{"id":621,"date":"2019-05-25T09:46:00","date_gmt":"2019-05-25T06:46:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/index.php\/2019\/05\/25\/isgallerin-baslamasi-ve-milli-mucadeleye-hazirlik-2-unite-milli-mucadele-1-konu\/"},"modified":"2019-05-25T09:46:00","modified_gmt":"2019-05-25T06:46:00","slug":"isgallerin-baslamasi-ve-milli-mucadeleye-hazirlik-2-unite-milli-mucadele-1-konu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/index.php\/2019\/05\/25\/isgallerin-baslamasi-ve-milli-mucadeleye-hazirlik-2-unite-milli-mucadele-1-konu\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0130\u015eGALLER\u0130N BA\u015eLAMASI VE M\u0130LL\u00ce M\u00dcCADELEYE HAZIRLIK, 2. \u00dcN\u0130TE M\u0130LL\u00ce M\u00dcCADELE 1. KONU"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n<\/a><\/div>\n
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\nT\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti \u0130nk\u0131lap Tarihi ve Atat\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fck ders notlar\u0131, <\/b>Tarih ders notlar\u0131,<\/b> tarih ders notlar\u0131, ayt tarih ders notlar\u0131, tyt tarih ders notlar\u0131, tarih \u00f6zet, tarih 9 ders notlar\u0131, tarih 10 ders notlar\u0131, tarih 11 ders notlar\u0131, ink\u0131lap tarihi ders notlar\u0131, \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f T\u00fcrk ve d\u00fcnya <\/b>tarihi ders notlar\u0131, g\u00fcncel tarih ders notlar\u0131, \u00f6zet konu anlat\u0131m, k\u0131sa tarih, yeni kitaba g\u00f6re haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f ders notlar\u0131, yeni m\u00fcfredat tarih , tarih pdf<\/b><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\n\u0130\u00c7\u0130NDEK\u0130LER<\/span><\/b><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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<\/span><\/b><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\n<\/span><\/div>\n
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\n\u0130\u015eGALLER\u0130N BA\u015eLAMASI VE M\u0130LL\u00ce M\u00dcCADELEYE HAZIRLIK<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n


\n<\/span>
\n<\/p>\n

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\nAte\u015fkes D\u00f6nemi<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n


\n<\/span><\/p>\n

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\n\u0130zmir\u2019in \u0130\u015fgali (15 May\u0131s 1919)<\/b><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n

<\/p>\n

\n
\nKuvay-\u0131 Mill\u00eeye Direni\u015fi: Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k Ruhu<\/b><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\nCemiyetler: Direni\u015f ve Kurtulu\u015f Yollar\u0131 Aray\u0131\u015f\u0131 <\/b><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\nAz\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131n Kurdu\u011fu Cemiyetler<\/b><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\nMill\u00ee Varl\u0131\u011fa D\u00fc\u015fman Cemiyetler<\/b><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\nMill\u00ee Cemiyetler<\/b><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\n<\/span><\/div>\n
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\nMustafa Kemal Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n Samsun\u2019a \u00c7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131 (19 May\u0131s 1919)<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n


\n<\/span>
\n<\/p>\n

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\nHavza Genelgesi (28 May\u0131s 1919)<\/b><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n


