{"id":833,"date":"2018-11-06T10:30:00","date_gmt":"2018-11-06T07:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/index.php\/2018\/11\/06\/acik-sularda-guc-mucadelesi-tarih-11-1-unite-degisen-dunya-dengeleri-karsisinda-osmanli-siyaseti-1595-1774-4-konu\/"},"modified":"2018-11-06T10:30:00","modified_gmt":"2018-11-06T07:30:00","slug":"acik-sularda-guc-mucadelesi-tarih-11-1-unite-degisen-dunya-dengeleri-karsisinda-osmanli-siyaseti-1595-1774-4-konu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/index.php\/2018\/11\/06\/acik-sularda-guc-mucadelesi-tarih-11-1-unite-degisen-dunya-dengeleri-karsisinda-osmanli-siyaseti-1595-1774-4-konu\/","title":{"rendered":"A\u00c7IK SULARDA G\u00dc\u00c7 M\u00dcCADELES\u0130 (TAR\u0130H 11 1. \u00dcN\u0130TE DE\u011e\u0130\u015eEN D\u00dcNYA DENGELER\u0130 KAR\u015eISINDA OSMANLI S\u0130YASET\u0130 (1595-1774) 4. KONU )"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n<\/a><\/div>\n

Tarih ders notlar\u0131, yks tarih ders notlar\u0131, ayt tarih ders notlar\u0131, tyt tarih ders notlar\u0131, tarih \u00f6zet, tarih 9 ders notlar\u0131, tarih 10 ders notlar\u0131, tarih 11 ders notlar\u0131, ink\u0131lap tarihi ders notlar\u0131, \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f T\u00fcrk ve d\u00fcnya tarihi ders notlar\u0131, g\u00fcncel tarih ders notlar\u0131, \u00f6zet konu anlat\u0131m, k\u0131sa tarih, yeni kitaba g\u00f6re haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f ders notlar\u0131, yeni m\u00fcfredat tarih , tarih pdf<\/b><\/span>
\n
<\/b><\/span>
\nA\u00c7IK SULARDA G\u00dc\u00c7 M\u00dcCADELES\u0130<\/b><\/span>
\n
<\/b><\/span>
\nXVII-XVIII. Y\u00fczy\u0131llarda Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nde Ticaret<\/b><\/span>
\nYeni \u00c7a\u011f Avrupas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n K\u00fcresel G\u00fc\u00e7leri<\/b><\/span>
\n\u0130spanya ve Portekiz\u2019in Denizcilik Faaliyetleri<\/b><\/span>
\nFransa Siyaseti ve S\u00f6m\u00fcrgecili\u011fi<\/b><\/span>
\n\u0130ngiltere\u2019nin Deniza\u015f\u0131r\u0131 G\u00fc\u00e7 H\u00e2line Gelmesi<\/b><\/span>
\nHollanda\u2019n\u0131n S\u00f6m\u00fcrge \u0130mparatorlu\u011funa D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc<\/b><\/span>
\nRusya\u2019n\u0131n A\u00e7\u0131k Denizlere A\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131<\/b><\/span>
\nYeni \u00c7a\u011f\u2019da \u0130talya<\/b><\/span>
\nDenizlerde H\u00e2kimiyetten Tabiiyete<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin Karadeniz H\u00e2kimiyetinin Zay\u0131flama S\u00fcreci<\/b><\/span>
\nOsmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin Akdeniz H\u00e2kimiyetinin Zay\u0131flama S\u00fcreci<\/b><\/span>
\nOsmanl\u0131 Donanmas\u0131nda Revizyon<\/b><\/span>
\nK\u00fcrek G\u00fcc\u00fcnden R\u00fczg\u00e2r G\u00fcc\u00fcne Ge\u00e7i\u015f<\/b><\/span>
\n<\/a>XVII-XVIII. Y\u00fczy\u0131llarda Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nde Ticaret<\/b><\/span>
\n
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\nXVII ve XVIII. Y\u00fczy\u0131llarda D\u00fcnya ticaret yollar\u0131 Co\u011frafi Ke\u015fifler ile i\u00e7 denizlerden (Akdeniz) d\u0131\u015f denizlere (Atlas, B\u00fcy\u00fck, Hint Okyanuslar\u0131 vd.) ta\u015f\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olsa da Akdeniz h\u00e2l\u00e2 \u00fczerinde en fazla gemilerin dola\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 aland\u0131. <\/span>
