{"id":842,"date":"2018-11-02T09:38:00","date_gmt":"2018-11-02T06:38:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/index.php\/2018\/11\/02\/asiretten-beylige-tarih-10-2-unite-beylikten-devlete-osmanli-siyaseti-1302-1453-1-konu\/"},"modified":"2018-11-02T09:38:00","modified_gmt":"2018-11-02T06:38:00","slug":"asiretten-beylige-tarih-10-2-unite-beylikten-devlete-osmanli-siyaseti-1302-1453-1-konu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/index.php\/2018\/11\/02\/asiretten-beylige-tarih-10-2-unite-beylikten-devlete-osmanli-siyaseti-1302-1453-1-konu\/","title":{"rendered":"A\u015e\u0130RETTEN BEYL\u0130\u011eE ( TAR\u0130H 10 2. \u00dcN\u0130TE BEYL\u0130KTEN DEVLETE OSMANLI S\u0130YASET\u0130 (1302-1453) 1. KONU)"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n<\/a><\/div>\n

Tarih ders notlar\u0131, yks tarih ders notlar\u0131, ayt tarih ders notlar\u0131, tyt tarih ders notlar\u0131, tarih \u00f6zet, tarih 9 ders notlar\u0131, tarih 10 ders notlar\u0131, tarih 11 ders notlar\u0131, ink\u0131lap tarihi ders notlar\u0131, \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f T\u00fcrk ve d\u00fcnya tarihi ders notlar\u0131, g\u00fcncel tarih ders notlar\u0131, \u00f6zet konu anlat\u0131m, k\u0131sa tarih, yeni kitaba g\u00f6re haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f ders notlar\u0131, yeni m\u00fcfredat tarih <\/span><\/b>
\n
<\/span><\/b>
\nA\u015e\u0130RETTEN BEYL\u0130\u011eE <\/b><\/span>
\n
<\/b><\/span>
\nXIII. Y\u00dcZYILIN SONLARINDA ANADOLU VE \u00c7EVRES\u0130N\u0130N JEOPOL\u0130T\u0130K DURUMU<\/b><\/span>
\n
<\/b><\/span>
\nOSMANLI BEYL\u0130\u011e\u0130\u2019N\u0130N KURULU\u015e S\u00dcREC\u0130<\/b><\/span>
\n
<\/b><\/span>
\nOSMANLI DEVLET\u0130\u2019N\u0130N KURULU\u015eU<\/b><\/span>
\n<\/a>A\u015e\u0130RETTEN BEYL\u0130\u011eE<\/span><\/b><\/span>
\n
<\/b><\/span>
\n(1302) Koyunhisar Muharebesi<\/span>
\n(1326) Bursa\u2019n\u0131n Fethi<\/span>
\n(1329) Palekanon Muharebesi<\/span>
\n(1331) \u0130znik\u2019in Fethi<\/span>
\n(1337) \u0130zmit\u2019in Fethi<\/span>
\n(1345) Karesi Beyli\u011fi\u2019nin al\u0131nmas\u0131<\/span><\/p>\n

(1353) \u00c7impe Kalesi\u2019nin al\u0131nmas\u0131<\/span>
\n(1363) Edirne\u2019nin Fethi<\/span>
\n(1371) \u00c7irmen Muharebesi<\/span>
\n(1389) I. Kosova Muharebesi<\/span>
\n(1396) Ni\u011fbolu Muharebesi<\/span>
\n(1402) Ankara Sava\u015f\u0131<\/span>
\n(1402-1413) Fetret Devri<\/span>
\n(1444) Varna Muharebesi<\/span>
\n<\/span>
\n(1448) II. Kosova Muharebesi<\/span><\/p>\n

\n<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nAnadolu ve \u00c7evresi<\/b><\/span><\/div>\n
\n
<\/b><\/span><\/div>\n
\n<\/span><\/p>\n
\nAnadolu,Asya ile Avrupa\u2019y\u0131 Karadeniz ile Akdeniz\u2019i birbirine ba\u011flayan bir k\u00f6pr\u00fc vazifesi g\u00f6r\u00fcyordu. <\/span><\/div>\n


