{"id":3675,"date":"2026-08-08T19:16:15","date_gmt":"2026-08-08T16:16:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/?p=3675"},"modified":"2026-08-08T19:16:16","modified_gmt":"2026-08-08T16:16:16","slug":"kpss-tarih-osmanli-kultur-ve-medeniyeti-online-test","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/index.php\/2026\/08\/08\/kpss-tarih-osmanli-kultur-ve-medeniyeti-online-test\/","title":{"rendered":"KPSS Tarih Osmanl\u0131 K\u00fclt\u00fcr ve Medeniyeti Online Test"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">KPSS tarih haz\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131 K\u00fclt\u00fcr ve Medeniyeti; y\u00f6netim anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan saray ve Divan te\u015fkilat\u0131na, ta\u015fra d\u00fczeninden hukuk sistemine kadar geni\u015f bir alan\u0131 kapsar. Bu online KPSS testi; \u015fehzadelerin e\u011fitimi, veraset de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri, Topkap\u0131 Saray\u0131, Divan \u00fcyeleri, eyalet \u00e7e\u015fitleri ve kad\u0131lar\u0131n g\u00f6revlerini \u00f6l\u00e7er. Kap\u0131kulu ve eyalet askerleri, dev\u015firme ile t\u0131mar sistemleri, donanma, Millet Sistemi, vak\u0131flar ve sosyal kurumlar da sorular aras\u0131nda yer al\u0131r. Miri, m\u00fclk ve vak\u0131f araziler; iltizam, lonca, narh ve Osmanl\u0131 vergileri ekonomi ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda sorgulan\u0131r. Medreseler, Enderun, bilim insanlar\u0131, Mimar Sinan&#8217;\u0131n eserleri, minyat\u00fcr ve hat sanat\u0131 40 \u00f6zg\u00fcn soruyla tekrar edilir. KPSS, EKPSS, MEB AGS ve \u00d6ABT d\u00fczeyindeki test; bilgi, kavram ve e\u015fle\u015ftirme becerilerini dengeli bi\u00e7imde yoklar. Her cevaptan sonra a\u00e7\u0131klamay\u0131 g\u00f6rebilir, sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 inceleyebilir ve yanl\u0131\u015f sorular\u0131 ayr\u0131 bir turda yeniden \u00e7\u00f6zebilirsin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<meta charset=\"UTF-8\">\n<style>\n#tkquiz-app {\n  --tkquiz-ink: #17324d;\n  --tkquiz-muted: #60758a;\n  --tkquiz-primary: #1769aa;\n  --tkquiz-primary-dark: #0f4f82;\n  --tkquiz-accent: #0f8b8d;\n  --tkquiz-surface: #ffffff;\n  --tkquiz-soft: #f3f7fb;\n  --tkquiz-border: #d7e2ec;\n  --tkquiz-correct: #176b3a;\n  --tkquiz-correct-bg: #eaf7ef;\n  --tkquiz-wrong: #a12b2b;\n  --tkquiz-wrong-bg: #fff0f0;\n  --tkquiz-warning: #8a5a00;\n  --tkquiz-shadow: 0 16px 42px rgba(23, 50, 77, 0.12);\n  width: 100%;\n  max-width: 920px;\n  margin: 24px auto;\n  color: var(--tkquiz-ink);\n  font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\n  line-height: 1.55;\n  overflow-wrap: anywhere;\n}\n\n#tkquiz-app,\n#tkquiz-app * {\n  box-sizing: border-box;\n}\n\n#tkquiz-app .tkquiz-shell {\n  overflow: hidden;\n  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margin-bottom: 12px;\n    overflow: hidden;\n    background: #ffffff;\n    border: 1px solid var(--tkquiz-border);\n    border-radius: 11px;\n  }\n\n  #tkquiz-app .tkquiz-results-table td {\n    display: grid;\n    grid-template-columns: 105px minmax(0, 1fr);\n    gap: 10px;\n    padding: 9px 11px;\n    text-align: left !important;\n    border: 0;\n    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--tkquiz-border);\n  }\n\n  #tkquiz-app .tkquiz-results-table td:last-child {\n    border-bottom: 0;\n  }\n\n  #tkquiz-app .tkquiz-results-table td::before {\n    content: attr(data-label);\n    color: var(--tkquiz-muted);\n    font-weight: 800;\n  }\n\n  #tkquiz-app .tkquiz-nav,\n  #tkquiz-app .tkquiz-result-actions {\n    flex-direction: column;\n  }\n\n  #tkquiz-app .tkquiz-button {\n    width: 100%;\n  }\n}\n<\/style>\n\n<div id=\"tkquiz-app\">\n  <div class=\"tkquiz-shell\">\n    <header class=\"tkquiz-header\">\n      <p class=\"tkquiz-kicker\">KPSS Tarih \u2022 40 Soru<\/p>\n      <h2 class=\"tkquiz-title\">Osmanl\u0131 K\u00fclt\u00fcr ve Medeniyeti Online Testi<\/h2>\n      <p class=\"tkquiz-subtitle\">Osmanl\u0131 K\u00fclt\u00fcr ve Medeniyeti konusunu 40 \u00f6zg\u00fcn soruyla tekrar edin; a\u00e7\u0131klamalarla bilginizi peki\u015ftirin.<\/p>\n    <\/header>\n\n    <div id=\"tkquiz-progress-wrap\" class=\"tkquiz-progress-wrap\">\n      <div class=\"tkquiz-progress-meta\">\n        <span id=\"tkquiz-progress-text\">Soru 1 \/ 40<\/span>\n        <span id=\"tkquiz-mode-text\">Ana test<\/span>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"tkquiz-progress\" role=\"progressbar\" aria-label=\"Test ilerlemesi\" aria-valuemin=\"0\" aria-valuemax=\"100\" aria-valuenow=\"0\">\n        <div id=\"tkquiz-progress-bar\" class=\"tkquiz-progress-bar\"><\/div>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <main id=\"tkquiz-main\" class=\"tkquiz-main\"><\/main>\n    <div id=\"tkquiz-live\" class=\"tkquiz-visually-hidden\" aria-live=\"polite\" aria-atomic=\"true\"><\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<script>\n(function () {\n  \"use strict\";\n\n  const root = document.getElementById(\"tkquiz-app\");\n  if (!root) return;\n\n  const letters = [\"A\", \"B\", \"C\", \"D\", \"E\"];\n  const questionBank = [\n    {\n        \"question\": \"Osmanl\u0131 y\u00f6netiminin monar\u015fik yap\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131nda teokratik bir nitelik kazanmas\u0131 hangi geli\u015fmeyle ili\u015fkilidir?\",\n        \"options\": [\n            \"\u0130stanbul'un fethedilmesi\",\n            \"Kanun-i Esasi'nin ilan\u0131\",\n            \"1517 M\u0131s\u0131r Seferi sonucunda halifeli\u011fin Osmanl\u0131'ya ge\u00e7mesi\",\n            \"Sened-i \u0130ttifak'\u0131n imzalanmas\u0131\",\n            \"Divan-\u0131 H\u00fcmayun'un kurulmas\u0131\"\n        ],\n        \"correct\": 2,\n        \"explanation\": \"Yavuz Sultan Selim'in 1517 M\u0131s\u0131r Seferi'nden sonra halifeli\u011fin Osmanl\u0131'ya ge\u00e7mesi, mutlak monar\u015fiye teokratik bir nitelik de kazand\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\"\n    },\n    {\n        \"question\": \"Padi\u015fah\u0131n bir ki\u015fiyi g\u00f6reve atad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, g\u00f6revden ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 veya ona ayr\u0131cal\u0131k verdi\u011fini g\u00f6steren belge hangisidir?\",\n        \"options\": [\n            \"Berat\",\n            \"Ferman\",\n            \"Vakfiye\",\n            \"Yasakname\",\n            \"Sefaretname\"\n        ],\n        \"correct\": 0,\n        \"explanation\": \"Berat; padi\u015fah\u0131n bir ki\u015fiyi g\u00f6reve atad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, g\u00f6revden ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ya da ni\u015fan ve madalya gibi bir ayr\u0131cal\u0131k verdi\u011fini g\u00f6steren resm\u00ee belgedir.