{"id":782,"date":"2019-02-03T17:58:00","date_gmt":"2019-02-03T14:58:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/index.php\/2019\/02\/03\/ulusallasmanin-ve-endustrilesmenin-sosyal-etkileri-tarih-11-4-unite-devrimler-caginda-degisen-devlet-toplum-iliskileri-3-konu\/"},"modified":"2019-02-03T17:58:00","modified_gmt":"2019-02-03T14:58:00","slug":"ulusallasmanin-ve-endustrilesmenin-sosyal-etkileri-tarih-11-4-unite-devrimler-caginda-degisen-devlet-toplum-iliskileri-3-konu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/index.php\/2019\/02\/03\/ulusallasmanin-ve-endustrilesmenin-sosyal-etkileri-tarih-11-4-unite-devrimler-caginda-degisen-devlet-toplum-iliskileri-3-konu\/","title":{"rendered":"ULUSALLA\u015eMANIN VE END\u00dcSTR\u0130LE\u015eMEN\u0130N SOSYAL ETK\u0130LER\u0130 – TAR\u0130H 11 4. \u00dcN\u0130TE DEVR\u0130MLER \u00c7A\u011eINDA DE\u011e\u0130\u015eEN DEVLET-TOPLUM \u0130L\u0130\u015eK\u0130LER\u0130 3. KONU"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Tarih ders notlar\u0131, yks tarih ders notlar\u0131, ayt tarih ders notlar\u0131, tyt tarih ders notlar\u0131, tarih \u00f6zet, tarih 9 ders notlar\u0131, tarih 10 ders notlar\u0131, tarih 11 ders notlar\u0131, ink\u0131lap tarihi ders notlar\u0131, \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f T\u00fcrk ve d\u00fcnya tarihi ders notlar\u0131, g\u00fcncel tarih ders notlar\u0131, \u00f6zet konu anlat\u0131m, k\u0131sa tarih, yeni kitaba g\u00f6re haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f ders notlar\u0131, yeni m\u00fcfredat tarih , tarih pdf<\/span><\/b>
\n<\/a>
\n
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\n<\/span><\/b>
\nULUSALLA\u015eMANIN VE END\u00dcSTR\u0130LE\u015eMEN\u0130N SOSYAL ETK\u0130LER\u0130<\/b><\/span>
\n
<\/b><\/span>
\nN\u00fcfus Politikas\u0131 ve Demografik G\u00fc\u00e7<\/b><\/span>
\nOsmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nde Haberle\u015fme ve Ula\u015f\u0131m<\/b><\/span>
\nTelgraf<\/b><\/span>
\nDemir Yollar\u0131<\/b><\/span>
\nUlus Devlette Vatanda\u015f Kimli\u011fi<\/b><\/span>
\nOsmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nde A\u00e7\u0131lan Modern Asker\u00ee ve Sivil Mektepler<\/b><\/span>
\nOsmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nde A\u00e7\u0131lan Yabanc\u0131 ve Misyoner Okullar ile Az\u0131nl\u0131k Okullar\u0131<\/b><\/span>
\nII. Abd\u00fclhamit D\u00f6nemi E\u011fitim Politikas\u0131<\/b><\/span>
\nII. Abd\u00fclhamit D\u00f6nemi\u2019nde A\u00e7\u0131lan Okullar<\/b><\/span>
\nII. Abd\u00fclhamit D\u00f6nemi\u2019nde E\u011fitim ile \u0130lgili Yap\u0131lan Di\u011fer \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar<\/b><\/span>
\nII. Abd\u00fclhamit D\u00f6nemi\u2019nde A\u00e7\u0131lan Hastaneler<\/b><\/span>
\nEmeklilik Sistemi (Teka\u00fctl\u00fck Sistemi) <\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

