{"id":784,"date":"2019-02-02T21:22:00","date_gmt":"2019-02-02T18:22:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/index.php\/2019\/02\/02\/osmanli-devletinde-modern-ordu-teskilati-ve-yurttas-askerligi-tarih-11-4-unite-devrimler-caginda-degisen-devlet-toplum-iliskileri-2-konu\/"},"modified":"2019-02-02T21:22:00","modified_gmt":"2019-02-02T18:22:00","slug":"osmanli-devletinde-modern-ordu-teskilati-ve-yurttas-askerligi-tarih-11-4-unite-devrimler-caginda-degisen-devlet-toplum-iliskileri-2-konu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/index.php\/2019\/02\/02\/osmanli-devletinde-modern-ordu-teskilati-ve-yurttas-askerligi-tarih-11-4-unite-devrimler-caginda-degisen-devlet-toplum-iliskileri-2-konu\/","title":{"rendered":"OSMANLI DEVLET\u0130\u2019NDE MODERN ORDU TE\u015eK\u0130LATI VE YURTTA\u015e ASKERL\u0130\u011e\u0130 – TAR\u0130H 11 4. \u00dcN\u0130TE DEVR\u0130MLER \u00c7A\u011eINDA DE\u011e\u0130\u015eEN DEVLET-TOPLUM \u0130L\u0130\u015eK\u0130LER\u0130 2. KONU"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Tarih ders notlar\u0131, yks tarih ders notlar\u0131, ayt tarih ders notlar\u0131, tyt tarih ders notlar\u0131, tarih \u00f6zet, tarih 9 ders notlar\u0131, tarih 10 ders notlar\u0131, tarih 11 ders notlar\u0131, ink\u0131lap tarihi ders notlar\u0131, \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f T\u00fcrk ve d\u00fcnya tarihi ders notlar\u0131, g\u00fcncel tarih ders notlar\u0131, \u00f6zet konu anlat\u0131m, k\u0131sa tarih, yeni kitaba g\u00f6re haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f ders notlar\u0131, yeni m\u00fcfredat tarih , tarih pdf<\/span><\/b>
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\nOSMANLI DEVLET\u0130\u2019NDE MODERN ORDU TE\u015eK\u0130LATI VE YURTTA\u015e ASKERL\u0130\u011e\u0130<\/b><\/span><\/span>
\n<\/b><\/span><\/span>
\n<\/a>
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\nZorunlu Askerlik Sisteminden Ulus Devlete<\/b><\/span>
\nOsmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nde Modern Ordu Kurma \u00c7abalar\u0131<\/b><\/span>
\nNizam-\u0131 Cedid Ordusu<\/b><\/span>
\nYeni\u00e7eri Oca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n Kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve As\u00e2kir-i Mans\u00fbre-i Muhammediyenin Kurulmas\u0131<\/b><\/span>
\nD\u00fczenli Orduyu Devam Ettirme \u00c7abalar\u0131<\/b><\/span>
\n<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n


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\nZORUNLU ASKERL\u0130K S\u0130STEM\u0130NDEN ULUS DEVLETE<\/b><\/span>
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\nZorunlu askerlik sisteminin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 Frans\u0131z \u0130htilali\u2019ne dayan\u0131rken modern ordu kurma fikri XVI. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Niccolo Machiavelli (Nikola Makyavelli)  taraf\u0131ndan ortaya at\u0131ld\u0131.<\/span>
\nMill\u00ee bir devlet kurma fikri, zorunlu askerli\u011fe dayal\u0131 mill\u00ee bir ordu kurma fikrinin do\u011fmas\u0131na sebep oldu.<\/span>
\nFransa\u2019da cumhuriyetin ilan\u0131ndan sonra \u00e7\u0131kan ayaklanmalar\u0131 bast\u0131rmak i\u00e7in daha fazla askere ihtiya\u00e7 duyuldu. Bu ihtiyac\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamak i\u00e7in seferberlik kararnamesi ilan edildi. Kararnameye g\u00f6re her Frans\u0131z erkek, asker kabul edildi. Bu kararname ile zorunlu askerlik uygulanmaya ba\u015fland\u0131. Bu uygulama Avrupa devletlerinde h\u0131zla yay\u0131ld\u0131.<\/span>
\n<\/span>
\nUlus devletler zorunlu askerlikle g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir ordu kurmay\u0131 hedefledi ve ayn\u0131 zamanda farkl\u0131 stat\u00fclere b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f topluluktan e\u015fit vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011fa ge\u00e7i\u015fi sa\u011flad\u0131.<\/span>
\n<\/ins><\/p>\n


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\nOSMANLI DEVLET\u0130\u2019NDE  MODERN ORDU KURMA \u00c7ABALARI <\/b><\/span>
