti\">\n<h2 id=\"tk-1-4-yeni-somurgecilik-rekabeti\"><strong>Yeni S\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilik Rekabeti<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul class=\"tk-liste\">\n<li>\u00dcretim art\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcreklili\u011fi Avrupa \u00fclkelerinin yeni pazarlara ihtiya\u00e7 duymas\u0131na yol a\u00e7t\u0131.<\/li>\n<li>Sanayile\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclkeler d\u0131\u015f ticarete a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k verdi.<\/li>\n<li>Ucuz ham madde tedariki \u00f6nemli bir sorun h\u00e2line geldi.<\/li>\n<li>\u0130ngiltere, Hindistan gibi s\u00f6m\u00fcrgelerden yararlanarak sanayideki liderli\u011fini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/li>\n<li>XIX. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonlar\u0131nda di\u011fer Avrupal\u0131 devletler Afrika ve Asya\u2019ya y\u00f6neldi.<\/li>\n<li>1880\u2019lerden itibaren Afrika\u2019daki ham maddeler ve stratejik b\u00f6lgeler i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck rekabet ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<aside class=\"tk-bilgi-kutusu\" role=\"note\" aria-label=\"Yeni S\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilik Rekabeti - tablo 32\">\n<div class=\"tk-bilgi-icerik\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metin\"><strong>NEDEN \u00d6NEML\u0130?<\/strong><br> \u00dcretim art\u0131\u015f\u0131 yeni pazar ve ucuz ham madde ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fctt\u00fc; bu durum Afrika ve Asya\u2019daki s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilik rekabetini h\u0131zland\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p><\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"tk-kart\" aria-labelledby=\"tk-1-4-sanayi-devriminin-etkileri\">\n<h2 id=\"tk-1-4-sanayi-devriminin-etkileri\"><strong>Sanayi Devriminin Etkileri<\/strong><\/h2>\n<div class=\"tk-tablo-kapsayici\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Sanayi Devriminin Etkileri - tablo 33\">\n<table class=\"tk-tablosu\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"col\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metin\"><strong>Olumlu etkileri<\/strong><\/p><\/th>\n<th scope=\"col\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metin\"><strong>Olumsuz etkileri<\/strong><\/p><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"Olumlu etkileri\"><ul class=\"tk-liste\">\n<li>\u00dcretim h\u0131zlanm\u0131\u015f, \u00fcr\u00fcn miktar\u0131 artm\u0131\u015f ve bir\u00e7ok \u00fcr\u00fcn ucuzlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>Demir yolu, buharl\u0131 gemi ve otomobil ula\u015f\u0131m\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>Telgraf ve telefon haberle\u015fme s\u00fcresini k\u0131saltm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>Yeni kamu hizmetleri ve \u015fehir altyap\u0131lar\u0131 ya\u015fam kalitesini y\u00fckseltmi\u015ftir.<\/li>\n<\/ul><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Olumsuz etkileri\"><ul class=\"tk-liste\">\n<li>Makinele\u015fme baz\u0131 zanaatk\u00e2rlar\u0131n i\u015fini kaybetmesine neden olmu\u015ftur.<\/li>\n<li>D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck \u00fccret, uzun \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ve \u00e7ocuk i\u015f\u00e7ili\u011fi yayg\u0131nla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>Plans\u0131z kentle\u015fme, sa\u011fl\u0131ks\u0131z konutlar ve s\u0131n\u0131fsal e\u015fitsizlik artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>K\u00f6m\u00fcr kullan\u0131m\u0131; hava, su ve toprak kirlili\u011fini b\u00fcy\u00fctm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/li>\n<\/ul><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"tk-bilgi-kutusu\" role=\"note\" aria-label=\"Sanayi Devriminin Etkileri - tablo 34\">\n<div class=\"tk-bilgi-icerik\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metin\"><strong>SINAV NOTU<\/strong><br> Sanayi Devrimi; \u00fcretim, ula\u015f\u0131m, haberle\u015fme ve kamu hizmetlerini geli\u015ftirirken i\u015f kayb\u0131, \u00e7ocuk i\u015f\u00e7ili\u011fi, plans\u0131z kentle\u015fme ve \u00e7evre kirlili\u011fi de do\u011furdu.<\/p><\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"tk-kart\" aria-labelledby=\"tk-1-4-karsilastirma\">\n<h2 id=\"tk-1-4-karsilastirma\"><strong>Kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rma<\/strong><\/h2>\n<div class=\"tk-tablo-kapsayici\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rma - tablo 35\">\n<table class=\"tk-tablosu\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"col\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metin\"><strong>Fabrika ortam\u0131<\/strong><\/p><\/th>\n<th scope=\"col\"><p class=\"tk-hucre-metin\"><strong>Geleneksel ortam<\/strong><\/p><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"Fabrika ortam\u0131\"><ul class=\"tk-liste\">\n<li>\u00dcretim b\u00fcy\u00fck bir binada ve makinelerle toplu h\u00e2lde yap\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>\u0130\u015f b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc vard\u0131r; i\u015f\u00e7iler \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn yaln\u0131z bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc \u00fcretir.<\/li>\n<li>\u00c7al\u0131\u015fma saatleri ve tempo fabrika d\u00fczenine g\u00f6re belirlenir.<\/li>\n<li>Vas\u0131fs\u0131z, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck \u00fccretli kad\u0131n ve \u00e7ocuk eme\u011fi yayg\u0131nd\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Geleneksel ortam\"><ul class=\"tk-liste\">\n<li>\u00dcretim evde veya k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck at\u00f6lyede el tezg\u00e2h\u0131yla yap\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>Usta, \u00fcretimin b\u00fct\u00fcn a\u015famalar\u0131n\u0131 bilir ve y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcr.<\/li>\n<li>\u00dcretim daha yava\u015f, az miktarda ve emek yo\u011fundur.<\/li>\n<li>\u00c7al\u0131\u015fma d\u00fczeni aileye, ustaya ve mevsime g\u00f6re daha esnektir.<\/li>\n<\/ul><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<button class=\"tk-basa-don\" type=\"button\" aria-label=\"Ders notunun ba\u015f\u0131na d\u00f6n\">Ba\u015fa D\u00f6n<\/button>\n<\/article>\n<script>\n(() => {\n  'use strict';\n  document.querySelectorAll('.tk-ders-notu').forEach((root) => {\n    if (root.dataset.tkReady === 'true') return;\n    root.dataset.tkReady = 'true';\n    const printButton = root.querySelector('[data-tk-action=\"print\"]');\n    const tocButton = root.querySelector('[data-tk-action=\"toc\"]');\n    const toc = 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S\u0131n\u0131f Ders: Tarih \u00dcnite: DE\u011e\u0130\u015eEN D\u00dcNYADA OSMANLI DEVLET\u0130 (1683-1789) \u00d6\u011frenme \u00c7\u0131kt\u0131s\u0131: Sanayi Devrimi Sonras\u0131 Meydana Gelen Geli\u015fmeler 11. S\u0131n\u0131f Tarih \u2022 \u00d6\u011frenme \u00c7\u0131kt\u0131s\u0131 <a class=\"mh-excerpt-more\" href=\"https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/index.php\/2026\/08\/27\/1-4-sanayi-devrimi-sonrasi-meydana-gelen-gelismeler\/\" title=\"Sanayi Devrimi Sonras\u0131 Meydana Gelen Geli\u015fmeler | 11. 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