{"id":767,"date":"2019-02-22T09:14:00","date_gmt":"2019-02-22T06:14:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/index.php\/2019\/02\/22\/bilim-medeniyeti-tarih-9-5-unite-islam-medeniyetinin-dogusu-5-konu\/"},"modified":"2019-02-22T09:14:00","modified_gmt":"2019-02-22T06:14:00","slug":"bilim-medeniyeti-tarih-9-5-unite-islam-medeniyetinin-dogusu-5-konu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/index.php\/2019\/02\/22\/bilim-medeniyeti-tarih-9-5-unite-islam-medeniyetinin-dogusu-5-konu\/","title":{"rendered":"B\u0130L\u0130M MEDEN\u0130YET\u0130 – TAR\u0130H 9 5. \u00dcN\u0130TE \u0130SLAM MEDEN\u0130YET\u0130N\u0130N DO\u011eU\u015eU 5. KONU"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Tarih ders notlar\u0131, yks tarih ders notlar\u0131, ayt tarih ders notlar\u0131, tyt tarih ders notlar\u0131, tarih \u00f6zet, tarih 9 ders notlar\u0131, tarih 10 ders notlar\u0131, tarih 11 ders notlar\u0131, ink\u0131lap tarihi ders notlar\u0131, \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f T\u00fcrk ve d\u00fcnya tarihi ders notlar\u0131, g\u00fcncel tarih ders notlar\u0131, \u00f6zet konu anlat\u0131m, k\u0131sa tarih, yeni kitaba g\u00f6re haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f ders notlar\u0131, yeni m\u00fcfredat tarih , tarih pdf<\/span><\/b>
\n
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\nB\u0130L\u0130M MEDEN\u0130YET\u0130<\/b><\/span><\/span>
\n
<\/b><\/span><\/span>
\n\u0130limlerin S\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131<\/b><\/span>
\nBeyt\u00fc\u2019l-hikme<\/b><\/span>
\n\u0130slam \u00c2limlerinin \u0130lme Bak\u0131\u015flar\u0131<\/b><\/span>
\n\u0130slam Medeniyetinde \u00c2limler<\/b><\/span>
\n<\/a>
\nEnd\u00fcl\u00fcs Havzas\u0131<\/b><\/span>
\nBa\u011fdat Havzas\u0131<\/b><\/span>
\nHorasan Havzas\u0131<\/b><\/span>
\nFarabi (870-950)<\/b><\/span>
\n\u0130bn-i Sina (980-1037)<\/b><\/span>
\n<\/span><\/b><\/span>
\n\u0130mam Gazali (1058-1111)<\/b><\/span>
\n\u0130bn-i R\u00fc\u015fd (1126-1198)<\/b><\/span>
\nEkoller<\/b><\/span>
\n\u0130slam Medeniyetinde Sanat<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0130slam Sanat\u0131 ve Osmanl\u0131,<\/b><\/span>
\n
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\nB\u0130L\u0130M MEDEN\u0130YET\u0130<\/b><\/span>
\nBedir Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019nda ele ge\u00e7irilen esirlerden, <\/span>
\nM\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlara okuma-yazma \u00f6\u011fretenlerin serbest b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131, <\/span>
\nHz. Muhammed\u2019in e\u011fitime verdi\u011fi \u00f6nemin bir g\u00f6stergesidir. <\/span>
\nHz. Muhammed\u2019in t\u0131p tahsili i\u00e7in M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131 hatta hen\u00fcz M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olmayanlar\u0131 da o g\u00fcn\u00fcn en \u00f6nemli bilim merkezi olan \u0130ran\u2019daki C\u00fcndi\u015fapur\u2019a g\u00f6ndermesi bilime verdi\u011fi \u00f6nemin bir ba\u015fka kan\u0131t\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span>
\nD\u00f6rt Halife D\u00f6nemi\u2019nde \u201ck\u00fcttab\u201d ad\u0131 verilen ilk\u00f6\u011fretim seviyesindeki kurumlarda, mescidlerde ve camilerde ilim \u00f6\u011frenimine devam edilmi\u015ftir.<\/span>
\n\u0130slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda ger\u00e7ek anlam\u0131yla ilk k\u00fct\u00fcphane Emevi halifesi taraf\u0131ndan \u015eam\u2019da kurulmu\u015ftur.<\/span><\/p>\n

