{"id":499,"date":"2020-10-22T10:22:00","date_gmt":"2020-10-22T07:22:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/index.php\/2020\/10\/22\/orta-doguda-manda-yonetimleri-kurulmasinin-ve-afrikadaki-somurgecilik-faaliyetlerinin-siyasi-sonuclari\/"},"modified":"2020-10-22T10:22:00","modified_gmt":"2020-10-22T07:22:00","slug":"orta-doguda-manda-yonetimleri-kurulmasinin-ve-afrikadaki-somurgecilik-faaliyetlerinin-siyasi-sonuclari","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/index.php\/2020\/10\/22\/orta-doguda-manda-yonetimleri-kurulmasinin-ve-afrikadaki-somurgecilik-faaliyetlerinin-siyasi-sonuclari\/","title":{"rendered":"ORTA DO\u011eU\u2019DA MANDA Y\u00d6NET\u0130MLER\u0130 KURULMASININ VE AFR\u0130KA\u2019DAK\u0130 S\u00d6M\u00dcRGEC\u0130L\u0130K FAAL\u0130YETLER\u0130N\u0130N S\u0130YAS\u0130 SONU\u00c7LARI"},"content":{"rendered":"


<\/a><\/p>\n

Tarih ders notlar\u0131, yks tarih ders notlar\u0131, ayt tarih ders notlar\u0131, tyt tarih ders notlar\u0131, tarih \u00f6zet, tarih 9 ders notlar\u0131, tarih 10 ders notlar\u0131, tarih 11 ders notlar\u0131, ink\u0131lap tarihi ders notlar\u0131, \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f T\u00fcrk ve d\u00fcnya tarihi ders notlar\u0131, g\u00fcncel tarih ders notlar\u0131, \u00f6zet konu anlat\u0131m, k\u0131sa tarih, yeni kitaba g\u00f6re haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f ders notlar\u0131, yeni m\u00fcfredat tarih , tarih pdf<\/p>\n

<\/ins>
\n1. \u00dcN\u0130TE \u0130K\u0130 K\u00dcRESEL SAVA\u015e ARASINDA D\u00dcNYA<\/p>\n

ORTA DO\u011eU\u2019DA MANDA Y\u00d6NET\u0130MLER\u0130 KURULMASININ VE AFR\u0130KA\u2019DAK\u0130 S\u00d6M\u00dcRGEC\u0130L\u0130K FAAL\u0130YETLER\u0130N\u0130N S\u0130YAS\u0130 SONU\u00c7LARI<\/span><\/p>\n

– Orta Do\u011fu kavram\u0131, co\u011frafi bir tan\u0131mlamadan ziyade Bat\u0131 medeniyeti taraf\u0131ndan belirlenen siyasi bir terimdir.<\/p>\n

– Orta Do\u011fu, dar kapsaml\u0131 bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131yla T\u00fcrkiye, \u0130ran, M\u0131s\u0131r \u00fc\u00e7genini ve bu \u00fc\u00e7gen i\u00e7erisinde yer alan \u00fclkeleri kapsar.<\/p>\n

– Geni\u015f kapsaml\u0131 bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131yla bu devletleri ve onlara kom\u015fu olan baz\u0131 M\u00fcsl\u00fcman \u00fclkeleri (Kuzey Afrika, Sudan, Somali, Pakistan, Afganistan gibi) i\u00e7ine al\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin Y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n Orta Do\u011fu\u2019ya Etkileri<\/span><\/p>\n

– Orta Do\u011fu’ya 16. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan 19. y\u00fczy\u0131la kadar \u0130ran hari\u00e7 olmak \u00fczere Osmanl\u0131 Devleti’nin h\u00e2kimiyetinde olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

– Orta Do\u011fu \u00fc\u00e7 semavi din olan Musevilik, Hristiyanl\u0131k ve M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n do\u011fu\u015f yeridir.<\/p>\n