\n<\/span><\/p>\n

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\nAmasya Genelgesi (22 Haziran 1919)<\/b><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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\nErzurum Kongresi (23 Temmuz-7 A\u011fustos 1919)<\/b><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\nSivas Kongresi (4-11 Eyl\u00fcl 1919)<\/b><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\nAmasya G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeleri (20\u201322 Ekim 1919)<\/b><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\nTemsil Heyeti\u2019nin Ankara\u2019ya Gelmesi (27 Aral\u0131k 1919) <\/b><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\nSon Osmanl\u0131 Mebusan Meclisi ve Misak-\u0131 Mill\u00ee (12\u201328 Ocak 1920)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\n\u0130stanbul\u2019un Resmen \u0130\u015fgali (16 Mart 1920)<\/b><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\n\u0130\u015eGALLER\u0130N BA\u015eLAMASI VE M\u0130LL\u00ce M\u00dcCADELEYE HAZIRLIK<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\nM\u00fctareke D\u00f6nemi<\/b><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\n– I. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131’n\u0131n yenik devletlerine imzalat\u0131lacak olan bar\u0131\u015f anla\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in toplanan Paris Bar\u0131\u015f<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\nKonferans\u0131’nda \u0130zmir ve \u00e7evresinin Yunanistan taraf\u0131ndan i\u015fgal edilmesi kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\n– \u0130tilaf Devletleri, Paris Bar\u0131\u015f Konferans\u0131’ndan \u00f6nce, Mondros Ate\u015fkes Antla\u015fmas\u0131’n\u0131n imzalanmas\u0131n\u0131n hemen<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\nard\u0131ndan antla\u015fman\u0131n 7. maddesine dayanarak i\u015fgallere ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\n– \u0130lk olarak Musul, \u0130ngilizler taraf\u0131ndan i\u015fgal edilmi\u015fti.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n– Frans\u0131zlar da Hatay’\u0131n D\u00f6rtyol il\u00e7esini i\u015fgal etmi\u015flerdi.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n– Frans\u0131zlara kar\u015f\u0131, silahl\u0131 ilk halk direni\u015f hareketi de ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n\u0130zmir\u2019in \u0130\u015fgali (15 May\u0131s 1919)<\/b><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n– \u0130ngiltere’nin b\u00fcy\u00fck deste\u011fi neticesinde Paris Bar\u0131\u015f Konferans\u0131’nda, Yunan ordusunun \u0130zmir’i i\u015fgali kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\n– \u0130stanbul H\u00fck\u00fbmeti’ne bu i\u015fgalin Mondros Ate\u015fkes Antla\u015fmas\u0131’n\u0131n 7. maddesi gere\u011fince yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 bildirildi.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\n– Damat Ferit Pa\u015fa H\u00fck\u00fbmeti’nden gelen emirler gere\u011fi, \u0130zmir Valisi \u0130zzet Bey ve Kolordu Komutan\u0131 Ali Nadir<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\nPa\u015fa’dan i\u015fgal hareketine kar\u015f\u0131 koymamalar\u0131 ve i\u015fgal kuvvetlerine kar\u015f\u0131 gereken kolayl\u0131\u011f\u0131n g\u00f6sterilmesi istendi.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n-15 May\u0131s 1919 sabah\u0131nda, bir \u0130ngiliz gemisinin deste\u011findeki Yunan ordusu \u0130zmir’e asker \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\n– Hukuk-u Be\u015fer gazetesi yazar\u0131 Hasan Tahsin, silah\u0131n\u0131 ate\u015fleyerek Yunan bayra\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan askeri vurdu.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\n– \u0130zmir’de ilk silahl\u0131 direni\u015f ba\u015flarken Hasan Tahsin de \u015fehit d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\n– Yunanl\u0131lar, Ayd\u0131n, Nazilli, Akhisar ve Ayval\u0131k’\u0131 i\u015fgal etti.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\nKuvay-\u0131 Mill\u00eeye Direni\u015fi: Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k Ruhu<\/b><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n– Kuvay-\u0131 Mill\u00eeye, Mondros Ate\u015fkes Antla\u015fmas\u0131’ndan sonra, vatan\u0131 i\u015fgal eden d\u00fc\u015fmanla ve az\u0131nl\u0131k faaliyetlerine kar\u015f\u0131<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\n\u00e7arp\u0131\u015fan silahl\u0131 gruplar\u0131 ve onlara maddi, manevi ya da fikirsel yard\u0131mda bulunan herkesi kapsamaktad\u0131r.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\nCemiyetler: Direni\u015f ve Kurtulu\u015f Yollar\u0131 Aray\u0131\u015f\u0131 <\/b><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n– \u0130tilaf Devletleri bir yandan i\u015fgal ettikleri yerleri geni\u015fletirken, di\u011fer yandan da Anadolu ve Trakya’da ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\nelde etme emeliyle harekete ge\u00e7en az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131 k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rt\u0131yor ve kullan\u0131yorlard\u0131.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\nBu giri\u015fimlere kar\u015f\u0131 kurulan M\u00fcdafaa-i Hukuk-u Mill\u00eeye Cemiyetleri ile bir taraftan siyasi faaliyetler ba\u015flarken, di\u011fer<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\ntaraftan Kuvay-\u0131 Mill\u00eeye ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda asker\u00ee kurumlar olu\u015fturulmaya ba\u015fland\u0131.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\nKurulu\u015f ama\u00e7lar\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnden ele al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00fc\u00e7 grup cemiyet olu\u015ftu.<\/b><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\nI-Az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131n Kurdu\u011fu Cemiyetler<\/b><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n– Rum, Ermeni ve Museviler taraf\u0131ndan kurulan bu cemiyetlerin ortak amac\u0131, da\u011f\u0131lan Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\ntopraklar\u0131ndan pay almak ve kendi devletlerini kurmakt\u0131.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\nMavr-i Mira (Kara G\u00fcn) Cemiyeti :<\/b><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n– Megalo \u0130dea (B\u00fcy\u00fck \u00dclk\u00fc) amac\u0131yla hareket ediyordu. Ana hedefi Bizans \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131na yeniden<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\nula\u015ft\u0131rmakt\u0131.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\n– Yunan K\u0131z\u0131lha\u00e7\u0131, G\u00f6\u00e7menler Cemiyeti ve Rum \u0130zcilik Okulu taraf\u0131ndan destekleniyordu.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\nEtnik-i Eterya :<\/b><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\n– 1821’de Yunan isyan\u0131n\u0131 Patrikhane ile birlikte \u00e7\u0131karan cemiyettir.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\n– M\u00fctareke D\u00f6nemi’nde Bat\u0131 Anadolu’da Rum n\u00fcfusunun art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve Trabzon dolaylar\u0131nda Pontus Rum<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\nDevleti’nin kurulmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\nPontus Rum Cemiyeti :<\/b><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\n– Do\u011fu Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131nda bir Pontus Devleti kurulmas\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi, Yunanistan’\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 elde etti\u011fi y\u0131llara<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\nkadar gitmektedir.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\n– Yunan Megalo \u0130deas\u0131’n\u0131n (B\u00fcy\u00fck \u00dclk\u00fc) hedeflerinden biridir.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\n– Misyonerlik faaliyetleri de y\u00fcr\u00fcten Merzifon Amerikan Kolejinin etkisiyle 1904’te Pontus Cemiyeti kuruldu.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\n– \u0130stanbul’daki Fener Rum Patrikhanesi ve ona ba\u011fl\u0131 kiliseler, Pontus Devleti kurma giri\u015fimine h\u0131z verdiler.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\n– Ruslar, Rum \u00e7etelerinin de yard\u0131m\u0131yla Trabzon ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere Karadeniz B\u00f6lgesi’nin bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 i\u015fgal ettiler.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\n– Pontus sorunu, Lozan Bar\u0131\u015f Antla\u015fmas\u0131 ile tarihe kar\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, Yunanistan yapay olarak Pontus<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\nmeselesini g\u00fcndeme getirmeye devam etmi\u015ftir.