Abbasiler D\u00f6nemi\u2019nde, bilgelik ve hikmet evi anlam\u0131na gelen Beyt\u00fc\u2019l-hikme\u2019nin kurulmas\u0131 \u0130slam medeniyetinde bir d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span>
\n<\/ins><\/p>\n

\n
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\nBeyt\u00fc\u2019l-Hikme<\/span><\/b><\/div>\n
\n
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\n<\/span><\/p>\n
\nBeyt\u00fc\u2019l-hikme, bir ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve e\u011fitim kurumu olup Abbasi Halifesi el-Me\u2019mun taraf\u0131ndan kurulmu\u015ftur. <\/span><\/div>\n

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\nBilgelik evinin en \u00f6nemli g\u00f6revleri, d\u00f6nemin \u00fcnl\u00fc astronom, matematik\u00e7i ve hekimlerini bir araya getirmek ve bilimin \u00e7e\u015fitli alanlar\u0131ndaki belli ba\u015fl\u0131 eserleri Arap\u00e7aya \u00e7evirmektir. <\/div>\n
\nGrek\u00e7e, S\u00fcryanice, Sanskrit\u00e7e ve Fars\u00e7a gibi dillerden terc\u00fcme edilen \u00e7ok say\u0131da eser, Hizanet\u00fc\u2019l-hikme ad\u0131 verilen k\u00fct\u00fcphanede toplanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/div>\n
\nBu d\u00f6nemde Beyt\u00fc\u2019l hikme, Orta \u00c7a\u011f\u2019\u0131n en zengin k\u00fct\u00fcphanesi ve ilm\u00ee ara\u015ft\u0131rma merkezi h\u00e2line gelmi\u015ftir.<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n

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\nSuffe nedir?<\/b><\/span><\/div>\n
\n
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\n<\/span><\/p>\n
\n\u0130slam devletinin ba\u015fkenti olan Medine\u2019de Hz. Peygamber\u2019in g\u00fcndelik hayat\u0131n\u0131 ve faaliyetlerini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrebilece\u011fi bir mescit yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. <\/span><\/div>\n

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\nMescid-i Nebevi ad\u0131 verilen bu yap\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7 b\u00f6l\u00fcme ayr\u0131larak<\/div>\n
\nbirinci b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc Hz. Muhammed\u2019in ailesine, <\/div>\n
\nikinci b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ibadete, <\/div>\n
\n\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc de e\u011fitim ve \u00f6\u011fretim faaliyetlerine tahsis edilmi\u015ftir. <\/div>\n
\nE\u011fitim ve \u00f6\u011fretim faaliyetleri i\u00e7in ayr\u0131lan k\u0131sma suffe ad\u0131 verilmi\u015ftir. <\/div>\n
\nSuffe daha sonraki d\u00f6nemlerde \u0130slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131ndaki ilk medrese olarak kabul edilmi\u015ftir.<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n

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\n\u0130limlerin S\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131<\/b><\/span><\/div>\n
\n
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\n<\/span><\/p>\n
\nAkl\u00ee ilimler: <\/b>Felsefe, co\u011frafya, astronomi, matematik, t\u0131p gibi ilimlere \u201cAkl\u00ee ilimler\u201d denmi\u015ftir.<\/span><\/div>\n

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\nDin\u00ee ilimler-\u0130slami ilimler (Nakl\u00ee ilimler): <\/b>\u0130slam\u2019\u0131n en temel iki kayna\u011f\u0131 Kur\u2019an-\u0131 Kerim ve Hz. Muhammed\u2019in S\u00fcnnet\u2019ini anlamaya y\u00f6nelik tefsir, hadis, f\u0131k\u0131h (hukuk), kelam gibi ilimlerdir.<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n