\"\n    },\n    {\n        \"question\": \"Sanca\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kma usul\u00fcyle yeti\u015ferek tahta \u00e7\u0131kan son Osmanl\u0131 padi\u015fah\u0131 kimdir?\",\n        \"options\": [\n            \"I. Ahmet\",\n            \"II. Osman\",\n            \"IV. Murat\",\n            \"III. Murat\",\n            \"III. Mehmet\"\n        ],\n        \"correct\": 4,\n        \"explanation\": \"Sancakta y\u00f6netim tecr\u00fcbesi kazanarak tahta \u00e7\u0131kan son padi\u015fah III. Mehmet'tir; sistem I. Ahmet d\u00f6neminde kald\u0131r\u0131larak Kafes Usul\u00fcne ge\u00e7ilmi\u015ftir.\"\n    },\n    {\n        \"question\": \"Osmanl\u0131'da sanca\u011fa g\u00f6nderilen \u015fehzadenin e\u011fitiminden sorumlu tecr\u00fcbeli devlet adam\u0131na ne ad verilirdi?\",\n        \"options\": [\n            \"Atabey\",\n            \"Lala\",\n            \"Kazasker\",\n            \"M\u00fcderris\",\n            \"\u015eehremini\"\n        ],\n        \"correct\": 1,\n        \"explanation\": \"Sanca\u011fa \u00c7elebi Sultan unvan\u0131yla g\u00f6nderilen \u015fehzadenin yan\u0131nda, e\u011fitim ve rehberli\u011finden sorumlu Lala bulunurdu.\"\n    },\n    {\n        \"question\": \"Anadolu d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bulunan tek Osmanl\u0131 \u015fehzade sanca\u011f\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakilerden hangisidir?\",\n        \"options\": [\n            \"Amasya\",\n            \"Manisa\",\n            \"Trabzon\",\n            \"Kefe\",\n            \"Konya\"\n        ],\n        \"correct\": 3,\n        \"explanation\": \"K\u0131r\u0131m Yar\u0131madas\u0131'ndaki Kefe, Anadolu d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda yer alan tek \u015fehzade sanca\u011f\u0131d\u0131r; di\u011fer \u00f6nemli sancaklar Anadolu'da bulunurdu.\"\n    },\n    {\n        \"question\": \"Haks\u0131z kazan\u00e7 sa\u011flayan veya devlete isyan eden ki\u015finin mal\u0131na devlet\u00e7e el konulmas\u0131 uygulamas\u0131na ne ad verilir?\",\n        \"options\": [\n            \"M\u00fcsadere\",\n            \"\u0130ltizam\",\n            \"Pen\u00e7ik\",\n            \"Dev\u015firme\",\n            \"Malik\u00e2ne\"\n        ],\n        \"correct\": 0,\n        \"explanation\": \"M\u00fcsadere, haks\u0131z kazan\u00e7 sa\u011flayan ya da devlete isyan eden ki\u015finin mal\u0131na el konulmas\u0131d\u0131r; II. Mahmut d\u00f6neminde b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde kald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\"\n    },\n    {\n        \"question\": \"Osmanl\u0131 tarihinde padi\u015fah\u0131n yetkilerinin ilk kez s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 belge hangisidir?\",\n        \"options\": [\n            \"Tanzimat Ferman\u0131\",\n            \"Kanun-i Esasi\",\n            \"Sened-i \u0130ttifak\",\n            \"Islahat Ferman\u0131\",\n            \"Fatih Kanunnamesi\"\n        ],\n        \"correct\": 2,\n        \"explanation\": \"1808'de II. Mahmut ile \u00e2yanlar aras\u0131nda imzalanan Sened-i \u0130ttifak, padi\u015fah\u0131n kendi otoritesi d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bir g\u00fcc\u00fc tan\u0131mas\u0131 ve yetkilerinin ilk kez s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r.\"\n    },\n    {\n        \"question\": \"Hanedan\u0131n en ya\u015fl\u0131 ve en olgun erke\u011finin tahta ge\u00e7mesini \u00f6ng\u00f6ren Ekber ve Er\u015fed Sistemini getiren padi\u015fah kimdir?\",\n        \"options\": [\n            \"Fatih Sultan Mehmet\",\n            \"I. Ahmet\",\n            \"I. Murat\",\n            \"II. Mahmut\",\n            \"III. Mehmet\"\n        ],\n        \"correct\": 1,\n        \"explanation\": \"I. Ahmet d\u00f6neminde getirilen Ekber ve Er\u015fed Sistemi karde\u015f katlini \u00f6nlemi\u015f; ancak \u015fehzadelerin Kafes Usul\u00fcyle tecr\u00fcbesiz yeti\u015fmesine yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\"\n    },\n    {\n        \"question\": \"Topkap\u0131 Saray\u0131'n\u0131n Enderun b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn temel i\u015flevi a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakilerden hangisidir?\",\n        \"options\": [\n            \"Halk\u0131n davalar\u0131na bakmak\",\n            \"Donanman\u0131n ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamak\",\n            \"Saray\u0131n d\u0131\u015f hizmetlerini y\u00fcr\u00fctmek\",\n            \"Padi\u015fah ailesinin \u00f6zel ya\u015fam alan\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturmak\",\n            \"\u00dcst d\u00fczey devlet adam\u0131 yeti\u015ftirmek\"\n        ],\n        \"correct\": 4,\n        \"explanation\": \"Enderun, se\u00e7kin dev\u015firme \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n e\u011fitildi\u011fi ve sadrazaml\u0131\u011fa kadar y\u00fckselebilen asker\u00ee ve m\u00fclk\u00ee y\u00f6neticilerin yeti\u015ftirildi\u011fi saray okuludur.\"\n    },\n    {\n        \"question\": \"Divan-\u0131 H\u00fcmayun'da al\u0131nan h\u00fck\u00fcmlerin kaydedildi\u011fi defterlere ne ad verilir?\",\n        \"options\": [\n            \"Tahrir Defteri\",\n            \"\u015eer'iye Sicili\",\n            \"Ruznam\u00e7e\",\n            \"M\u00fchimme Defteri\",\n            \"Temettuat Defteri\"\n        ],\n        \"correct\": 3,\n        \"explanation\": \"Divanda al\u0131nan kararlara h\u00fck\u00fcm, bu h\u00fck\u00fcmlerin kaydedildi\u011fi resm\u00ee defterlere ise M\u00fchimme Defteri ad\u0131 verilmi\u015ftir.\"\n    },\n    {\n        \"question\": \"Divan-\u0131 H\u00fcmayun'daki Kalemiye s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n temsilcileri hangi se\u00e7enekte do\u011fru verilmi\u015ftir?\",\n        \"options\": [\n            \"Kazasker, kad\u0131 ve m\u00fcderris\",\n            \"Defterdar, ni\u015fanc\u0131 ve reis\u00fclk\u00fcttap\",\n            \"Sadrazam, vezir ve kaptan-\u0131 derya\",\n            \"\u015eeyh\u00fclislam, kazasker ve yeni\u00e7eri a\u011fas\u0131\",\n            \"Beylerbeyi, sancakbeyi ve suba\u015f\u0131\"\n        ],\n        \"correct\": 1,\n        \"explanation\": \"Kalemiye, devletin b\u00fcrokrasi, yaz\u0131\u015fma ve maliye i\u015flerini y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcr; divandaki ba\u015fl\u0131ca temsilcileri defterdar, ni\u015fanc\u0131 ve reis\u00fclk\u00fcttapt\u0131r.\"\n    },\n    {\n        \"question\": \"Padi\u015fah sefere \u00e7\u0131kmad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda orduyu 'Serdar-\u0131 Ekrem' unvan\u0131yla komuta eden g\u00f6revli kimdir?