{"id":889,"date":"2018-03-26T13:52:00","date_gmt":"2018-03-26T10:52:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/index.php\/2018\/03\/26\/kadim-dunyada-insan-soru-cevap-yaziliya-hazirlik-calismasi\/"},"modified":"2018-03-26T13:52:00","modified_gmt":"2018-03-26T10:52:00","slug":"kadim-dunyada-insan-soru-cevap-yaziliya-hazirlik-calismasi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/index.php\/2018\/03\/26\/kadim-dunyada-insan-soru-cevap-yaziliya-hazirlik-calismasi\/","title":{"rendered":"KAD\u0130M D\u00dcNYADA \u0130NSAN SORU- CEVAP (YAZILIYA HAZIRLIK) \u00c7ALI\u015eMASI"},"content":{"rendered":"

\n<\/span><\/p>\n

\n<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n


\n<\/span>
\n<\/p>\n

\n
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\n<\/span><\/p>\n

\nTarih hangi olayla ba\u015flar?<\/b><\/span>
\n
<\/b><\/span><\/div>\n

<\/p>\n

\nTarih, Mezopotamya\u2019da S\u00fcmerler taraf\u0131ndan yaz\u0131n\u0131n bulunmas\u0131yla ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. (M\u00d6 3500-3200)<\/div>\n
\n
\n<\/a><\/div>\n
\nTarih \u00f6ncesi \u00e7a\u011flar\u0131n (Karanl\u0131k \u00e7a\u011flar) ayd\u0131nlat\u0131lmas\u0131nda bize en \u00e7ok yard\u0131mc\u0131 olan bilim hangisidir?<\/b>
\n
<\/b><\/div>\n
\nArkeoloji<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nTarih \u00d6ncesi \u00c7a\u011flarda (Karanl\u0131k \u00c7a\u011flar) insanlar nas\u0131l ya\u015fam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r?<\/b><\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nBu d\u00f6nemde insanlar ya\u015famlar\u0131na toplay\u0131c\u0131 olarak ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flar, zamanla avlanmay\u0131, ate\u015fi, hayvanlar\u0131 evcille\u015ftirmeyi \u00f6\u011frenmi\u015fler ve nihayet tar\u0131mla birlikte yerle\u015fik hayata ge\u00e7mi\u015flerdir.<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nAvc\u0131\/Toplay\u0131c\u0131 Hayat Tarz\u0131n\u0131n genel \u00f6zellikleri nelerdir?<\/b><\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nBu devrin ba\u015flar\u0131nda insanlar beslenme gereksinimlerini do\u011fada haz\u0131r bulduklar\u0131 meyveleri, bitkileri, bitki k\u00f6klerini toplayarak ve \u00e7evredeki hayvanlar\u0131 avlayarak sa\u011flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Ma\u011fara ve kayalardaki do\u011fal s\u0131\u011f\u0131naklarda ya\u015fayan insanlar; kemik, \u00e7akmak ta\u015f\u0131 gibi sert malzemeleri basit\u00e7e i\u015fleyerek alet yapm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck kabile ve klan \u015feklinde bir arada ya\u015fam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Toplulukta kan ba\u011f\u0131 h\u00e2kimdir. Toplumda e\u015fitlik h\u00e2kimdir. Bu toplumlarda cinsiyete dayal\u0131 bir i\u015fb\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc geli\u015fmi\u015ftir.<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nBereketli Hilal neresidir?<\/b><\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nMezopotamya\u2019y\u0131, Anadolu\u2019nun g\u00fcneydo\u011fusunu, M\u0131s\u0131ra kadar Akdeniz k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7ine alan yar\u0131may \u015feklindeki verimli b\u00f6lgeye Bereketli Hilal ad\u0131 verilmi\u015ftir. Bu b\u00f6lgede yakla\u015f\u0131k 12 bin y\u0131l \u00f6nce tar\u0131m\u0131n ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kabul edilir.<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nD\u00fcnyan\u0131n en eski bu\u011fday t\u00fcrlerinden birisi olan \u201cEmmer evcil bu\u011fday\u0131 Anadolu\u2019da hangi b\u00f6lgelerde bulunmu\u015ftur?<\/b><\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\n\u00c7ay\u00f6n\u00fc H\u00f6y\u00fc\u011f\u00fc (Diyarbak\u0131r) ve Cafer H\u00f6y\u00fck (Malatya)<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nS\u00f6zl\u00fc k\u00fclt\u00fcr unsurlar\u0131 nelerdir?<\/b><\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nKurulu\u015f efsaneleri, mitler ve destanlar<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nTarih \u00f6ncesi devirlerin isimlendirilmesinde ne etkili olmu\u015ftur?<\/b><\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nTarih \u00f6ncesi devirler insanlar\u0131n kulland\u0131klar\u0131 malzemelerin cinsine g\u00f6re Ta\u015f \u00c7a\u011f\u0131 ve Maden \u00c7a\u011f\u0131 olarak ikiye ayr\u0131l\u0131r.<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nTa\u015f Devri hangi d\u00f6nemleri kapsamaktad\u0131r?<\/b><\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nEski Ta\u015f (Paleolitik) Devri, Orta Ta\u015f (Mezolitik – Yontma Ta\u015f) Devri, Yeni Ta\u015f (Neolitik – Cilal\u0131 Ta\u015f) Devrini kapsamaktad\u0131r.<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nEski Ta\u015f (Paleolitik) (M\u00d6 600.000 – 10.000) \u00c7a\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u00f6zellikleri nelerdir? <\/b><\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\n\u0130nsanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n en uzun ve eski d\u00f6nemidir. \u0130klim ko\u015fullar\u0131 olduk\u00e7a elveri\u015fsizdir.