E\u011fitim ve Sa\u011fl\u0131kta D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm<\/b><\/span>
\n
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\nN\u00dcFUS POL\u0130T\u0130KASI VE DEMOGRAF\u0130K G\u00dc\u00c7<\/b><\/span>
\n
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\nSanayi \u0130nk\u0131lab\u0131\u2019n\u0131n etkisiyle k\u0131rdan kente do\u011fru ba\u015flayan g\u00f6\u00e7ler \u015fehirlerde i\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn olu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131.<\/span>
\nBu d\u00f6nemde Avrupa\u2019da n\u00fcfus h\u0131zla artt\u0131. N\u00fcfusun h\u0131zl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde artmas\u0131nda; <\/span>
\nDo\u011fum oranlar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fckselmesi, <\/span>
\nSalg\u0131n hastal\u0131klar\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7ilmesi,<\/span>
\n\u00d6l\u00fcm oranlar\u0131n\u0131n azalmas\u0131,<\/span>
\nEkonomik refah\u0131n olu\u015fmas\u0131,<\/span>
\n<\/span>
\nEkonominin tar\u0131m ekseninden \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p sanayi ve di\u011fer sekt\u00f6rlere kaymas\u0131 ve sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 beslenmeyle insan \u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fcn uzamas\u0131 gibi sebepler g\u00f6sterilebilir.<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u00fcfus g\u00fcc\u00fc temsil etti\u011fi i\u00e7in devlet adamlar\u0131 \u00fclkelerindeki n\u00fcfusu artt\u0131rmaya y\u00f6nelik her t\u00fcrl\u00fc tedbiri alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/span>
\nN\u00fcfusun artmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00fclkelere sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 avantajlar \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/span>
\nDevletin asker\u00ee ve siyasi g\u00fc\u00e7 kazanmas\u0131<\/span>
\nEkonomide kalk\u0131nma i\u00e7in gerekli i\u015f\u00e7i g\u00fcc\u00fcne sahip olunmas\u0131<\/span>
\nBir devletin asker\u00ee, siyasi, ekonomik alanlarda mevcut n\u00fcfusu kullanabilmesi<\/span>
\nYeni ele ge\u00e7irilen \u00fclkelerde hem siyasi hem de ekonomik h\u00e2kimiyeti sa\u011flayabilmesi<\/span><\/p>\n

Sava\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn insan say\u0131s\u0131na orant\u0131l\u0131 olarak artmas\u0131<\/span>
\n<\/ins><\/p>\n


<\/span>
\nOSMANLI DEVLET\u0130\u2019NDE HABERLE\u015eME VE ULA\u015eIM   <\/b><\/span>
\n
<\/b><\/span>
\nTELGRAF <\/b><\/span>
\n
<\/span>
\nXIX. y\u00fczy\u0131lda elektrikli telgraf Osmanl\u0131 Devleti <\/span>
\ntaraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131lan ba\u015fl\u0131ca teknolojik geli\u015fmedir.<\/span>
\nOsmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019ne elektrikli telgraf hatt\u0131, ilk defa 1855\u2019te \u0130stanbul\u2019u Avrupa\u2019ya ba\u011flad\u0131. Sultan Abd\u00fclaziz ve Sultan Abd\u00fclhamit d\u00f6nemlerinde, Osmanl\u0131 telgraf a\u011f\u0131 h\u0131zl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde yay\u0131ld\u0131.<\/span>
\nElektrikli telgraf Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nde siyasi g\u00fcc\u00fcn merkez\u00eele\u015fmesine yard\u0131mc\u0131 oldu \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcrede merkezden vilayetlerin ve sancaklar\u0131n valilerine, asker\u00ee birliklere ve jandarmalara emir g\u00f6ndermek \u00e7ok daha kolayla\u015ft\u0131.<\/span>
\n<\/span><\/p>\n