\nXVIII. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan itibaren Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin d\u0131\u015f ticaretinde Bat\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc g\u00f6r\u00fclmekteydi.<\/span>
\nOsmanl\u0131 Devleti kendi limanlar\u0131na yerle\u015fmi\u015f Bat\u0131l\u0131 t\u00fcccarlar\u0131n kal\u0131c\u0131 olmalar\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in onlara kapit\u00fclasyonlar tan\u0131d\u0131.<\/span>
\nBat\u0131, bir yandan ham madde al\u0131m\u0131 di\u011fer taraftan i\u015flenmi\u015f \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin sat\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na almaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015farak ticaret yollar\u0131n\u0131, direk ge\u00e7i\u015f g\u00fczerg\u00e2hlar\u0131n\u0131 egemenli\u011fi alt\u0131na alma politikalar\u0131na y\u00f6nelmi\u015fti. <\/span>
\nBunlar\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nde ise bunal\u0131mlar ya\u015fanmaktayd\u0131.<\/span>
\n<\/ins><\/p>\n

\n<\/div>\n
\nYeni \u00c7a\u011f Avrupas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n K\u00fcresel G\u00fc\u00e7leri<\/span><\/b><\/div>\n
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\n<\/span><\/p>\n
\nXV-XVI. y\u00fczy\u0131llarda Avrupa\u2019da \u201cYeniden Do\u011fu\u015f (R\u00f6nesans)\u201d ad\u0131yla an\u0131lan bir devir ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/span><\/div>\n

<\/p>\n

\nMatbaan\u0131n icad\u0131 ve bas\u0131m tekni\u011finin \u0131slah\u0131 bu geli\u015fmeyi yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131rken Portekiz ve \u0130spanyollar\u2019\u0131n \u00f6nderli\u011findeki b\u00fcy\u00fck Co\u011frafi Ke\u015fifler, d\u00fcnya hakk\u0131ndaki o zamanlara kadar gelen yanl\u0131\u015f ve k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131 bilgileri temelinden sarst\u0131 ve de\u011fi\u015ftirdi.<\/div>\n
\nCo\u011frafi Ke\u015fifler, Avrupa\u2019ya umulmad\u0131k bir zenginlik sa\u011flad\u0131. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n Portekiz ve \u0130spanyol blo\u011funa ayr\u0131lmas\u0131, geni\u015f s\u00f6m\u00fcrge imparatorluklar\u0131n\u0131n kurulmas\u0131 ve Co\u011frafi Ke\u015fifler Eski D\u00fcnya\u2019n\u0131n bilinen ticaret yollar\u0131n\u0131 (Baharat ve \u0130pek Yolu) de\u011fi\u015ftirdi. Ticaret sahas\u0131 i\u00e7 denizlerden d\u0131\u015f denizlere ta\u015f\u0131nd\u0131.<\/div>\n
\nKe\u015ffedilen yeni k\u0131talardaki eski medeniyetler (\u0130nka, Aztek, Maya) ac\u0131mas\u0131zca imha ve talan edildi. <\/div>\n
\nS\u00f6m\u00fcrgeci \u00fclkeler i\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fc ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131 Afrika\u2019dan ta\u015f\u0131nan k\u00f6lelerle telafi etti.<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\n\u0130spanya ve Portekiz\u2019in Denizcilik Faaliyetleri<\/b><\/div>\n
\n
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\n
\nXVI. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonlar\u0131na do\u011fru \u0130ber Yar\u0131madas\u0131\u2019nda <\/div>\n
\n\u0130spanya, Portekiz\u2019i zapt ederek siyasi b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015fmeyi sa\u011flad\u0131. <\/div>\n
\n\u0130spanya ve Portekiz s\u00f6m\u00fcrge imparatorluklar\u0131 uzun \u00f6m\u00fcrl\u00fc olmad\u0131.<\/div>\n
\n\u0130spanyol deniz g\u00fcc\u00fc, \u0130ngiltere\u2019ye kar\u015f\u0131 giri\u015filen m\u00fccadelede a\u011f\u0131r bir ma\u011flubiyete u\u011frad\u0131 (1588).<\/div>\n
