{"id":4070,"date":"2026-10-18T15:06:31","date_gmt":"2026-10-18T12:06:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/?p=4070"},"modified":"2026-10-18T15:06:31","modified_gmt":"2026-10-18T12:06:31","slug":"demokrasinin-surdurulebilirligi-2-unite-demokratik-katilim-maarif-modeli","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/index.php\/2026\/10\/18\/demokrasinin-surdurulebilirligi-2-unite-demokratik-katilim-maarif-modeli\/","title":{"rendered":"Demokrasinin S\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilirli\u011fi \/ 2. \u00dcnite: Demokratik Kat\u0131l\u0131m | Maarif Modeli"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Demokrasi ve \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 dersi 2. \u00dcnite: Demokratik Kat\u0131l\u0131m kapsam\u0131nda yer alan D\u0130H2.3 \u00f6\u011frenme \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131s\u0131, demokrasinin s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilirli\u011fini s\u0131n\u0131rlayan sorunlara alternatif \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmler \u00fcretmeyi ama\u00e7lamaktad\u0131r. Bu ders notunda demokrasinin temel dayanaklar\u0131, hukukun \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, kuvvetler ayr\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u00e7o\u011fulculuk, demokratik k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve vatanda\u015flar\u0131n kat\u0131l\u0131m sorumluluklar\u0131 ele al\u0131nmaktad\u0131r. Antidemokratik s\u00fcre\u00e7ler, asker\u00ee darbeler, demokratikle\u015fme dalgalar\u0131 ve sivil-asker ili\u015fkileri tarihsel \u00f6rneklerle incelenmektedir. T\u00fcrkiye&#8217;deki demokratik kesintiler ile \u015eili, Yunanistan, Arjantin, Venezuela ve G\u00fcney Afrika&#8217;daki geli\u015fmeler kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmal\u0131 olarak de\u011ferlendirilmektedir. Ayr\u0131ca demokratik kurumlar\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesi, ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, insan haklar\u0131na sayg\u0131 ve demokratik s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilirli\u011fi korumaya y\u00f6nelik \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm \u00f6nerileri a\u00e7\u0131klanmaktad\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye Y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131 Maarif Modeli do\u011frultusunda haz\u0131rlanan ders notu; konu anlat\u0131m\u0131, kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmal\u0131 tablolar, s\u0131nav notlar\u0131 ve h\u0131zl\u0131 tekrar b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcyle \u00f6\u011frencilerin tarihsel de\u011ferlendirme ve problem \u00e7\u00f6zme becerilerini desteklemektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<style>\n\/* TarihKursu | D\u0130H2.3. 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kat\u0131l\u0131m, temel hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckler, hukukun \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve demokratik k\u00fclt\u00fcr yoluyla devam ettirilmesidir. Demokratik kazan\u0131mlar zaman i\u00e7inde gerileyebilir. Bu nedenle kurumlar\u0131n g\u00f6rev s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131, iktidar de\u011fi\u015fimlerinin bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l olmas\u0131 ve vatanda\u015flar\u0131n haklar\u0131na sahip \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n<aside class=\"tk-note \" role=\"note\"><strong>\u00c7ALI\u015eMA \u0130PUCU <\/strong>Bir geli\u015fmeyi de\u011ferlendirirken halk iradesine, temel haklara, hukuk d\u00fczenine, se\u00e7imlere ve kurumlar\u0131n i\u015fleyi\u015fine etkisini birlikte inceleyiniz.<\/aside>\n<h2 class=\"tk-major\">1 Demokrasinin Dayanaklar\u0131<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"tk-list\">\n<li>Halk\u0131n y\u00f6netime kat\u0131lmas\u0131 ve kamu politikalar\u0131n\u0131n belirlenmesinde etkili olmas\u0131 esast\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>Temel hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckler korunur; vatanda\u015flar kendi haklar\u0131n\u0131 kullan\u0131rken ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n haklar\u0131n\u0131 ve insan onurunu g\u00f6zetir.<\/li>\n<li>Devlet g\u00fcc\u00fc hukukla s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r; ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z yarg\u0131 ve kuvvetler ayr\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 keyf\u00ee kararlar\u0131 \u00f6nler.<\/li>\n<li>\u00c7o\u011fulculuk, farkl\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerin temsilini ve birlikte ya\u015famay\u0131 kabul eder.<\/li>\n<li>Serbest, adil ve d\u00fczenli se\u00e7imler; \u00f6zg\u00fcr bas\u0131n, sivil toplum, \u015feffafl\u0131k ve hesap verebilirlik demokratik denetimi sa\u011flar.