DEM\u0130R YOLLARI<\/b><\/span>
\n
<\/span>
\nOsmanl\u0131 Devleti demir yollar\u0131n\u0131 Sanayi Devrimi\u2019ni ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmi\u015f Avrupa devletlerine imtiyazlar vermek suretiyle yapt\u0131rd\u0131.<\/span>
\nOsmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nde demir yolu ula\u015f\u0131m\u0131 ilk kez 1851\u2019de Kahire ve \u0130skenderiye aras\u0131ndaki hatt\u0131n yap\u0131lmas\u0131yla ba\u015flad\u0131. Anadolu\u2019da ise 1856 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130zmir-Ayd\u0131n Demir Yolu\u2019nun in\u015fas\u0131yla ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/span>
\nAvrupa K\u0131tas\u0131\u2019ndaki ilk Osmanl\u0131 demir yolu 1856\u2019da Cenova-K\u00f6stence Demir Yolu \u0130ngiliz \u015firketlerince a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131.<\/span>
\n1872\u2019de demir yolu yap\u0131m ve i\u015fletmesini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek amac\u0131yla da Demir Yollar\u0131 \u0130daresi kuruldu.<\/span>
\n<\/span>
\nSultan Abd\u00fclaziz D\u00f6nemi\u2019nde \u0130stanbul\u2019u Ba\u011fdat\u2019a ba\u011flayacak olan demir yolu yap\u0131lmas\u0131 planland\u0131ysa da Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin 1875\u2019te iflas etmesi \u00fczerine bu proje uygulanamad\u0131.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n<\/div>\n
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Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nde en fazla demir yolu yap\u0131m\u0131 II. Abd\u00fclhamit D\u00f6nemi\u2019nde D\u00fcy\u00fbn-\u0131 Um\u00fbmiye \u0130daresi\u2019nin kurulmas\u0131yla ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/span>
\nBu d\u00f6nemde demir yolu politikas\u0131 savunma politikalar\u0131yla birlikte d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmeye ba\u015fland\u0131. II. Abd\u00fclhamit\u2019in en b\u00fcy\u00fck projelerinden biri de Ba\u011fdat Demir Yolu\u2019nun yap\u0131lmas\u0131yd\u0131. Bu hatt\u0131n yap\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 Almanlara veren II. Abd\u00fclhamit bu hat sayesinde \u0130ngiltere ve Rusya\u2019y\u0131 tela\u015fa ve korkuya s\u00fcr\u00fckledi. <\/span>
\nII. Abd\u00fclhamit\u2019in demir yollar\u0131 projesi Avrupa devletlerini kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya getirdi.<\/span>
\n<\/span>
\nAyr\u0131ca II. Abd\u00fclhamit\u2019e g\u00f6re demir yollar\u0131 sayesinde Osmanl\u0131 tar\u0131m \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinin pazara sevki kolayla\u015facak, halk\u0131n zenginli\u011fi artacak, ticaret geli\u015ferek ithalat ve ihracattan al\u0131nan g\u00fcmr\u00fck vergileri hazineye katk\u0131 sa\u011flayacakt\u0131.<\/span>
\n<\/ins><\/p>\n

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ULUS DEVLETTE VATANDA\u015e K\u0130ML\u0130\u011e\u0130<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

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Ulus devlette me\u015fruiyetin kayna\u011f\u0131 din, soy veya krall\u0131k <\/span>
\nolmaktan \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p laik, demokratik bir yap\u0131ya b\u00fcr\u00fcnd\u00fc. <\/span>
\nBu yolla b\u00fct\u00fcn vatanda\u015flar birbirlerine e\u015fit olarak kabul edildi.<\/span>
\n\u00d6zellikle federal devletlerde ortak aidiyet duygusunu geli\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in okullar\u0131n m\u00fcfredatlar\u0131na yurtta\u015fl\u0131k e\u011fitimi konuldu.<\/span>
\nUlus devlet yap\u0131lanmas\u0131nda vatanda\u015f ordusu, zorunlu askerlik ve e\u011fitim a\u015famalar\u0131 \u00e7ok \u00f6nemliydi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Devletler e\u011fitim sistemleri ve asker\u00ee te\u015fkilatlar\u0131 sayesinde ayn\u0131 \u00fcniformay\u0131 giyen, ayn\u0131 mar\u015f\u0131 s\u00f6yleyen, ayn\u0131 dili konu\u015fan, disiplinli, vatansever, \u00fcretken ve devletine sad\u0131k vatanda\u015flar yeti\u015ftirdiler.<\/span>
\n
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\nOSMANLI DEVLET\u0130\u2019NDE A\u00c7ILAN MODERN ASKER\u00ce VE S\u0130V\u0130L MEKTEPLER<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