\nBu devletlerin s\u00f6m\u00fcrgelerine \u0130ngiltere ve Hollanda taraf\u0131ndan el konuldu.<\/div>\n

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\n<\/div>\n
\nFransa Siyaseti ve S\u00f6m\u00fcrgecili\u011fi<\/b><\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\n
\nFransa, 1580\u2019li y\u0131llardan sonra s\u00f6m\u00fcrge politikas\u0131na h\u0131z verdi.<\/div>\n
\n\u0130lk s\u00f6m\u00fcrgeleri G\u00fcney ve Kuzey Amerika\u2019da Karayip Denizi ve adalar\u0131 oldu.<\/div>\n
\nBu adalar o zamanlarda s\u00f6m\u00fcrge politikas\u0131 g\u00fcden b\u00fct\u00fcn Avrupa devletlerinin ele ge\u00e7irmek istedikleri yerlerdendi ancak bu b\u00f6lgeye y\u00f6nelik m\u00fccadelelerde Fransa, \u0130ngiltere\u2019ye kar\u015f\u0131 ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olamad\u0131.<\/div>\n
\nFransa s\u00f6m\u00fcrgeci \u00fclkeler aras\u0131nda ilk defa Afrika K\u0131tas\u0131\u2019na y\u00f6nelen \u00fclke oldu. Afrika s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecili\u011finde en b\u00fcy\u00fck gelir kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131 k\u00f6le ticareti te\u015fkil etti.<\/div>\n
\nFransa, Avrupa d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki s\u00f6m\u00fcrgelerinin pek \u00e7o\u011funu, rakibi ve takip\u00e7isi olan \u0130ngiltere\u2019ye terk etti (1763).<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\n\u0130ngiltere\u2019nin Deniza\u015f\u0131r\u0131 G\u00fc\u00e7 H\u00e2line Gelmesi<\/b><\/div>\n
\n
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\n\u0130ngiltere, ba\u015fta Amerika K\u0131tas\u0131 olmak \u00fczere yeni ke\u015ffedilen b\u00f6lgelere kendi halk\u0131n\u0131 yerle\u015ftirdi.<\/div>\n
\nAvrupa\u2019daki sava\u015flar\u0131 kendi s\u00f6m\u00fcrge imparatorlu\u011funu geni\u015fletmek i\u00e7in f\u0131rsat olarak g\u00f6rd\u00fc.<\/div>\n
\nK\u0131ta Avrupas\u0131\u2019nda takip etti\u011fi denge politikas\u0131nda ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 oldu.<\/div>\n
\nMali y\u00f6nden Avrupa devletlerinin finans kayna\u011f\u0131 durumuna geldi. Avrupa\u2019da s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclen her sava\u015f \u0130ngiltere i\u00e7in bir kazan\u00e7 kap\u0131s\u0131 oldu.<\/div>\n
\n\u0130ngiltere, 1580\u2019de Levant Company\u2019i (Liv\u0131nt) Do\u011fu Akdeniz Ticaret \u015eirketi) kurdu.<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\nBu \u015firket, XVII. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan itibaren ise neredeyse ticari bir tekel h\u00e2line d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc .<\/div>\n
\n\u0130ngiltere, do\u011fudan bat\u0131ya b\u00fcy\u00fck bir co\u011frafyadaki kaynaklar\u0131 kontrol eden bir deniz imparatorlu\u011fu h\u00e2line geldi.<\/div>\n
\n Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te en \u00f6nemli rakibi Hollanda oldu. <\/div>\n
\n\u0130ngiltere, 1714\u2019te Cebelitar\u0131k\u2019\u0131 i\u015fgal ederek Fransa ve \u0130spanya\u2019n\u0131n deniz g\u00fc\u00e7lerini etkisiz h\u00e2le getirdi.<\/div>\n
\nK\u0131talara yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f geni\u015f topraklar\u0131, g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc donanmas\u0131 ve siyasi n\u00fcfuzu ile \u0130ngiltere\u2019ye bu d\u00f6nemde \u201c\u00fczerinde g\u00fcne\u015f batmayan imparatorluk\u201d unvan\u0131 verilmi\u015ftir. <\/div>\n