<\/li>\n<li>Demokratik d\u00fczene duyulan g\u00fcven, kurumlar\u0131n d\u00fczenli i\u015flemesi ve y\u00f6neticilerin denetlenebilmesiyle ili\u015fkilidir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<aside class=\"tk-note tk-note--warning\" role=\"note\"><strong>SINAV NOTU <\/strong>Demokrasi yaln\u0131z se\u00e7imden ibaret de\u011fildir. Se\u00e7imlerin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra hak g\u00fcvencesi, hukukun \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, \u00e7o\u011fulculuk, kat\u0131l\u0131m ve denetim birlikte bulunmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/aside>\n<h2 class=\"tk-major\">2 Antidemokratik S\u00fcre\u00e7ler<\/h2>\n<p>Antidemokratik s\u00fcre\u00e7, halk egemenli\u011fi ve hukukun \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden uzakla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r. Ani bir rejim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fiyle ortaya \u00e7\u0131kabilece\u011fi gibi kurumlara y\u00f6nelik kademeli ve sistematik m\u00fcdahalelerle de geli\u015febilir.<\/p>\n<table class=\"tk-table tk-table--three\" aria-label=\"Alan\">\n<colgroup>\n<col \/>\n<col \/>\n<col \/>\n<\/colgroup>\n<thead><tr>\n<th scope=\"col\">Alan<\/th>\n<th scope=\"col\">Antidemokratik M\u00fcdahale<\/th>\n<th scope=\"col\">Olas\u0131 Sonu\u00e7<\/th>\n<\/tr><\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"Alan\"><span class=\"tk-cell-line\">Y\u00f6netim<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Antidemokratik M\u00fcdahale\"><span class=\"tk-cell-line\">Asker\u00ee darbe veya anayasan\u0131n ask\u0131ya al\u0131nmas\u0131<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Olas\u0131 Sonu\u00e7\"><span class=\"tk-cell-line\">Se\u00e7ilmi\u015f kurumlar\u0131n ve halk iradesinin devre d\u0131\u015f\u0131 kalmas\u0131<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"Alan\"><span class=\"tk-cell-line\">Hukuk<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Antidemokratik M\u00fcdahale\"><span class=\"tk-cell-line\">Kuvvetler ayr\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile hukukun \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn zay\u0131flat\u0131lmas\u0131<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Olas\u0131 Sonu\u00e7\"><span class=\"tk-cell-line\">Keyf\u00ee kararlar\u0131n ve hak ihlallerinin artmas\u0131<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"Alan\"><span class=\"tk-cell-line\">Kat\u0131l\u0131m<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Antidemokratik M\u00fcdahale\"><span class=\"tk-cell-line\">Serbest ve adil se\u00e7imlerin durdurulmas\u0131<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Olas\u0131 Sonu\u00e7\"><span class=\"tk-cell-line\">Y\u00f6netimin halk taraf\u0131ndan denetlenememesi<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"Alan\"><span class=\"tk-cell-line\">\u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Antidemokratik M\u00fcdahale\"><span class=\"tk-cell-line\">Medya, ifade ve akademik \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn k\u0131s\u0131tlanmas\u0131<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Olas\u0131 Sonu\u00e7\"><span class=\"tk-cell-line\">Ele\u015ftiri ve farkl\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerin g\u00f6r\u00fcnmez h\u00e2le gelmesi<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"Alan\"><span class=\"tk-cell-line\">Denetim<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Antidemokratik M\u00fcdahale\"><span class=\"tk-cell-line\">Sivil toplumun bask\u0131lanmas\u0131, \u015feffafl\u0131k ve hesap verebilirli\u011fin etkisizle\u015fmesi<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Olas\u0131 Sonu\u00e7\"><span class=\"tk-cell-line\">G\u00fcvenin sars\u0131lmas\u0131 ve demokratikle\u015fmenin gecikmesi<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3 class=\"tk-minor\">2.1 Rubiconu Ge\u00e7mek<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"tk-list\">\n<li>J\u00fcl Sezar&#x27;\u0131n ordusuyla Rubicon Nehri&#x27;ni ge\u00e7mesi i\u00e7 sava\u015f\u0131 ba\u015flatt\u0131.<\/li>\n<li>Roma&#x27;da sivil-asker ayr\u0131m\u0131 bozuldu, Senato etkisizle\u015fti ve cumhuriyetten diktat\u00f6rl\u00fck ile imparatorlu\u011fa ge\u00e7i\u015f s\u00fcreci ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/li>\n<li>Rubiconu ge\u00e7mek, geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fc zor ve \u00f6nemli bir karar e\u015fi\u011fini a\u015fmak anlam\u0131nda kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>B\u00f6yle bir karar haklar\u0131 savunarak demokrasiyi g\u00fc\u00e7lendirebilir; hukuku ask\u0131ya almak ve g\u00fcc\u00fc tek elde toplamak gibi tercihler ise demokrasiye a\u011f\u0131r zarar verebilir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 class=\"tk-minor\">2.2 Demokratikle\u015fme Dalgalar\u0131<\/h3>\n<table class=\"tk-table tk-table--two\" aria-label=\"Tarih\">\n<colgroup>\n<col \/>\n<col \/>\n<\/colgroup>\n<thead><tr>\n<th scope=\"col\">Tarih<\/th>\n<th scope=\"col\">Kaynakta Belirtilen Geli\u015fme<\/th>\n<\/tr><\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"Tarih\"><span class=\"tk-cell-line\">1828<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Kaynakta Belirtilen Geli\u015fme\"><span class=\"tk-cell-line\">Birinci demokrasi dalgas\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"Tarih\"><span class=\"tk-cell-line\">1922<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Kaynakta Belirtilen Geli\u015fme\"><span class=\"tk-cell-line\">Birinci ters dalga; 20 y\u0131lda 17 \u00fclkede demokratik sistemin sona ermesi<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"Tarih\"><span class=\"tk-cell-line\">1943<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Kaynakta Belirtilen Geli\u015fme\"><span class=\"tk-cell-line\">\u0130kinci demokrasi dalgas\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"Tarih\"><span class=\"tk-cell-line\">1958<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Kaynakta Belirtilen Geli\u015fme\"><span class=\"tk-cell-line\">\u0130kinci ters dalga; 14 y\u0131lda 6 \u00fclkede demokratik sistemin sona ermesi<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<aside class=\"tk-note tk-note--contrast\" role=\"note\"><strong>KRONOLOJ\u0130 <\/strong>Demokratikle\u015fme do\u011frusal ve kesintisiz de\u011fildir. \u0130lerleme d\u00f6nemlerini, demokratik sistemlerin geriledi\u011fi ters dalgalar izleyebilir.<\/aside>\n<h2 class=\"tk-major\">3 Demokratik K\u00fclt\u00fcr Se\u00e7imler ve Sivil Asker \u0130li\u015fkileri<\/h2>\n<h3 class=\"tk-minor\">3.1 Demokratik K\u00fclt\u00fcr<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"tk-list\">\n<li>Demokrasiyi kurmak, s\u00fcreklili\u011fini tek ba\u015f\u0131na sa\u011flamaz.<\/li>\n<li>Toplumsal farkl\u0131l\u0131k ve \u00e7o\u011fulculuk zenginlik olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclmeli; \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar uzla\u015fma yoluyla \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmelidir.<\/li>\n<li>\u0130ktidar de\u011fi\u015fimleri bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l bi\u00e7imde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmelidir.<\/li>\n<li>Demokratik k\u00fclt\u00fcr, demokratik d\u00fczene y\u00f6nelik tersine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015flere kar\u015f\u0131 toplumsal dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131k sa\u011flar.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 class=\"tk-minor\">3.2 Se\u00e7imlerin Kurumsalla\u015fmas\u0131<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"tk-list\">\n<li>Se\u00e7imler d\u00fczenli demokratik i\u015fleyi\u015fin kal\u0131c\u0131 bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>Se\u00e7imlerde \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck, adalet ve e\u015fit rekabet ko\u015fullar\u0131 bulunmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>Kat\u0131l\u0131m, halk\u0131n kamu politikalar\u0131n\u0131 etkilemesini; se\u00e7imler ise iktidar\u0131 denetlemesini sa\u011flar.<\/li>\n<li>Hi\u00e7 kimse egemenli\u011fi geri al\u0131namaz bi\u00e7imde kendine mal edemez.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 class=\"tk-minor\">3.3 Sivil Asker \u0130li\u015fkileri<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"tk-list\">\n<li>Demokratik d\u00fczende ordunun g\u00f6revi ulusal g\u00fcvenli\u011fe hizmet etmektir.<\/li>\n<li>Ordu, siyasal ve toplumsal karar alan\u0131na m\u00fcdahale etmemelidir.<\/li>\n<li>Sivil y\u00f6netimin devam\u0131 ve asker\u00ee kurumlar\u0131n sivil denetimi demokratik s\u00fcreklilik i\u00e7in gereklidir.<\/li>\n<li>Asker\u00ee m\u00fcdahale se\u00e7ilmi\u015f kurumlar\u0131 etkisizle\u015ftirir; kurumlar\u0131n g\u00f6rev s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 korumas\u0131 demokrasiyi destekler.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 class=\"tk-major\">4 T\u00fcrkiyede Demokratik Kesintiler ve D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fler<\/h2>\n<table class=\"tk-table tk-table--two\" aria-label=\"Tarih ve Olay\">\n<colgroup>\n<col \/>\n<col \/>\n<\/colgroup>\n<thead><tr>\n<th scope=\"col\">Tarih ve Olay<\/th>\n<th scope=\"col\">Geli\u015fme ve Sonu\u00e7<\/th>\n<\/tr><\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"Tarih ve Olay\"><span class=\"tk-cell-line\">27 May\u0131s 1960 darbesi<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Geli\u015fme ve Sonu\u00e7\"><span class=\"tk-cell-line\">T\u00fcrk Silahl\u0131 Kuvvetleri i\u00e7indeki bir grup asker y\u00f6netime el koydu. Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 ve h\u00fck\u00fbmet g\u00f6revden uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131, Meclis feshedildi. Demokratik y\u00f6netim ve sivil idare kesintiye u\u011frad\u0131; \u00fclkeyi askerlerden olu\u015fan Mill\u00ee Birlik Komitesi y\u00f6netti.