\n<\/span><\/p>\n

\nAyr\u0131ca \u00c7in\u2019den ba\u015flay\u0131p Avrupa\u2019ya kadar uzanan \u0130pek Yolu\u2019nun \u00f6nemli bir k\u0131sm\u0131 da Anadolu\u2019dan ge\u00e7iyordu.<\/span><\/div>\n

<\/p>\n

\nT\u00fcrkiye Sel\u00e7uklu Devleti: <\/b>1243 K\u00f6seda\u011f Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019nda Mo\u011follara yenilerek da\u011f\u0131lma s\u00fcrecine girdiler. <\/div>\n
\nBunun sonucunda da Anadolu\u2019da siyasi birlik bozuldu. <\/div>\n
\nAnadolu\u2019nun muhtelif b\u00f6lgelerinde bir\u00e7ok T\u00fcrkmen beyli\u011fi ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\n
\nDo\u011fu Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu (Bizans): <\/b>\u0130mparatorlu\u011fun XIII. y\u00fczy\u0131l sonlar\u0131nda s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 Balkanlardaki Yunanistan, Trakya, Makedonya ve Ege <\/span>Adalar\u0131n\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131ndan ibaretti. <\/div>\n
\nTaht <\/span>kavgalar\u0131 ve <\/span>Ha\u00e7l\u0131 Seferleri\u2019nin etkisiyle Anadolu ve Balkanlardaki siyasi etkinli\u011fini kaybetme noktas\u0131ndayd\u0131. Trabzon ve \u00e7evresinde h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcren Trabzon \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu ise siyasi y\u00f6nden etkisiz bir konumdayd\u0131.<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\n\u0130hanl\u0131 Devleti:<\/b> Mo\u011fol \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun par\u00e7alanmas\u0131 \u00fczerine H\u00fclag\u00fc Han taraf\u0131ndan \u0130ran ve \u00e7evresinde kuruldu (1256). \u0130lhanl\u0131lar XIII. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Anadolu\u2019yu egemenliklerine ald\u0131lar. Ancak 1260\u2019ta Meml\u00fbklularla yap\u0131lan Ayn-\u0131 Calut Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019nda b\u00fcy\u00fck bir yenilgi ya\u015fad\u0131lar. \u0130lhanl\u0131 Devleti 1336 y\u0131l\u0131nda y\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131.<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\n
\nMeml\u00fbklu Devleti: <\/b>Eyyubi Devleti komutanlar\u0131ndan Aybek taraf\u0131ndan M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019da kuruldu (1250). Meml\u00fbklular, Ha\u00e7l\u0131lara ve Mo\u011follara kar\u015f\u0131 ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 m\u00fccadele verdiler. S\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 Filistin, Suriye ve \u00c7ukurova B\u00f6lgesi\u2019ne kadar geni\u015flettiler, Baharat Yolu\u2019nu denetimleri alt\u0131na ald\u0131lar.<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\n Alt\u0131n Orda Devleti:<\/b> Mo\u011fol \u0130mparatoru Cengiz Han\u2019\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra T\u00fcrk boylar\u0131ndan K\u0131p\u00e7aklar\u0131n Mo\u011follarla kar\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 sonucu Batu Han taraf\u0131ndan Karadeniz\u2019in kuzeyinde kuruldu (1227). Ancak XIV. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonlar\u0131nda Alt\u0131n Orda Han\u0131 Toktam\u0131\u015f Han, Timur ile yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 m\u00fccadeleyi kaybetti (1395). Daha sonraki d\u00f6nemlerde ya\u015fanan kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131klar y\u00fcz\u00fcnden Alt\u0131n Orda Devleti y\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131.<\/div>\n