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\n– 1985 y\u0131l\u0131ndan itibaren s\u00f6zde \u201cPontus Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131\u201d iddialar\u0131na h\u0131z vermi\u015f, 19 May\u0131s g\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fc s\u00f6zde \u201cPontus Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131’n\u0131 Anma G\u00fcn\u00fc\u201d olarak kabul eden tarih\u00ee ger\u00e7eklerle uyu\u015fmayan bir yasa \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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\nTa\u015fnak S\u00fctyun ve H\u0131n\u00e7ak Cemiyetleri :<\/b><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n– Ama\u00e7lar\u0131 Do\u011fu Anadolu’da ve \u00c7ukurova y\u00f6resinde Ermeni Devleti kurmakt\u0131.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n– Ermeni Patri\u011fi Zaven Efendi taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6netilen H\u0131n\u00e7ak Komitesi, Mavri Mira Cemiyeti ile de i\u015f birli\u011fi yapt\u0131.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\nAlyans \u0130srailit ve Makabi Cemiyetleri :<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\n– Bu cemiyetlerin amac\u0131 Filistin’de \u0130srail Devleti’nin kurulmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamakt\u0131.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n– Osmanl\u0131 Devleti’nde ya\u015fayan Yahudilerin ticari \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 i\u00e7in u\u011fra\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\nMill\u00ee Varl\u0131\u011fa D\u00fc\u015fman Cemiyetler<\/b><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n– Mill\u00ee varl\u0131\u011fa d\u00fc\u015fman cemiyetlerin \u00e7o\u011fu \u0130tilaf Devletleri’nin, \u00f6zellikle de \u0130ngilizlerin deste\u011fiyle kurulmu\u015f ve y\u00f6nlendirilmi\u015flerdir.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n– Halk\u0131n g\u00fcc\u00fcne dayanarak ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n sa\u011flanabilece\u011fine inanmad\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in \u0130stanbul H\u00fck\u00fbmeti’nin politikalar\u0131n\u0131<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\ndesteklemi\u015fler ya da g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir devletin manda ve himayesini istemi\u015flerdi.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n– Bu cemiyetlerin faaliyetleri mill\u00ee birli\u011fi bozucu sonu\u00e7lar do\u011furmu\u015ftur.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\nK\u00fcrt Teali Cemiyeti :<\/b><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n– \u0130ngilizlerin deste\u011fi ile \u0130stanbul’da kurulan bu cemiyetin amac\u0131, ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir K\u00fcrt devleti kurmakt\u0131.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\n\u0130slam Teali Cemiyeti :<\/b><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n– \u0130stanbul’da baz\u0131 medrese hocalar\u0131 \u00f6nderli\u011finde kurulan bu cemiyetin amac\u0131, hilafet ve saltanat\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lendirerek<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\nkurtulu\u015fu sa\u011flamakt\u0131.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\nWilson Prensipleri Cemiyeti :<\/b><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n– Halide Edip, Ahmet Emin, Refik Halit gibi Osmanl\u0131 ayd\u0131nlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan kurulan cemiyet, kurtulu\u015fun ancak Amerika<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\nmandas\u0131na girmekle m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olabilece\u011fini savunuyordu.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\n\u0130ngiliz Muhipleri Cemiyeti :<\/b><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n– \u0130ngilizlerin deste\u011fi ile \u0130stanbul’da kurulmu\u015ftur.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n– Sadrazam Damat Ferit Pa\u015fa ve baz\u0131 devlet adamlar\u0131nca desteklenmi\u015ftir.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\n– Cemiyetin ana gayesi, Osmanl\u0131 ve \u0130ngiliz dostlu\u011funu g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmek ve \u0130ngiltere’nin koruyuculu\u011fu alt\u0131na girmeyi<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\nsa\u011flayabilmektir.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\nH\u00fcrriyet ve \u0130tilaf F\u0131rkas\u0131 :<\/b><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n– 1911’de \u0130ttihat ve Terakki’ye kar\u015f\u0131 olanlar\u0131n kurdu\u011fu partidir.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n– Anadolu’da ba\u015flayan kurtulu\u015f hareketini \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n i\u015fi olarak g\u00f6rd\u00fckleri i\u00e7in bu harekete kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\nSulh ve Selamet-i Osmani F\u0131rkas\u0131 :<\/b><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n– Ulemadan bir grup taraf\u0131ndan \u0130stanbul’da kurulmu\u015ftur.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\n– \u00dclkenin kurtulu\u015funun ancak padi\u015fah ve halifenin emirlerine m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 savunmu\u015flard\u0131r.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\nMill\u00ee Cemiyetler<\/b><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n– \u0130tilaf Devletleri, Mondros Ate\u015fkes Antla\u015fmas\u0131’n\u0131n 7. Maddesini hukuk\u00ee dayanak g\u00f6stererek, \u00fclkenin \u00e7e\u015fitli yerlerine asker \u00e7\u0131karmaya ba\u015flad\u0131lar. Bu geli\u015fmelerden cesaret alan az\u0131nl\u0131klar da kendi emelleri do\u011frultusunda harekete ge\u00e7erek, T\u00fcrklere kar\u015f\u0131 ta\u015fk\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 artt\u0131rd\u0131lar. \u0130stanbul H\u00fck\u00fbmeti’nin bu duruma sessiz kalmas\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda T\u00fcrk ayd\u0131nlar\u0131 harekete ge\u00e7tiler. Vatan\u0131 koruma ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z ya\u015fama iste\u011fi do\u011frultusunda cemiyetler kurdular.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\nB\u00f6lgesel ama\u00e7l\u0131 kurulan bu cemiyetlerin ortak baz\u0131 \u00f6zellikleri \u015eunlard\u0131r:<\/b><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n1. B\u00f6lgelerinin T\u00fcrkl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc kan\u0131tlamak \u00e7abas\u0131ndayd\u0131lar. Bunun i\u00e7in de tarihsel ger\u00e7eklerle birlikte n\u00fcfus \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funa<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n\u00f6nem vermi\u015flerdir.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n2. Wilson \u0130lkeleri’nin 12. Maddesinden yararlanmak istemi\u015flerdir.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n3. B\u00f6lge halk\u0131n\u0131n deste\u011fini ve birli\u011fi sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in geni\u015f kat\u0131l\u0131ml\u0131 kongreler d\u00fczenlemi\u015flerdir.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n4. Haklar\u0131n\u0131 savunmak, isteklerini iletmek i\u00e7in Paris Bar\u0131\u015f Konferans\u0131’na ve \u0130stanbul’daki \u0130tilaf Devletleri<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\ntemsilcilerine heyetler g\u00f6ndermi\u015flerdir.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n5. B\u00f6lgelerini i\u015fgalcilere ve az\u0131nl\u0131klara kar\u015f\u0131 savunmu\u015flard\u0131r.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\nTrakya-Pa\u015faeli M\u00fcdafaa-i Hukuk Cemiyeti : (1918)<\/b><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n– Merkezi: Edirne’dir.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n– Amac\u0131: Trakya’daki Rum ta\u015fk\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 engellemek, bu b\u00f6lgenin Yunanistan’a kat\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 engellemektir.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n– Edirne ve L\u00fcleburgaz’da kongre yapm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n– Trakya’da ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir T\u00fcrk devletinin kurulu\u015funu ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmi\u015fler, sonra Anadolu hareketine kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n– Bas\u0131n yolu ile Trakya’n\u0131n T\u00fcrk yurdu oldu\u011funu duyurmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n\u015eark Vilayetleri M\u00fcdafaa-i Hukuk Cemiyeti (Do\u011fu Anadolu M\u00fcdafaa-i Hukuk Cemiyeti) :<\/b><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n– Merkezi \u0130stanbul’dad\u0131r. Anadolu’nun do\u011fusunda bir Ermeni Devleti kurulmas\u0131 planlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek ve b\u00f6lge halk\u0131n\u0131n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\nhaklar\u0131n\u0131 savunmak i\u00e7in m\u00fccadele etmi\u015flerdir. Erzurum Kongresi, bu cemiyet taraf\u0131ndan d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n\u0130zmir M\u00fcdafaa-i Hukuk Cemiyeti :<\/b><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n– \u0130zmir’de kurulmu\u015ftur.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n– \u0130zmir ve Ege B\u00f6lgesi’nin T\u00fcrklere ait oldu\u011funu d\u00fcnyaya kan\u0131tlamak ve b\u00f6lgenin Yunanistan’a verilmesini \u00f6nlemek<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\namac\u0131yla m\u00fccadele etmi\u015ftir.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