\n
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\nN\u0130ZAM-I CED\u0130D ORDUSU<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

III. Selim\u2019den itibaren asker\u00ee alanda geni\u015f \u00e7apl\u0131 \u0131slahatlar yap\u0131ld\u0131.<\/span>
\nYeni\u00e7eri Oca\u011f\u0131nda ilk bozulmalar XVI. y\u00fczy\u0131l ortalar\u0131nda ba\u015flad\u0131. <\/span>
\nYeni\u00e7erilerin evlenmeye ba\u015flamas\u0131 ve  Askerlik d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ba\u015fka mesleklerle u\u011fra\u015fmas\u0131 onlar\u0131 talim yapmaktan uzakla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131. Bu durum onlar\u0131n askerlik yeteneklerini zay\u0131flatt\u0131. <\/span>
\nSultan III. Murat D\u00f6nemi\u2019nde askerlikle alakas\u0131 olmayanlar\u0131n Yeni\u00e7eri Oca\u011f\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131 orduda bozulmay\u0131 h\u0131zland\u0131rd\u0131.<\/span>
\nYeni\u00e7eriler orduda asker say\u0131m\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in sava\u015ftan ka\u00e7anlar veya \u015fehit olanlar tespit edilememekteydi ve bunlar\u0131n maa\u015f defterleri (mevacip veya esame defteri) bir senet gibi al\u0131n\u0131p sat\u0131lmaktayd\u0131.<\/span>
\nOrduda, liyakate dayal\u0131 belirli bir tayin ve terfi sisteminin bulunmay\u0131\u015f\u0131 r\u00fc\u015fvet ve iltimas\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc a\u00e7t\u0131. B\u00f6ylece askerlikle alakas\u0131 olmayan ki\u015filerin orduya girmesi ordudaki disiplinin bozulmas\u0131na neden oldu.<\/span>
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\nOsmanl\u0131 ordusunda \u00e7a\u011fa uygun bir yap\u0131lanmay\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirme <\/span>
\ngiri\u015fimlerinin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 \u201cNizam-\u0131 Cedit\u201d asker\u00ee birliklerinin kurulmas\u0131d\u0131r. <\/span>
\nIII. Selim Yeni\u00e7eri Oca\u011f\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda yeni bir asker\u00ee birlik kurdu. 1792\u2019de \u0130stanbul\u2019da Levent \u00c7iftli\u011fi\u2019nde yeni asker\u00ee birlikler e\u011fitim ve \u00f6\u011fretime ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/span>
\nNizam-\u0131 Cedit ordusu kurulurken mevcut ocaklar\u0131n \u0131slah\u0131 i\u00e7in de \u00e7aba g\u00f6sterildi, yeni\u00e7erilere ise dokunulmad\u0131.<\/span>
\nFransa, \u0130ngiltere ve \u0130sve\u00e7\u2019ten m\u00fchendisler ve ustalar getirtilerek Tophane\u2019de \u00f6nemli d\u00fczenlemeler yap\u0131ld\u0131.<\/span>
\n<\/span>
\nIII. Selim Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nde Modern Top\u00e7u Oca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n temelini atan ki\u015fi oldu.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n<\/div>\n
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\nNizam-\u0131 Cedit Oca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015fmesiyle \u00dcsk\u00fcdar\u2019da Selimiye K\u0131\u015flas\u0131 in\u015fa edildi.<\/span><\/div>\n
\nYeni d\u00fczenlemelerle \u201cBostanc\u0131 T\u00fcfenk\u00e7isi Oca\u011f\u0131\u201d kuruldu.<\/span><\/div>\n
\nYeni birliklerin giderlerini kar\u015f\u0131lamak amac\u0131yla \u0130rad-\u0131 Cedit Hazinesi kuruldu. <\/span><\/div>\n
\nXIX. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131ndan itibaren \u0130stanbul d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda Rumeli ve Anadolu\u2019da Nizam-\u0131 Cedit birlikleri olu\u015fturuldu.<\/span><\/div>\n
\nKabak\u00e7\u0131 Mustafa \u0130syan\u0131 sonucu padi\u015fah\u0131n tahttan indirilmesi ve \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesi (1807) bu faaliyetlerin ba\u015far\u0131ya devam etmesini engelledi. <\/span><\/div>\n
\nIII. Selim\u2019in \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesiyle \u0130stanbul\u2019daki Nizam-\u0131 Cedit birlikleri da\u011f\u0131t\u0131ld\u0131, ta\u015fradaki k\u0131\u015flalar y\u0131kt\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131.