– Co\u011frafi ke\u015fiflerle \u00f6nemi azalan Orta Do\u011fu, 1869’da S\u00fcvey\u015f Kanal\u0131’n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131, hava yollar\u0131n\u0131n devreye girmesi ve petrol \u00fcretiminin artmas\u0131yla yeniden \u00f6nem kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

– \u00d6zellikle petrol kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n zenginli\u011fi Orta Do\u011fu’yu b\u00fcy\u00fck devletler i\u00e7in bir rekabet alan\u0131 h\u00e2line getirmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

– \u0130ngiltere, Osmanl\u0131 Devleti’nin XIX. y\u00fczy\u0131lda \u0130ngiltere’ye tan\u0131m\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu kapit\u00fclasyonlar sayesinde b\u00f6lgedeki \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131 muhafaza etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

– I. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131’nda Osmanl\u0131 Devleti’nin \u0130ttifak grubunda yer almas\u0131, \u0130tilaf Devletleri’nin b\u00f6lgeye y\u00f6nelik payla\u015f\u0131m planlar\u0131 haz\u0131rlamalar\u0131na yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

– Bu planlar do\u011frultusunda gizli anla\u015fmalar yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n


\n<\/ins>
\nMcMahon (Mekmeh\u0131n) Antla\u015fmas\u0131 (1915)<\/span><\/p>\n

– \u0130ngiltere’nin M\u0131s\u0131r Valisi ile Hicaz Emiri \u015eerif H\u00fcseyin aras\u0131nda yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

– Bu gizli anla\u015fmaya g\u00f6re McMahon, Araplar\u0131n Osmanl\u0131lara kar\u015f\u0131 isyan etmesi h\u00e2linde, Arap Yar\u0131madas\u0131 ile Suriye ve Irak’\u0131 i\u00e7ine alacak Arap ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131may\u0131 kabul edecektir.<\/p>\n

– Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k \u015eerif H\u00fcseyin de \u0130ngiltere’ye ekonomik konularda \u00f6ncelik verecektir.<\/p>\n

Sykes-Picot (Sayk\u0131s Piko) Antla\u015fmas\u0131 (1916)<\/span><\/p>\n

– \u0130ngiltere Mark Sykes ve Fransa (Georges Picot) aras\u0131nda imzalanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

– Bu gizli anla\u015fmaya g\u00f6re Do\u011fu Anadolu, Do\u011fu Karadeniz ve \u0130stanbul Rusya’ya; Adana, Antakya b\u00f6lgesi, Suriye k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131 ve L\u00fcbnan Fransa’ya; Musul hari\u00e7 olmak \u00fczere Irak \u0130ngiltere’ye b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

– B\u00f6lge \u00fczerinde h\u00e2kimiyet kurmak isteyen emperyalist devletler, ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k ve milliyet\u00e7ilik gibi s\u00f6ylemleri kullanarak b\u00f6lgedeki Osmanl\u0131 h\u00e2kimiyetine son vermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

– Bu g\u00fc\u00e7ler, Osmanl\u0131 Devleti’nin y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131yla b\u00f6lgede etnik ve din\u00ee farkl\u0131l\u0131klara dayal\u0131 ve istedikleri gibi idare edebilecekleri manda y\u00f6netimleri kurmu\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

– Orta Do\u011fu’daki \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 do\u011frultusunda karga\u015fa unsuru olarak etnik ve din\u00ee farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 her zaman kullanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

B\u00fcy\u00fck G\u00fc\u00e7lerin Orta Do\u011fu ve Afrika Politikalar\u0131<\/span><\/p>\n

– \u0130ngiliz D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakan\u0131 Lord Balfour, 2 Kas\u0131m 1917’de Uluslararas\u0131 Siyonizm Hareketi’nin liderlerinden Lord Rothschild’a (Lord Rot\u015fay\u0131ld) bir mektup g\u00f6ndererek Filistin’de Yahudilere bir yurt kurulmas\u0131 \u00e7abas\u0131n\u0131n \u00fclkesi taraf\u0131ndan desteklenece\u011fini bildirdi.<\/p>\n