\",\n        \"options\": [\n            \"Kaptan-\u0131 Derya\",\n            \"Kazasker\",\n            \"Ni\u015fanc\u0131\",\n            \"Yeni\u00e7eri A\u011fas\u0131\",\n            \"Sadrazam\"\n        ],\n        \"correct\": 4,\n        \"explanation\": \"Padi\u015fah\u0131n m\u00fchr\u00fcn\u00fc ta\u015f\u0131yan ve mutlak vekili olan sadrazam, h\u00fck\u00fcmdar sefere \u00e7\u0131kmad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda orduya Serdar-\u0131 Ekrem unvan\u0131yla komuta ederdi.\"\n    },\n    {\n        \"question\": \"Medrese hocalar\u0131 ile kad\u0131lar\u0131n atamalar\u0131n\u0131 yapan Divan-\u0131 H\u00fcmayun \u00fcyesi kimdir?\",\n        \"options\": [\n            \"Kazasker\",\n            \"Defterdar\",\n            \"Ni\u015fanc\u0131\",\n            \"Reis\u00fclk\u00fcttap\",\n            \"Kaptan-\u0131 Derya\"\n        ],\n        \"correct\": 0,\n        \"explanation\": \"Kazasker, divandaki b\u00fcy\u00fck davalara bakman\u0131n yan\u0131nda m\u00fcderrislerin ve kad\u0131lar\u0131n atamalar\u0131n\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiren ilmiye mensubudur.\"\n    },\n    {\n        \"question\": \"Ferman ve beratlara padi\u015fah\u0131n tu\u011fras\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ekmek, tahrir kay\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131 tutmak ve dirlik da\u011f\u0131tmak hangi g\u00f6revlinin sorumlulu\u011fudur?\",\n        \"options\": [\n            \"Defterdar\",\n            \"Kazasker\",\n            \"\u015eeyh\u00fclislam\",\n            \"Ni\u015fanc\u0131\",\n            \"Sadrazam\"\n        ],\n        \"correct\": 3,\n        \"explanation\": \"Ni\u015fanc\u0131, padi\u015fah\u0131n tu\u011fras\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7eker; yeni fethedilen yerleri Tahrir Defterlerine kaydeder ve dirliklerin da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcrd\u00fc.\"\n    },\n    {\n        \"question\": \"\u015eeyh\u00fclislam\u0131n bir karar\u0131n \u0130slam dinine uygunlu\u011funu g\u00f6steren din\u00ee onay belgesine ne ad verilir?\",\n        \"options\": [\n            \"Berat\",\n            \"Ferman\",\n            \"Fetva\",\n            \"H\u00fck\u00fcm\",\n            \"Vakfiye\"\n        ],\n        \"correct\": 2,\n        \"explanation\": \"\u0130lmiye s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131 olan \u015feyh\u00fclislam\u0131n din\u00ee konulardaki g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f ve onay belgesine fetva denir; kendisi divan\u0131n s\u00fcrekli oy veren \u00fcyesi de\u011fildir.\"\n    },\n    {\n        \"question\": \"XVII. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan itibaren Osmanl\u0131 d\u0131\u015f ili\u015fkilerinden sorumlu h\u00e2le gelen Divan-\u0131 H\u00fcmayun g\u00f6revlisi kimdir?\",\n        \"options\": [\n            \"Kazasker\",\n            \"Defterdar\",\n            \"Ni\u015fanc\u0131\",\n            \"Kaptan-\u0131 Derya\",\n            \"Reis\u00fclk\u00fcttap\"\n        ],\n        \"correct\": 4,\n        \"explanation\": \"Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta ni\u015fanc\u0131ya ba\u011fl\u0131 k\u00e2tiplerin \u015fefi olan reis\u00fclk\u00fcttap, diplomatik ili\u015fkiler geli\u015ftik\u00e7e d\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri bakan\u0131 konumuna y\u00fckselmi\u015ftir.\"\n    },\n    {\n        \"question\": \"Klasik Osmanl\u0131 ta\u015fra te\u015fkilat\u0131n\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck idari birimi ve y\u00f6neticisi hangi se\u00e7enekte do\u011fru verilmi\u015ftir?\",\n        \"options\": [\n            \"Sancak - Sancakbeyi\",\n            \"Eyalet - Beylerbeyi\",\n            \"Kaza - Kad\u0131\",\n            \"Nahiye - Nahiye M\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc\",\n            \"K\u00f6y - Keth\u00fcda\"\n        ],\n        \"correct\": 1,\n        \"explanation\": \"Klasik ta\u015fra te\u015fkilat\u0131nda en b\u00fcy\u00fck birim eyalettir; padi\u015fah ad\u0131na eyaleti y\u00f6neten, t\u0131mar ve g\u00fcvenlik i\u015flerini y\u00fcr\u00fcten g\u00f6revli beylerbeyidir.\"\n    },\n    {\n        \"question\": \"1864 Vilayet Nizamnamesi'ne g\u00f6re idari birimlerin b\u00fcy\u00fckten k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fc\u011fe s\u0131ralan\u0131\u015f\u0131 hangisidir?\",\n        \"options\": [\n            \"Vilayet - kaza - sancak - nahiye - k\u00f6y\",\n            \"Sancak - vilayet - kaza - k\u00f6y - nahiye\",\n            \"Vilayet - sancak - kaza - nahiye - k\u00f6y\",\n            \"Eyalet - sancak - nahiye - kaza - k\u00f6y\",\n            \"Vilayet - nahiye - sancak - kaza - k\u00f6y\"\n        ],\n        \"correct\": 2,\n        \"explanation\": \"1864 d\u00fczenlemesi ta\u015fray\u0131 vilayet, sancak, kaza, nahiye ve k\u00f6y bi\u00e7iminde kademelendirmi\u015f; y\u00f6neticileri s\u0131ras\u0131yla vali, mutasarr\u0131f, kaymakam, nahiye m\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc ve muhtar olmu\u015ftur.\"\n    },\n    {\n        \"question\": \"Saly\u00e2neli eyaletlerin temel \u00f6zelli\u011fi a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakilerden hangisidir?\",\n        \"options\": [\n            \"Merkeze yak\u0131n olmalar\u0131 ve t\u0131mar sisteminin uygulanmas\u0131\",\n            \"Vergi vermeyip yaln\u0131z asker g\u00f6ndermeleri\",\n            \"\u0130\u00e7i\u015flerinde tamamen ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olmalar\u0131\",\n            \"Vergilerinin iltizamla nakit toplanarak hazineye g\u00f6nderilmesi\",\n            \"Gelirlerinin yaln\u0131z vak\u0131flara ayr\u0131lmas\u0131\"\n        ],\n        \"correct\": 3,\n        \"explanation\": \"Merkezden uzak saly\u00e2neli eyaletlerde t\u0131mar uygulanmaz; vergiler iltizam sistemiyle pe\u015fin ve nakit olarak toplan\u0131p devlet hazinesine g\u00f6nderilirdi.\"\n    },\n    {\n        \"question\": \"\u0130mtiyazl\u0131 eyaletlerden Hicaz'\u0131n Osmanl\u0131 sistemindeki \u00f6zel durumu nedir?\",\n        \"options\": [\n            \"Kutsal topraklar oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in vergi ve asker vermezdi.\",\n            \"Vergi verir, asker g\u00f6ndermezdi.\",\n            \"Vergi vermez, yaln\u0131z donanma g\u00f6nderirdi.\",\n            \"T\u0131mar sistemiyle do\u011frudan merkezden y\u00f6netilirdi.\",\n            \"Y\u00f6neticisini halk se\u00e7erdi.