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"Tarih ve Olay\"><span class=\"tk-cell-line\">12 Eyl\u00fcl 1980 darbesi<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Geli\u015fme ve Sonu\u00e7\"><span class=\"tk-cell-line\">Emir-komuta zinciri i\u00e7indeki asker\u00ee m\u00fcdahale y\u00f6netimi devrald\u0131. Mill\u00ee G\u00fcvenlik Konseyi \u00fclke idaresini \u00fcstlendi. Demokratik faaliyetler ve temel \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckler s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131; siyaset\u00e7iler g\u00f6zalt\u0131na al\u0131nd\u0131 ve partiler kapat\u0131ld\u0131.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"Tarih ve Olay\"><span class=\"tk-cell-line\">1982 Anayasas\u0131 ve se\u00e7im s\u00fcreci<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Geli\u015fme ve Sonu\u00e7\"><span class=\"tk-cell-line\">1982 Anayasas\u0131&#x27;n\u0131n kabul\u00fcnden sonra se\u00e7im s\u00fcreci ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"Tarih ve Olay\"><span class=\"tk-cell-line\">6 Kas\u0131m 1983 se\u00e7imleri<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Geli\u015fme ve Sonu\u00e7\"><span class=\"tk-cell-line\">TBMM yeniden a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131 ve sivil y\u00f6netime ge\u00e7ildi. Temsil\u00ee y\u00f6netim yeniden i\u015flerlik kazand\u0131.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"Tarih ve Olay\"><span class=\"tk-cell-line\">15 Temmuz 2016 darbe giri\u015fimi<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Geli\u015fme ve Sonu\u00e7\"><span class=\"tk-cell-line\">Fethullah\u00e7\u0131 Ter\u00f6r \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc asker\u00ee yap\u0131lanmas\u0131 demokratik d\u00fczeni hedef alan darbe giri\u015fiminde bulundu. Devlet kurumlar\u0131n\u0131n ve halk\u0131n demokratik y\u00f6netime sahip \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131yla giri\u015fim ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z oldu.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<aside class=\"tk-note tk-note--result\" role=\"note\"><strong>NEDEN \u00d6NEML\u0130 <\/strong>Se\u00e7imlere d\u00f6nmek demokratik y\u00f6netimi yeniden ba\u015flat\u0131r; ancak darbe d\u00f6nemindeki hak k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar\u0131, siyasi yasaklar ve g\u00fcven kayb\u0131 bir s\u00fcre etkisini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrebilir. Bu nedenle yaln\u0131z y\u00f6netimin de\u011fi\u015fmesi de\u011fil, haklar\u0131n ve kurumlar\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesi de gerekir.<\/aside>\n<h2 class=\"tk-major\">5 D\u00fcnyadan Antidemokratik ve Demokratik Ge\u00e7i\u015f \u00d6rnekleri<\/h2>\n<table class=\"tk-table tk-table--three\" aria-label=\"\u00dclke ve Tarih\">\n<colgroup>\n<col \/>\n<col \/>\n<col \/>\n<\/colgroup>\n<thead><tr>\n<th scope=\"col\">\u00dclke ve Tarih<\/th>\n<th scope=\"col\">Olay<\/th>\n<th scope=\"col\">Demokrasiye Etkisi<\/th>\n<\/tr><\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"\u00dclke ve Tarih\"><span class=\"tk-cell-line\">\u015eili 1973<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Olay\"><span class=\"tk-cell-line\">Se\u00e7ilmi\u015f Salvador Allende y\u00f6netimine darbe yap\u0131ld\u0131; Pinochet d\u00f6neminde 17 y\u0131ll\u0131k asker\u00ee diktat\u00f6rl\u00fck kuruldu.<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Demokrasiye Etkisi\"><span class=\"tk-cell-line\">Se\u00e7ilmi\u015f y\u00f6netim sona erdi ve uzun s\u00fcreli asker\u00ee y\u00f6netim ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"\u00dclke ve Tarih\"><span class=\"tk-cell-line\">Yunanistan 21 Nisan 1967<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Olay\"><span class=\"tk-cell-line\">Darbeyle Albaylar Cuntas\u0131 y\u00f6netime geldi; asker\u00ee y\u00f6netim yedi y\u0131l s\u00fcrd\u00fc.<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Demokrasiye Etkisi\"><span class=\"tk-cell-line\">Demokratik y\u00f6netim kesintiye u\u011frad\u0131.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"\u00dclke ve Tarih\"><span class=\"tk-cell-line\">K\u0131br\u0131s 15 Temmuz 1974<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Olay\"><span class=\"tk-cell-line\">Yunanistan&#x27;daki cunta, K\u0131br\u0131s&#x27;\u0131 Yunanistan&#x27;a ba\u011flamak amac\u0131yla K\u0131br\u0131s&#x27;ta darbe yapt\u0131.<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Demokrasiye Etkisi\"><span class=\"tk-cell-line\">Asker\u00ee m\u00fcdahale siyasal d\u00fczeni hedef ald\u0131.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"\u00dclke ve Tarih\"><span class=\"tk-cell-line\">Arjantin 24 Mart 1976<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Olay\"><span class=\"tk-cell-line\">Isabel Per\u00f3n darbeyle devrildi. 