\n<\/ins>
\n<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\nYEN\u0130\u00c7ER\u0130 OCA\u011eININ KALDIRILMASI VE AS\u00c2K\u0130R-\u0130 MANS\u00dbRE-\u0130 MUHAMMED\u0130YEN\u0130N KURULMASI<\/span><\/b><\/div>\n
\n
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\n<\/p>\n
\nII. Mahmut\u2019un tahta \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan Rus\u00e7uk Ayan\u0131 Alemdar Mustafa Pa\u015fa, kendine ba\u011fl\u0131 askeri kuvvetleri olan g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir sadrazamd\u0131. <\/div>\n
\n\u00d6nce Nizam-\u0131 Cedit\u2019in benzeri olarak Sekban-\u0131 Cedit Oca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kurdu.<\/div>\n
\n1808\u2019de Alemdar Mustafa Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n Sekban-\u0131 Cedit kuvvetleri ile halk ve yeni\u00e7eriler aras\u0131nda adeta bir i\u00e7 sava\u015f ya\u015fand\u0131. Yeni\u00e7eriler, Alemdar Mustafa Pa\u015fa\u2019y\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcp saraya do\u011fru harekete ge\u00e7ti.<\/div>\n
\nII. Mahmut, Osmanl\u0131 Hanedan\u0131\u2019n\u0131n tek erkek \u00fcyesi olarak kalmak i\u00e7in IV. Mustafa\u2019y\u0131 idam ettirdi. Yeni\u00e7eriler  II. Mahmut\u2019u kabullenmek zorunda kald\u0131.<\/div>\n
\nBu ya\u015fananlar art\u0131k Yeni\u00e7eri Oca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n i\u015flevini yerine getiremedi\u011fini ve kesinlikle kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini ortaya koydu.<\/div>\n
\n1826 y\u0131l\u0131nda Yeni\u00e7eri Oca\u011f\u0131 kald\u0131r\u0131larak yerine <\/div>\n
\nAs\u00e2kir-i Mans\u00fbre-i Muhammediye ordusu kuruldu.<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nAS\u00c2K\u0130R-\u0130 MANS\u00dbRE-\u0130 MUHAMMED\u0130YE<\/b><\/div>\n
\n
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\nAs\u00e2kir-i Mans\u00fbre-i Muhammediye ordusu zorunlu askerli\u011fe tabi oldu\u011fundan paral\u0131 askerlik sistemi de kald\u0131r\u0131larak mill\u00ee orduya ge\u00e7i\u015fte \u00f6nemli bir ad\u0131m at\u0131lm\u0131\u015f oldu. <\/div>\n
\nAsker ihtiyac\u0131 M\u00fcsl\u00fcman halk\u0131n 15-25 ya\u015f aras\u0131 gen\u00e7lerinden kar\u015f\u0131lanmaktayd\u0131.<\/div>\n
\nKi\u015finin askerlikten ayr\u0131l\u0131p sivil hayata d\u00f6nebilmesi, ticaret veya ziraatla u\u011fra\u015fabilmesi ve emeklili\u011fe hak kazanabilmesi i\u00e7in on iki y\u0131l askerlik hizmeti yapmas\u0131 gerekiyordu. <\/div>\n
\nBek\u00e2rlara y\u00fczba\u015f\u0131 m\u00fcl\u00e2z\u0131m\u0131 (te\u011fmen) olana kadar evlenmek yasakt\u0131 ancak evli olanlar\u0131n orduya girmesine engel yoktu.<\/div>\n
\nYeni ordunun \u00fcniforma, bot ve di\u011fer te\u00e7hizat\u0131n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131 amac\u0131yla feshane, debba\u011fhane (deri imalathanesi) ve iplikhane adlar\u0131yla imalathaneler kuruldu.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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\nPrusya\u2019dan piyade, s\u00fcvari ve top\u00e7u subaylar getirildi.<\/span>
\nModern harp sanat\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenmek amac\u0131yla Avrupa\u2019ya \u00f6\u011frenci g\u00f6nderildi. <\/span>
\nAsker\u00ee talim ve y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015flerin \u00f6nemli unsurlar\u0131ndan olan bando ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamak \u00fczere Mehterh\u00e2ne kald\u0131r\u0131larak yerine M\u0131z\u0131ka-i H\u00fcm\u00e2yun kuruldu (1834) ve ba\u015f\u0131na devrin \u00f6nde gelen m\u00fczik adamlar\u0131ndan \u0130talyan Giuseppe Donizetti (Cuseppe Donizetti) getirildi.<\/span>
\nYeni ordunun giderlerini kar\u015f\u0131lamak i\u00e7in \u201cAs\u00e2kir-i Mans\u00fbre Hazinesi\u201d kuruldu.<\/span>