<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nMa\u011fara ve a\u011fa\u00e7 kovuklar\u0131 bar\u0131nak olarak kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nTa\u015f ve kemikten yap\u0131lan basit ara\u00e7lar kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nAvc\u0131l\u0131k ve toplay\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k temel u\u011fra\u015ft\u0131r.<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nBu d\u00f6nem insanlar\u0131 baz\u0131 ma\u011fara duvarlar\u0131nda resim ve fig\u00fcrler yapm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nBu d\u00f6nemin T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki \u00f6rnekleri Antalya Karain, Beldibi; \u0130stanbul Yar\u0131mburgaz ma\u011faralar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nD\u00fcnya \u00fczerinde Eski Ta\u015f Devrine ait ilk kal\u0131nt\u0131lara \u0130spanya\u2019daki Altamira ve Fransa\u2019daki Las- k\u00f6 ma\u011faralar\u0131nda rastlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nOrta Ta\u015f (Mezolitik) \u00c7a\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n (10.000-8.000) genel \u00f6zellikleri nelerdir?<\/b><\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\n\u0130klim ko\u015fullar\u0131 daha elveri\u015fli hale gelmi\u015ftir.<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\n\u00c7akmak ta\u015f\u0131ndan, mikrolit ad\u0131 verilen k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ara\u00e7 gere\u00e7ler yap\u0131lmaya ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nD\u00f6nemin sonunda ate\u015f bulunmu\u015ftur.<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nKlan denilen aileler ve aile i\u00e7i i\u015f b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nAvc\u0131l\u0131k, toplay\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k ve bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nAntalya\u2019da Beldibi, Samsun\u2019da Tekkek\u00f6y ve Ankara\u2019da Macun\u00e7ay ma\u011faralar\u0131 bu d\u00f6neme \u00f6rnektir.<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nYeni Ta\u015f (Neolitik) \u00c7a\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n (M\u00d6 8.000-5.500) genel \u00f6zellikleri nelerdir?<\/b><\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nHavalar \u0131s\u0131nm\u0131\u015f, buzul \u00e7a\u011f\u0131 sona ermi\u015ftir.<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\n\u0130nsanlar ma\u011faralardan \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p, akarsu kenarlar\u0131na yerle\u015fmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nTar\u0131m ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f ve baz\u0131 hayvanlar (at, koyun) evcille\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir.<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\n\u0130htiya\u00e7 fazlas\u0131 \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin takas yoluyla sat\u0131lmas\u0131 ticari faaliyetleri ortaya \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\n\u0130nsanlar ara\u00e7larda (ka\u011fn\u0131 arabalar\u0131 vs.) tekerle\u011fi kullanmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\n\u0130lk yerle\u015fim b\u00f6lgeleri kurularak, toplumsal hayata ve i\u015f b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne ge\u00e7ilmi\u015ftir.<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nTopra\u011f\u0131n insanlar taraf\u0131ndan sahiplenilmesi s\u0131n\u0131f farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nKilden \u00e7anak-\u00e7\u00f6mlek ve seramik yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\n“Dolmen” ve “Menhir” denilen an\u0131tlar dikilmi\u015ftir.<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nBitki liflerinden elbiseler dokunmu\u015ftur.<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nDiyarbak\u0131r yak\u0131nlar\u0131ndaki \u00c7ay\u00f6n\u00fc, Yeni Ta\u015f \u00c7a\u011f\u0131\u2019na ait ilk k\u00f6y olarak g\u00f6sterilirken, Konya\u2019da bulunan<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\n\u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck insanl\u0131k tarihinin ilk \u015fehir yerle\u015fimi olarak kabul edilmektedir.<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nBak\u0131r (Kalkolitik) \u00c7a\u011f\u0131na ait Anadolu\u2019daki \u00f6nemli merkezler nerelerdir?<\/b><\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\n\u00c7orum\u2019da Alacah\u00f6y\u00fck, Denizli\u2019de Beycesultan, Yozgat’ta Ali\u015far, \u00c7anakkale\u2019de Truva bu d\u00f6nemin \u00f6nemli merkezleridir.<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nTun\u00e7 \u00c7a\u011f\u0131na ait Anadolu\u2019daki \u00f6nemli merkezler nerelerdir?