1976-1983 d\u00f6nemi Kirli Sava\u015f olarak an\u0131ld\u0131.<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Demokrasiye Etkisi\"><span class=\"tk-cell-line\">Darbe sonras\u0131nda a\u011f\u0131r insan haklar\u0131 sorunlar\u0131 ya\u015fand\u0131.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"\u00dclke ve Tarih\"><span class=\"tk-cell-line\">Venezuela 11-14 Nisan 2002<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Olay\"><span class=\"tk-cell-line\">Hugo Ch\u00e1vez g\u00f6revden uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. Halk\u0131n geni\u015f kat\u0131l\u0131ml\u0131 g\u00f6sterileri etkili oldu ve Ch\u00e1vez 14 Nisan&#x27;da g\u00f6revine d\u00f6nd\u00fc.<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Demokrasiye Etkisi\"><span class=\"tk-cell-line\">Toplumsal kat\u0131l\u0131m se\u00e7ilmi\u015f y\u00f6netimin geri d\u00f6nmesine katk\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"\u00dclke ve Tarih\"><span class=\"tk-cell-line\">G\u00fcney Afrika 1948-1994<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Olay\"><span class=\"tk-cell-line\">Irk\u00e7\u0131, ayr\u0131l\u0131k\u00e7\u0131 ve otoriter apartheid rejimi e\u015fit siyasal kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 engelledi. 1994&#x27;te b\u00fct\u00fcn toplum ilk kez \u00f6zg\u00fcrce oy kulland\u0131.<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Demokrasiye Etkisi\"><span class=\"tk-cell-line\">Demokratik kat\u0131l\u0131m geni\u015fledi ve kapsay\u0131c\u0131 y\u00f6netime ge\u00e7i\u015f ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2 class=\"tk-major\">6 Demokrasinin S\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilirli\u011fini G\u00fc\u00e7lendirmek<\/h2>\n<h3 class=\"tk-minor\">6.1 Risk Olu\u015fturan Ko\u015fullar<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"tk-list\">\n<li>Sivil-asker ayr\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n ve sivil denetimin zay\u0131f olmas\u0131.<\/li>\n<li>Demokratik kurumlar\u0131n, ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z yarg\u0131n\u0131n ve hukuki denetimin yetersiz kalmas\u0131.<\/li>\n<li>\u00c7o\u011fulculuk ve uzla\u015fma k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn zay\u0131flamas\u0131.<\/li>\n<li>Se\u00e7imlerin, bas\u0131n\u0131n ve sivil toplumun bask\u0131 alt\u0131nda kalmas\u0131.<\/li>\n<li>Bu ko\u015fullar antidemokratik m\u00fcdahale riskini art\u0131rabilir; ancak b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00fclke ve b\u00f6lgeler i\u00e7in tek bir neden belirlenemez.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 class=\"tk-minor\">6.2 Koruyucu Unsurlar ve \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm \u00d6nerileri<\/h3>\n<table class=\"tk-table tk-table--three\" aria-label=\"Koruyucu Unsur\">\n<colgroup>\n<col \/>\n<col \/>\n<col \/>\n<\/colgroup>\n<thead><tr>\n<th scope=\"col\">Koruyucu Unsur<\/th>\n<th scope=\"col\">Demokrasiye Katk\u0131s\u0131<\/th>\n<th scope=\"col\">Zedelenirse<\/th>\n<\/tr><\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"Koruyucu Unsur\"><span class=\"tk-cell-line\">Hukukun \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Demokrasiye Katk\u0131s\u0131\"><span class=\"tk-cell-line\">Keyf\u00ee kararlar\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlar ve haklar\u0131 korur.<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Zedelenirse\"><span class=\"tk-cell-line\">Demokrasi keyf\u00ee y\u00f6netime a\u00e7\u0131k h\u00e2le gelir.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"Koruyucu Unsur\"><span class=\"tk-cell-line\">\u00c7o\u011fulculuk<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Demokrasiye Katk\u0131s\u0131\"><span class=\"tk-cell-line\">Farkl\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerin temsil edilmesini ve birlikte ya\u015famas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Zedelenirse\"><span class=\"tk-cell-line\">Demokrasi farkl\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri d\u0131\u015flayan bir yap\u0131ya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"Koruyucu Unsur\"><span class=\"tk-cell-line\">Kat\u0131l\u0131m<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Demokrasiye Katk\u0131s\u0131\"><span class=\"tk-cell-line\">Halk\u0131n kararlar\u0131 etkilemesini ve y\u00f6neticileri denetlemesini sa\u011flar.<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Zedelenirse\"><span class=\"tk-cell-line\">Demokrasi halk\u0131n iradesinden uzakla\u015f\u0131r.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"Koruyucu Unsur\"><span class=\"tk-cell-line\">Adil se\u00e7im<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Demokrasiye Katk\u0131s\u0131\"><span class=\"tk-cell-line\">\u0130ktidar\u0131n bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l ve me\u015fru bi\u00e7imde belirlenmesini sa\u011flar.