{"id":774,"date":"2019-02-14T11:39:00","date_gmt":"2019-02-14T08:39:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/index.php\/2019\/02\/14\/islamiyet-yayiliyor-tarih-9-5-unite-islam-medeniyetinin-dogusu-2-konu\/"},"modified":"2019-02-14T11:39:00","modified_gmt":"2019-02-14T08:39:00","slug":"islamiyet-yayiliyor-tarih-9-5-unite-islam-medeniyetinin-dogusu-2-konu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/index.php\/2019\/02\/14\/islamiyet-yayiliyor-tarih-9-5-unite-islam-medeniyetinin-dogusu-2-konu\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0130SLAM\u0130YET YAYILIYOR TAR\u0130H 9 5. \u00dcN\u0130TE \u0130SLAM MEDEN\u0130YET\u0130N\u0130N DO\u011eU\u015eU 2. KONU"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Tarih ders notlar\u0131, yks tarih ders notlar\u0131, ayt tarih ders notlar\u0131, tyt tarih ders notlar\u0131, tarih \u00f6zet, tarih 9 ders notlar\u0131, tarih 10 ders notlar\u0131, tarih 11 ders notlar\u0131, ink\u0131lap tarihi ders notlar\u0131, \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f T\u00fcrk ve d\u00fcnya tarihi ders notlar\u0131, g\u00fcncel tarih ders notlar\u0131, \u00f6zet konu anlat\u0131m, k\u0131sa tarih, yeni kitaba g\u00f6re haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f ders notlar\u0131, yeni m\u00fcfredat tarih , tarih pdf<\/span><\/b>
\n
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\n\u0130SLAM\u0130YET YAYILIYOR<\/b><\/span><\/span>
\n\u0130lk Toplumsal S\u00f6zle\u015fme<\/b><\/span>
\n\u0130slamiyet\u2019in Varolu\u015f M\u00fccadelesi<\/b><\/span>
\nBedir Sava\u015f\u0131 (624)<\/b><\/span>
\nUhud Sava\u015f\u0131 (625)<\/b><\/span>
\n<\/a>
\nHendek Sava\u015f\u0131 (627)<\/b><\/span>
\nHudeybiye Antla\u015fmas\u0131 (628)<\/b><\/span>
\nHayber\u2019in Fethi (629)<\/b><\/span>
\nMute Sava\u015f\u0131 (629)<\/b><\/span>
\nMekke\u2019nin Fethi (630)<\/b><\/span>
\nHuneyn Seferi (630)<\/b><\/span>
\nTaif Seferi (630)<\/b><\/span>
\nTeb\u00fck Seferi (631)<\/b><\/span>
\nVeda Hutbesi<\/b><\/span>
\nD\u00f6rt Halife D\u00f6nemi (632-661)<\/b><\/span>
\n<\/span><\/b><\/span>
\n\u0130slam D\u00fcnyas\u0131nda \u0130lk Ayr\u0131l\u0131klar<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

\n
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\n
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\n\u0130SLAM\u0130YET YAYILIYOR<\/span><\/b><\/div>\n
\n
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\nHz. Muhammed\u2019e 610 y\u0131l\u0131nda ilk vahiy g\u00f6nderilmi\u015ftir. <\/span><\/div>\n
\nB\u00f6ylelikle Peygamberlik g\u00f6revi ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/span><\/div>\n
\nMekke m\u00fc\u015friklerinin \u00e7o\u011fu, daha \u00f6nceden Muhammed\u2019\u00fcl-Emin (g\u00fcvenilir) lakab\u0131n\u0131 takt\u0131klar\u0131 Hz. Muhammed\u2019in \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131na, olumlu kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k vermemi\u015ftir. <\/span><\/div>\n
\nBunun temel sebebi Hz. Muhammed\u2019in tebli\u011f etti\u011fi bu yeni dinin, m\u00fc\u015friklerin<\/span><\/div>\n
\nmevcut durumlar\u0131nda k\u00f6kl\u00fc de\u011fi\u015fikliklere sebep olmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/div>\n
\n\u0130slam\u2019\u0131n ilk d\u00f6nemlerinde kay\u0131ts\u0131z kalma, alay etme \u015feklinde kendini g\u00f6steren tepkiler ilerleyen zamanlarda, M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlara y\u00f6nelik \u015fiddete ve i\u015fkencelere d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. <\/span><\/div>\n
\nM\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar baz\u0131lar\u0131 Hz. Peygamber\u2019in izniyle hicret etmi\u015flerdir.<\/span><\/div>\n
\nHz. Muhammed Mekke\u2019de kalarak \u0130slamiyet\u2019i yayma faaliyetlerine devam etmi\u015ftir.<\/span><\/div>\n
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\nAKABE B\u0130ATLARI<\/span><\/div>\n
\n<\/span><\/p>\n
\n620 y\u0131l\u0131nda Medine\u2019den Cahiliye Devri adetlerine g\u00f6re hac vazifesini yapmak ve \u00e7evrede kurulan panay\u0131rlara kat\u0131lmak i\u00e7in Mekke\u2019ye gelen baz\u0131 ki\u015filerle Akabe denilen mevkiide g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f ve onlar\u0131 \u0130slam\u2019a davet etmi\u015ftir.<\/span><\/div>\n