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\n\u0130slam Medeniyetinde \u00c2limler<\/b><\/span><\/div>\n
\n
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\n<\/span><\/p>\n
\nXII. y\u00fczy\u0131la kadar \u0130slam \u00e2limleri Eski Yunan ve Hintli d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrlerin eserlerini incelemi\u015f di\u011fer yandan da bilimde farkl\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131m ve metotlar geli\u015ftirmi\u015flerdir.<\/span><\/div>\n

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\n\u0130slam \u00e2limleri, dogmatizme sapmadan \u00f6zg\u00fcrce ve cesaretle ilm\u00ee \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/div>\n
\n\u0130slam medeniyetinde geli\u015fen bilim ve bilim anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131, sadece \u0130slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fil b\u00fct\u00fcn insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ayd\u0131nlatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/div>\n
\nAvrupa\u2019n\u0131n \u0130slam medeniyetinden etkilenmesi Ha\u00e7l\u0131 Seferleri, Akdeniz ticaretinin geli\u015fmesi, \u0130slam fetihleri, \u0130spanya\u2019da kurulan medreseler, terc\u00fcme faaliyetleri gibi geli\u015fmeler sayesinde olmu\u015ftur.<\/div>\n
\nM\u00fcsl\u00fcman bilginlerin eserleri ba\u015fta Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n bilim dili olan Latince olmak \u00fczere \u0130branice ve zaman zaman da yerel dillere \u00e7evrilmi\u015ftir. <\/div>\n
\nBu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar Avrupa\u2019da, R\u00f6nesans ve Reform hareketlerinin ba\u015flamas\u0131na zemin haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\n
\nM\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar, fethettikleri topraklardaki id\u00e2ri ve fenn\u00ee kurumlara dokunmad\u0131lar. <\/div>\n
\n\u0130ran\u2019\u0131n M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar taraf\u0131ndan fethedilmesinden sonra Cundi\u015fapur Akademisi, \u0130slam Devleti\u2019nin fen ve t\u0131p merkezi olarak ya\u015famaya devam etmi\u015ftir.<\/div>\n
\nSel\u00e7uklu Veziri Niz\u00e2m\u00fclm\u00fclk taraf\u0131ndan kurulan Nizamiye medreseleri bir\u00e7ok ilim adam\u0131 ve m\u00fctercimin Ba\u011fdat\u2019a ak\u0131n etmesine sebep olmu\u015ftur.<\/div>\n
\n\u0130lk Sel\u00e7uklu hastanesinin Ni\u015fabur\u2019da, Niz\u00e2m\u00fclm\u00fclk taraf\u0131ndan yapt\u0131r\u0131lan b\u00eemaristan oldu\u011fu bilinmektedir.<\/div>\n
\n\u0130sfahan ve Ba\u011fdat\u2019ta Melik\u015fah\u2019\u0131n yapt\u0131rm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu rasathanelerde, \u00d6mer Hayyam ve \u0130sfiz\u00e2r\u00ee gibi bilim adamlar\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/div>\n
\n\u00d6mer Hayyam\u2019\u0131n i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu bir heyet, Melik\u015fah ad\u0131na <\/div>\n
\n1 Mart 1079\u2019u ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 kabul eden Cel\u00e2li takvimini haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/div>\n

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\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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\nBa\u011fdat ilim havzas\u0131nda yeti\u015fen baz\u0131 ilim adamlar\u0131<\/b><\/span><\/div>\n
\n
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\n<\/span><\/p>\n
\nCebirin kurucusu say\u0131lan el-H\u00e2rizm\u00ee, <\/span><\/div>\n