<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Zedelenirse\"><span class=\"tk-cell-line\">Temsil ve y\u00f6netime g\u00fcven zay\u0131flar.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"Koruyucu Unsur\"><span class=\"tk-cell-line\">Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z yarg\u0131 ve kuvvetler ayr\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Demokrasiye Katk\u0131s\u0131\"><span class=\"tk-cell-line\">G\u00fcc\u00fc s\u0131n\u0131rlar ve hak g\u00fcvencelerini korur.<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Zedelenirse\"><span class=\"tk-cell-line\">Denetimsiz g\u00fc\u00e7 ve hak ihlali riski artar.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"Koruyucu Unsur\"><span class=\"tk-cell-line\">\u00d6zg\u00fcr bas\u0131n ve sivil toplum<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Demokrasiye Katk\u0131s\u0131\"><span class=\"tk-cell-line\">\u015eeffafl\u0131k, ele\u015ftiri ve hesap verebilirlik sa\u011flar.<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Zedelenirse\"><span class=\"tk-cell-line\">Y\u00f6neticilerin denetlenmesi zorla\u015f\u0131r.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"Koruyucu Unsur\"><span class=\"tk-cell-line\">Demokratik k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve insan haklar\u0131 e\u011fitimi<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Demokrasiye Katk\u0131s\u0131\"><span class=\"tk-cell-line\">Haklara sahip \u00e7\u0131kmay\u0131 ve m\u00fcdahale riskine kar\u015f\u0131 toplumsal dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131r.<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Zedelenirse\"><span class=\"tk-cell-line\">Kutupla\u015fma ve antidemokratik tutumlar yayg\u0131nla\u015fabilir.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3 class=\"tk-minor\">6.3 Uygulamalar\u0131n De\u011ferlendirilmesi<\/h3>\n<table class=\"tk-table tk-table--two\" aria-label=\"\u00d6rnek\">\n<colgroup>\n<col \/>\n<col \/>\n<\/colgroup>\n<thead><tr>\n<th scope=\"col\">\u00d6rnek<\/th>\n<th scope=\"col\">Uygulama ve \u00c7\u0131kar\u0131m<\/th>\n<\/tr><\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"\u00d6rnek\"><span class=\"tk-cell-line\">T\u00fcrkiye 1983<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Uygulama ve \u00c7\u0131kar\u0131m\"><span class=\"tk-cell-line\">Se\u00e7imler sivil y\u00f6netimi yeniden ba\u015flatt\u0131. S\u00fcrekli sivil denetim, kriz ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmadan m\u00fcdahale riskini azaltabilir.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"\u00d6rnek\"><span class=\"tk-cell-line\">T\u00fcrkiye 15 Temmuz<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Uygulama ve \u00c7\u0131kar\u0131m\"><span class=\"tk-cell-line\">Toplumsal ve kurumsal sahiplenme darbe giri\u015fiminin ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z olmas\u0131nda etkili oldu. Demokratik e\u011fitim haklara sahip \u00e7\u0131kmay\u0131 yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131rabilir.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"\u00d6rnek\"><span class=\"tk-cell-line\">Venezuela 2002<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Uygulama ve \u00c7\u0131kar\u0131m\"><span class=\"tk-cell-line\">Halk\u0131n g\u00f6sterileri se\u00e7ilmi\u015f ba\u015fkan\u0131n g\u00f6revine d\u00f6nmesinde etkili oldu. G\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc kurumlar krize yaln\u0131z tepki vermek yerine \u00f6nceden koruma sa\u011flayabilir.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2 class=\"tk-major\">7 \u0130fade \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve Demokratik Vatanda\u015fl\u0131k<\/h2>\n<p>\u0130fade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc demokratik toplumun temelidir; ancak bir g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc ele\u015ftirmek ile farkl\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fteki ki\u015fileri a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lamak, hedef g\u00f6stermek veya bask\u0131 alt\u0131na almak ayn\u0131 de\u011fildir. Ki\u015filerin onuru ve g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerini \u00f6zg\u00fcrce a\u00e7\u0131klama hakk\u0131 da korunmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<ul class=\"tk-list\">\n<li>Farkl\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fteki insanlar\u0131 hedef almak ve d\u00fc\u015fmanla\u015ft\u0131rmak kutupla\u015fmay\u0131 ve g\u00fcvensizli\u011fi art\u0131r\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>Bu tutum yayg\u0131nla\u015f\u0131rsa insanlar g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerini a\u00e7\u0131klamaktan \u00e7ekinir; ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fc, \u00e7o\u011fulculuk ve uzla\u015fma k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc zay\u0131flar.