\n<\/span><\/p>\n

\nBu ki\u015filer \u0130slam\u2019\u0131 kabul etmi\u015f ve Hz. Peygamber\u2019i koruyacaklar\u0131na dair biat (s\u00f6z) vermi\u015ftir. <\/span><\/div>\n

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\nMedine\u2019ye d\u00f6nen bu ki\u015filer burada \u0130slam\u2019\u0131 yaym\u0131\u015f ve yeni M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olanlarla birlikte 621 ve 622 y\u0131llar\u0131nda ayn\u0131 yerde iki kez daha Hz. Muhammed ile g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. <\/div>\n
\n\u0130slam tarihine bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeler Akabe Biatlar\u0131 olarak ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir.<\/div>\n
\n622 y\u0131l\u0131nda Hz. Muhammed, yan\u0131na Hz. Ebu Bekir\u2019i de alarak Medine\u2019ye hicret etmi\u015ftir.<\/div>\n

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\n\u0130LK TOPLUMSAL S\u00d6ZLE\u015eME<\/span><\/b><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\nHz. Muhammed\u2019in hicret etti\u011fi d\u00f6nemde, Arabistan <\/span><\/div>\n
\ngenelinde oldu\u011fu gibi Medine\u2019de de kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131klar vard\u0131r. <\/span><\/div>\n
\nEvs ile Hazrec isimli m\u00fc\u015frik Arap kabilelerinin gerek kendi aralar\u0131nda gerekse<\/span><\/div>\n
\nYahudilerle ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 \u00e7eki\u015fmeler ya\u015fam\u0131 zorla\u015ft\u0131rmaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/div>\n
\nHz. Muhammed \u00f6nce M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar aras\u0131nda muhacir (g\u00f6\u00e7men) ve ensar (Medineli) aras\u0131nda karde\u015flik ilan etmi\u015ftir.<\/span><\/div>\n
\nHz. Peygamber; Medine\u2019deki topluluklarla \u0130slam Devleti\u2019nin ilk yaz\u0131l\u0131 anla\u015fmas\u0131 olan Medine S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi\u2019ni imzalam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. S\u00f6zle\u015fme genel olarak yarg\u0131 kurallar\u0131n titizlikle uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131 temel alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/span><\/div>\n
\nMedine S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi i\u00e7erik bak\u0131m\u0131ndan anayasal \u00f6zellikler ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/div>\n
\nS\u00f6zle\u015fme ile M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar ve gayrim\u00fcslimlerin Medine\u2019ye bir sald\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011funda, birlikte hareket etmesini karara ba\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/span><\/div>\n
\n
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\nBED\u0130R SAVA\u015eI (624)<\/span><\/b><\/div>\n
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\nMekkeliler, i\u00e7inde Medine\u2019ye hicret eden M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n  mallar\u0131n\u0131n da oldu\u011fu bir kervan\u0131 \u015eam\u2019a g\u00f6ndermeye karar vermi\u015ftir.<\/span><\/div>\n
\nBu ticaretten elde edecekleri gelir ile de M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlarla sava\u015fmay\u0131 ama\u00e7lam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Bunu \u00f6\u011frenen M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar, \u015eam kervan\u0131n\u0131n yolunu kesmek ve g\u00f6zda\u011f\u0131 vermek i\u00e7in sefer d\u00fczenlemi\u015ftir.<\/span><\/div>\n
\nBedir Kuyular\u0131 \u00f6n\u00fcnde yap\u0131lan sava\u015f\u0131 M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/span><\/div>\n
\nBedir Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019nda elde edilen ganimetler, sava\u015fa kat\u0131lanlar aras\u0131nda payla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/span><\/div>\n
\nEsirlerin, fakir olup \u00f6deme yapamayacak olanlar\u0131ndan okuma yazma bilenler, on M\u00fcsl\u00fcmana okuma yazma \u00f6\u011fretmesi kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda serbest b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/span><\/div>\n