\nBu unvan\u0131n verilmesinin nedeni \u0130ngiltere\u2019nin kuzey yar\u0131m k\u00fcrede, s\u00f6m\u00fcrgelerinin ise g\u00fcney yar\u0131m k\u00fcrede bulunmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nHollanda\u2019n\u0131n S\u00f6m\u00fcrge \u0130mparatorlu\u011funa D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc<\/div>\n
\n
\nWestphalia Bar\u0131\u015f\u0131 (1648) ile \u0130spanya, Hollanda\u2019n\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 resmen tan\u0131d\u0131. <\/div>\n
\nHollanda, XVII. y\u00fczy\u0131lda ticaret ve gemicili\u011fin geli\u015fmesiyle h\u0131zla zenginle\u015fti.<\/div>\n
\nEkonomik geli\u015fmelerle birlikte g\u00fc\u00e7lenen varl\u0131kl\u0131 t\u00fcccar ve bankerler Hollanda\u2019da aristokratik bir cumhuriyetin de temellerini att\u0131.<\/div>\n
\n1795\u2019ten 1815\u2019e kadar Frans\u0131z istil\u00e2s\u0131na maruz kalan Hollanda, elindeki teknelerin \u00e7o\u011funu kaybetti ve kolonilerinin \u00f6nemli bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc de Uzak Do\u011fu\u2019daki ticari rant\u0131 payla\u015fmak istemedi\u011fi \u0130ngilizlere kapt\u0131rd\u0131. <\/div>\n
\nMali durumun bozulmas\u0131 \u00fczerine Bat\u0131 ve Do\u011fu Hindistan \u015firketlerini de feshetmek zorunda kald\u0131.<\/div>\n

<\/ins><\/p>\n

\n<\/div>\n
\nRusya\u2019n\u0131n A\u00e7\u0131k Denizlere A\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131<\/b><\/div>\n
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\n\u00c7ar I. Petro\u2019dan itibaren s\u0131cak denizlere \u00e7\u0131kma ve d\u00fcnya ticaretinde s\u00f6z sahibi olma politikas\u0131n\u0131 prensip edinen Rusya, kendisine yay\u0131lma alan\u0131 olarak Osmanl\u0131 co\u011frafyas\u0131n\u0131 se\u00e7ti.<\/div>\n
\nRusya, kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda menfaatleri gere\u011fince Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019ni destekleyen \u0130ngiltere ve Fransa\u2019y\u0131 buldu.<\/div>\n
\n\u00d6zellikle K\u0131r\u0131m, Rusya i\u00e7in \u00e7ok \u00f6nemliydi \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc K\u0131r\u0131m; Karadeniz\u2019e, \u0130stanbul\u2019a, Bo\u011fazlar\u2019a ve Akdeniz\u2019e a\u00e7\u0131lman\u0131n kap\u0131s\u0131 konumundayd\u0131.<\/div>\n
\nRus \u00c7ar\u2019\u0131 I. Petro\u2019nun bir di\u011fer hedefi de Balkanlar\u2019daki Slavlar\u0131 kendine ba\u011flamak oldu (Panslavizm). Rusya b\u00f6ylece Balkanlar \u00fczerinden de Ege ve Akdeniz\u2019e a\u00e7\u0131labilecekti.<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n1736\u2019da Azak Denizi Rusya\u2019n\u0131n kontrol\u00fcne ge\u00e7ti. <\/div>\n
\nRus donanmas\u01311770\u2019de \u0130ngilizlerden ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 destekle Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n<\/div>\n
\n\u00e7evresinden dola\u015f\u0131p Sak\u0131z Adas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndaki \u00c7e\u015fme\u2019de T\u00fcrk donanmas\u0131n\u0131 yakt\u0131. <\/div>\n
\nRusya, 1774\u2019te Karadeniz \u00fczerinde h\u00e2kimiyet kurup 1783\u2019te de K\u0131r\u0131m\u2019\u0131 resmen topraklar\u0131na katt\u0131. <\/div>\n
\nOsmanl\u0131 Devleti 1792 Ya\u015f Antla\u015fmas\u0131 ile K\u0131r\u0131m\u2019\u0131n Rusya\u2019ya ait oldu\u011funu kabul etti.<\/div>\n

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\n<\/div>\n
\nYeni \u00c7a\u011f\u2019da \u0130talya<\/b><\/div>\n
\n