<\/p>\n

\n\u0130sl\u00e2m felsefesinin ilk temsilcisi Kind\u00ee, <\/div>\n
\nModern kimyan\u0131n kurucusu Cabir,<\/div>\n
\nAstronomi \u00e2limi Fergan\u00ee ve el-Belh\u00ee <\/div>\n
\nTabip ve matematik\u00e7i el-Harr\u00e2n\u00ee, <\/div>\n
\nTabip, kimyac\u0131 ve filozof er-R\u00e2z\u00ee <\/div>\n
\nAstronomi \u00e2limi Bett\u00e2n\u00ee, <\/div>\n
\nMatematik, astronomi, co\u011frafya, jeoloji, eczac\u0131l\u0131k alan\u0131nda  B\u00eer\u00fbn\u00ee<\/div>\n
\nC\u00e2h\u0131z, \u0130bn Kuteybe ve M\u00fcberred gibi edipler.<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\n\u0130slam k\u00fclt\u00fcr havzalar\u0131<\/b><\/div>\n
\n
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\n
\nEnd\u00fcl\u00fcs Havzas\u0131<\/b><\/div>\n
\nKurtuba Medresesi<\/div>\n
\nG\u0131rnata Medresesi<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nAlimler:<\/div>\n
\nEnd\u00fcl\u00fcsl\u00fc Zehravi<\/div>\n
\n\u0130bn-i R\u00fc\u015fd<\/div>\n
\n\u0130bn-i Haldun<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\n
\nBa\u011fdat Havzas\u0131<\/b><\/div>\n
\nBeyt\u00fc\u2019l-hikme<\/div>\n
\nNizamiye Medreseleri<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nAlimler:<\/div>\n
\nEl H\u00e2rizm\u00ee<\/div>\n
\nKind\u00ee<\/div>\n
\nFergan\u00ee<\/div>\n
\nel-Belh\u00ee<\/div>\n
\nel-Harr\u00e2ni<\/div>\n
\ner-R\u00e2z\u00ee<\/div>\n
\nBett\u00e2ni<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\n
\nHorasan Havzas\u0131<\/b><\/div>\n
\nNi\u015fabur Medresesi<\/div>\n
\nBelh Medresesi<\/div>\n
\nSemerkant Medresesi<\/div>\n
\nUlu\u011f Bey Rasathanesi<\/div>\n
\nNi\u015fabur Bimaristan\u0131<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nAlimler:<\/div>\n
\n\u00d6mer Hayyam<\/div>\n
\n\u0130sfiz\u00e2ri<\/div>\n
\nYusuf Has Hacib<\/div>\n
\nFarabi<\/div>\n
\n\u0130bn-i Sina<\/div>\n
\n\u0130mam Gazali<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nFarabi (870-950)<\/b><\/div>\n
\n
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\n
\nBat\u0131\u2019da Alfarabius, Abunazar gibi isimlerle tan\u0131nan Farabi\u2019nin as\u0131l ad\u0131 Muhammed\u2019dir. <\/div>\n
\nKazakistan\u2019da bulunan Farab \u015fehrinde do\u011fdu\u011fu i\u00e7in \u201cel-Farabi\u201d olarak an\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/div>\n
\nFarabi, mant\u0131k ilmine katk\u0131lar\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 Aristo\u2019dan sonra \u201c\u0130kinci \u00d6\u011fretmen\u201d lakab\u0131yla an\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/div>\n
\n\u0130slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda siyaset felsefesinden ilk bahseden filozof olan Farabi, ba\u015fta \u0130bn-i Sina ve \u0130bn-i R\u00fc\u015fd olmak \u00fczere hemen hemen b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00f6nemli M\u00fcsl\u00fcman filozoflar\u0131 etkilemi\u015ftir.<\/div>\n
\nFarabi, m\u00fczikte sesleri notalarken logaritmay\u0131 icat etmi\u015ftir.<\/div>\n
\nMusiki alan\u0131ndaki eserinde ud ve kanun gibi m\u00fczik aletlerinden ilk defa bahseden ki\u015fi Farabi\u2019dir.<\/div>\n