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\n
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\n
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\nUHUD SAVA\u015eI (625)<\/span><\/b><\/div>\n
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\nMekkeli m\u00fc\u015frikler, Bedir Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n intikam\u0131n\u0131 almak <\/span><\/div>\n
\nve M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n  denetimine ge\u00e7en Suriye-M\u0131s\u0131r ticaret yolunu <\/span><\/div>\n
\ntekrar ele ge\u00e7irmek amac\u0131yla Mekkeliler \u00fczerine harekete ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir.<\/span><\/div>\n
\nHz. Peygamber\u2019in ordunun g\u00fcvenli\u011fini sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in Ayneyn Tepesi\u2019ne yerle\u015ftirdi\u011fi ok\u00e7ular\u0131n yerlerini terk etmesi nedeniyle M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar bozguna u\u011fram\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/span><\/div>\n
\nHz. Peygamber\u2019in yaraland\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu sava\u015fta, Hz. Hamza \u015fehit olmu\u015ftur. <\/span><\/div>\n
\nSava\u015f sonunda Mekkeli m\u00fc\u015frikler tam bir galibiyet kazanamam\u0131\u015f ve geri d\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015flerdir<\/span><\/div>\n
\n
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\nHENDEK SAVA\u015eI (627)<\/span><\/b><\/div>\n
\n
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\nMekkeli m\u00fc\u015friklerin M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131 son yok etme \u00e7abas\u0131 olan Hendek Sava\u015f\u0131, ismini Medine\u2019nin etraf\u0131na hendek kaz\u0131larak savunma yap\u0131lmas\u0131ndan alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/span><\/div>\n
\nMekkeli m\u00fc\u015friklerin Medine\u2019ye y\u00fcr\u00fcmesi \u00fczerine Hz. Muhammed \u00e7evresindekilerle isti\u015fare yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunun sonucunda Medine etraf\u0131na derin bir hendek kaz\u0131larak \u015fehir savunmas\u0131 yap\u0131lmas\u0131na karar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/span><\/div>\n
\nM\u00fc\u015friklerin ku\u015fatmas\u0131 \u015fiddetli bir f\u0131rt\u0131na nedeniyle sona ermi\u015f ve m\u00fc\u015frikler ku\u015fatmay\u0131 kald\u0131r\u0131p Mekke’ye geri d\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015flerdir.<\/span><\/div>\n
\nBu sava\u015f M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n Mekkelilere kar\u015f\u0131 son savunma sava\u015f\u0131 olmu\u015ftur.<\/span><\/div>\n
\n
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\nHUDEYB\u0130YE ANTLA\u015eMASI (628)<\/span><\/b><\/div>\n
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\nM\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar hem memleket \u00f6zlemini gidermek hem de K\u00e2be’yi tavaf ederek umre ibadetlerini yapmak istemi\u015ftir.<\/span><\/div>\n
\nM\u00fc\u015frikler ise M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131 Mekke’ye sokmamak i\u00e7in kendi aralar\u0131nda s\u00f6zle\u015fip tedbirler alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/span><\/div>\n
\nHz. Peygamber geli\u015f ama\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 bildirmek i\u00e7in Hz. Osman\u2019\u0131 el\u00e7i olarak g\u00f6ndermi\u015ftir. Fakat Hz. Osman, Mekke’de esir edilmi\u015ftir.<\/span><\/div>\n
\nBunun \u00fczerine Hz. Peygamber, yan\u0131ndaki sahabelerden Mekkelilere kar\u015f\u0131 koymak ve Hz. Osman\u2019\u0131 kurtarmak i\u00e7in biat alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/span><\/div>\n
\nDurumun ciddiyetini anlayan Mekkeliler g\u00f6nderdikleri bir el\u00e7i vas\u0131tas\u0131 ile Hudeybiye Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131 yapt\u0131lar.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\nBu antla\u015fmaya g\u00f6re;<\/span><\/div>\n
\n M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar, o y\u0131l Mekke’ye giremeyecek ve umre yapamayacakt\u0131r. <\/span><\/div>\n
\nMekkeli bir kimse Hz. Muhammed\u2019in yan\u0131na ka\u00e7arsa velisinin iste\u011fi \u00fczerine geri verilecek, fakat bir m\u00fcsl\u00fcman ka\u00e7arak Mekke\u2019ye s\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131rsa iade edilmeyecektir.<\/span><\/div>\n
\nMekkeliler, Hudeybiye Antla\u015fmas\u0131 ile M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131 resmen tan\u0131m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/span><\/div>\n