\n<\/div>\n


<\/b><\/span>
\nOsmanl\u0131 idarecileri yenilgileri, Avrupal\u0131 subay ve askerlerin iyi <\/span>
\ne\u011fitim alm\u0131\u015f olmalar\u0131na ve kendilerinin de bu alanda geri kalmalar\u0131na ba\u011flad\u0131lar.<\/span>
\nXVIII. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131ndan itibaren asker\u00ee ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamak i\u00e7in Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f e\u011fitim kurumlar\u0131 \u00f6rnek al\u0131narak modern mektepler a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131.<\/span>
\n1734\u2019te asker\u00ee okul olarak a\u00e7\u0131lan \u201cHendesehane\u201d modern mekteptir. <\/span>
\nIII. Mustafa, Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin 1770 \u00c7e\u015fme Bozgunu\u2019nda kaybetti\u011fi deniz g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc tekrar kazan\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in deniz subay\u0131 ve m\u00fchendisleri yeti\u015ftirmek amac\u0131yla \u201cM\u00fchendishane-i Bahri-i H\u00fcm\u00e2yun\u201d ad\u0131ndaki asker\u00ee okulu a\u00e7t\u0131 (1773).<\/span>
\nOsmanl\u0131 Devleti, kara ordusuna subay ve teknik elemanlar yeti\u015ftirmek \u00fczere III. Selim D\u00f6nemi\u2019nde M\u00fchendishane-i Berri-i H\u00fcm\u00e2yun ad\u0131nda bir okul a\u00e7t\u0131 (1795).<\/span><\/p>\n