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\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n\u0130bn-i Sina (980-1037)<\/b><\/div>\n
\n
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\n
\nBuhara yak\u0131nlar\u0131ndaki Af\u015fana k\u00f6y\u00fcnde do\u011fmu\u015ftur. <\/div>\n
\nF\u0131k\u0131h, kelam, mant\u0131k, felsefe, t\u0131p, astronomi, jeoloji ve matematik ilimlerinde tahsil g\u00f6ren \u0130bn-i Sina, Bat\u0131\u2019da Avicenna, \u0130slam \u00e2leminde ise \u015eeyh el-Reis ad\u0131yla an\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/div>\n
\n\u0130bn-i Sina, \u00f6\u011frencisi el-C\u00fczcan\u00ee ile birlikte g\u00f6zlemevi kurmu\u015f ve bu g\u00f6zlemevine ait ara\u00e7 ve gere\u00e7leri kendisi \u00e7izmi\u015ftir. <\/div>\n
\nUfuk a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7meye yarayan ve \u201cazimut halkas\u0131\u201d ad\u0131 verilen b\u00fcy\u00fck boyutlu bir g\u00f6zlem aleti yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinmektedir. <\/div>\n
\nBu \u00f6l\u00e7me arac\u0131 daha sonra y\u0131ld\u0131zlar aras\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131sal uzakl\u0131klar\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7mek \u00fczere teleskoplara uygulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n\u0130bn-i Sina\u2019n\u0131n en \u00f6nemli eseri, t\u0131p alan\u0131nda yazm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu \u201cel-Kanun f\u00ee\u2019t\u2013T\u0131b\u201d t\u0131r. <\/div>\n
\nT\u0131p ansiklopedisi niteli\u011findeki bu eser XIX. Y\u00fczy\u0131la kadar Do\u011fu ve Bat\u0131 d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda el kitab\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/div>\n
\nBat\u0131\u2019da; \u201cTabip olmak \u0130bn-i Sinac\u0131 olmakt\u0131r.\u201d s\u00f6z\u00fc deyim gibi kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/div>\n
\n\u015eeker hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tespit etmeyi ba\u015faran \u0130bn-i Sina, nab\u0131z inceleme y\u00f6ntemiyle damar ve kalp hastal\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 belirlemi\u015ftir.<\/div>\n
\n\u0130bn-i Sina, ak\u0131l hastal\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n me\u015fguliyet, \u015fok, telkin ve m\u00fczik ile tedavi edilebilece\u011fini belirtmi\u015ftir.<\/div>\n
\nAy\u2019daki b\u00fcy\u00fck kraterlere genellikle bilim tarihinde \u00f6nemli yeri olan bilim insanlar\u0131n\u0131n isimlerini vermektedir. Bu isimler aras\u0131nda yer alan T\u00fcrk \u0130slam bilginlerinden biri de \u0130bn-i Sina\u2019d\u0131r.<\/div>\n
\n
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\n\u0130mam Gazali (1058-1111)<\/b><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\nGazali, Horasan\u2019\u0131n Tus \u015fehrinde do\u011fmu\u015ftur.<\/div>\n
\nGazali; f\u0131k\u0131h, hadis, akaid, gramer, felsefe gibi ilimlerde e\u011fitim alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/div>\n
\nGazali\u2019nin hocas\u0131 olan C\u00fcveyn\u00ee\u2019ye g\u00f6re Gazali derin bir denizdir.<\/div>\n
\nGazali, Nizamiye Medresesi\u2019nde ba\u015f m\u00fcderrislik yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/div>\n
\nKi\u015finin kendi mezhebini zihn\u00ee ve akl\u00ee faaliyetleriyle yine kendisinin bulmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini savunan Gazali\u2019ye g\u00f6re \u015f\u00fcphe ger\u00e7e\u011fe ula\u015fman\u0131n tek yoludur.<\/div>\n
\nEn \u00fcnl\u00fc eseri \u201c\u0130hy\u00e2\u00fc Ul\u00fbmi\u2019d-Din\u201d de bozulmu\u015f bir toplumu \u0131slah etme, tekrar Kur’an ve S\u00fcnnet temelleri \u00fczerine oturtma ve ona as\u0131l \u0130slami erdemlerini yeniden kazand\u0131rmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/div>\n