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\nHAYBER\u2019\u0130N FETH\u0130 (629)<\/span><\/b><\/div>\n
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\nYahudiler, \u015eam ticaret yolunu tehdit edip M\u00fcsl\u00fcman ticaret kervanlar\u0131na zarar vermeye ve Mekkeli m\u00fc\u015frikleri M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlara kar\u015f\u0131 k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtmaya devam etmekteydi. <\/span><\/div>\n
\nBunun \u00fczerine Hz. Peygamber, Yahudilerin bulundu\u011fu Hayber \u00fczerine bir sefer d\u00fczenledi. <\/span><\/div>\n
\nKale ku\u015fat\u0131larak k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede ele ge\u00e7irildi.<\/span><\/div>\n
\nBu zaferle \u015eam ticaret yolunun g\u00fcvenli\u011fi sa\u011fland\u0131.<\/span><\/div>\n
\nM\u00fcsl\u00fcman olmayan erkeklerden cizye vergisi al\u0131nmaya ba\u015fland\u0131.<\/span><\/div>\n
\n
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\nMUTE SAVA\u015eI (629)<\/span><\/b><\/div>\n
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\nHristiyan Gassaniler\u2019i \u0130slam\u2019a davet etmek i\u00e7in  bir el\u00e7i g\u00f6nderilmi\u015f fakat el\u00e7i, Gassani valisi taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. <\/span><\/div>\n
\nBunun \u00fczerine Hz. Peygamber bir ordu haz\u0131rlayarak b\u00f6lgeye sevk etti. <\/span><\/div>\n
\nGassani h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131, Bizans\u2019tan yard\u0131m istedi. <\/span><\/div>\n
\nB\u00f6lgeye gelen Bizans ordusu ile M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar aras\u0131nda bir sava\u015f yap\u0131ld\u0131.<\/span><\/div>\n
\nMute sava\u015f\u0131 M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlarla Bizans aras\u0131ndaki ilk sava\u015ft\u0131r.<\/span><\/div>\n
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\nMEKKE\u2019N\u0130N FETH\u0130 (630)<\/span><\/b><\/div>\n
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\nHudeybiye Antla\u015fmas\u0131 gere\u011fi taraflar birbirlerinin m\u00fcttefiklerine sald\u0131rmayacakt\u0131r. Fakat Mekkeli m\u00fc\u015frikler, bu antla\u015fmaya sad\u0131k kalmam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. <\/span><\/div>\n
\nBunun \u00fczerine Hz. Peygamber ordusuyla Mekke \u00fczerine y\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fc ve k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede kan ak\u0131t\u0131lmadan fetih tamamland\u0131.<\/span><\/div>\n
\nHz. Peygamber, ilk olarak genel af ilan etmi\u015f, kimsenin mal\u0131na dokunulmam\u0131\u015f<\/span><\/div>\n
\nve esirler serbest b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/span><\/div>\n
\nMekke\u2019nin Fethi\u2019yle birlikte Kurey\u015f m\u00fc\u015friklerinin Hz. Peygamber ve M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlara kar\u015f\u0131 olan d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sona ermi\u015f, Hicaz B\u00f6lgesi\u2019nde \u0130slam\u2019\u0131n yay\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcndeki engeller ortadan kalkm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/span><\/div>\n