Bu m\u00fchendishanenin en \u00f6nemli \u00f6zelli\u011fi medrese tarz\u0131 e\u011fitim yerine tamamen Bat\u0131 tarz\u0131nda ders verilen bir y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretim kurumu olmas\u0131yd\u0131.<\/span>
\n
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\nII. Mahmut D\u00f6nemi\u2019nde modern t\u0131p e\u011fitiminin verilmesi <\/span>
\namac\u0131yla \u0130stanbul\u2019da Mekteb-i T\u0131bbiye ad\u0131yla asker\u00ee bir mektep a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131 (1827).<\/span>
\nYine II. Mahmut D\u00f6nemi\u2019nde Frans\u0131z e\u011fitim sistemi \u00f6rnek al\u0131narak 1834\u2019te asker\u00ee e\u011fitim veren Mekteb-i Harbiye a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131.<\/span>
\nBu d\u00f6nemde baz\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenciler Viyana, Paris ve Londra\u2019ya e\u011fitim i\u00e7in g\u00f6nderildi ve ayn\u0131 zamanda ders vermeleri i\u00e7in Avrupa\u2019dan \u00f6\u011fretmenler getirildi.<\/span>
\nII. Mahmut D\u00f6nemi\u2019nin sonlar\u0131nda memur yeti\u015ftirmek \u00fczere Mekteb-i Ma\u00e2rif-i Adliyye ve Mekteb-i Ul\u00fbm-u Edebiyye ad\u0131nda mesleki okullar a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131.<\/span>
\n<\/span>
\nII. Mahmut, erkek \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n s\u0131byan mekteplerine devam\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayacak zorunlu e\u011fitimi ba\u015flatacak bir ferman yay\u0131nlad\u0131.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Sultan Abd\u00fclmecid D\u00f6nemi\u2019nde Maarif Naz\u0131r\u0131 Sami Pa\u015fa taraf\u0131ndan temeli at\u0131lan M\u00fclkiye Mektebi,1859 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00f6\u011fretime ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/span>
\nTanzimat D\u00f6nemi\u2019nde \u00fclkede nitelikli memur yeti\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in Mekteb-i Ma\u00e2rif-i Adliyye ve Mekteb-i Akl\u00e2m a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131.<\/span>
\nAyr\u0131ca mesleki ve teknik eleman ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamak amac\u0131yla Asker\u00ee Baytar Mektebi, Ziraat Talimhanesi, Maadin Mektebi, Telgraf Mektebi adlar\u0131nda bir\u00e7ok okul a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131. <\/span>
\nMemurlar\u0131n dil \u00f6\u011frenebilmesi i\u00e7in Lisan Mektebi a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131. <\/span>
\n<\/span>
\nMesleki ve teknik eleman yeti\u015ftirmeye y\u00f6nelik \u00f6nemli ad\u0131mlar atan Mithat Pa\u015fa \u201cIsl\u00e2hh\u00e2ne\u201d ve Mekteb-i Sanayi\u2019yi kurdu. K\u0131zlar\u0131n meslek \u00f6\u011fretimi ile ilgili olarak a\u00e7\u0131lan Cevri Kalfa Mektebi ile K\u0131z Sanayi Mektebi d\u00f6nemin \u00f6nemli meslek okullar\u0131yd\u0131.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n<\/div>\n
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Osmanl\u0131 Devleti, \u0130stanbul\u2019un fetihten sonra gayrim\u00fcslimlere<\/span>
\nkendi dillerini konu\u015fmalar\u0131na ve anadilde e\u011fitim yapmalar\u0131na izin verdi. <\/span>
\nOsmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc oldu\u011fu zamanda bir problem te\u015fkil etmeyen az\u0131nl\u0131k okullar\u0131 XIX. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan itibaren devletin denetiminden uzakla\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. <\/span>
\nAz\u0131nl\u0131k okullar\u0131n\u0131 kendi \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 i\u00e7in kullanmak isteyen yabanc\u0131 devletler onlar\u0131 maddi ve manevi olarak desteklediler.<\/span>
\nIslahat Ferman\u0131 ile gayrim\u00fcslimlere okul a\u00e7ma yetkisi verilirken ayn\u0131 zamanda da devlet okullar\u0131nda okuyarak memur ve asker olmalar\u0131n\u0131n yolu da a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131. <\/span>
\nGayrim\u00fcslimler ise \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131 yabanc\u0131 okullar ile misyoner okullar\u0131na g\u00f6ndermeyi daha \u00e7ok tercih ettiler. <\/span>
\n<\/span>
\nBaz\u0131 yabanc\u0131 okullar kapit\u00fclasyonlardan yararlanarak kurulmu\u015f olan ve misyonerlik faaliyetleri kapsam\u0131nda e\u011fitim veren okullard\u0131.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Yabanc\u0131 okullar\u0131n zararlar\u0131n\u0131n fark\u0131na varan Osmanl\u0131 Devleti, <\/span>
\nbirtak\u0131m kanunlar \u00e7\u0131kararak bu okullar\u0131 denetim alt\u0131na almaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131. <\/span>
\n\u0130lk olarak 1846\u2019da Meclis-i Maarif-i Um\u00fbmiye kuruldu. <\/span>
\nEn kapsaml\u0131 d\u00fczenleme 1869 y\u0131l\u0131nda Saffet Pa\u015fa taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanan ve e\u011fitimin hemen hemen her a\u015famas\u0131na ili\u015fkin h\u00fck\u00fcmler getiren Maarif-i Um\u00fbmiye Nizamnamesi oldu.<\/span>
\nOsmanl\u0131 Devleti, b\u00fct\u00fcn bu d\u00fczenlemelere ra\u011fmen yabanc\u0131 ve az\u0131nl\u0131k okullar\u0131n\u0131n kontrol\u00fcn\u00fc eline alamad\u0131 ayr\u0131ca bu okullara M\u00fcsl\u00fcman ailelerin \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 da gitmeye ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/span>
\n1914 y\u0131l\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin sava\u015fa girmesi \u00fczerine sava\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 devletlere ait olan yabanc\u0131 okullar\u0131 kapatt\u0131. ,<\/span>
\n<\/span>
\n1915 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131lan Mek\u00e2tib-i Hususiye Talimatnamesi ile yabanc\u0131 ve misyoner okullar\u0131 ile ilgili k\u0131s\u0131tlay\u0131c\u0131 kanun y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girdi ve bir\u00e7ok yabanc\u0131 okul kapat\u0131ld\u0131.<\/span>
\n<\/ins><\/p>\n