<\/li>\n<li>Ki\u015fileri hedef almak yerine fikirler sayg\u0131yla tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>\u0130fade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ile ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n haklar\u0131 konusunda e\u011fitim yap\u0131lmal\u0131; \u00f6\u011fretmen rehberli\u011finde diyalog ve ortak ileti\u015fim kurallar\u0131 olu\u015fturulmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>Demokratik toplumda ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n haklar\u0131na sayg\u0131 ve sorumluluk bilinciyle anlam kazan\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 class=\"tk-minor\">7.1 Demokratik Vatanda\u015f Davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131<\/h3>\n<table class=\"tk-table tk-table--two\" aria-label=\"Davran\u0131\u015f\">\n<colgroup>\n<col \/>\n<col \/>\n<\/colgroup>\n<thead><tr>\n<th scope=\"col\">Davran\u0131\u015f<\/th>\n<th scope=\"col\">A\u00e7\u0131klama<\/th>\n<\/tr><\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"Davran\u0131\u015f\"><span class=\"tk-cell-line\">Haklara sayg\u0131<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"A\u00e7\u0131klama\"><span class=\"tk-cell-line\">Ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n haklar\u0131na ve insan onuruna sayg\u0131 g\u00f6stermek<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"Davran\u0131\u015f\"><span class=\"tk-cell-line\">Ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fc<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"A\u00e7\u0131klama\"><span class=\"tk-cell-line\">Farkl\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri dinlemek ve sayg\u0131l\u0131 davranmak<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"Davran\u0131\u015f\"><span class=\"tk-cell-line\">Hukuka uygunluk<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"A\u00e7\u0131klama\"><span class=\"tk-cell-line\">Hak ararken hukuka uygun ve bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l yollar kullanmak<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"Davran\u0131\u015f\"><span class=\"tk-cell-line\">Kat\u0131l\u0131m ve sorumluluk<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"A\u00e7\u0131klama\"><span class=\"tk-cell-line\">Ortak kararlara kat\u0131lmak ve sorumluluk almak<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"Davran\u0131\u015f\"><span class=\"tk-cell-line\">Birle\u015ftirici dil<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"A\u00e7\u0131klama\"><span class=\"tk-cell-line\">Ayr\u0131mc\u0131 ve kutupla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 s\u00f6ylemlerden ka\u00e7\u0131nmak<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<aside class=\"tk-note tk-note--result\" role=\"note\"><strong>TEMEL MESAJ <\/strong>Haklara sayg\u0131, demokrasiye hayat verir.<\/aside>\n<h2 class=\"tk-major\">8 Sorundan \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcme Ara\u015ft\u0131rma \u00c7er\u00e7evesi<\/h2>\n<table class=\"tk-table tk-table--two\" aria-label=\"Ba\u015fl\u0131k\">\n<colgroup>\n<col \/>\n<col \/>\n<\/colgroup>\n<thead><tr>\n<th scope=\"col\">Ba\u015fl\u0131k<\/th>\n<th scope=\"col\">Asker\u00ee Darbeler ve Demokrasi \u00d6rne\u011fi<\/th>\n<\/tr><\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"Ba\u015fl\u0131k\"><span class=\"tk-cell-line\">Sorun<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Asker\u00ee Darbeler ve Demokrasi \u00d6rne\u011fi\"><span class=\"tk-cell-line\">Asker\u00ee m\u00fcdahalelerle se\u00e7ilmi\u015f kurumlar\u0131n devre d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131; kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n kesilmesi, haklar\u0131n k\u0131s\u0131tlanmas\u0131 ve g\u00fcven kayb\u0131<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"Ba\u015fl\u0131k\"><span class=\"tk-cell-line\">Ortak bak\u0131\u015f<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Asker\u00ee Darbeler ve Demokrasi \u00d6rne\u011fi\"><span class=\"tk-cell-line\">Kaynaklar demokrasinin korunmas\u0131n\u0131 ve s\u00fcreklili\u011fini gerekli g\u00f6r\u00fcr; darbelerin halk iradesini ve hak g\u00fcvencelerini zay\u0131flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtir.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"Ba\u015fl\u0131k\"><span class=\"tk-cell-line\">Farkl\u0131 odak<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Asker\u00ee Darbeler ve Demokrasi \u00d6rne\u011fi\"><span class=\"tk-cell-line\">Bir yakla\u015f\u0131m tarihsel demokratikle\u015fme dalgalar\u0131na; di\u011feri demokratik k\u00fclt\u00fcr, se\u00e7imler ve sivil-asker ili\u015fkilerine odaklan\u0131r.