<\/ins><\/p>\n

\n<\/div>\n
\nBalkanlar <\/span><\/b><\/div>\n
\n
<\/b><\/div>\n
\n
\nXIII. y\u00fczy\u0131l sonlar\u0131nda Balkanlarda Bizans \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu, S\u0131rp ve Bulgarlarla siyasi \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck m\u00fccadelesindeydi. <\/div>\n
\nBalkanlarda S\u0131rp, Bulgar, Arnavut krall\u0131klar\u0131, Efl\u00e2k ve Bo\u011fdan voyvodal\u0131klar\u0131 ile Bosna Prensli\u011fi bulunuyordu. <\/div>\n
\nS\u0131rp Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131, Balkanlarda egemenlik alan\u0131n\u0131 geni\u015fletip b\u00fcy\u00fck S\u0131rbistan\u2019\u0131 kurmak istiyordu.<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nAvrupa<\/span><\/b><\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\nXIII. y\u00fczy\u0131l sonlar\u0131nda Avrupa\u2019da, feodal yap\u0131ya sahip Hristiyan topluluklar\u0131ndan olu\u015fan bir\u00e7ok devlet bulunuyordu. <\/div>\n
\nMerkezi Viyana olan Kutsal Roma Germen \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n en \u00f6nemli siyasi g\u00fcc\u00fcyd\u00fc.<\/div>\n
\n\u0130talya\u2019da Napoli Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131, Venedik ve Ceneviz cumhuriyetleri ile Papal\u0131k yer almaktayd\u0131. <\/div>\n
\nDo\u011fu Avrupa\u2019da Macaristan ve Lehistan Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Moskova Knezli\u011fi vard\u0131. <\/div>\n
\nOrta Avrupa\u2019daki Macaristan, Balkanlar \u00fczerinde h\u00e2kimiyet kurmak istiyordu. <\/div>\n
\nBat\u0131 Avrupa\u2019da \u0130ngiltere ve Fransa bulunuyordu. Ancak bu iki devlet aras\u0131nda \u201cY\u00fczy\u0131l Sava\u015flar\u0131\u201d devam etmekteydi. \u0130spanya\u2019da Beni Ahmer \u0130slam Devleti bulunuyordu.
\n<\/ins><\/p>\n

\nOSMANLI BEYL\u0130\u011e\u0130\u2019N\u0130N KURULU\u015e S\u00dcREC\u0130<\/b>
\n
<\/b>
\nOsmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019ni kuranlar O\u011fuzlar\u0131n G\u00fcnhan soyunun Kay\u0131 boyuna mensuptur.
\nKay\u0131 kelimesi, g\u00fc\u00e7 ve kudret anlam\u0131na gelmektedir.
\nKay\u0131lar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, 1071 Malazgirt Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019ndan sonra Anadolu\u2019ya geldiler. Kay\u0131lar ilk olarak Ahlat y\u00f6resini yurt edindiler.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye Sel\u00e7uklu Sultan\u0131 I. Alaaddin Keykubat zaman\u0131nda Mo\u011follarla yapt\u0131klar\u0131 ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 m\u00fccadeleler ve T\u00fcrkiye Sel\u00e7uklu Devleti\u2019ne yapt\u0131klar\u0131 hizmetler kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ilk olarak Ankara yak\u0131nlar\u0131ndaki Karacada\u011f y\u00f6resine, daha sonra Bizans s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131ndaki S\u00f6\u011f\u00fct\u2019e u\u00e7 beyli\u011fi olarak yerle\u015ftirildiler.<\/p>\n

Bu d\u00f6nemde Kay\u0131lar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda Ertu\u011frul Gazi bulunuyordu.
\nBizans\u2019a kar\u015f\u0131 fetih faaliyetlerine ba\u015flayan Ertu\u011frul Gazi bir s\u00fcre sonra Domani\u00e7\u2019i ele ge\u00e7irdi.
\nKay\u0131lar, S\u00f6\u011f\u00fct\u2019\u00fc k\u0131\u015flak; Domani\u00e7\u2019i de yaylak olarak kullanmaya ba\u015flad\u0131lar.
\n1281 y\u0131l\u0131nda Ertu\u011frul Gazi\u2019nin vefat\u0131 \u00fczerine yerine o\u011flu Osman Bey, Kay\u0131 boyunun ba\u015f\u0131na ge\u00e7ti.
\nBu d\u00f6nemde T\u00fcrkiye Sel\u00e7uklu Sultan\u0131 III. Alaaddin Keykubat\u2019\u0131n \u0130lhanl\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan \u0130ran\u2019a g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fclmesi \u00fczerine Anadolu\u2019da iktidar bo\u015flu\u011fu ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.
\nBu s\u0131rada Osman Bey, Bizans ile m\u00fccadele h\u00e2lindeydi.<\/div>\n