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II. ABD\u00dcLHAM\u0130T D\u00d6NEM\u0130 E\u011e\u0130T\u0130M POL\u0130T\u0130KASI<\/b><\/span>
\n
<\/span>
\n
<\/span>
\nII. Abd\u00fclhamit e\u011fitim ve \u00f6\u011fretim faaliyetlerinde merkeziyet\u00e7i, e\u011fitim kurumlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda ise denge politikas\u0131 izledi.<\/span>
\nE\u011fitim faaliyetlerinde T\u00fcrklerin yo\u011fun ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Anadolu\u2019ya a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k verdi. Az\u0131nl\u0131k ve yabanc\u0131 okullara T\u00fcrk \u00f6\u011fretmenler atanarak kontrol alt\u0131na al\u0131nmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131.<\/span>
\nBu d\u00f6nemde \u0130lk dereceli okullarda \u0130slamc\u0131l\u0131k, orta dereceli okullarda ise Osmanl\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k ak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 vermeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan programlar uyguland\u0131. <\/span>
\nT\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fck anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 da yava\u015f yava\u015f okullar\u0131n m\u00fcfredat\u0131na girmeye ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/span>
\nII. Abd\u00fclhamit D\u00f6nemi\u2019nde Maarif Merkez\u00ee Te\u015fkilat\u0131 yeniden d\u00fczenlenerek her \u00f6\u011fretim kademesi i\u00e7in genel m\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fckler ve m\u00fcfetti\u015flikler olu\u015fturuldu.<\/span>
\n<\/span>
\nI. Abd\u00fclhamit D\u00f6nemi\u2019nde okulla\u015fma t\u00fcm \u00fclkeye yay\u0131ld\u0131.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n<\/div>\n
\nII. ABD\u00dcLHAM\u0130T D\u00d6NEM\u0130\u2019NDE E\u011e\u0130T\u0130M \u0130LE \u0130LG\u0130L\u0130 YAPILAN D\u0130\u011eER \u00c7ALI\u015eMALAR<\/b><\/span><\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n

\u0130btidai (ilkokul) mektepler, r\u00fc\u015fdiyeler ve idadiler yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. <\/span>
\n(\u0130lk k\u0131z idadisi  1880 y\u0131l\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.)<\/span>
\nDar\u00fclf\u00fcnuna yeni b\u00f6l\u00fcmler a\u00e7\u0131larak geni\u015fletildi.<\/span>
\nDaru\u2019l-Muallimin d\u00fczenlenerek \u201c\u00c2liye\u201d \u015fubesi (Y\u00fcksek \u00d6\u011fretim Okulu) a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131.<\/span>
\nMekteb-i Fun\u00fbn-\u0131 Maliye, Ziraat ve Baytar Mektebi , G\u00fcmr\u00fck Mektebi, Hamidiye Ticaret Mektebi, Polis Mektebi gibi memur meslek mektepleri a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131.<\/span>
\nMekteb-i Hukuk, Hendese-i M\u00fclkiye, Maliye Mektebi, Ticaret Mektebi, Deniz Ticareti Mektebi, k\u0131z sanayi mektepleri gibi y\u00fcksekokullar a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131.<\/span>
\nSanayi-i Nefise Mektebi a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131.<\/span>
\nR\u00fc\u015fdiyelerden itibaren yabanc\u0131 dil \u00f6\u011fretimi zorunlu oldu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Devletin kritik b\u00f6lgelerinde yer alan a\u015firetlerin \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131 Osmanl\u0131l\u0131k bilinciyle yeti\u015ftirmek amac\u0131yla \u0130stanbul\u2019da bir A\u015firet Mektebi a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n
<\/span><\/b><\/div>\n
\nII. ABD\u00dcLHAM\u0130T D\u00d6NEM\u0130\u2019NDE A\u00c7ILAN HASTANELER<\/span><\/b><\/div>\n