<\/ins><\/p>\n

\n
\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n\u0130zmir Redd-i \u0130lhak Cemiyeti :<\/b><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n– \u00d6nce M\u00fcdafaa-i Hukuk ad\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan bu cemiyet, \u0130zmir’in Yunanistan taraf\u0131ndan i\u015fgal edilece\u011finin \u00f6\u011frenilmesi<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n\u00fczerine kurulmu\u015ftur. Bu i\u015fgale kar\u015f\u0131 silahl\u0131 m\u00fccadeleyi ba\u015flatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\nTrabzon Muhafaza-i Hukuk-u Mill\u00eeye Cemiyeti :<\/b><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n– Trabzon ve civar\u0131n\u0131n Rumlara verilerek bu b\u00f6lgede Pontus Rum Devleti’nin kurulmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek; i\u015fgallere ve<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\nPontus \u00e7etelerine kar\u015f\u0131 silahl\u0131 direni\u015fte bulunmak \u00fczere kurulmu\u015ftur.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n– Erzurum Kongresi’nin toplanmas\u0131nda Do\u011fu Anadolu M\u00fcdafaa-i Hukuk Cemiyeti ile birlikte \u00f6nemli rol oynam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\nKilikyal\u0131lar Cemiyeti :<\/b><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n– Merkezi \u0130stanbul’dur.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n– Adana ve \u00e7evresini i\u015fgal eden Frans\u0131zlar ve Frans\u0131z ordusunda yer alan Ermenilerin sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 b\u00f6lgede silahl\u0131 direni\u015fi ba\u015flatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Pozant\u0131 Kongresi’ni toplam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\nMill\u00ee Kongre Cemiyeti :<\/b><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n– \u0130stanbul’da kurulan bu cemiyetin di\u011fer cemiyetlerden fark\u0131, \u00fclke genelinde partiler \u00fcst\u00fc bir \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmeyi sa\u011flamakt\u0131.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\nCemiyetin amac\u0131, T\u00fcrkler aleyhine bas\u0131n ve yay\u0131n yoluyla yap\u0131lan olumsuz propagandalar\u0131 engellemekti.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\nNot:<\/b><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n– Bu cemiyetler; birbirlerinden habersiz, y\u00f6relerin kurtulu\u015fu amac\u0131 ile kurulan ve kongreler d\u00fczenleyen cemiyetlerdir.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n– M. Kem\u00e2l’in de gayretleri ile bunlar Anadolu ve Rumeli M\u00fcdafaa-i Hukuk Cemiyetleri ad\u0131 ile birle\u015fmi\u015flerdir.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