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\nEkonomisi genelde deniz ticaretine dayanan \u0130talya, Co\u011frafi Ke\u015fifler sonras\u0131 uluslararas\u0131 ticaretin Akdeniz\u2019den \u00e7ok okyanuslara ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131yla XVII. y\u00fczy\u0131lda uzun bir durgunluk d\u00f6nemine girdi.<\/div>\n
\nAvrupa\u2019n\u0131n en geli\u015fmi\u015f yar\u0131madas\u0131 olan \u0130talya\u2019n\u0131n eski ihti\u015fam\u0131ndan geriye bir \u015fey kalmad\u0131. <\/div>\n
\nBu durumu f\u0131rsat bilen \u0130spanyollar G\u00fcney \u0130talya\u2019y\u0131 egemenlikleri alt\u0131na ald\u0131lar. <\/div>\n
\nXVII. y\u00fczy\u0131l sonlar\u0131na do\u011fru \u0130spanya, Veraset Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019yla (1700-1713) g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc yitirince \u0130talya \u00fczerindeki h\u00e2kimiyeti sona erdi. <\/div>\n
\nDaha sonra \u0130spanya\u2019n\u0131n yerini Avusturya ald\u0131. Avusturyal\u0131lar 1707\u2019de Napoli\u2019yi, Sardinya\u2019y\u0131, Sicilya\u2019y\u0131 ald\u0131.<\/div>\n
\nKuzey Bat\u0131 \u0130talya\u2019da yer alan Savona D\u00fckal\u0131\u011f\u0131 1720\u2019de Sardinya Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131 h\u00e2line geldi.<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nOsmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin Karadeniz H\u00e2kimiyetinin Zay\u0131flama S\u00fcreci<\/b><\/div>\n
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\nOsmanl\u0131 Devleti, XV. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Karadeniz\u2019de; XVI. y\u00fczy\u0131lda ise Akdeniz\u2019de h\u00e2kimiyetini tesis etmi\u015fti.<\/div>\n
\nOsmanl\u0131 Devleti Karadeniz\u2019de sadece imtiyaz tan\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fclkelerin (Venedik, Fransa, \u0130ngiltere ve Hollanda) ticari gemilerinin dola\u015fmas\u0131na izin verdi. <\/div>\n
\nOsmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin zay\u0131flamas\u0131ndaki en \u00f6nemli d\u0131\u015f etkenlerden biri Rusya\u2019n\u0131n \u00c7ar I. Petro (1682-1725) liderli\u011finde g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir tehdit unsuru h\u00e2line gelmesiydi.<\/div>\n
\n1700 y\u0131l\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131 Devleti ile Rusya aras\u0131nda imzalanan \u0130stanbul Antla\u015fmas\u0131 ile Azak Kalesi Rusya\u2019ya b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. B\u00f6ylece Rusya Karadeniz\u2019e a\u00e7\u0131lmak i\u00e7in sa\u011flam bir \u00fcs edinmi\u015fti.<\/div>\n
\nRusya, Karadeniz\u2019de ilk olarak serbest ticaret hakk\u0131n\u0131 1720 tarihinde elde etti.<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
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\n1739 tarihli Belgrad Antla\u015fmas\u0131na g\u00f6re Rusya Karadeniz\u2019de gemi bulundurmayacak ancak Rus t\u00fcccarlar\u0131 Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin gemileriyle ticaret yapabilecekti. <\/div>\n
\nRusya, Belgrad Antla\u015fmas\u0131 ile Azak\u2019a h\u00e2kim olsa da bu antla\u015fma Rus gemilerine Karadeniz\u2019de seyr\u00fcsefer (gidi\u015f geli\u015f) hakk\u0131 tan\u0131mad\u0131.<\/div>\n
\n1770\u2019te \u00c7e\u015fme\u2019de demirli h\u00e2lde bulunan donanman\u0131n Rusya taraf\u0131ndan yak\u0131lmas\u0131 Osmanl\u0131 Devleti i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck bir felaket oldu.<\/div>\n
\nRuslar ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k vaatleri ile baz\u0131 Tatar prenslerini kendi taraflar\u0131na \u00e7ekmeyi ba\u015far\u0131nca 1771\u2019de K\u0131r\u0131m\u2019a sald\u0131rd\u0131.<\/div>\n