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\nHUNEYN SEFER\u0130 (630)<\/span><\/b><\/div>\n
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\nMekke’nin M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar taraf\u0131ndan fethi \u00fczerine Taifliler, putperest di\u011fer kabileler ile birle\u015ferek b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ordu haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/span><\/div>\n
\nHz. Peygamber, Huneyn\u2019de toplanm\u0131\u015f olan bu ordu \u00fczerine sefere \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/span><\/div>\n
\nYap\u0131lan sava\u015fta M\u00fc\u015frikler yenilgiye u\u011frat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/span><\/div>\n
\nBu zaferle Arap Yar\u0131madas\u0131\u2019ndaki son putperest tehdit de ortadan kalkm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/span><\/div>\n
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\nTEB\u00dcK SEFER\u0130 (631)<\/span><\/b><\/div>\n
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\nBizans\u2019\u0131n Arabistan \u00fczerine b\u00fcy\u00fck bir sefer d\u00fczenleyece\u011fi haberleri \u00fczerine Hz. Muhammed ordusuyla sefere \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/span><\/div>\n
\nFakat Teb\u00fck mevkine gelindi\u011finde haberin as\u0131ls\u0131z oldu\u011fu \u00f6\u011frenilmi\u015ftir. <\/span><\/div>\n
\nArabistan d\u0131\u015f\u0131na yap\u0131lan ilk sefer olma \u00f6zelli\u011fi g\u00f6steren Teb\u00fck Seferi s\u0131ras\u0131nda<\/span><\/div>\n
\nb\u00f6lgede bir\u00e7ok kabile M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kabul etmi\u015ftir.<\/span><\/div>\n
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\nVEDA HUTBES\u0130<\/span><\/b><\/div>\n
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\nHz. Muhammed, vefat\u0131na kadar Medine\u2019de ya\u015fam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/span><\/div>\n
\nVefat etmeden \u00f6nce yapm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu Hac ibadeti s\u0131ras\u0131nda t\u00fcm insanl\u0131\u011fa seslendi\u011fi Veda Hutbesi\u2019ni okumu\u015ftur. <\/span><\/div>\n
\nHz. Muhammed 632 y\u0131l\u0131nda Medine\u2019de vefat etmi\u015f, cenazesi kendi evine defnedilmi\u015f ve buras\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde de Mescid-i Nebevi\u2019nin i\u00e7erisindeki Ravza-i Mutahhara olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/span><\/div>\n
\n
<\/span><\/div>\n
\nD\u00d6RT HAL\u0130FE D\u00d6NEM\u0130 (632-661)<\/span><\/b><\/div>\n
\n
<\/span><\/div>\n
\n
\nHilafet \u0130slam devletlerinde Hz. Peygamber\u2019den sonraki devlet ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kurumunu ifade eder. \u0130slam Devleti\u2019nin ba\u015fkan\u0131na ise \u201cHalife\u201d denir<\/span><\/div>\n
\nHz. Muhammed\u2019in vefat\u0131yla \u0130slam Devleti\u2019nin ba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n kim<\/span><\/div>\n
\nolaca\u011f\u0131 sorunu g\u00fcndeme gelmi\u015ftir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Hz. Peygamber, kendisinden sonra kimin devlet ba\u015fkan\u0131 olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylememi\u015f, se\u00e7imi M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlara b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/span><\/div>\n
\n632 y\u0131l\u0131nda Hz. Peygamber\u2019in vefat\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeler neticesinde, Hz. Ebu Bekir halife se\u00e7ilmi\u015f ve halk ona biat etmi\u015ftir.<\/span><\/div>\n