<\/ins><\/p>\n

\n
\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\nMustafa Kemal Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n Samsun\u2019a \u00c7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131 (19 May\u0131s 1919)<\/b><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n– Mustafa Kemal Pa\u015fa ve onun emrindeki 18 arkada\u015f\u0131 b\u00f6lgede asayi\u015f sa\u011flamak ve bozulan d\u00fczeni yeniden in\u015fa etmek \u00fczere harekete ge\u00e7ti.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n– \u0130stanbul’dan Samsun’a do\u011fru 16 May\u0131s 1919’da Band\u0131rma vapuruyla yola \u00e7\u0131kan heyet, 19 May\u0131s 1919 sabah\u0131 saat 6’da Samsun Liman\u0131’na ula\u015ft\u0131.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\nMustafa Kemal’in Samsun\u2019a:<\/b><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n– Resmi g\u00f6revli olarak \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f:<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n– Askeri g\u00f6revi: 9. Ordu M\u00fcfetti\u015fi,<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n– \u0130dari g\u00f6revi: Do\u011fu Karadeniz’de meydana gelen Pontus Rum \u00c7eteleri ile yerel milis kuvvetler aras\u0131ndaki<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\nuyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131 gidermek.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n– Hukuk\u00ee g\u00f6revi: Tefti\u015flerde bulunmak, amac\u0131 ile Samsun’a \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\nMustafa Kemal Pa\u015fa, Samsun’a \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131ktan sonra b\u00f6lgedeki durumu inceleyerek Damat Ferit Pa\u015fa H\u00fck\u00fbmeti’ne bir<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\nrapor g\u00f6nderdi (22 May\u0131s 1919).<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\nHavza Genelgesi (28 May\u0131s 1919)<\/b><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n– Mustafa Kemal “Anadolu halk\u0131n\u0131 uyarmak” amac\u0131 ile Havza’da “\u0130\u015fgallere kar\u015f\u0131 konulmas\u0131n\u0131, \u0130stanbul h\u00fck\u00fcmetine<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\nprotesto telgraflar\u0131 \u00e7ekilmesini” isteyen bir genelge yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015f, 30 May\u0131s’ta ise bir miting d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\nBildiri ile;<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n– \u0130\u015fgallerin protesto edilmesi i\u00e7in mitingler yap\u0131lmas\u0131,<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n– \u0130tilaf Devletleri temsilciliklerine uyar\u0131 telgraflar\u0131 g\u00f6nderilmesi,<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n– Hristiyan az\u0131nl\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131 ve d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131klarda bulunulmamas\u0131 istenmi\u015ftir.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\nMustafa Kemal Pa\u015fa\u2019ya \u201cGeri D\u00f6n\u201d \u00c7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131s\u0131 (13 Haziran 1919)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n– \u0130ngiltere- Damat Ferit H\u00fck\u00fbmetine bask\u0131 yaparak Mustafa Kemal Pa\u015fa’n\u0131n geri \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 istedi. 8 Haziran1919<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\ntarihinde \u201cGeri D\u00f6n\u201d \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131na itibar etmeyen Mustafa Kemal Pa\u015fa, 13 Haziran 1919 tarihinde Amasya’ya hareket<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\netti.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\nAmasya Genelgesi (22 Haziran 1919)<\/b><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n– M. Kemal Havza’dan Amasya’ya ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n– Amasya’ya yak\u0131n silah arkada\u015flar\u0131 Rauf (Orbay) Bey, Refet (Bele) Bey, Ali Fuat (Cebesoy) Bey, Kaz\u0131m Karabekir<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\nBey (telgrafla) gibi \u00f6nemli \u015fah\u0131slarla g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fen M. Kemal Amasya Genelgesini yay\u0131nlad\u0131.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n– Genelgenin 1-2. maddelerinde Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131n gerek\u00e7esi, 3-4,maddelerinde Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131n ama\u00e7lar\u0131 ve<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n5,6,7. Maddelerinde ise Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131’n\u0131n metodunu (y\u00f6ntem) belirlemi\u015ftir.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

<\/ins><\/p>\n

\n
\nAmasya Genelgesinin \u00d6nemi<\/b><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n– Milletin kendi kurtulu\u015f karar\u0131n\u0131 vermesi T\u00fcrk tarihinde ilk kez oluyordu.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n– Belge bir uyan\u0131\u015f ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k sava\u015f\u0131 \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n– Kurtulu\u015f sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131n amac\u0131n\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmesini ve metodunu belirleyen bir g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcmdedir.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n– \u0130stanbul h\u00fck\u00fcmetine ve i\u015fgalci g\u00fc\u00e7lere kar\u015f\u0131 bir ba\u015fkald\u0131r\u0131 vard\u0131r.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n– \u0130lerde kurulacak devletin \u015feklini ve Cumhuriyet rejimini belirleyen bir belgedir.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n– Mill\u00ee egemenlikten bahseden bir belgedir.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\nKONGRELER<\/b><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n– 1919 y\u0131l\u0131 Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131n haz\u0131rl\u0131k d\u00f6neminin en \u00f6nemli a\u015famas\u0131, kongrelerin yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u0131ld\u0131r.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n
<\/b><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n\u0130zmir M\u00fcdafaa-i Hukuk Kongresi (2-19 Mart 1919)<\/b><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n– \u0130zmir’de topland\u0131. D\u00fc\u015fman sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 silahl\u0131 eylem yapma karar\u0131 ald\u0131.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\nEdirne Kongresi (9-13 May\u0131s 1919)<\/b><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n– Trakya Pa\u015faeli cemiyeti bu kongreyi ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi. Yunanl\u0131lara kar\u015f\u0131 koyma karar\u0131 al\u0131nd\u0131.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\nBal\u0131kesir Kongresi (26-30 Temmuz 1919)<\/b><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n– Bal\u0131kesir de topland\u0131. Y\u00f6resel kararlar al\u0131nd\u0131. Sivas’a delege g\u00f6ndermemi\u015ftir.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\nNazilli Kongresi (9 A\u011fustos 1919)<\/b><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n– Nazilli de topland\u0131. Mu\u011fla, Burdur, Antalya illerinde varl\u0131k g\u00f6sterdi. D\u00fc\u015fmana kar\u015f\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme karar\u0131 al\u0131nd\u0131.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\nAla\u015fehir Kongresi (16-25 A\u011fustos 1919)<\/b><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n– B\u00f6lgede d\u00fc\u015fmana kar\u015f\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme karar\u0131 al\u0131r. Bal\u0131kesir kongresinde al\u0131nan kararla burada al\u0131nan kararlar onayland\u0131.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\nErzurum Kongresi (23 Temmuz-7 A\u011fustos 1919)<\/b><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\nNeden:<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n– Bu kongre Erzurum’da bir \u015fubesi bulunan \u015eark vilayetleri M\u00fcdafaa-i Hukuk-u Mill\u00eeye Cemiyeti ile Trabzon<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\nMuhafazaa-i hukuk Cemiyeti’nin birlikte haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir kongredir.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n– Trabzon’da Pontus Devleti kurulacak, Do\u011fu Karadeniz’i i\u00e7ine alacakt\u0131. Do\u011fu Anadolu’da ise, Ermeni Devleti<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\nkurulmas\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcyordu. Bunlara engel olmak gayesi ile toplant\u0131 yap\u0131ld\u0131.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n– Kongreye Erzurum, Sivas, Bitlis, Van ve Trabzon temsilcileri kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n– Erzurum, stratejik olarak, galip devletlerin zor ula\u015facaklar\u0131 yerde olmas\u0131, silah ve cephane depolar\u0131n\u0131n bulunmas\u0131,<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n15. kolordunun da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 ile \u00f6nemlidir.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n– Ermenilerin buray\u0131 hedef olarak belirlenmeleri, ula\u015f\u0131m imkanlar\u0131 nedeniyle se\u00e7ilmi\u015ftir.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n– 62 \u00fcye kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n– Mustafa Kemal son anda Erzurum kongresine kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n– Oy \u00e7oklu\u011fu ile ba\u015fkan se\u00e7ilmi\u015ftir.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n– Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131n temelini bu kongre olu\u015fturur.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n– Al\u0131nan kararlar Mill\u00ee M\u00fccadelenin temel kurallar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\nErzurum Kongresinin \u00d6nemi:<\/b><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\nBu kongre toplan\u0131\u015f\u0131 ile mahall\u00ee, ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararlar\u0131n \u00f6zellikleri sebebi ile milli bir \u00f6zelli\u011fe sahiptir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc;<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n– \u00dclke b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6z konusu edilmi\u015ftir.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n– Mahall\u00ee irade yerine mill\u00ee iradeden bahseder.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n– Anadolu’da \u0130stanbul h\u00fck\u00fcmeti vazifesini yapmazsa bir h\u00fck\u00fcmetten bahseder.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\nKongre kendinden sonraki olaylar\u0131 etkilemi\u015ftir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc;<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n– Sivas’ta al\u0131nan kararlar bu kongrenin kararlar\u0131na dayan\u0131r.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n– B.M.M. toplan\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararlar Erzurum kongresine dayan\u0131r.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n– \u0130rade-i milliye’yi hakim k\u0131lma Cumhuriyet rejiminin \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc olu\u015fturur.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n– Erzurum kongresinde olu\u015fan Heyet-i Temsiliye’yi son derece \u00f6nemlidir. Heyet-i Temsiliye B.M.M. H\u00fck\u00fcmet<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\nolu\u015fumuna kadar y\u00fcr\u00fctme elinde bulundurma.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