\nOsmanl\u0131 Devleti ile Rusya aras\u0131nda 1768\u2019de ba\u015flayan K\u0131r\u0131m ve Karadeniz h\u00e2kimiyeti m\u00fccadeleleri iki devlet aras\u0131nda 1774 tarihinde imzalanan K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Kaynarca Antla\u015fmas\u0131 ile son buldu. K\u0131r\u0131m Osmanl\u0131dan ayr\u0131ld\u0131, ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z oldu.<\/div>\n
\nRusya, 1783\u2019te K\u0131r\u0131m\u2019\u0131 i\u015fgal ederek topraklar\u0131na katt\u0131.<\/div>\n
\n1792 tarihinde Osmanl\u0131 Devleti ile Rusya aras\u0131nda imzalanan  Ya\u015f Antla\u015fmas\u0131yla Osmanl\u0131 Devleti K\u0131r\u0131m\u2019\u0131n Rusya\u2019ya ait oldu\u011funu resmen kabul etti.<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nOsmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin Akdeniz H\u00e2kimiyetinin Zay\u0131flama S\u00fcreci<\/b><\/div>\n
\n
<\/b><\/div>\n
\n
\nCo\u011frafi Ke\u015fifler sonras\u0131 Atlas Okyanusu\u2019na kom\u015fu olan \u00fclkelerin ticareti geli\u015fince Akdeniz ticareti eski \u00f6nemini yitirdi.<\/div>\n
\nBu durumdan en \u00e7ok Venedik ve Ceneviz gibi Akdeniz ticaretinde s\u00f6z sahibi olan \u00fclkeler olumsuz etkilendi. Osmanl\u0131 Devleti de ke\u015fiflerden olumsuz etkilenen \u00fclkelerden oldu.<\/div>\n
\nDeniz ticaretini canl\u0131 tutmak isteyen Osmanl\u0131 Devleti, Avrupal\u0131 devletlere kapit\u00fclasyonlar verdi.<\/div>\n
\nBu durum Akdeniz ve Karadeniz\u2019deki ticaretin yabanc\u0131 devletlerin tekeline girmesine sebep oldu.<\/div>\n
\nOsmanl\u0131 Devleti, \u0130nebaht\u0131 Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019ndan (1571) Girit Adas\u0131 Seferleri\u2019ne (1645) kadar Akdeniz\u2019de ciddi bir sava\u015f olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/div>\n
\nDonanma art\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, yenilenmedi\u011finden ve bak\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131ktan kullan\u0131lamaz h\u00e2le geldi.<\/div>\n
\n
\n\u00dcmit Burnu\u2019nun ke\u015ffi Baharat Yolu\u2019nun ticari \u00f6nemini azaltt\u0131. Di\u011fer taraftan Amerika\u2019n\u0131n ke\u015ffi ve di\u011fer ke\u015fifler zinciriyle Avrupa \u00fclkeleri y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc bat\u0131ya veya farkl\u0131 alternatif ticaret yollar\u0131na \u00e7evirdi.<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n1645\u2019te Do\u011fu Akdeniz\u2019de Osmanl\u0131 Devleti ile <\/div>\n
\nVenedik aras\u0131nda ba\u015flayan m\u00fccadelelerde donanmadaki <\/div>\n
\neksiklikler ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmaya ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/div>\n
\nBu ba\u011flamda k\u00fcrekli gemilerin yerine yelkenli gemilere ge\u00e7i\u015f s\u00fcreci ba\u015flat\u0131ld\u0131.<\/div>\n
\nAvrupa devletleri sava\u015f d\u00f6nemlerinde denizde d\u00fc\u015fmanlar\u0131n\u0131 y\u0131pratmak amac\u0131yla izinli korsanlar\u0131 kulland\u0131.<\/div>\n
\nKorsanlar, tarafs\u0131z bir b\u00f6lgede d\u00fc\u015fman veya tarafs\u0131z bir devletin gemilerine el koyarak uluslararas\u0131 hukuku ihlal etti. Bu durum Osmanl\u0131 sular\u0131ndaki ticareti olumsuz etkiledi.<\/div>\n
\nKorsan sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nlenememesi bu tarihlerde Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin kendi sular\u0131na h\u00e2kim olamad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bir g\u00f6stergesidir.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nOsmanl\u0131 Donanmas\u0131nda Revizyon<\/b><\/div>\n