<\/ins><\/p>\n

\n
<\/span><\/b><\/div>\n
\nHZ. EBU BEK\u0130R (632 \u2013 634)<\/span><\/b><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\nHz. Ebu Bekir\u2019in halifeli\u011fin ilk zamanlar\u0131nda <\/span><\/div>\n
\n\u0130slam Devleti i\u00e7erisinde kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131klar ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/span><\/div>\n
\n\u0130slam\u2019dan d\u00f6nerek devlete isyan eden kabilelerle Ridde Sava\u015flar\u0131\u2019n\u0131 yapan Hz. Ebu Bekir, bu ki\u015filerin hepsini itaat alt\u0131na alarak \u00fclke i\u00e7erisinde birlik ve d\u00fczeni sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/span><\/div>\n
\nHz. Ebu Bekir D\u00f6nemi\u2019nde Arabistan topraklar\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131na seferler d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. <\/span><\/div>\n
\nSuriye\u2019nin fethi s\u0131ras\u0131nda Bizans\u2019la 634 y\u0131l\u0131nda yap\u0131lan Ecn\u00e2deyn Sava\u015f\u0131 ile Suriye kap\u0131lar\u0131 M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlara a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/span><\/div>\n
\nHz. Ebu Bekir D\u00f6nemi\u2019nde bir\u00e7ok haf\u0131z \u015fehit olunca unutulmas\u0131n\u0131 engellemek i\u00e7in Hz. Ebu Bekir ayetleri bir araya toplatm\u0131\u015f ve Kur\u2019an-\u0131 Kerim kitap h\u00e2line getirilmi\u015ftir. <\/span><\/div>\n
\nB\u00f6ylelikle Kur\u2019an-\u0131 Kerim\u2019in g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar eksiksiz ve bozulmadan gelmesi sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/span><\/div>\n
\n
<\/span><\/div>\n
\nHZ. \u00d6MER ( 634- 644)<\/span><\/b><\/div>\n
\n
<\/span><\/b><\/div>\n
\n
\nOnun d\u00f6nemi, fetihlerin yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir d\u00f6nemdir.<\/span><\/div>\n
\n636 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki Yerm\u00fck Sava\u015f\u0131 ile Suriye ve Filistin co\u011frafyas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemli \u015fehirleri ele ge\u00e7irilmi\u015f ve 640 y\u0131l\u0131nda b\u00fct\u00fcn Suriye co\u011frafyas\u0131 fethedilmi\u015ftir. <\/span><\/div>\n
\nAmr bin As komutas\u0131ndaki \u0130slam ordular\u0131 Filistin\u2019in fethini tamamlamak i\u00e7in Kud\u00fcs\u2019\u00fc ku\u015fatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kud\u00fcs patri\u011fi Hz. \u00d6mer\u2019le g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015ferek \u015fehrin anahtar\u0131n\u0131 teslim etmi\u015ftir.<\/span><\/div>\n
\nM\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar \u0130ran\u2019a h\u00e2kim olan Sasanilere K\u00f6pr\u00fc Sava\u015f\u0131nda yenildi. <\/span><\/div>\n
\nBu sava\u015ftan sonra 636 y\u0131l\u0131nda K\u00e2disiye, bir y\u0131l sonra Cel\u00fbl\u00e2 ve 642\u2019de Nih\u00e2vend Sava\u015flar\u0131 sonucunda Irak ve \u0130ran topraklar\u0131 fethedildi.<\/span><\/div>\n
\nM\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar, Hz. \u00d6mer D\u00f6nemi\u2019nde Horasan\u2019a kadar olan b\u00f6lgeyi fethetti ve T\u00fcrklerle kom\u015fu oldu.<\/span><\/div>\n
\nM\u0131s\u0131r 642 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130skenderiye\u2019nin fethi ile tamamen M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n eline ge\u00e7ti.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
<\/span><\/div>\n
\n
\nHz. \u00d6mer\u2019in halifelik d\u00f6nemi \u0130slam Devleti\u2019nin te\u015fkilatland\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nem olmu\u015ftur.<\/span><\/div>\n
\n\u00dclke topraklar\u0131 y\u00f6netim birimlerine ayr\u0131larak illere valiler atanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/span><\/div>\n
\nToplanan vergiler sistemli h\u00e2le getirilmi\u015f ve \u0130slam Devleti\u2019nin hazinesi yani Beyt\u00fc\u2019l-m\u00e2l olu\u015fturulmu\u015ftur.<\/span><\/div>\n
\n\u0130slam tarihinde ilk d\u00fczenli ordu ve ordug\u00e2h \u015fehirler kurulmu\u015ftur. <\/span><\/div>\n
\nAsker\u00ee ikta sisteminin temelleri at\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/span><\/div>\n
\nMerkezle ta\u015fra irtibat\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayabilmek i\u00e7in posta evleri in\u015fa edilmi\u015ftir.<\/span><\/div>\n
\nHz. \u00d6mer zaman\u0131nda Hicret (622) ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 kabul edilerek ilk hicr\u00ee takvim d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir.<\/span><\/div>\n
\nHz. \u00d6mer, 644 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130ranl\u0131 bir k\u00f6le taraf\u0131ndan \u015fehit edilmi\u015ftir.<\/span><\/div>\n