\"\n        ],\n        \"correct\": 0,\n        \"explanation\": \"Mekke ve Medine'yi kapsayan Hicaz, kutsal topraklar olmas\u0131 nedeniyle ayr\u0131cal\u0131\u011f\u0131 en geni\u015f eyaletti; merkeze ne vergi verir ne de asker g\u00f6nderirdi.\"\n    },\n    {\n        \"question\": \"Eski T\u00fcrk gelenekleri ile padi\u015fah emirlerine dayanan Osmanl\u0131 hukukuna ne ad verilir?\",\n        \"options\": [\n            \"\u015eer'i hukuk\",\n            \"\u00d6rfi hukuk\",\n            \"Konsolosluk hukuku\",\n            \"Cemaat hukuku\",\n            \"Nizamiye hukuku\"\n        ],\n        \"correct\": 1,\n        \"explanation\": \"\u00d6rfi hukuk, eski T\u00fcrk devlet geleneklerinden gelen ve \u0130slam hukukuna ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmamak \u015fart\u0131yla padi\u015fah emirleriyle \u015fekillenen kurallard\u0131r.\"\n    },\n    {\n        \"question\": \"\u00c7ar\u015f\u0131 ve pazarda fiyatlar\u0131 belirleyen narh uygulamas\u0131n\u0131 denetleme g\u00f6revi bulunan ta\u015fra g\u00f6revlisi kimdir?\",\n        \"options\": [\n            \"Ni\u015fanc\u0131\",\n            \"Defterdar\",\n            \"Beylerbeyi\",\n            \"Reis\u00fclk\u00fcttap\",\n            \"Kad\u0131\"\n        ],\n        \"correct\": 4,\n        \"explanation\": \"Kad\u0131, adli ve idari g\u00f6revlerinin yan\u0131nda esnaf ile loncalar\u0131 ve \u00e7ar\u015f\u0131-pazar fiyatlar\u0131n\u0131 denetler; narh kontrol\u00fcn\u00fc kendisine ba\u011fl\u0131 muhtesiple y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcrd\u00fc.\"\n    },\n    {\n        \"question\": \"Mecelle'de a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki hukuk alanlar\u0131ndan hangisi yer almam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r?\",\n        \"options\": [\n            \"Bor\u00e7lar hukuku\",\n            \"E\u015fya hukuku\",\n            \"Aile hukuku\",\n            \"Yarg\u0131lama hukuku\",\n            \"Medeni ili\u015fkiler\"\n        ],\n        \"correct\": 2,\n        \"explanation\": \"Ahmet Cevdet Pa\u015fa ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda haz\u0131rlanan Mecelle bor\u00e7lar, e\u015fya ve yarg\u0131lama hukukunu d\u00fczenlemi\u015f; evlenme ve bo\u015fanma gibi aile hukuku konular\u0131n\u0131 kapsamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\"\n    },\n    {\n        \"question\": \"Osmanl\u0131 Devleti'nin Orhan Bey d\u00f6neminde kurulan ilk d\u00fczenli asker\u00ee birlikleri hangileridir?\",\n        \"options\": [\n            \"Yeni\u00e7eri ve Cebeci\",\n            \"Ak\u0131nc\u0131 ve Azap\",\n            \"Sipahi ve Silahtar\",\n            \"Yaya ve M\u00fcsellem\",\n            \"Humbarac\u0131 ve La\u011f\u0131mc\u0131\"\n        ],\n        \"correct\": 3,\n        \"explanation\": \"Osmanl\u0131 Devleti'nin ilk d\u00fczenli ordusu Orhan Bey d\u00f6neminde olu\u015fturulan yaya askerlerden Yayalar ile atl\u0131 birliklerden M\u00fcsellemlerdir.\"\n    },\n    {\n        \"question\": \"Rumeli'deki Hristiyan \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n al\u0131narak T\u00fcrk-\u0130slam terbiyesiyle yeti\u015ftirildi\u011fi Dev\u015firme Sistemini kanunla\u015ft\u0131ran padi\u015fah kimdir?\",\n        \"options\": [\n            \"II. Murat\",\n            \"I. Murat\",\n            \"Orhan Bey\",\n            \"Fatih Sultan Mehmet\",\n            \"I. Mehmet\"\n        ],\n        \"correct\": 0,\n        \"explanation\": \"Dev\u015firme d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi I. Mehmet d\u00f6neminde ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f, II. Murat d\u00f6neminde kanunla\u015farak kap\u0131kulu ordusu ve Enderun i\u00e7in insan kayna\u011f\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\"\n    },\n    {\n        \"question\": \"Kap\u0131kulu askerlerinin devlet hazinesinden \u00fc\u00e7 ayda bir ald\u0131klar\u0131 nakit maa\u015fa ne ad verilirdi?\",\n        \"options\": [\n            \"Dirlik\",\n            \"Ulufe\",\n            \"C\u00fclus\",\n            \"Avar\u0131z\",\n            \"Esham\"\n        ],\n        \"correct\": 1,\n        \"explanation\": \"Kap\u0131kulu askerlerine hazineden \u00fc\u00e7 ayda bir ulufe ad\u0131yla maa\u015f \u00f6denir; h\u00fck\u00fcmdar de\u011fi\u015fikliklerinde ayr\u0131ca c\u00fclus bah\u015fi\u015fi verilirdi.\"\n    },\n    {\n        \"question\": \"Kap\u0131kulu ordusunda silahlar\u0131n yap\u0131m, bak\u0131m ve onar\u0131m\u0131ndan sorumlu teknik asker\u00ee s\u0131n\u0131f hangisidir?\",\n        \"options\": [\n            \"Humbarac\u0131lar\",\n            \"La\u011f\u0131mc\u0131lar\",\n            \"Cebeciler\",\n            \"Top Arabac\u0131lar\u0131\",\n            \"Bostanc\u0131lar\"\n        ],\n        \"correct\": 2,\n        \"explanation\": \"Cebeciler, ordunun silah ve cephanesinin yap\u0131m, bak\u0131m ve onar\u0131m\u0131ndan sorumlu kap\u0131kulu piyade s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131d\u0131r.\"\n    },\n    {\n        \"question\": \"T\u0131mar sahibinin toplad\u0131\u011f\u0131 vergi gelirleriyle yeti\u015ftirip sava\u015f zaman\u0131 orduya getirdi\u011fi atl\u0131 askere ne ad verilir?\",\n        \"options\": [\n            \"Levent\",\n            \"Azap\",\n            \"M\u00fcsellem\",\n            \"Cebel\u00fc\",\n            \"Be\u015fli\"\n        ],\n        \"correct\": 3,\n        \"explanation\": \"T\u0131marl\u0131 sipahi, kendisine b\u0131rak\u0131lan vergi gelirleriyle Cebel\u00fc ad\u0131 verilen tam te\u00e7hizatl\u0131 atl\u0131 askerleri yeti\u015ftirip sava\u015fta orduya katard\u0131.\"\n    },\n    {\n        \"question\": \"Osmanl\u0131 donanmas\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fkomutan\u0131 ile deniz askerine verilen adlar hangi se\u00e7enekte do\u011fru e\u015fle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir?\",\n        \"options\": [\n            \"Serdar-\u0131 Ekrem - Azap\",\n            \"Beylerbeyi - Ak\u0131nc\u0131\",\n            \"Yeni\u00e7eri A\u011fas\u0131 - Cebeci\",\n            \"Reis\u00fclk\u00fcttap - Mekkari\",\n            \"Kaptan-\u0131 Derya - Levent\"\n        ],\n        \"correct\": 4,\n        \"explanation\": \"Osmanl\u0131 donanmas\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fkomutan\u0131na Kaptan-\u0131 Derya, donanmada g\u00f6rev yapan deniz askerlerine ise Levent ad\u0131 verilmi\u015ftir.\"\n    },\n    {\n        \"question\": \"Osmanl\u0131 Millet Sisteminde topluluklar\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131nda temel al\u0131nan \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fct nedir?