\nT\u0131bbiye ve Harbiye mektepleri modernle\u015fme ve ilerleme hareketlerinde birinci derecede rol oynad\u0131. Yabanc\u0131 hocalar\u0131n buralarda ders vermesi nedeniyle Bat\u0131 ayd\u0131nlanma d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinin ve Bat\u0131 siyaset anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019ne girmesinde etkili oldu. <\/span>
\n1836 y\u0131l\u0131nda asker\u00ee i\u015fleri g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcp karara ba\u011flayacak olan D\u00e2r-\u0131 \u015e\u00fbra-y\u0131 Asker\u00ee (Asker\u00ee \u015e\u00fbra) adl\u0131 y\u00fcksek dan\u0131\u015fma kurulu olu\u015fturuldu.<\/span>
\n<\/ins><\/p>\n


<\/span>
\nD\u00dcZENL\u0130 ORDUYU DEVAM ETT\u0130RME \u00c7ABALARI<\/b><\/span>
\n
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\n1815 y\u0131l\u0131ndan sonra Fransa\u2019da ilk uygulamas\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnen <\/span>
\nkura ile askere alma i\u015flemi, 1843 y\u0131l\u0131nda yap\u0131lan <\/span>
\nd\u00fczenlemeyle Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nde de kabul edilmi\u015fti.<\/span>
\nKurada ismi \u00e7\u0131kanlar\u0131n, kendi yerlerine \u201cbedel-i \u015fahsi\u201d ad\u0131yla bir ba\u015fkas\u0131n\u0131 vekil olarak g\u00f6ndermesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011fu gibi \u201cbedel-i nakd\u00ee\u201d \u00f6demek suretiyle askerlik vazifesini bedeli kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerine getirmeleri de m\u00fcmk\u00fcn h\u00e2le getirildi. Bu uygulamaya bedel-i asker\u00ee denir.<\/span>
\nOsmanl\u0131 devlet adamlar\u0131 da M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlarla gayrim\u00fcslimlerin ayn\u0131 orduda g\u00f6rev yapmalar\u0131na s\u0131cak bakm\u0131yorlard\u0131 fakat Tanzimat y\u00f6netimi Osmanl\u0131 birli\u011fini korumak ve halk\u0131 kayna\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in ilk kez Rumlara deniz kuvvetlerinde askerlik yapt\u0131rd\u0131. <\/span>
\n<\/span>
\nAskere al\u0131nacak gayrim\u00fcslimlerden cizye al\u0131nmayacakt\u0131 ancak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan baz\u0131 sorunlar y\u00fcz\u00fcnden bu karar uygulanmad\u0131. Daha sonra ise M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olamayanlar\u0131n bedel-i nakd\u00ee veya bedel-i \u015fahsi \u00f6deyerek askerlikten muaf tutulmalar\u0131 yoluna gidildi. <\/span><\/p>\n

\n<\/div>\n
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\nNot: \u00dcnitenin devam\u0131na www.tarihkursu.com \/ders notlar\u0131<\/a><\/span> b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden ula\u015fabilirsiniz.<\/span><\/b><\/div>\n
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Yotube kanal\u0131m\u0131za abone olmak i\u00e7in t\u0131klay\u0131n<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/div>\n

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\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Tarih ders notlar\u0131, yks tarih ders notlar\u0131, ayt tarih ders notlar\u0131, tyt tarih ders notlar\u0131, tarih \u00f6zet, tarih 9 ders notlar\u0131, tarih 10 ders notlar\u0131, […]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_regular_price":[],"currency_symbol":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[58],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-784","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ders-notlari"],"post_slider_layout_featured_media_urls":{"thumbnail":"","post_slider_layout_landscape_large":"","post_slider_layout_portrait_large":"","post_slider_layout_square_large":"","post_slider_layout_landscape":"","post_slider_layout_portrait":"","post_slider_layout_square":"","full":""},"yoast_head":"\nOSMANLI DEVLET\u0130\u2019NDE MODERN ORDU TE\u015eK\u0130LATI VE YURTTA\u015e ASKERL\u0130\u011e\u0130 - TAR\u0130H 11 4. \u00dcN\u0130TE DEVR\u0130MLER \u00c7A\u011eINDA DE\u011e\u0130\u015eEN DEVLET-TOPLUM \u0130L\u0130\u015eK\u0130LER\u0130 2. 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