<\/b><\/span>
\nII. Abd\u00fclhamit, e\u011fitim olanaklar\u0131n\u0131 kasaba ve k\u00f6ylere <\/span>
\nkadar ula\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n yan\u0131nda bir\u00e7ok vilayet merkezinde hastaneler de a\u00e7t\u0131rd\u0131.<\/span>
\nG\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 devam ettiren Dar\u00fclaceze kimsesiz \u00e7ocuklar ile ya\u015fl\u0131 ve bak\u0131ma muhta\u00e7 insanlar\u0131 bar\u0131nd\u0131rmak amac\u0131yla 1896 y\u0131l\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/span>
\nDar\u00fclaceze 200 yatakl\u0131 bir hastahane, bir yetimhane, \u00e7ama\u015f\u0131rhane ile hamam gibi binalar\u0131 ve el sanatlar\u0131 ile ilgili imalathaneler, f\u0131r\u0131n ve mabetlerden (cami, kilise ve havra) olu\u015fan bir kompleksti.<\/span>
\nHamidiye Etfal Hastanesi II. Abd\u00fclhamit\u2019in D\u00f6nemi\u2019nde a\u00e7\u0131lan en \u00f6nemli kurumlardand\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bu d\u00f6nemde 300\u2019den fazla hastane yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/span>
\n<\/ins>
\n
\n
<\/span>
\nEMEKL\u0130L\u0130K S\u0130STEM\u0130 (TEKA\u00dcTL\u00dcK S\u0130STEM\u0130)<\/b><\/span>
\n
<\/span>
\n1865\u2019te Emeklilik Kanunu ile emeklili\u011fi d\u00fczenleyen ilk kurumlar ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. <\/span>
\nBu konudaki en \u00f6nemli geli\u015fme ise II. Abd\u00fclhamit D\u00f6nemi\u2019nde emekli sand\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n kurulmas\u0131d\u0131r. <\/span>
\nYeni d\u00fczenlemelerle emeklilik sistemi asker\u00ee ve sivil memurlar\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda dul ve yetimlerini de kapsayacak \u015fekilde geni\u015fletildi.<\/span>
\nSosyal yard\u0131m uygulamalar\u0131ndan biri de \u015f\u00fcphesiz yoksul ayl\u0131klar\u0131d\u0131r. Tanzimat D\u00f6nemi\u2019nde Maliye Nezareti\u2019nin \u00e7e\u015fitli kalemlerinden ve valilerin \u201cKapualt\u0131 Has\u0131lat\u0131ndan\u201d muhta\u00e7lara maa\u015flar ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/span>
\nII. Abd\u00fclhamit D\u00f6nemi\u2019nde Hazine-i Maliye-i Celile \u00f6demeleri aras\u0131nda \u201cmuhtac\u0131n tertibi\u201d d\u00fczenlemesi ile muhta\u00e7 insanlara maa\u015f ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/span>
\n<\/span>
\nYoksul ayl\u0131\u011f\u0131 uygulamas\u0131, Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin sosyal bir devlet olma yolunda att\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck ad\u0131mlardan biridir.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n