– B\u00f6ylece Amerika’n\u0131n sempatisini kazanmay\u0131 ama\u00e7lad\u0131.<\/p>\n

– \u0130tilaf Devletleri taraf\u0131ndan da desteklenen bildiri, b\u00f6lgede kurulacak \u0130srail Devleti’nin temeli oldu.<\/p>\n


\n<\/ins>
\nBALFOUR DEKLARASYONU<\/span><\/p>\n

– \u0130ngiltere ile Fransa aras\u0131nda imzalanan ve Osmanl\u0131 Devleti’nin topraklar\u0131n\u0131n payla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7eren Sykes-Picot Antla\u015fmas\u0131 ile Orta Do\u011fu’da bir Yahudi devleti kurulmas\u0131n\u0131 kapsayan Balfour (Balfur) Deklarasyonu, Orta Do\u011fu’nun \u015fekillenmesindeki \u00f6nemli yap\u0131 ta\u015flar\u0131ndan oldu.<\/p>\n

– Arap halk\u0131n\u0131 Osmanl\u0131 Devleti’ne kar\u015f\u0131 ayakland\u0131rmak i\u00e7in \u00f6zellikle Mekke \u015eerifi H\u00fcseyin ile birtak\u0131m antla\u015fmalar yapt\u0131.<\/p>\n

– Araplara, Arap Devletleri Konfederasyonu kurmay\u0131 vadederek baz\u0131 Arap a\u015firetlerini ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 elde etmeleri i\u00e7in k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtt\u0131.<\/p>\n

a) \u0130ngiltere\u2019nin Orta Do\u011fu Politikalar\u0131<\/span><\/p>\n

– Orta Do\u011fu, \u0130ngiltere’nin s\u00f6m\u00fcrgeleriyle ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan \u00f6nemli bir konumdayd\u0131.<\/p>\n

– 1869’da S\u00fcvey\u015f Kanal\u0131’n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 ile Orta Do\u011fu’nun \u00f6nemi daha da artt\u0131.<\/p>\n

– \u0130ngiltere, 1878 Berlin Antla\u015fmas\u0131’ndan sonra Osmanl\u0131 Devleti’yle aras\u0131ndaki denge politikas\u0131n\u0131 terk etti ve Osmanl\u0131 topraklar\u0131n\u0131 i\u015fgale ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n

– I. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131’nda Mekke \u015eerifi H\u00fcseyin’le yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 Mc Mahon Antla\u015fmas\u0131 ile ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z Arap Devleti s\u00f6z\u00fc verdi fakat sava\u015f sonras\u0131 d\u00f6nemde b\u00f6lge halklar\u0131n\u0131n beklentileri kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k bulmad\u0131.<\/p>\n

Orta Do\u011fu\u2019da \u0130ngiliz Manda Y\u00f6netimleri<\/span><\/p>\n

Irak<\/span><\/p>\n

– San Remo Konferans\u0131 ile Irak’\u0131n manda idaresi \u0130ngiltere’ye teslim edildi.<\/p>\n

– \u0130ngiltere, Mekke \u015eerifi H\u00fcseyin’in o\u011flu Faysal’\u0131 Irak kral\u0131 yaparak Irak’a 1922’de \u00f6zerklik verdi.<\/p>\n

– 1930’da Irak’\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131d\u0131.<\/p>\n

– Irak, 1932’de Milletler Cemiyetine \u00fcye oldu.<\/p>\n

M\u0131s\u0131r<\/span><\/p>\n

– Osmanl\u0131 Devleti’nin I. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131’na girmesi \u00fczerine Aral\u0131k 1914’te \u0130ngiltere, M\u0131s\u0131r \u00fczerinde h\u00e2kimiyetini kurdu ve 28 \u015eubat 1922’de yay\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 deklarasyonla M\u0131s\u0131r’\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ilan etti.<\/p>\n