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\n<\/div>\n
\nEnd\u00fcl\u00fcsl\u00fc Zehrav\u00ee (936- 1013)<\/b><\/div>\n
\n
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\n
\n\u0130slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n en \u00fcnl\u00fc cerrah\u0131d\u0131r. <\/div>\n
\nKaleme ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 el-Tasrif isimli eserinde d\u00f6neminin cerrahi bilgilerini ve yeni y\u00f6ntemleri tan\u0131tm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/div>\n
\nBu eserinde yaralar\u0131n ate\u015fle da\u011flanmas\u0131 ve ameliyatlarda kullan\u0131lan aletlerin resimlerine yer vermi\u015ftir. <\/div>\n
\nDeney amac\u0131yla hayvanlar \u00fczerinde ve kadavrada \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yapan Zehrav\u00ee\u2019nin, bat\u0131 cerrahi uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015fmesinde, b\u00fcy\u00fck etkisi olmu\u015ftur.<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nNot: <\/b>\u0130talya, \u0130spanya ve G\u00fcney Fransa\u2019dan bir\u00e7ok kimse \u0130slam End\u00fcl\u00fcs medreselerine tahsile gelmi\u015ftir. \u0130slam medreselerinden mezun olanlar, Avrupa\u2019daki okullarda \u00f6\u011fretmen olmu\u015ftur.<\/div>\n
\n
<\/b><\/div>\n
\n\u0130bn-i R\u00fc\u015fd (1126-1198)<\/b><\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\n
\nKurtuba\u2019da do\u011fan \u0130bn-i R\u00fc\u015fd, felsefeden t\u0131bba <\/div>\n
\n\u00e7e\u015fitli bilim dallar\u0131yla ilgili yakla\u015f\u0131k 94 eser yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/div>\n
\nBat\u0131\u2019da Averroes ad\u0131yla bilinir.<\/div>\n
\nAristo\u2019nun en b\u00fcy\u00fck yorumcusu olarak kabul edilir.<\/div>\n
\nXII. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan itibaren Avrupa\u2019da \u201cLatin \u0130bn-i R\u00fc\u015fd\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fck\u201d denilen bir felsefe ve bilim ekol\u00fc olu\u015fmu\u015ftur.<\/div>\n
\n\u00dcnl\u00fc Astronom Batlamyus\u2019un evren modelini ele\u015ftiren \u0130bn-i R\u00fc\u015fd, yeni gezegen modellerinin olu\u015fturulmas\u0131 gere\u011fini ortaya koymu\u015ftur. <\/div>\n
\nYapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6zlemlerle g\u00fcne\u015f lekelerini ilk defa g\u00f6zlemleyen bilgindir. <\/div>\n
\nT\u0131p ve optik alan\u0131nda da \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 olan \u0130bn-i R\u00fc\u015fd, g\u00f6z\u00fcn retina tabakas\u0131n\u0131n i\u015flevini a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/div>\n