E\u011e\u0130T\u0130M VE SA\u011eLIKTA D\u00d6N\u00dc\u015e\u00dcM<\/b><\/span>
\n
<\/b><\/span>
\nOsmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nde XVIII. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonlar\u0131na gelinceye <\/span>
\nkadar en yayg\u0131n e\u011fitim kurumlar\u0131 s\u0131byan mektepleri ile medreselerdi.<\/span>
\nII. Mahmut D\u00f6nemi\u2019nde geleneksel e\u011fitimin  yan\u0131nda Bat\u0131 tarz\u0131 asker\u00ee e\u011fitim veren okullar a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131. <\/span>
\nMedreselerin yan\u0131na modern okullar\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131  Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019ndeki medrese-mektep ikilemini ortaya \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/span>
\nTanzimat D\u00f6nemi\u2019nde ilk kez e\u011fitimin siyasi bir ara\u00e7 ve ayn\u0131 zamanda toplumsal fonksiyonunun oldu\u011fu fark edildi. Okullarda bu d\u00f6nemde \u00e7ocuk ve gen\u00e7lere \u201cOsmanl\u0131l\u0131k\u201d ideali a\u015f\u0131lanmaya ba\u015fland\u0131.<\/span>
\n<\/span>
\nOsmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nde Kanun-i Esasi ile t\u00fcm okullar devletin denetimi alt\u0131na al\u0131nd\u0131.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n<\/div>\n

XIX. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nde sa\u011fl\u0131k alan\u0131nda daha \u00e7ok <\/span>
\nDar\u00fc\u015f\u015fifa, Dar\u00fcss\u0131hha, Bimaristan, Maristan gibi vak\u0131flarca sunuluyordu.<\/span>
\nTanzimat\u2019la beraber Osmanl\u0131 Devleti, sa\u011fl\u0131k sorunlar\u0131na y\u00f6nelerek bu sorunlar\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc i\u00e7in \u00e7areler aramaya ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/span>
\nSa\u011fl\u0131k a\u011f\u0131n\u0131 geni\u015fletmek amac\u0131yla asker\u00ee ve sivil t\u0131p okullar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131.<\/span>
\nArt\u0131k devlet sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmetlerini vak\u0131flar arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile de\u011fil bizzat kendi eliyle g\u00f6t\u00fcrmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yordu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131 idaresi kurmak istedi\u011fi sa\u011fl\u0131k te\u015fkilat\u0131na hekim yeti\u015ftirebilmek i\u00e7in 1839\u2019da Mekteb-i T\u0131bbiye ve 1867\u2019de Mekteb-i T\u0131bbiye-i M\u00fclkiye (Sivil T\u0131p Okulu) kurumlar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7t\u0131.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n<\/div>\n

<\/p>\n

\nNot: \u00dcnitenin devam\u0131na www.tarihkursu.com \/ders notlar\u0131<\/a><\/span> b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden ula\u015fabilirsiniz.<\/span><\/b><\/div>\n
\n
<\/span><\/b><\/div>\n
\n
\nDaha fazlas\u0131 i\u00e7in bizi takip edin<\/o:p><\/span><\/b><\/span><\/div>\n
\nhttp:\/\/www.tarihkursu.com\/<\/a><\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/div>\n
\nFacebook sayfam\u0131z\u0131 be\u011fenmek i\u00e7in t\u0131klay\u0131n<\/span><\/b><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n

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Yotube kanal\u0131m\u0131za abone olmak i\u00e7in t\u0131klay\u0131n<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/div>\n

\n<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Tarih ders notlar\u0131, yks tarih ders notlar\u0131, ayt tarih ders notlar\u0131, tyt tarih ders notlar\u0131, tarih \u00f6zet, tarih 9 ders notlar\u0131, tarih 10 ders notlar\u0131, […]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_regular_price":[],"currency_symbol":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[58],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-782","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ders-notlari"],"post_slider_layout_featured_media_urls":{"thumbnail":"","post_slider_layout_landscape_large":"","post_slider_layout_portrait_large":"","post_slider_layout_square_large":"","post_slider_layout_landscape":"","post_slider_layout_portrait":"","post_slider_layout_square":"","full":""},"yoast_head":"\nULUSALLA\u015eMANIN VE END\u00dcSTR\u0130LE\u015eMEN\u0130N SOSYAL ETK\u0130LER\u0130 - TAR\u0130H 11 4. \u00dcN\u0130TE DEVR\u0130MLER \u00c7A\u011eINDA DE\u011e\u0130\u015eEN DEVLET-TOPLUM \u0130L\u0130\u015eK\u0130LER\u0130 3. 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