<\/b><\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nBu d\u00f6nemin \u00f6nemli merkezleri Ankara\u2019da Ahlatl\u0131bel, Kayseri\u2019de K\u00fcltepe\u2019dir.<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nTarih \u00d6ncesi Devirlerin Genel \u00d6zellikleri nelerdir?<\/b><\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nTarih \u00f6ncesi devirleri her toplum ayn\u0131 anda ya\u015famam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nTarih \u00f6ncesi d\u00f6nemler nitelendirilirken, insanlar\u0131n kulland\u0131klar\u0131 ara\u00e7 gere\u00e7ler dikkate al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nTarih \u00f6ncesi toplumlarda k\u00fclt\u00fcrel etkile\u015fim; sava\u015f, g\u00f6\u00e7 ve ticaretle sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nTarih \u00f6ncesi d\u00f6nemlerde bulu\u015flar ve kullan\u0131lan e\u015fyalar \u00f6ncelikle insan ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131ndan ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nAnadolu\u2019da insan varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n ele ge\u00e7irildi\u011fi en eski buluntu yer neresidir?<\/b><\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nKonya, Ak\u015fehir Dursunlu fosil yataklar\u0131<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nAnadolu\u2019da insana dair en eski kemik kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 nerede bulunmu\u015ftur?<\/b><\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nAntalya, Karain Ma\u011faras\u0131<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\n\u00dclkemizde ilk insanlar\u0131n yerle\u015fti\u011fi tespit edilen yer neresidir?<\/b><\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\n\u0130stanbul, Yar\u0131mburgaz Ma\u011faras\u0131<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nG\u00f6beklitepe\u2019nin (\u015eanl\u0131urfa) \u00f6zellikleri nelerdir?<\/b><\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\n\u015eanl\u0131urfa kent merkezine ba\u011fl\u0131 \u00d6rencik K\u00f6y\u00fc yak\u0131nlar\u0131nda bulunan G\u00f6beklitepe, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n bilinen ilk din\u00ee yap\u0131lar\u0131 olarak g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczden 12.000 y\u0131l \u00f6ncesine tarihlendirilmektedir.<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nBuradaki yap\u0131lar, merkezde ikiz (T) \u015feklinde dikili ta\u015f ile onu \u00e7evreleyen ta\u015flar ve duvardan olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r.<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nBir yerle\u015fim yeri niteli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131mayan G\u00f6beklitepe\u2019de ta\u015f aletler, heykeller ve bitki kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 da bulunmu\u015ftur.<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\n\u0130nsano\u011flunun, tar\u0131m ve yerle\u015fik hayattan sonra tap\u0131naklar yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015feklindeki yayg\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f, G\u00f6beklitepe\u2019nin ke\u015ffiyle tart\u0131\u015fmaya a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\n\u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck\u2019\u00fcn (Konya) \u00f6zellikleri nelerdir?<\/b><\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\n\u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck, Konya’n\u0131n \u00c7umra \u0130l\u00e7esi s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131nda olup, il\u00e7enin 10 km do\u011fusunda yer almaktad\u0131r.<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\n\u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck, k\u00f6yden kent hayat\u0131na ge\u00e7i\u015fin ilk ve en \u00f6nemli kan\u0131t\u0131d\u0131r.<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nEvler tek katl\u0131 olup, eve giri\u015f damda a\u00e7\u0131lan bir delikten merdivenle olmaktad\u0131r. Her ev bir oda ve bir depodan olu\u015fmu\u015ftur.<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\n\u015eehri s\u0131n\u0131rlayan ve koruyan sur duvarlar\u0131 niteli\u011finde herhangi bir buluntuya rastlanmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde \u201cUNESCO D\u00fcnya Miras\u0131\u201d listesinde olan \u00f6nemli bir yerdir.<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\n\u00c7ay\u00f6n\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn (Diyarbak\u0131r) \u00f6zellikleri nelerdir?<\/b><\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\n\u00c7ay\u00f6n\u00fc, Diyarbak\u0131r-Ergani il\u00e7esi s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131ndad\u0131r. \u00c7ay\u00f6n\u00fc\u2019nde, Yak\u0131ndo\u011fu\u2019daki k\u00f6y yerle\u015fmelerinin ilk \u00f6rne\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\n\u0130lk \u00c7a\u011f\u0131n genel \u00f6zellikleri nelerdir?