<\/ins><\/p>\n

\n<\/div>\n
\nEkoller<\/b><\/div>\n
\n
<\/b><\/div>\n
\n
\nM\u00fcsl\u00fcmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kabul eden ki\u015filerin sorunlar\u0131n\u0131 \u0130slam prensiplerine g\u00f6re \u00e7\u00f6zmek i\u00e7in baz\u0131 \u00e2limler fikir bildirmi\u015ftir. <\/div>\n
\nMezhep imam\u0131 olarak kabul edilen \u0130mam Ebu Hanife, \u0130mam Malik, \u0130mam \u015eafi, \u0130mam Ahmet b. Hanbel bunlardan baz\u0131lar\u0131d\u0131r. <\/div>\n
\nBu \u015fahsiyetler, M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlara Kur\u2019an ve S\u00fcnneti, kendi anlay\u0131\u015flar\u0131na g\u00f6re a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/div>\n
\nMezheplerin ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n nedeni insanidir. <\/div>\n
\n\u0130nan\u00e7 ve temel ibadetlerde mezhepler aras\u0131nda fark yoktur. <\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n\u0130slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda felsefe ve bilimde \u00f6zellikle IX. Y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ortalar\u0131ndan itibaren b\u00fcy\u00fck geli\u015fmeler ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r<\/div>\n
\nM\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar farl\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flere kar\u015f\u0131 kendi dinlerini savunma gere\u011fi duymu\u015ftur. <\/div>\n
\nB\u00f6ylece \u0130slam d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinde \u00f6nemli bir yer tutan Kelam ilmi do\u011fmu\u015ftur. <\/div>\n
\nKelam \u00e2limleri aras\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00fcnah i\u015fleyen ki\u015finin durumu ve yeri, insan\u0131n davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131ndaki sorumluluk derecesi, adalet ve Allah\u2019\u0131n s\u0131fatlar\u0131; m\u00fcnaka\u015fa konusu olmu\u015ftur. <\/div>\n
\nBu tart\u0131\u015fmalar Kaderiye, Cebriye, Mutezile, Me\u015f\u015faiyye, E\u015fariye ve Maturidiye gibi kelami ekollerin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na sebep olmu\u015ftur.<\/div>\n
\n
<\/b><\/div>\n
\n\u0130slam Medeniyetinde Sanat<\/b><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\n
\nPuta tapma gelene\u011fi, \u0130slam\u2019\u0131n ilk y\u0131llar\u0131nda tasvir yasa\u011f\u0131 koyulmas\u0131n\u0131n ana nedenlerinden biri olmu\u015ftur. Bu yasak ile Tevhit anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131, kal\u0131c\u0131 h\u00e2le getirilebilmi\u015ftir. <\/div>\n
\n\u00d6zellikle canl\u0131 resme ve heykele ho\u015f bak\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar aras\u0131nda soyut resim diyebilece\u011fimiz, h\u00fcsn\u00fc-hat, tezhip, ebru, minyat\u00fcr gibi sanatlar geli\u015fmi\u015ftir.<\/div>\n
\n\u0130slam sanat\u0131nda do\u011fada m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmayacak \u015fekilde dal, yaprak ve \u00e7i\u00e7eklerin tekrar\u0131 ile geometrik d\u00fczenleme s\u0131k s\u0131k kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/div>\n
\nB\u00f6ylece her t\u00fcrl\u00fc tezhip ve tezyinat \u00f6nemli sanat dallar\u0131ndan olmu\u015ftur. <\/div>\n
\nKur’an-\u0131 Kerim\u2019in kutsall\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve ona g\u00f6sterilen sayg\u0131, b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcyle \u0130slam’a \u00f6zg\u00fc olan hat sanat\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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\nNot: \u00dcnitenin devam\u0131na www.tarihkursu.com \/ders notlar\u0131<\/a><\/span> b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden ula\u015fabilirsiniz.<\/span><\/b><\/div>\n
\n
<\/span><\/b><\/div>\n
\n
\nDaha fazlas\u0131 i\u00e7in bizi takip edin<\/o:p><\/span><\/b><\/span><\/div>\n
\nhttp:\/\/www.tarihkursu.com\/<\/a><\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/div>\n
\nFacebook sayfam\u0131z\u0131 be\u011fenmek i\u00e7in t\u0131klay\u0131n<\/span><\/b><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n

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Yotube kanal\u0131m\u0131za abone olmak i\u00e7in t\u0131klay\u0131n<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/div>\n<\/div>\n


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\n<\/p>\n

\n<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Tarih ders notlar\u0131, yks tarih ders notlar\u0131, ayt tarih ders notlar\u0131, tyt tarih ders notlar\u0131, tarih \u00f6zet, tarih 9 ders notlar\u0131, tarih 10 ders notlar\u0131, […]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_regular_price":[],"currency_symbol":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[58],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-767","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ders-notlari"],"post_slider_layout_featured_media_urls":{"thumbnail":"","post_slider_layout_landscape_large":"","post_slider_layout_portrait_large":"","post_slider_layout_square_large":"","post_slider_layout_landscape":"","post_slider_layout_portrait":"","post_slider_layout_square":"","full":""},"yoast_head":"\nB\u0130L\u0130M MEDEN\u0130YET\u0130 - TAR\u0130H 9 5. \u00dcN\u0130TE \u0130SLAM MEDEN\u0130YET\u0130N\u0130N DO\u011eU\u015eU 5. 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