\",\n        \"options\": [\n            \"Din ve mezhep\",\n            \"Irk ve soy\",\n            \"Konu\u015fulan dil\",\n            \"Ya\u015fan\u0131lan b\u00f6lge\",\n            \"Ekonomik g\u00fc\u00e7\"\n        ],\n        \"correct\": 0,\n        \"explanation\": \"Millet Sistemi topluluklar\u0131 \u0131rk veya dile g\u00f6re de\u011fil din ve mezhep esas\u0131na g\u00f6re s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rm\u0131\u015f; farkl\u0131 inan\u00e7 gruplar\u0131n\u0131n kimliklerini korumas\u0131na imk\u00e2n vermi\u015ftir.\"\n    },\n    {\n        \"question\": \"Bir vakf\u0131n gelirlerinin nerelere ve nas\u0131l harcanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steren kurallar belgesine ne ad verilir?\",\n        \"options\": [\n            \"Ferman\",\n            \"Berat\",\n            \"Vakfiye\",\n            \"M\u00fchimme\",\n            \"Tahrir\"\n        ],\n        \"correct\": 2,\n        \"explanation\": \"Vakfiye, vakf\u0131n kurulu\u015f amac\u0131n\u0131, gelir kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 ve bu gelirlerin hangi hizmetlere ne \u015fekilde harcanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirleyen belgedir.\"\n    },\n    {\n        \"question\": \"M\u00fclkiyeti devlete ait olan, halka i\u015fletilmek \u00fczere verilen ve klasik yap\u0131da sat\u0131l\u0131p miras b\u0131rak\u0131lamayan arazi t\u00fcr\u00fc hangisidir?\",\n        \"options\": [\n            \"Miri arazi\",\n            \"M\u00fclk arazi\",\n            \"Vak\u0131f arazi\",\n            \"\u00d6\u015fri arazi\",\n            \"Haraci arazi\"\n        ],\n        \"correct\": 0,\n        \"explanation\": \"Miri arazinin m\u00fclkiyeti devlete aittir; toprak halka yaln\u0131z i\u015fletme hakk\u0131yla verilir ve klasik sistemde sat\u0131lamaz veya miras b\u0131rak\u0131lamazd\u0131.\"\n    },\n    {\n        \"question\": \"Topra\u011f\u0131n\u0131 mazeretsiz olarak \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131l \u00fcst \u00fcste bo\u015f b\u0131rakan k\u00f6yl\u00fcden al\u0131nan ceza vergisi hangisidir?\",\n        \"options\": [\n            \"\u00c7ift resmi\",\n            \"Avar\u0131z\",\n            \"\u0130spen\u00e7\",\n            \"A\u011fnam\",\n            \"\u00c7iftbozan\"\n        ],\n        \"correct\": 4,\n        \"explanation\": \"Tar\u0131msal \u00fcretimin s\u00fcreklili\u011fini korumak amac\u0131yla topra\u011f\u0131n\u0131 izinsiz bi\u00e7imde \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131l ekmeyen k\u00f6yl\u00fcden \u00c7iftbozan ad\u0131 verilen a\u011f\u0131r ceza vergisi al\u0131n\u0131rd\u0131.\"\n    },\n    {\n        \"question\": \"Devletin ve loncalar\u0131n \u00fcr\u00fcnler i\u00e7in tavan ve taban sat\u0131\u015f fiyat\u0131 belirlemesine ne ad verilir?\",\n        \"options\": [\n            \"Gedik\",\n            \"Narh\",\n            \"Kapan\",\n            \"\u0130ltizam\",\n            \"Menzil\"\n        ],\n        \"correct\": 1,\n        \"explanation\": \"Narh uygulamas\u0131yla \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin sat\u0131labilece\u011fi en y\u00fcksek ve en d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck fiyat belirlenmi\u015f; a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 k\u00e2r, karaborsac\u0131l\u0131k ve t\u00fcketicinin zarar g\u00f6rmesi \u00f6nlenmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\"\n    },\n    {\n        \"question\": \"Gayrim\u00fcslim erkeklerden askerlik yapmamalar\u0131 ve devlet korumas\u0131ndan yararlanmalar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda al\u0131nan ba\u015f vergisi hangisidir?\",\n        \"options\": [\n            \"Hara\u00e7\",\n            \"\u0130spen\u00e7\",\n            \"A\u011fnam\",\n            \"Cizye\",\n            \"Bac\"\n        ],\n        \"correct\": 3,\n        \"explanation\": \"Cizye, askerlik yapmayan ve can-mal g\u00fcvenli\u011fi devlet\u00e7e sa\u011flanan gayrim\u00fcslim erkeklerden al\u0131nan y\u0131ll\u0131k ba\u015f vergisidir; kad\u0131n, \u00e7ocuk, ya\u015fl\u0131 ve din adamlar\u0131ndan al\u0131nmazd\u0131.\"\n    },\n    {\n        \"question\": \"\u0130lk Osmanl\u0131 medresesi, kurucusu ve ilk m\u00fcderrisi hangi se\u00e7enekte do\u011fru verilmi\u015ftir?\",\n        \"options\": [\n            \"\u0130znik Orhaniyesi - Orhan Bey - D\u00e2v\u00fbd-i Kayser\u00ee\",\n            \"Sahn-\u0131 Seman - Fatih - Ali Ku\u015f\u00e7u\",\n            \"S\u00fcleymaniye - Kanuni - Ebussuud Efendi\",\n            \"\u0130znik Orhaniyesi - I. Murat - Kad\u0131z\u00e2de-i R\u00fbm\u00ee\",\n            \"Tetimme - Fatih - Ak\u015femseddin\"\n        ],\n        \"correct\": 0,\n        \"explanation\": \"\u0130lk Osmanl\u0131 medresesi Orhan Bey taraf\u0131ndan \u0130znik'te kurulmu\u015f ve ilk m\u00fcderris olarak D\u00e2v\u00fbd-i Kayser\u00ee g\u00f6revlendirilmi\u015ftir.\"\n    },\n    {\n        \"question\": \"Fatih d\u00f6neminde a\u00e7\u0131lan, akl\u00ee ve nakl\u00ee ilimlerin birlikte okutuldu\u011fu y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretim kurumu hangisidir?\",\n        \"options\": [\n            \"S\u00fcleymaniye Medresesi\",\n            \"Enderun\",\n            \"Sahn-\u0131 Seman Medresesi\",\n            \"Dar\u00fclf\u00fcnun\",\n            \"Hendesehane\"\n        ],\n        \"correct\": 2,\n        \"explanation\": \"Fatih Sultan Mehmet'in kurdu\u011fu Sahn-\u0131 Seman Medreseleri, pozitif ve din\u00ee ilimleri birlikte okutarak klasik Osmanl\u0131 y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretimini zirveye ta\u015f\u0131m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\"\n    },\n    {\n        \"question\": \"Kitab-\u0131 Bahriye adl\u0131 denizcilik ve co\u011frafya eserinin yazar\u0131 kimdir?\",\n        \"options\": [\n            \"Seydi Ali Reis\",\n            \"Piri Reis\",\n            \"K\u00e2tip \u00c7elebi\",\n            \"Takiy\u00fcddin\",\n            \"Matrak\u00e7\u0131 Nasuh\"\n        ],\n        \"correct\": 1,\n        \"explanation\": \"D\u00fcnyaca \u00fcnl\u00fc denizci ve co\u011frafyac\u0131 Piri Reis'in en \u00f6nemli eseri Kitab-\u0131 Bahriye'dir; eser deniz rotalar\u0131, k\u0131y\u0131lar ve limanlar hakk\u0131nda bilgi verir.\"\n    },\n    {\n        \"question\": \"Mimar Sinan'\u0131n \u00e7\u0131rakl\u0131k, kalfal\u0131k ve ustal\u0131k eserleri s\u0131ras\u0131yla hangi se\u00e7enekte verilmi\u015ftir?