\n
<\/b><\/div>\n
\n
\nKad\u0131rga: <\/b>Devletin kurulu\u015fundan XVII. Y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n <\/div>\n
\nikinci yar\u0131s\u0131na kadar kad\u0131rgalar (k\u00fcrekli gemi) kullan\u0131ld\u0131. Akdeniz\u2019in havas\u0131n\u0131n durgun olmas\u0131 nedeniyle burada yelkenliden \u00e7ok kad\u0131rga tercih edilmi\u015ftir.<\/div>\n
\n1534 itibaren Barbaros Hayrettin Pa\u015fa ile birlikte, Osmanl\u0131 Devleti kendine  has gemi in\u015fa etme ve donanma olu\u015fturma yoluna gitti. Bu modele Barbaros (K\u0131z\u0131l Sakal) Hayrettin Pa\u015fa Modeli denir.<\/div>\n
\nKalyon: <\/b>XVII. Y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ortalar\u0131ndan XIX. Y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ortalar\u0131na kadar  kadar kalyonlar (yelkenli gemi) kullan\u0131ld\u0131.<\/div>\n
\n1682 y\u0131l\u0131ndan itibaren kalyon \u00fcretimi i\u00e7in tersanelerde sistemli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yap\u0131ld\u0131. Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede Garp Ocaklar\u0131 ( Kuzey Afrika Eyaletleri: Tunus, Cezayir, Trablusgarp) ile i\u015f birli\u011fi yap\u0131ld\u0131.<\/div>\n
\nBuharl\u0131 Gemiler: <\/b>XIX. Y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ortalar\u0131ndan y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131\u015fa kadar kullan\u0131ld\u0131.<\/div>\n

<\/ins><\/p>\n

\n
<\/b><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\nOsmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nde Garp Ocaklar\u0131<\/b><\/div>\n
\n
<\/b><\/div>\n
\n
\nGarp Ocaklar\u0131, Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin Kuzey Afrika\u2019daki \u00fc\u00e7 eyaletine verilen ortak add\u0131r. (Tunus,Cezayir ve Trablusgarp) <\/div>\n
\nBarbaros Hayrettin Pa\u015fa Cezayir\u2019in, <\/div>\n
\nKoca Sinan Pa\u015fa ile K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 Ali Pa\u015fa Tunus\u2019un, <\/div>\n
\nTurgut Reis Trablusgarp\u2019\u0131n fethinde g\u00f6rev alm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. <\/div>\n
\nGarp Ocaklar\u0131 XVI. ve XVII. y\u00fczy\u0131lda deniz ticareti ve korsanl\u0131k ile zenginle\u015fmi\u015flerdir. <\/div>\n
\nBa\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta merkezden g\u00f6nderilen beylerbeyileri taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6netilmi\u015flerdir. Osmanl\u0131 merkez\u00ee g\u00fcc\u00fc zay\u0131flay\u0131nca Garp Ocaklar\u0131\u2019nda yerel y\u00f6netim g\u00fc\u00e7lenmi\u015ftir.<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\n
\nNot: \u00dcnitenin devam\u0131na www.tarihkursu.com \/ders notlar\u0131<\/a><\/span> b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden ula\u015fabilirsiniz.<\/b><\/div>\n
\n
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\nDaha fazlas\u0131 i\u00e7in bizi takip edin<\/o:p><\/b><\/span><\/div>\n
\nhttp:\/\/www.tarihkursu.com\/<\/a><\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/b><\/div>\n
\nFacebook sayfam\u0131z\u0131 be\u011fenmek i\u00e7in t\u0131klay\u0131n<\/b><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n

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Yotube kanal\u0131m\u0131za abone olmak i\u00e7in t\u0131klay\u0131n<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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