<\/ins><\/p>\n

\n
\n
<\/b><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\nSivas Kongresi (4-11 Eyl\u00fcl 1919)<\/b><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n– Amasya Genelgesinde yap\u0131lan \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131d\u0131r.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n– Kongrede yap\u0131lan ilk i\u015f Erzurum Kongresinde al\u0131nan kararlar\u0131n yurda duyurulmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamakt\u0131r.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n– \u0130\u015fgalci g\u00fc\u00e7ler ve \u0130stanbul h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin kongrenin yap\u0131lmamas\u0131na \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131lar.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n– Elaz\u0131\u011f valisi Ali Galip Bey’e kongreyi basmak, toplanmadan da\u011f\u0131tmak gayesi ile M. Kemal ve arkada\u015flar\u0131n\u0131<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\ntutuklatmak g\u00f6revi verilmi\u015ftir. Ali Galip Bey g\u00f6revini yapmam\u0131\u015f ve Halep’e ka\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Frans\u0131zlar Re\u015fit Beyi<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\ntutuklam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n– Kongre \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na 38 ki\u015fi kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\nSivas Kongresinin \u00d6nemi<\/b><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n– \u0130stanbul h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin Amasya Genelgesi sonras\u0131 hakk\u0131nda tutuklama karar\u0131 verdi\u011fi M. Kemal’in kongre ba\u015fkan\u0131<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\nolmas\u0131 ile Sivas Kongresi ihtilalci bir yap\u0131ya b\u00fcr\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n– \u0130\u015fgallere kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131l\u0131p mandac\u0131l\u0131k kesinlikle reddedilmi\u015ftir.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n– Kay\u0131ts\u0131z \u015farts\u0131z ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k ilkesi benimsenmi\u015ftir.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n– M. Kemal mill\u00ee m\u00fccadelenin fiili lideri olmu\u015ftur.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n– Sivas Kongresindeki geli\u015fmeler \u0130stanbul h\u00fck\u00fcmetini etkilemi\u015f, Damat Ferit Pa\u015fa \u00fclkeyi y\u00f6netemez h\u00e2le gelince<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\nistifa etmek zorunda kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (30 Eyl\u00fcl 1919).<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n– Bu durum Temsil Heyeti’nin \u0130stanbul kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda elde etti\u011fi ilk siyasi ba\u015far\u0131d\u0131r.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n– Yeni kabine Anadolu hareketini ciddiye alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n– \u0130rade-i Milliye isimli gazete bu kongre s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\nAmiral Bristol Raporu (11 Ekim 1919)<\/b><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\nYunanlar\u0131n \u0130zmir’i i\u015fgal etmesinden sonra T\u00fcrkler, yap\u0131lan bu i\u015fgalin haks\u0131z oldu\u011funu bas\u0131n yoluyla d\u00fcnya<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\nkamuoyuna bildirdi. Bu durum kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda sorumlu olan \u0130tilaf Devletleri ara\u015ft\u0131rma yapmak \u00fczere b\u00f6lgeye bir heyet<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\ng\u00f6nderdi.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n– Amiral Bristol ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u0130ngiliz, Frans\u0131z ve \u0130talyan generallerden olu\u015fan bu heyet incelemelerde bulundu.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\nAmiral Bristol bir rapor haz\u0131rlad\u0131.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\nBu raporda;<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n1. B\u00f6lgedeki olaylar\u0131n sorumlusu Yunanl\u0131lar ve Rumlard\u0131r. T\u00fcrkler \u00e7e\u015fitli zul\u00fcmlere ve katliama u\u011fram\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n2. B\u00f6lgede \u00e7o\u011funluk T\u00fcrklerden olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n3. Yunan ordusunun i\u015fgali gereksiz ve haks\u0131zd\u0131r. Yunan kuvvetleri \u00e7ekilip, yerine \u0130tilaf kuvvetleri gelmelidir.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\nkararlar\u0131 al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