<\/ins><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n
<\/span><\/div>\n
\nHZ. OSMAN (644- 656)<\/span><\/b><\/div>\n
\n
<\/span><\/b><\/div>\n
\n
\nHz. \u00d6mer, 644 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u015fehit edilmesi \u00fczerine <\/span><\/div>\n
\n\u015f\u00fbra taraf\u0131ndan Hz. Osman halife se\u00e7ilmi\u015ftir.<\/span><\/div>\n
\nHorasan ve Azerbaycan ele ge\u00e7irildi.<\/span><\/div>\n
\nSuriye Valisi Muaviye, Anadolu\u2019da Kayseri\u2019ye kadar sefer d\u00fczenlemi\u015f ve kurulan<\/span><\/div>\n
\ndonanma ile 649\u2019da K\u0131br\u0131s\u2019\u0131 fethetmi\u015ftir. <\/span><\/div>\n
\nBu donanma Do\u011fu Roma ile sava\u015farak Z\u00e2t\u00fc\u2019s-sav\u00e2r\u00ee denilen ilk deniz zaferini<\/span><\/div>\n
\nkazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/span><\/div>\n
\nHz. Osman D\u00f6nemi\u2019nde Kuzey Afrika topraklar\u0131na da seferler yap\u0131larak Tunus ele ge\u00e7irilmi\u015ftir. B\u00f6lgedeki Berberiler aras\u0131nda \u0130slam h\u0131zla yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/span><\/div>\n
\nHz. Osman Devri\u2019nde Kur\u2019an n\u00fcshas\u0131 \u00e7o\u011falt\u0131lm\u0131\u015f di\u011fer \u0130slam \u00fclkelerine g\u00f6nderilmi\u015ftir.<\/span><\/div>\n
\n
<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n\u0130SLAM D\u00dcNYASINDA \u0130LK AYRILIKLAR<\/span><\/b><\/div>\n
\n
<\/span><\/b><\/div>\n
\n
\nHz. Osman D\u00f6nemi\u2019nde fetih hareketlerinin yava\u015flamas\u0131yla ekonomik ve sosyal sorunlar\u0131n ba\u015f g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131klar d\u00f6nemi ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/span><\/div>\n
\nEkonomik s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131rmak isteyen Hz. Osman, Hz. \u00d6mer zaman\u0131nda halka ba\u011flanan maa\u015flar\u0131 kesmek zorunda kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/span><\/div>\n
\nHz. Osman\u2019\u0131n yapm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu tayinlerde, kendi kabilesi ve ileride Emeviler Devleti\u2019ni kuracak olan \u00dcmeyyeo\u011fullar\u0131na ayr\u0131cal\u0131k tan\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 iddialar\u0131 halkta tepkileri art\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/span><\/div>\n
\nK\u00fbfe ve M\u0131s\u0131r b\u00f6lgelerinde isyanlar \u00e7\u0131kmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. <\/span><\/div>\n
\n\u0130syan\u0131n eleba\u015flar\u0131 Medine’ye gelerek Hz. Osman\u2019\u0131, evinde \u015fehit etmi\u015ftir.<\/span><\/div>\n
\n\u0130\u015flenen cinayet ile M\u00fcsl\u00fcman toplum i\u00e7erisinde ilk fitne hareketi ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/span><\/div>\n
\n
<\/span><\/div>\n
\nHZ. AL\u0130 (656- 661)<\/b><\/span><\/div>\n
\n
<\/span><\/div>\n
\n<\/span><\/p>\n
\n\u0130lk icraat olarak Hz. Osman zaman\u0131ndaki olaylara sebep <\/span><\/div>\n


\n<\/span><\/p>\n

\nolduklar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc valileri g\u00f6revlerinden al\u0131p yerlerine yenilerini atam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/span><\/div>\n

<\/p>\n

\n\u0130slam Devleti i\u00e7inde par\u00e7alanmalar\u0131n ya\u015fanabilece\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnerek su\u00e7lular\u0131 cezaland\u0131rma konusunda acele etmemi\u015f ve titiz davranm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/div>\n
\nHz. Peygamber\u2019in e\u015fi Hz. Ay\u015fe ve \u00e7evresindekiler, Hz. Osman\u2019\u0131n katillerinin bir an \u00f6nce bulunup cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 istemi\u015flerdir.<\/div>\n
\nSahabelerden bir k\u0131sm\u0131 Hz. Ay\u015fe\u2019nin saf\u0131na ge\u00e7erek bir g\u00fc\u00e7 olu\u015fturmu\u015ftur. Hz. Ali, olu\u015fturdu\u011fu kuvvetle Hz. Ay\u015fe ve ordusunun pe\u015finden K\u00fbfe\u2019ye gitmi\u015ftir.<\/div>\n
\nHz. Osman\u2019\u0131n katledilmesinden sorumlu olanlar, kendilerinin cezaland\u0131r\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlam\u0131\u015f ve beklenmedik bir anda sald\u0131r\u0131ya ge\u00e7erek sava\u015f\u0131 ba\u015flatm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/div>\n
\nM\u00fccadelede Hz. Ali taraftarlar\u0131 \u00fcst\u00fcn gelmi\u015f ve Hz. Ay\u015fe sava\u015ftan sonra Medine’ye g\u00f6nderilmi\u015ftir. Hz. Ay\u015fe\u2019nin devesinin etraf\u0131nda cereyan etmesi dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bu sava\u015fa \u0130slam tarihinde \u201cCemel (Deve) Vakas\u0131\u201d denmi\u015ftir.<\/div>\n