\n<\/div>\n
\n
\nBizansla yap\u0131lan Koyunhisar Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131 kazanan Osman Bey ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ilan ederek kendi ad\u0131na hutbe okutup para bast\u0131rd\u0131. <\/div>\n
\nB\u00f6ylece Osmanl\u0131 Beyli\u011fi ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z konuma geldi (1302).<\/div>\n
\nOsmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin kurulu\u015fu, geli\u015fimi, men\u015fei \u00fczerine \u00e7e\u015fitli tart\u0131\u015fmalara neden oldu. <\/div>\n
\nBu tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n temelinde Osmanl\u0131lar\u0131n ilk d\u00f6nemlerine ait yeterli belgelerin olmay\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve yap\u0131lan ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n konuyu tam olarak ayd\u0131nlatamamas\u0131 da etkilidir.<\/div>\n
\nOsmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin kurulu\u015f tarihi olarak ders kitaplar\u0131nda y\u0131llarca 1299 y\u0131l\u0131 verildi. Yap\u0131lan tarih\u00ee ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar bu tarihin do\u011fru olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterdi. <\/div>\n
\nOsman\u2019\u0131n bir hanedan kurucusu durumuna gelmesi, 1302\u2019de bir Bizans ordusuna kar\u015f\u0131 Bapheus (Koyunhisar) Sava\u015f\u0131 zaferiyle ilgilidir.<\/div>\n