<\/ins><\/p>\n

\n
\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\nAmasya G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeleri (20\u201322 Ekim 1919)<\/b><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n– Sivas Kongresi sonras\u0131 Damat Ferit H\u00fck\u00fbmetinin istifas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan yeni h\u00fck\u00fbmeti kuran Ali R\u0131za Pa\u015fa, Mill\u00ee<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\nM\u00fccadele’ye daha \u0131l\u0131ml\u0131 bak\u0131yordu.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n– Mustafa Kemal Pa\u015fa yeni kurulan bu h\u00fck\u00fbmeti destekleyerek Erzurum ve Sivas -Kongresi kararlar\u0131na ve kurulan mill\u00ee te\u015fkilata sayg\u0131l\u0131 olunmas\u0131n\u0131 istedi.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n– 9 Ekim 1919’da Ali R\u0131za Pa\u015fa, Temsil Heyeti’ne g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme iste\u011finde bulundu.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n– Mustafa Kemal Pa\u015fa ve Temsil Heyeti, Ali R\u0131za Pa\u015fa’n\u0131n bu talebini mill\u00ee birlik ve beraberlik a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemli bir<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\ngeli\u015fme olarak de\u011ferlendirdi.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n– Bu geli\u015fmenin ard\u0131ndan Amasya’da 20-22 Ekim 1919 tarihleri aras\u0131nda bir araya gelindi.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\nG\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeye Kat\u0131lanlar:<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n\u0130stanbul h\u00fck\u00fcmetini temsilen Ali R\u0131za Pa\u015fa h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin Bahriye Naz\u0131r\u0131 Salih Pa\u015fa ile Anadolu’daki cemiyetleri<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\ntemsilen M. Kemal, Rauf Orbay Bekir Sami Bey g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelere kat\u0131ld\u0131.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n– \u0130stanbul h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin Anadolu’daki Anadolu ve Rumeli m\u00fcdafaa-i Hukuk Cemiyetini resmen tan\u0131d\u0131.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n– “Milletin istiklalini, yine milletin azim ve iradesi kurtaracakt\u0131r” s\u00f6z\u00fc \u00fclkeye ve d\u00fcnyaya duyurulmu\u015f oldu.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\nTemsil Heyeti\u2019nin Ankara\u2019ya Gelmesi (27 Aral\u0131k 1919)<\/b><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n– Mill\u00ee m\u00fccadele ile ilgili Erzurum ve Sivas Kongreleri yap\u0131l\u0131rken Bat\u0131 Anadolu’da i\u015fgaller yayg\u0131nla\u015f\u0131yordu.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n– Heyet-i Temsili’ye geli\u015fmeleri daha yak\u0131ndan izlemek gayesi ile Ankara’y\u0131 merkez olarak se\u00e7ti.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\nAnkara\u2019n\u0131n Merkez olma nedenleri:<\/b><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n– Bat\u0131 cephesine yak\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131,<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n– \u0130stanbul’a Ankara’n\u0131n Sivasa g\u00f6re daha yak\u0131n olmas\u0131,<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n– Ankara’n\u0131n haberle\u015fme ve demiryolu gibi ula\u015f\u0131m imk\u00e2nlar\u0131na sahip olmas\u0131,<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n– Ankara’n\u0131n merkezi bir yerde bulunmas\u0131,<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n– G\u00fcvenilir bir yer olmas\u0131,<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n– Buran\u0131n kontrol\u00fcn\u00fcn Ali Fuat Cebesoy’da olmas\u0131,<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n– Ankara halk\u0131n\u0131n misafirperver davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131,<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\nTemsil kurulu (Heyeti Temsiliye) M. Kemal ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda 27 Aral\u0131k 1919’da Ankara’ya geldi.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n– Sivas Kongresi sonras\u0131 yay\u0131nlanan “\u0130rade-i Milliye” gazetesi, “Hakimiyet-i Milliye” ad\u0131 ile yay\u0131nlanmaya ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\nUyar\u0131: Bu tarihten sonra Ankara hem Mill\u00ee m\u00fccadelenin hem de Cumhuriyetin merkezi haline geldi.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\nSon Osmanl\u0131 Mebusan Meclisi ve Misak-\u0131 Mill\u00ee (12\u201328 Ocak 1920)<\/b><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\nAmasya G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeleri sonras\u0131nda Kas\u0131m 1919’dan itibaren Meclis-i Mebusan i\u00e7in se\u00e7imler yap\u0131lmaya ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\nSe\u00e7imlerde M\u00fcdafa-i Hukuk Cemiyeti \u00fcyeleri ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 oldu.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\nUyar\u0131: \u0130tilaf Devletleri yap\u0131lan se\u00e7imlere meclisten kendi aleyhlerine bir karar \u00e7\u0131kmayaca\u011f\u0131na inand\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in kar\u015f\u0131<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n\u00e7\u0131kmad\u0131lar.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n– Meclis 12 Ocak 1920’de faaliyetlerine ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n– M\u00fcdafa-i Hukuk grubu yerine Felah-\u0131 Vatan grubu olu\u015ftu.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n– M. Kemal ba\u015fkan se\u00e7ilemedi.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\nUyar\u0131:<\/b> Bu durum meclistekilerin padi\u015faha ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n– Misak-\u0131 Mill\u00ee kararlar\u0131n\u0131 kabul ettiler.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\nMisak-I Mill\u00ee (Ulusal Ant) (Peyam-\u0131 Milli) (28 Ocak 1920)<\/b><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\nMisak-\u0131 Mill\u00ee, \u00e7izilen s\u0131n\u0131rlar i\u00e7inde tam ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in vatanseverlerin ortakla\u015fa yapt\u0131klar\u0131 yemin<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\nbelgesidir.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\nUyar\u0131<\/b>: Misak-\u0131 Mill\u00ee belgesi Sivas Kongresinde haz\u0131rland\u0131.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n– Son Osmanl\u0131 Mebusan Meclisi onaylad\u0131. Cumhuriyetin ilan\u0131 ile bu belgede istenenler ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n– Erzurum ve Sivas kongrelerinin devam\u0131 niteli\u011finde olan bu mill\u00ee kararlar, T\u00fcrk milletinin tarih boyunca birlik ve<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\nberaberlik i\u00e7inde oldu\u011funu a\u00e7\u0131k bir \u015fekilde g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n– Misak-\u0131 Mill\u00ee ile birlikte vatan\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 belirlenmi\u015ftir.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n– T\u00fcrk milletinin istekleri t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyaya duyurularak kapit\u00fclasyonlar reddedilmi\u015ftir.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n– 28 Ocak 1920 g\u00fcn\u00fc kabul edilen Misak-\u0131 Mill\u00ee kararlar\u0131 17 \u015eubat 1920’de ilan edildi.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