<\/ins><\/p>\n

\n<\/div>\n
\nSIFF\u0130N SAVA\u015e 657<\/b><\/div>\n
\n
<\/b><\/div>\n
\n
\nCemel (Deve) Vakas\u0131ndan sonra Muaviye, Hz. Osman\u2019\u0131n katillerinin bulunmamas\u0131n\u0131 gerek\u00e7e g\u00f6stererek ayakland\u0131. <\/div>\n
\nYap\u0131lan sava\u015fta Hz. Ali\u2019nin kuvvetleri, Muaviye\u2019ye \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck sa\u011flad\u0131.<\/div>\n
\nBu esnada Amr bin As\u2019\u0131n tavsiyesi ile Muaviye bir sava\u015f hilesine ba\u015fvurdu.<\/div>\n
\nM\u0131zraklar\u0131n\u0131n u\u00e7lar\u0131na Kur\u2019an sayfalar\u0131n\u0131 takarak \u201cEy Irakl\u0131lar! Sava\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rakal\u0131m, aram\u0131zda Allah\u2019\u0131n kitab\u0131 hakem olsun!\u201d diye ba\u011f\u0131rmaya ba\u015flad\u0131lar.<\/div>\n
\nHz. Ali, sorunun \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmesi i\u00e7in hakem heyeti kurulmas\u0131n\u0131 kabul etti.<\/div>\n
\nHakemlerin g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeleri sonras\u0131nda al\u0131nan karara uymayan Amr b. As, siyasi bir manevrayla halifeli\u011fi Muaviye\u2019ye verdiyse de Hz. Ali, buna raz\u0131 olmam\u0131\u015f ve m\u00fccadeleye devam etmi\u015fti.<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\nS\u0131ffin Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019ndan sonra hakem tayin edilmesini kabul etmeyip Hz. Ali\u2019nin ordusundan ayr\u0131lan \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc bir grup daha ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/div>\n
\nBunlar, \u0130slam Devleti ad\u0131na b\u00fcy\u00fck bir sorun olu\u015fturan Haricilerdir. <\/div>\n
\nHakem Olay\u0131 ard\u0131ndan M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar, 3 siyasal gruba ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u015eiiler, S\u00fcnniler ve  Hariciler.<\/div>\n
\nBu olaylardan k\u0131sa s\u00fcre sonra Haricilerden bir ki\u015fi, Hz. Ali\u2019yi sabah namaz\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131rada \u015fehit etti<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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\n
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\nNot: \u00dcnitenin devam\u0131na www.tarihkursu.com \/ders notlar\u0131<\/a><\/span> b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden ula\u015fabilirsiniz.<\/span><\/b><\/div>\n
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\nDaha fazlas\u0131 i\u00e7in bizi takip edin<\/o:p><\/span><\/b><\/span><\/div>\n
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\nFacebook sayfam\u0131z\u0131 be\u011fenmek i\u00e7in t\u0131klay\u0131n<\/span><\/b><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n

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Yotube kanal\u0131m\u0131za abone olmak i\u00e7in t\u0131klay\u0131n<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Tarih ders notlar\u0131, yks tarih ders notlar\u0131, ayt tarih ders notlar\u0131, tyt tarih ders notlar\u0131, tarih \u00f6zet, tarih 9 ders notlar\u0131, tarih 10 ders notlar\u0131, […]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_regular_price":[],"currency_symbol":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[58],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-774","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ders-notlari"],"post_slider_layout_featured_media_urls":{"thumbnail":"","post_slider_layout_landscape_large":"","post_slider_layout_portrait_large":"","post_slider_layout_square_large":"","post_slider_layout_landscape":"","post_slider_layout_portrait":"","post_slider_layout_square":"","full":""},"yoast_head":"\n\u0130SLAM\u0130YET YAYILIYOR TAR\u0130H 9 5. \u00dcN\u0130TE \u0130SLAM MEDEN\u0130YET\u0130N\u0130N DO\u011eU\u015eU 2. 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