\",\n        \"options\": [\n            \"S\u00fcleymaniye - \u015eehzade - Selimiye\",\n            \"Selimiye - S\u00fcleymaniye - \u015eehzade\",\n            \"\u015eehzade - Selimiye - S\u00fcleymaniye\",\n            \"Nuruosmaniye - \u015eehzade - Selimiye\",\n            \"\u015eehzade - S\u00fcleymaniye - Selimiye\"\n        ],\n        \"correct\": 4,\n        \"explanation\": \"Mimar Sinan, \u015eehzade Camii'ni \u00e7\u0131rakl\u0131k, S\u00fcleymaniye Camii'ni kalfal\u0131k ve Edirne'deki Selimiye Camii'ni ustal\u0131k eseri olarak nitelendirmi\u015ftir.\"\n    },\n    {\n        \"question\": \"Derinlik, \u0131\u015f\u0131k ve g\u00f6lge perspektifinin kullan\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Osmanl\u0131 resim sanat\u0131yla u\u011fra\u015fan sanat\u00e7\u0131ya ne ad verilir?\",\n        \"options\": [\n            \"Hattat\",\n            \"M\u00fczehhip\",\n            \"Musavvir\",\n            \"Nakka\u015f\",\n            \"Mimar\"\n        ],\n        \"correct\": 3,\n        \"explanation\": \"Perspektif, \u0131\u015f\u0131k ve g\u00f6lgenin kullan\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 minyat\u00fcr sanat\u0131n\u0131 icra eden sanat\u00e7\u0131lara Nakka\u015f ad\u0131 verilirdi; Matrak\u00e7\u0131 Nasuh ve Nakka\u015f Osman \u00f6nemli temsilcilerdir.\"\n    }\n];\n\n  const main = root.querySelector(\"#tkquiz-main\");\n  const progressWrap = root.querySelector(\"#tkquiz-progress-wrap\");\n  const progressText = root.querySelector(\"#tkquiz-progress-text\");\n  const modeText = root.querySelector(\"#tkquiz-mode-text\");\n  const progressBar = root.querySelector(\"#tkquiz-progress-bar\");\n  const progress = root.querySelector(\".tkquiz-progress\");\n  const live = root.querySelector(\"#tkquiz-live\");\n\n  let mode = \"main\";\n  let current = 0;\n  let activeQuestions = questionBank.map(function (_, index) { return index; });\n  let mainAnswers = questionBank.map(blankAnswer);\n  let retryAnswers = [];\n  let firstResult = null;\n  let initialWrongCount = 0;\n  let retryRound = 0;\n\n  function blankAnswer() {\n    return { selected: null, locked: false, explanationOpen: false };\n  }\n\n  function getAnswers() {\n    return mode === \"main\" ? mainAnswers : retryAnswers;\n  }\n\n  function escapeHtml(value) {\n    return String(value)\n      .replace(\/&\/g, \"&amp;\")\n      .replace(\/<\/g, \"&lt;\")\n      .replace(\/>\/g, \"&gt;\")\n      .replace(\/\\\"\/g, \"&quot;\")\n      .replace(\/'\/g, \"&#039;\");\n  }\n\n  function optionLabel(question, optionIndex) {\n    return letters[optionIndex] + \") \" + question.options[optionIndex];\n  }\n\n  function announce(message) {\n    live.textContent = \"\";\n    window.setTimeout(function () { live.textContent = message; }, 20);\n  }\n\n  function updateProgress() {\n    const total = activeQuestions.length;\n    const percent = total ? Math.round(((current + 1) \/ total) * 100) : 0;\n    progressText.textContent = (mode === \"main\" ? \"Soru \" : \"Tekrar \") + (current + 1) + \" \/ \" + total;\n    modeText.textContent = mode === \"main\" ? \"Ana test\" : \"Yanl\u0131\u015flar\u0131 tekrar \u00e7\u00f6z \u2022 Tur \" + retryRound;\n    progressBar.style.width = percent + \"%\";\n    progress.setAttribute(\"aria-valuenow\", String(percent));\n  }\n\n  function renderQuestion(shouldFocus) {\n    progressWrap.hidden = false;\n    updateProgress();\n\n    const questionIndex = activeQuestions[current];\n    const question = questionBank[questionIndex];\n    const answers = getAnswers();\n    const answer = answers[current];\n\n    const optionsHtml = question.options.map(function (option, optionIndex) {\n      const isCorrect = answer.locked && optionIndex === question.correct;\n      const isWrong = answer.locked && answer.selected === optionIndex && optionIndex !== question.correct;\n      let stateText = \"\";\n      if (isCorrect) stateText = \"Do\u011fru cevap\";\n      if (isWrong) stateText = \"Se\u00e7iminiz\";\n      const classes = [\"tkquiz-option\"];\n      if (isCorrect) classes.push(\"is-correct\");\n      if (isWrong) classes.push(\"is-wrong\");\n\n      return \"<button type=\\\"button\\\" class=\\\"\" + classes.join(\" \") + \"\\\" data-option=\\\"\" + optionIndex + \"\\\"\" +\n        (answer.locked ? \" disabled\" : \"\") + \" aria-label=\\\"\" + escapeHtml(letters[optionIndex] + \" se\u00e7ene\u011fi: \" + option) + \"\\\">\" +\n        \"<span class=\\\"tkquiz-option-letter\\\" aria-hidden=\\\"true\\\">\" + letters[optionIndex] + \"<\/span>\" +\n        \"<span class=\\\"tkquiz-option-text\\\">\" + escapeHtml(option) + \"<\/span>\" +\n        \"<span class=\\\"tkquiz-option-state\\\">\" + stateText + \"<\/span>\" +\n        \"<\/button>\";\n    }).join(\"\");\n\n    let feedbackHtml = \"\";\n    if (answer.locked) {\n      const isCorrect = answer.selected === question.correct;\n      const feedbackText = isCorrect\n        ? \"Do\u011fru\"\n        : \"Yanl\u0131\u015f. Do\u011fru cevap: \" + optionLabel(question, question.correct);\n      feedbackHtml =\n        \"<div class=\\\"tkquiz-feedback \" + (isCorrect ? \"is-correct\" : \"is-wrong\") + \"\\\" role=\\\"status\\\">\" + escapeHtml(feedbackText) + \"<\/div>\" +\n        \"<div class=\\\"tkquiz-explanation-actions\\\">\" +\n        \"<button type=\\\"button\\\" class=\\\"tkquiz-button is-secondary\\\" id=\\\"tkquiz-explanation-toggle\\\" aria-expanded=\\\"\" + String(answer.explanationOpen) + \"\\\" aria-controls=\\\"tkquiz-explanation\\\">\" +\n        (answer.explanationOpen ? \"A\u00e7\u0131klamay\u0131 Kapat\" : \"Cevab\u0131 A\u00e7\u0131kla\") +\n        \"<\/button><\/div>\" +\n        (answer.explanationOpen\n          ? \"<div id=\\\"tkquiz-explanation\\\" class=\\\"tkquiz-explanation\\\"><strong>Cevap A\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131<\/strong>\" + escapeHtml(question.explanation) + \"<\/div>\"\n          : \"\");\n    }\n\n    const nextText = current === activeQuestions.length - 1 ? \"Testi Bitir ve Sonucu G\u00f6r\" : \"Sonraki Soru\";\n    main.innerHTML =\n      \"<section class=\\\"tkquiz-question-card\\\">\" +\n      \"<span class=\\\"tkquiz-question-number\\\">\" + (mode === \"main\" ? \"Soru \" + (current + 1) : \"Tekrar sorusu \" + (current + 1)) + \"<\/span>\" +\n      \"<h3 id=\\\"tkquiz-question-title\\\" class=\\\"tkquiz-question\\\" tabindex=\\\"-1\\\">\" + escapeHtml(question.question) + \"<\/h3>\" +\n      \"<div class=\\\"tkquiz-options\\\" aria-label=\\\"Cevap se\u00e7enekleri\\\">\" + optionsHtml + \"<\/div>\" +\n      feedbackHtml +\n      \"<\/section>\" +\n      \"<nav class=\\\"tkquiz-nav\\\" aria-label=\\\"Soru gezinme d\u00fc\u011fmeleri\\\">\" +\n      \"<button type=\\\"button\\\" class=\\\"tkquiz-button is-secondary\\\" id=\\\"tkquiz-prev\\\"\" + (current === 0 ? \" disabled\" : \"\") + \">\u00d6nceki Soru<\/button>\" +\n      \"<button type=\\\"button\\\" class=\\\"tkquiz-button\\\" id=\\\"tkquiz-next\\\">\" + nextText + \"<\/button>\" +\n      \"<\/nav>\";\n\n    main.querySelectorAll(\"[data-option]\").forEach(function (button) {\n      button.addEventListener(\"click\", function () {\n        selectAnswer(Number(button.getAttribute(\"data-option\")));\n      });\n    });\n\n    const explanationToggle = main.querySelector(\"#tkquiz-explanation-toggle\");\n    if (explanationToggle) {\n      explanationToggle.addEventListener(\"click\", toggleExplanation);\n    }\n\n    main.querySelector(\"#tkquiz-prev\").addEventListener(\"click\", function () {\n      if (current > 0) {\n        current -= 1;\n        renderQuestion(true);\n      }\n    });\n\n    main.querySelector(\"#tkquiz-next\").addEventListener(\"click\", function () {\n      if (current < activeQuestions.length - 1) {\n        current += 1;\n        renderQuestion(true);\n      } else if (mode === \"main\") {\n        finishMainTest();\n      } else {\n        finishRetryTest();\n      }\n    });\n\n    if (shouldFocus) {\n      const title = main.querySelector(\"#tkquiz-question-title\");\n      if (title) title.focus();\n    }\n  }\n\n  function selectAnswer(optionIndex) {\n    const answers = getAnswers();\n    const answer = answers[current];\n    if (answer.locked) return;\n\n    answer.selected = optionIndex;\n    answer.locked = true;\n    answer.explanationOpen = false;\n\n    const question = questionBank[activeQuestions[current]];\n    announce(optionIndex === question.correct ? \"Do\u011fru cevap.\" : \"Yanl\u0131\u015f cevap. Do\u011fru se\u00e7enek g\u00f6sterildi.\");\n    renderQuestion(false);\n  }\n\n  function toggleExplanation() {\n    const answers = getAnswers();\n    answers[current].explanationOpen = !answers[current].explanationOpen;\n    renderQuestion(false);\n    const toggle = main.querySelector(\"#tkquiz-explanation-toggle\");\n    if (toggle) toggle.focus();\n  }\n\n  function calculateResult(indices, answers) {\n    let correct = 0;\n    let wrong = 0;\n    let blank = 0;\n    answers.forEach(function (answer, position) {\n      if (!answer.locked || answer.selected === null) {\n        blank += 1;\n      } else if (answer.selected === questionBank[indices[position]].correct) {\n        correct += 1;\n      } else {\n        wrong += 1;\n      }\n    });\n    return {\n      total: indices.length,\n      correct: correct,\n      wrong: wrong,\n      blank: blank,\n      percentage: indices.length ? Math.round((correct \/ indices.length) * 100) : 0\n    };\n  }\n\n  function finishMainTest() {\n    firstResult = calculateResult(activeQuestions, mainAnswers);\n    initialWrongCount = firstResult.wrong;\n    renderMainResult(true);\n  }\n\n  function resultMessage(percentage) {\n    if (percentage < 50) {\n      return {\n        title: \"Konuyu Bir Kez Daha Tekrar Etmelisin\",\n        text: \"Baz\u0131 temel bilgileri yeniden g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irmen yararl\u0131 olacakt\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle yanl\u0131\u015f yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n sorular\u0131 tekrar \u00e7\u00f6zerek eksiklerini daha kolay fark edebilirsin.\"\n      };\n    }\n    if (percentage < 70) {\n      return {\n        title: \"Temel Bilgiler Var, Biraz Daha Peki\u015ftirelim\",\n        text: \"Konunun \u00f6nemli bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc biliyorsun; ancak baz\u0131 noktalar\u0131n peki\u015fmesi gerekiyor. Yanl\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 yeniden \u00e7\u00f6zerek ba\u015far\u0131 oran\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fckseltebilirsin.\"\n      };\n    }\n    if (percentage < 85) {\n      return {\n        title: \"\u0130yi Gidiyorsun\",\n        text: \"Konunun b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne h\u00e2kimsin. Yanl\u0131\u015f yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n birka\u00e7 noktay\u0131 tekrar ederek s\u0131nav i\u00e7in daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir seviyeye ula\u015fabilirsin.\"\n      };\n    }\n    return {\n      title: \"Konuya H\u00e2kimiyetin \u00c7ok \u0130yi\",\n      text: \"Konunun temel ve ay\u0131rt edici noktalar\u0131n\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde kavram\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyorsun. Yanl\u0131\u015f\u0131n varsa onlar\u0131 da tekrar ederek konuyu tamamlayabilirsin.\"\n    };\n  }\n\n  function statCard(label, value) {\n    return \"<div class=\\\"tkquiz-stat\\\"><span class=\\\"tkquiz-stat-value\\\">\" + value + \"<\/span><span class=\\\"tkquiz-stat-label\\\">\" + label + \"<\/span><\/div>\";\n  }\n\n  function reviewTable() {\n    const rows = questionBank.map(function (question, index) {\n      const answer = mainAnswers[index];\n      const isBlank = !answer.locked || answer.selected === null;\n      const isCorrect = !isBlank && answer.selected === question.correct;\n      const status = isBlank ? \"Bo\u015f\" : (isCorrect ? \"Do\u011fru\" : \"Yanl\u0131\u015f\");\n      const statusClass = isBlank ? \"is-blank\" : (isCorrect ? \"is-correct\" : \"is-wrong\");\n      const selected = isBlank ? \"Bo\u015f\" : optionLabel(question, answer.selected);\n      const correct = optionLabel(question, question.correct);\n      return \"<tr>\" +\n        \"<td data-label=\\\"Soru\\\">\" + (index + 1) + \"<\/td>\" +\n        \"<td data-label=\\\"Verilen cevap\\\">\" + escapeHtml(selected) + \"<\/td>\" +\n        \"<td data-label=\\\"Do\u011fru cevap\\\">\" + escapeHtml(correct) + \"<\/td>\" +\n        \"<td data-label=\\\"Durum\\\"><span class=\\\"tkquiz-status \" + statusClass + \"\\\">\" + status + \"<\/span><\/td>\" +\n        \"<\/tr>\";\n    }).join(\"\");\n\n    return \"<h3 class=\\\"tkquiz-review-title\\\">Cevap D\u00f6k\u00fcm\u00fc<\/h3>\" +\n      \"<table class=\\\"tkquiz-results-table\\\">\" +\n      \"<thead><tr><th>Soru<\/th><th>Verilen cevap<\/th><th>Do\u011fru cevap<\/th><th>Durum<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\" +\n      \"<tbody>\" + rows + \"<\/tbody><\/table>\";\n  }\n\n  function renderMainResult(shouldFocus) {\n    mode = \"main-result\";\n    progressWrap.hidden = true;\n    const result = firstResult || calculateResult(questionBank.map(function (_, index) { return index; }), mainAnswers);\n    firstResult = result;\n    const message = resultMessage(result.percentage);\n    const wrongButton = result.wrong > 0\n      ? \"<button type=\\\"button\\\" class=\\\"tkquiz-button is-accent\\\" id=\\\"tkquiz-retry-wrong\\\">Yanl\u0131\u015flar\u0131 Tekrar \u00c7\u00f6z<\/button>\"\n      : \"\";\n    const noWrong = result.wrong === 0\n      ? \"<div class=\\\"tkquiz-message\\\"><h3>Yanl\u0131\u015f cevaplanan soru bulunmuyor.