<\/ins><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n<\/div>\n
\nOsmanlI Beyli\u011fi\u2019nin kurulu\u015fu hakk\u0131nda \u00f6ne s\u00fcr\u00fclen nazariyeler<\/b> <\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\n
\nHalil \u0130nalc\u0131k, <\/b>U\u00e7\u2019taki toplumsal de\u011fi\u015fimin temel sebebi olarak g\u00f6\u00e7 ve n\u00fcfus bask\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ve u\u00e7 toplumunu devlet te\u015fekk\u00fcl\u00fc s\u00fcrecine g\u00f6t\u00fcren fakt\u00f6rleri inceler.<\/div>\n
\nMo\u011follar\u0131n do\u011frudan y\u00f6netiminden ka\u00e7mak isteyen T\u00fcrkmen topluluklar\u0131 Bizans s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131na do\u011fru y\u00f6nelir. XIV. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda \u201cgaza ideolojisini benimseyen T\u00fcrkmen beyleri Bat\u0131 Anadolu\u2019da \u00f6nem kazan\u0131rlar.<\/div>\n
\nHalil \u0130nalc\u0131k, eski Sel\u00e7uklu ucunda b\u00fcy\u00fck bir demografik (n\u00fcfus) potansiyele sahip ve y\u00fcceltilmi\u015f gaza ideolojisiyle donanm\u0131\u015f yeni bir T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin do\u011fmakta oldu\u011funu savunur.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\n
\nPaul Wittek, <\/b>Osmanl\u0131 Beyli\u011fi\u2019nin \u00e7ok g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir devlet <\/div>\n
\nolarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131n\u0131 bu beyli\u011fi kuranlar\u0131n gaza d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesiyle hareket etmelerine ba\u011flamaktad\u0131r. <\/div>\n
\nBu gaza d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi ayn\u0131 ideali payla\u015fan ve di\u011fer beyliklerde at\u0131l olarak bekleyen insanlar\u0131 kendine \u00e7ekmi\u015fti ve Osmanl\u0131lar Rumeli\u2019ye ge\u00e7erek kendilerine \u00e7ok verimli bir geni\u015fleme alan\u0131 bulmu\u015flard\u0131.<\/div>\n
\nPaul Wittek\u2019e g\u00f6re Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin geni\u015flemesinin bir sebebi de idareleri alt\u0131na giren ahalinin dinlerine kar\u0131\u015fmamay\u0131 tercih etmeleri olmu\u015ftur. <\/div>\n
\nYani gazilerin kendi dinlerini ba\u015fkalar\u0131na kabul ettirme arzular\u0131ndan kaynaklanabilecek taassuplar\u0131n\u0131n yerini, Hristiyanlara ve Musevilere kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fcsamahak\u00e2r bir din anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\n
\nFuad K\u00f6pr\u00fcl\u00fc,<\/b> Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin tamamen din\u00ee sebeplerle <\/div>\n
\nolan y\u00fckseli\u015f tarz\u0131na itiraz etmektedir. Ona g\u00f6re;<\/div>\n
\nMo\u011follar\u0131n bask\u0131s\u0131 sonucu Anadolu\u2019ya g\u00f6\u00e7 eden T\u00fcrkmenlerin gaza ruhu ile Bizans topraklar\u0131n\u0131 D\u00e2r\u2019\u00fcl-\u0130sl\u00e2m yapma gayretleri<\/div>\n
\nSel\u00e7uklu Devleti\u2019nin zaafa d\u00fc\u015fmesi ve Anadolu beyliklerinin kurulmas\u0131 gibi bu d\u00f6nemde meydana gelen b\u00fcy\u00fck siyasi olaylar,<\/div>\n
\nT\u00fcrklerin sahip oldu\u011fu etnik \u00f6zellikler ve Osmanl\u0131 kabilesinin asil olu\u015fu<\/div>\n
\nAnadolu\u2019da olu\u015fan Gaziy\u00e2n-\u0131 R\u00fbm, Ahiy\u00e2n-\u0131 R\u00fbm, B\u00e2ciy\u00e2n-\u0131 R\u00fbm ve Abdal\u00e2n-\u0131 R\u00fbm gibi asker\u00ee, sosyal ve iktisadi gruplar<\/div>\n
\nOsmanl\u0131 Beyli\u011fi\u2019nin bulundu\u011fu yerin jeopolitik durumu<\/div>\n
\nDi\u011fer beyliklerin Osmanl\u0131 Beyli\u011fi\u2019ne kar\u015f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fmanca tutum i\u00e7ine girmemeleri Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin kurulu\u015funda ve geli\u015fiminde \u00f6nemli rol oynam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
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\nNot: \u00dcnitenin devam\u0131na www.tarihkursu.com \/ders notlar\u0131<\/a><\/span><\/b> b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden ula\u015fabilirsiniz.<\/div>\n
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\n
\nDaha fazlas\u0131 i\u00e7in bizi takip edin<\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n
\nhttp:\/\/www.tarihkursu.com\/<\/a><\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n
\nFacebook sayfam\u0131z\u0131 be\u011fenmek i\u00e7in t\u0131klay\u0131n<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n

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\nYotube kanal\u0131m\u0131za abone olmak i\u00e7in t\u0131klay\u0131n<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Tarih ders notlar\u0131, yks tarih ders notlar\u0131, ayt tarih ders notlar\u0131, tyt tarih ders notlar\u0131, tarih \u00f6zet, tarih 9 ders notlar\u0131, tarih 10 ders notlar\u0131, […]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_regular_price":[],"currency_symbol":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[58,62],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-842","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ders-notlari","category-konu-ozetleri"],"post_slider_layout_featured_media_urls":{"thumbnail":"","post_slider_layout_landscape_large":"","post_slider_layout_portrait_large":"","post_slider_layout_square_large":"","post_slider_layout_landscape":"","post_slider_layout_portrait":"","post_slider_layout_square":"","full":""},"yoast_head":"\nA\u015e\u0130RETTEN BEYL\u0130\u011eE ( TAR\u0130H 10 2. \u00dcN\u0130TE BEYL\u0130KTEN DEVLETE OSMANLI S\u0130YASET\u0130 (1302-1453) 1. 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