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"Ba\u015fl\u0131k\"><span class=\"tk-cell-line\">\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcmler<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Asker\u00ee Darbeler ve Demokrasi \u00d6rne\u011fi\"><span class=\"tk-cell-line\">Sivil denetim, ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z yarg\u0131, kuvvetler ayr\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, serbest ve adil se\u00e7imler, \u00f6zg\u00fcr bas\u0131n, sivil toplum ve demokratik e\u011fitim<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"Ba\u015fl\u0131k\"><span class=\"tk-cell-line\">Beklenen sonu\u00e7<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Asker\u00ee Darbeler ve Demokrasi \u00d6rne\u011fi\"><span class=\"tk-cell-line\">Daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc kurumlar, korunan haklar ve bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l y\u00f6netim de\u011fi\u015fimi<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<aside class=\"tk-note tk-note--contrast\" role=\"note\"><strong>DE\u011eERLEND\u0130RME <\/strong>\u00c7al\u0131\u015fma sekiz \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fctte 1-3 puanla de\u011ferlendirildi\u011finde en y\u00fcksek puan 24&#x27;t\u00fcr. Y\u00fczl\u00fck puan = al\u0131nan puan \/ 24 x 100. Sorunun tan\u0131m\u0131, kan\u0131tlar, farkl\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fler, \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmler ve sunum ger\u00e7ek \u00fcr\u00fcne g\u00f6re de\u011ferlendirilir.<\/aside>\n<h2 class=\"tk-major\">9 H\u0131zl\u0131 Tekrar<\/h2>\n<table class=\"tk-table tk-table--two\" aria-label=\"Kavram\">\n<colgroup>\n<col \/>\n<col \/>\n<\/colgroup>\n<thead><tr>\n<th scope=\"col\">Kavram<\/th>\n<th scope=\"col\">K\u0131sa A\u00e7\u0131klama<\/th>\n<\/tr><\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"Kavram\"><span class=\"tk-cell-line\">Demokratik s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilirlik<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"K\u0131sa A\u00e7\u0131klama\"><span class=\"tk-cell-line\">Kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n, haklar\u0131n, hukukun ve demokratik k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn kesintisiz korunmas\u0131<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"Kavram\"><span class=\"tk-cell-line\">Antidemokratik s\u00fcre\u00e7<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"K\u0131sa A\u00e7\u0131klama\"><span class=\"tk-cell-line\">Halk egemenli\u011fi, hukuk, se\u00e7im, \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck veya denetimin zay\u0131flat\u0131lmas\u0131<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"Kavram\"><span class=\"tk-cell-line\">Ters dalga<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"K\u0131sa A\u00e7\u0131klama\"><span class=\"tk-cell-line\">Demokratik sistemlerin bir grup \u00fclkede gerilemesi veya sona ermesi<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"Kavram\"><span class=\"tk-cell-line\">Sivil denetim<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"K\u0131sa A\u00e7\u0131klama\"><span class=\"tk-cell-line\">Asker\u00ee kurumlar\u0131n se\u00e7ilmi\u015f sivil y\u00f6netimin belirledi\u011fi g\u00f6rev s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde kalmas\u0131<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"Kavram\"><span class=\"tk-cell-line\">\u00c7o\u011fulculuk<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"K\u0131sa A\u00e7\u0131klama\"><span class=\"tk-cell-line\">Farkl\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerin temsil edilmesi ve birlikte ya\u015fayabilmesi<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-label=\"Kavram\"><span class=\"tk-cell-line\">Sorumlu ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-label=\"K\u0131sa A\u00e7\u0131klama\"><span class=\"tk-cell-line\">Fikirleri a\u00e7\u0131klarken ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n haklar\u0131na ve onuruna sayg\u0131 g\u00f6sterilmesi<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<aside class=\"tk-note tk-note--result\" role=\"note\"><strong>GENEL SONU\u00c7 <\/strong>Demokrasinin devam\u0131 yaln\u0131z kriz anlar\u0131nda tepki g\u00f6stermeye de\u011fil; adil se\u00e7imleri, hukukun \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc, ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z kurumlar\u0131, \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckleri, \u00e7o\u011fulculu\u011fu ve demokratik e\u011fitimi her zaman korumaya ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/aside>\n<\/article>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<div class=\"mh-excerpt\"><p>Demokrasi ve \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 dersi 2. \u00dcnite: Demokratik Kat\u0131l\u0131m kapsam\u0131nda yer alan D\u0130H2.3 \u00f6\u011frenme \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131s\u0131, demokrasinin s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilirli\u011fini s\u0131n\u0131rlayan sorunlara alternatif \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmler \u00fcretmeyi ama\u00e7lamaktad\u0131r. 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