<\/h3><p>\u0130stersen testi ba\u015ftan \u00e7\u00f6zerek bilgini yeniden kontrol edebilirsin.<\/p><\/div>\"\n      : \"\";\n\n    main.innerHTML =\n      \"<section aria-labelledby=\\\"tkquiz-result-title\\\">\" +\n      \"<h2 id=\\\"tkquiz-result-title\\\" class=\\\"tkquiz-result-heading\\\" tabindex=\\\"-1\\\">Test Sonucun<\/h2>\" +\n      \"<p class=\\\"tkquiz-result-lead\\\">\u0130lk deneme sonucun korunur; yanl\u0131\u015flar\u0131 tekrar \u00e7\u00f6zmen bu puan\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirmez.<\/p>\" +\n      \"<div class=\\\"tkquiz-stat-grid\\\">\" +\n      statCard(\"Toplam soru\", result.total) +\n      statCard(\"Do\u011fru\", result.correct) +\n      statCard(\"Yanl\u0131\u015f\", result.wrong) +\n      statCard(\"Bo\u015f\", result.blank) +\n      statCard(\"Ba\u015far\u0131\", \"%\" + result.percentage) +\n      \"<\/div>\" +\n      \"<div class=\\\"tkquiz-message\\\"><h3>\" + escapeHtml(message.title) + \"<\/h3><p>\" + escapeHtml(message.text) + \"<\/p><\/div>\" +\n      noWrong +\n      reviewTable() +\n      \"<div class=\\\"tkquiz-result-actions\\\">\" + wrongButton +\n      \"<button type=\\\"button\\\" class=\\\"tkquiz-button is-secondary\\\" id=\\\"tkquiz-restart\\\">Testi Ba\u015ftan \u00c7\u00f6z<\/button>\" +\n      \"<\/div><\/section>\";\n\n    const retryButton = main.querySelector(\"#tkquiz-retry-wrong\");\n    if (retryButton) retryButton.addEventListener(\"click\", retryWrongAnswers);\n    main.querySelector(\"#tkquiz-restart\").addEventListener(\"click\", restartMainTest);\n    if (shouldFocus) main.querySelector(\"#tkquiz-result-title\").focus();\n  }\n\n  function retryWrongAnswers() {\n    const wrongIndices = mainAnswers.reduce(function (indices, answer, index) {\n      if (answer.locked && answer.selected !== questionBank[index].correct) indices.push(index);\n      return indices;\n    }, []);\n    if (!wrongIndices.length) {\n      renderMainResult(true);\n      return;\n    }\n    startRetry(wrongIndices);\n  }\n\n  function startRetry(indices) {\n    mode = \"retry\";\n    retryRound += 1;\n    activeQuestions = indices.slice();\n    retryAnswers = indices.map(blankAnswer);\n    current = 0;\n    renderQuestion(true);\n  }\n\n  function finishRetryTest() {\n    const result = calculateResult(activeQuestions, retryAnswers);\n    const remainingWrong = retryAnswers.reduce(function (indices, answer, position) {\n      const questionIndex = activeQuestions[position];\n      if (answer.locked && answer.selected !== questionBank[questionIndex].correct) indices.push(questionIndex);\n      return indices;\n    }, []);\n    renderRetryResult(result, remainingWrong, true);\n  }\n\n  function renderRetryResult(result, remainingWrong, shouldFocus) {\n    mode = \"retry-result\";\n    progressWrap.hidden = true;\n    const remainingButton = remainingWrong.length\n      ? \"<button type=\\\"button\\\" class=\\\"tkquiz-button is-accent\\\" id=\\\"tkquiz-retry-remaining\\\">Kalan Yanl\u0131\u015flar\u0131 Tekrar \u00c7\u00f6z<\/button>\"\n      : \"\";\n    const improvement = \"\u0130lk denemede \" + initialWrongCount + \" yanl\u0131\u015f\u0131n vard\u0131. Bu tekrar turunda \" + result.correct + \" soruyu do\u011fru cevaplad\u0131n.\";\n\n    main.innerHTML =\n      \"<section aria-labelledby=\\\"tkquiz-retry-title\\\">\" +\n      \"<h2 id=\\\"tkquiz-retry-title\\\" class=\\\"tkquiz-result-heading\\\" tabindex=\\\"-1\\\">Yanl\u0131\u015f Sorular Tekrar Sonucu<\/h2>\" +\n      \"<p class=\\\"tkquiz-result-lead\\\">\" + escapeHtml(improvement) + \"<\/p>\" +\n      \"<div class=\\\"tkquiz-stat-grid\\\">\" +\n      statCard(\"Tekrar sorusu\", result.total) +\n      statCard(\"Do\u011fru\", result.correct) +\n      statCard(\"Yanl\u0131\u015f\", result.wrong) +\n      statCard(\"Bo\u015f\", result.blank) +\n      statCard(\"Ba\u015far\u0131\", \"%\" + result.percentage) +\n      \"<\/div>\" +\n      \"<div class=\\\"tkquiz-message\\\"><h3>\" + (remainingWrong.length ? \"Peki\u015ftirmeye Devam\" : \"Tekrar Turu Tamamland\u0131\") + \"<\/h3><p>\" +\n      (remainingWrong.length\n        ? \"Bu turda yanl\u0131\u015f kalan sorular\u0131 bir kez daha \u00e7\u00f6zebilirsin. \u0130lk test puan\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fmeden korunuyor.\"\n        : \"Bu turda yanl\u0131\u015f cevaplanan soru kalmad\u0131. \u0130lk test sonucun de\u011fi\u015fmeden korundu.\") +\n      \"<\/p><\/div>\" +\n      \"<div class=\\\"tkquiz-result-actions\\\">\" + remainingButton +\n      \"<button type=\\\"button\\\" class=\\\"tkquiz-button\\\" id=\\\"tkquiz-main-result\\\">Ana Sonuca D\u00f6n<\/button>\" +\n      \"<button type=\\\"button\\\" class=\\\"tkquiz-button is-secondary\\\" id=\\\"tkquiz-restart\\\">Testi Ba\u015ftan \u00c7\u00f6z<\/button>\" +\n      \"<\/div><\/section>\";\n\n    const remaining = main.querySelector(\"#tkquiz-retry-remaining\");\n    if (remaining) remaining.addEventListener(\"click\", function () { startRetry(remainingWrong); });\n    main.querySelector(\"#tkquiz-main-result\").addEventListener(\"click\", function () { renderMainResult(true); });\n    main.querySelector(\"#tkquiz-restart\").addEventListener(\"click\", restartMainTest);\n    if (shouldFocus) main.querySelector(\"#tkquiz-retry-title\").focus();\n  }\n\n  function restartMainTest() {\n    mode = \"main\";\n    current = 0;\n    activeQuestions = questionBank.map(function (_, index) { return index; });\n    mainAnswers = questionBank.map(blankAnswer);\n    retryAnswers = [];\n    firstResult = null;\n    initialWrongCount = 0;\n    retryRound = 0;\n    renderQuestion(true);\n    announce(\"Test yeniden ba\u015flat\u0131ld\u0131.\");\n  }\n\n  renderQuestion(false);\n}());\n<\/script>\n\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/index.php\/2026\/08\/01\/kpss-tarih-ders-notlari-tum-konular-meb-uyumlu\/\">KPSS Tarih Ders Notlar\u0131 | T\u00fcm Konular MEB Uyumlu | ULA\u015eMAK \u0130\u00c7\u0130N TIKLA<\/a><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<div class=\"mh-excerpt\"><p>KPSS tarih haz\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131 K\u00fclt\u00fcr ve Medeniyeti; y\u00f6netim anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan saray ve Divan te\u015fkilat\u0131na, ta\u015fra d\u00fczeninden hukuk sistemine kadar geni\u015f bir alan\u0131 kapsar. 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