<\/ins><\/p>\n

\n
\nMisak-\u0131 Mill\u00ee kararlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemi:<\/b><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n– T\u00fcrk vatan\u0131n\u0131n milli ve b\u00f6l\u00fcnmez s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 \u00e7izilmi\u015ftir.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n– T\u00fcrk Milleti tam ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 benimsemi\u015ftir.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n– Siyasi ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n– Ekonomik ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n– K\u00fclt\u00fcrel ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n– Askeri Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n– Amasya ve Erzurum ve Sivas karalar\u0131 onaylat\u0131ld\u0131.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n– \u0130\u015fgal Devletleri buna kar\u015f\u0131 tedbir ald\u0131.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n\u0130stanbul\u2019un Resmen \u0130\u015fgali (16 Mart 1920)<\/b><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n– \u0130ngilizler Misak-\u0131 Mill\u00ee kararlar\u0131n\u0131n Meclis-i Mebusan’da kabul edilece\u011fini beklemedikleri i\u00e7in buna b\u00fcy\u00fck tepki<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\ng\u00f6sterdiler.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n– 13 Kas\u0131m 1918’den beri fiilen kontrol ettikleri \u0130stanbul’u 16 Mart 1920’den itibaren ula\u015f\u0131m\u0131 haberle\u015fme, emniyet,<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\ny\u00f6netim ve ekonomik y\u00f6n ile kontrol alt\u0131na almaya ba\u015flar.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n– Bir bildiri yay\u0131nlad\u0131lar.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n– Meclis-i Mebusan-\u0131 da\u011f\u0131tt\u0131lar.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n– Vatansever ayd\u0131n ve yazarlar\u0131 tutuklad\u0131lar.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n– Salih Pa\u015fa h\u00fck\u00fcmeti g\u00f6revden ayr\u0131ld\u0131.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n– Damat Ferit h\u00fck\u00fcmeti kurdu.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n\u0130stanbul’un \u0130\u015fgaline Heyet-i Temsiliye\u2019nin Tepkisi<\/b><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n– M. Kemal \u0130stanbul’un i\u015fgalini b\u00fct\u00fcn Anadolu’ya duyurmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\nHeyet-i Temsiliye \u015fu kararlar\u0131 ald\u0131 :<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n– \u0130stanbul ile her t\u00fcrl\u00fc ileti\u015fim ve ula\u015f\u0131m kesilecektir.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n– \u0130tilaf Devletleri subaylar\u0131 tutuklanacakt\u0131r.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n– Banka ve defterdarl\u0131klara el konulacakt\u0131r. Vergiler g\u00f6nderilmeyecek.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n– Anadolu’da Heyet-i Temsiliye’nin s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn dinlemeyen cezaland\u0131r\u0131lacakt\u0131.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n– Anadolu’dan \u0130stanbul’a para ve k\u0131ymetli e\u015fya g\u00f6nderilmeyecektir.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n– Mill\u00ee iradeyi yans\u0131tacak bir meclis derhal Ankara’da toplanacakt\u0131r.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n– Yurt genelinde se\u00e7im yap\u0131lacakt\u0131r.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

<\/span><\/div>\n

\n<\/p>\n
\nNot: \u00dcnitenin devam\u0131na <\/span>www.tarihkursu.com \/ders notlar\u0131<\/a> b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden ula\u015fabilirsiniz.<\/span><\/div>\n

<\/p>\n

\nDaha fazlas\u0131 i\u00e7in bizi takip edin<\/div>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nhttp:\/\/www.tarihkursu.com\/<\/a><\/div>\n
\nFacebook sayfam\u0131z\u0131 be\u011fenmek i\u00e7in t\u0131klay\u0131n<\/a><\/div>\n
\nYotube kanal\u0131m\u0131za abone olmak i\u00e7in t\u0131klay\u0131n<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n\u0130nstagram sayfam\u0131z\u0131 takip etmen i\u00e7in t\u0131kla<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti \u0130nk\u0131lap Tarihi ve Atat\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fck ders notlar\u0131, Tarih ders notlar\u0131, tarih ders notlar\u0131, ayt tarih ders notlar\u0131, tyt tarih ders notlar\u0131, tarih \u00f6zet, tarih 9 ders […]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_regular_price":[],"currency_symbol":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[58,69],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-621","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ders-notlari","category-inkilap-ders-notlari"],"post_slider_layout_featured_media_urls":{"thumbnail":"","post_slider_layout_landscape_large":"","post_slider_layout_portrait_large":"","post_slider_layout_square_large":"","post_slider_layout_landscape":"","post_slider_layout_portrait":"","post_slider_layout_square":"","full":""},"yoast_head":"\n\u0130\u015eGALLER\u0130N BA\u015eLAMASI VE M\u0130LL\u00ce M\u00dcCADELEYE HAZIRLIK, 2. \u00dcN\u0130TE M\u0130LL\u00ce M\u00dcCADELE 1. 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