– S\u00fcvey\u015f Kanal\u0131 ve M\u0131s\u0131r’daki yabanc\u0131 haklar\u0131n\u0131 korumay\u0131 \u00fczerine ald\u0131.<\/p>\n

– \u0130ngiltere, 1936’da yap\u0131lan antla\u015fma ile M\u0131s\u0131r’dan \u00e7ekildi. M\u0131s\u0131r, May\u0131s 1937’de Milletler Cemiyetine \u00fcye oldu.<\/p>\n

Arabistan<\/span><\/p>\n

– I. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 ba\u015flad\u0131ktan sonra Mekke \u015eerifi H\u00fcseyin ile m\u00fccadeleye giren Suud ailesinden Abd\u00fclaziz \u0130bni Suud, 1926 Ocak ay\u0131nda kendisini Hicaz Kral\u0131 ve Necd Sultan\u0131 ilan etti.<\/p>\n

– 1932’de devletin ad\u0131 Suudi Arabistan Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131 oldu.<\/p>\n

– Suudi Arabistan ayn\u0131 y\u0131l i\u00e7erisinde Milletler Cemiyetine \u00fcye oldu.<\/p>\n

\u00dcrd\u00fcn<\/span><\/p>\n

– \u00dcrd\u00fcn, Frans\u0131z mandas\u0131ndaki Suriye Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131’na d\u00e2hildi.<\/p>\n

– Eyl\u00fcl 1922’de Milletler Cemiyeti karar\u0131 ile \u00dcrd\u00fcn Devleti kuruldu ve \u0130ngiltere mandas\u0131na b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

– \u00dcrd\u00fcn 1946’da \u0130ngiltere ile yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 antla\u015fma ile ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kazand\u0131.<\/p>\n

Filistin<\/span><\/p>\n

– \u0130ngiltere, Balfour Deklarasyonu ile bir Yahudi devletinin kurulmas\u0131n\u0131 kabul etti\u011fini ortaya koydu.<\/p>\n

– San Remo Konferans\u0131 kararlar\u0131 ile Filistin, Suriye’den ayr\u0131larak \u0130ngiltere mandas\u0131na b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

– \u0130srail Devleti, II. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 sonras\u0131 1948’de kuruldu.

Yemen<\/span><\/p>\n

– Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu’nun y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131 ile Yemen’in ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 fiili bir durum olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/p>\n

– Yemen, sava\u015f sonras\u0131 \u0130mam Yahya \u00f6nderli\u011finde \u0130ngilizlere kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadele etti ve \u0130ngiltere’ye kar\u015f\u0131 \u0130talya ile i\u015f birli\u011fini geli\u015ftirdi.<\/p>\n

– \u0130ngiltere 1934’te Yemen’in ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131d\u0131.<\/p>\n

b) Fransa\u2019n\u0131n Orta Do\u011fu Politikalar\u0131<\/span><\/p>\n

– San Remo Konferans\u0131 ile Suriye ve L\u00fcbnan, Frans\u0131z mandas\u0131na verildi.<\/p>\n

– Araplar\u0131n Suriye Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131 beklentisi San Remo Konferans\u0131’nda kar\u015f\u0131lanmad\u0131 ve Filistin, Suriye’den ayr\u0131larak \u0130ngiliz mandas\u0131na b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

– Bu durumun Suriye’de yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 hayal k\u0131r\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 halk\u0131n Frans\u0131zlara kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadele etmesine yol a\u00e7t\u0131. Frans\u0131zlar 1920 Temmuz’unda \u015eam’a girdi.<\/p>\n

– Kral Faysal kovularak y\u00f6netime Frans\u0131z y\u00fcksek komiseri getirildi.<\/p>\n

– Fransa b\u00f6lgede \u201cB\u00f6l ve y\u00f6net.\u201d anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131na dayanan bir politika izledi.<\/p>\n

– Suriye’de muhalefeti k\u0131rmak i\u00e7in \u00fclkeyi L\u00fcbnan, Alevi, D\u00fcrzi, Halep ve \u015eam olmak \u00fczere be\u015f ayr\u0131 siyasi b\u00f6lgeye ay\u0131rd\u0131. Bunlardan yaln\u0131z L\u00fcbnan bug\u00fcne kadar varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 koruyabildi.<\/p>\n

– Fransa b\u00f6lgede ya\u015fanan muhalefeti dizginlemek i\u00e7in 1926 May\u0131s’\u0131nda L\u00fcbnan’a, 1930 May\u0131s’\u0131nda Suriye2ye s\u00f6zde ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k vererek her ikisinde de y\u00f6netim bi\u00e7imini cumhuriyet olarak ilan etti.<\/p>\n

– Fransa; \u0130talyan ve Alman yay\u0131lmac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015fmesi \u00fczerine 1936’da b\u00f6lgeden \u00e7ekildi.<\/p>\n

– Fransa’n\u0131n b\u00f6lgeden tamamen \u00e7ekilmesi 1946’da ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti.<\/p>\n


Manda-S\u00f6m\u00fcrge-Emperyalizm Kavram Haritas\u0131<\/span><\/p>\n

Manda: Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131’ndan sonra baz\u0131 az geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclkeleri, kendi kendilerini y\u00f6netecek d\u00fczeye eri\u015ftirip ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa kavu\u015fturuncaya kadar Milletler Cemiyeti ad\u0131na y\u00f6netmek i\u00e7in baz\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck devletlere verilen vekillik.<\/p>\n

S\u00f6m\u00fcrge: G\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir \u00fclkenin kendisini daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc k\u0131lmak ve zenginle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in daha zay\u0131f \u00fclkenin kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 kullanmas\u0131.<\/p>\n

Emperyalizm: Bir devletin veya ulusun ba\u015fka devlet veya uluslar \u00fczerinde kendi \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 do\u011frultusunda etkide bulunmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015farak, t\u00fcm kaynaklar\u0131ndan “yararlanma” hakk\u0131na sahip olmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n


\n<\/ins>
\n MODERN KARA, DEN\u0130Z VE HAVA H\u00c2K\u0130M\u0130YET TEOR\u0130LER\u0130<\/span><\/p>\n

– XIX. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Avrupa’da b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00fclkeler, g\u00fcc\u00fc ve zenginli\u011fi \u00e7evre b\u00f6lgelere h\u00e2kim olmakla e\u015f de\u011fer g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015flerdi.<\/p>\n

– \u00dclkelerin g\u00fcc\u00fc ve zenginli\u011fi sahip olduklar\u0131 \u00e7evre b\u00f6lgelere ba\u011fl\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\n

– \u00dclkelerin kendilerine uygun jeopolitik g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri benimsemesine yol a\u00e7t\u0131.<\/p>\n

– jeopolitik teoriler \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n

Deniz H\u00e2kimiyet Teorisi<\/span><\/p>\n

– Alfred Thayer Mahan (Alfir\u0131d Dey\u0131r Meh\u0131n) \u201cD\u00fcnya egemenli\u011finin anahtar\u0131 deniz yollar\u0131n\u0131n kontrol\u00fcndedir.<\/p>\n

Kara H\u00e2kimiyet Teorisi<\/span><\/p>\n

– Halford J.Mackinder (Helf\u0131rd Cey Mek\u0131nd\u0131r) \u201cKaralara h\u00e2kim olan d\u00fcnyaya h\u00e2kim olur.\u201d<\/p>\n

Hava H\u00e2kimiyet Teorisi<\/span><\/p>\n

– Harry A. Sachaklian (Hery Sa\u00e7aklian) \u201cHavaya h\u00fckmeden bir millet t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyaya h\u00e2kim olur.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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