<\/b><\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nAsur, Babil, Hun ve Roma gibi merkezi imparatorluklar ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nSanayinin ve ticaretin geli\u015fmesine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak s\u0131n\u0131f farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nK\u00f6leci bir yap\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nEn \u00f6nemli ticari yollar ipek ve Baharat yollar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nYaz\u0131, geni\u015f bir co\u011frafyaya yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nTek tanr\u0131l\u0131 dinler ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. (Musevilik, Hristiyanl\u0131k)<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nTakvim, alfabe ve para gibi t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyay\u0131 etkileyen bulu\u015flar ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir.<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nTarihsel s\u00fcre\u00e7te \u00f6nemli uygarl\u0131klar\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 co\u011frafi b\u00f6lgeler hangileridir?<\/b><\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nMezopotamya, M\u0131s\u0131r, Iran, Hindistan, \u00c7in, Anadolu\u2019dur.<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nMezopotamya\u2019da hangi uygarl\u0131klar kurulmu\u015ftur?<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nS\u00fcmer, Akad, Babil, Asur ve Elam uygarl\u0131klar\u0131 kurulmu\u015ftur.<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nK\u00fclt\u00fcr nedir?<\/b><\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nBir ulusa \u00f6zg\u00fc ge\u00e7mi\u015ften gelen maddi ve manevi de\u011ferlerin b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcne k\u00fclt\u00fcr denir.<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\n\u0130lk uygarl\u0131klar nerelerde kurulmu\u015ftur?<\/b><\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\n\u0130lk uygarl\u0131klar; insanlar\u0131n ya\u015famlar\u0131n\u0131 kolayca s\u00fcrd\u00fcrebildikleri Anadolu, Mezopotamya, M\u0131s\u0131r, \u0130ran, \u00c7in ve Hindistan gibi \u0131l\u0131man iklim ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131nda bulunan g\u00f6l, nehir ve deniz kenarlar\u0131nda kurulmu\u015ftur.<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nKabile nedir?<\/b><\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nKabile, ayn\u0131 atadan gelen ve birbirine kan ba\u011f\u0131yla ba\u011fl\u0131 bulunan b\u00fcy\u00fck insan toplulu\u011funa verilen isimdir.<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\n\u015eehir devletleri nas\u0131l ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r?<\/b><\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nYerle\u015fik hayat\u0131n ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Anadolu ve Mezopotamya uygarl\u0131klar\u0131nda insanlar \u00f6nce kabileler halinde \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmi\u015fken, zamanla say\u0131lar\u0131 binleri bulan kabilelerden olu\u015fan kabile konfederasyonlar\u0131 ve bunlar\u0131n olu\u015fturdu\u011fu \u015fehir (site) devletleri ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\n\u0130lk \u00c7a\u011fda kurulan \u015fehir devletleri hangileridir?<\/b><\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nM\u0131s\u0131r\u2019da\u201cnom\u201d, S\u00fcmerlerde \u201csite\u201d, \u0130yon ve Dorlarda \u201cpolis\u201d ad\u0131 verilen \u015fehir devletleri kurulmu\u015ftur<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nS\u00fcmer \u015fehir devletlerinde siyasi birlik nas\u0131l sa\u011fland\u0131?<\/b><\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nUr, Uruk, Laga\u015f, Ki\u015f gibi \u015fehir devletlerinin krallar\u0131 \u00e7evresindeki sitelere h\u00e2kim olursa \u201cLugal\u201d, \u00fclkenin tamam\u0131nda birli\u011fi sa\u011flarsa \u201cLugal Kalma\u201d unvan\u0131n\u0131 al\u0131rd\u0131. B\u00f6ylece site devletleri aras\u0131nda siyasi birlik sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015f olurdu.<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nKolonicilik nedir?<\/b><\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\n\u0130lk \u00c7a\u011f’da \u00dclkeleri d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ele ge\u00e7irilen topraklar\u0131 kendilerine ba\u011flayarak bazen de kendi vatanda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 o b\u00f6lgeye yerle\u015ftirerek genellikle ticari faaliyetlerde kullanmak amac\u0131yla olu\u015fturulan idarelere koloni denir. Bu kolonilerin devletin idaresinde aktif olarak kullan\u0131lmas\u0131na da kolonicilik denir. Bu d\u00f6nemde \u0130yon, Yunan, Fenike, Asur gibi uygarl\u0131klar kolonicilik faaliyetinde bulunmu\u015flard\u0131r.<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nAsurlar\u0131n kolonicilik faaliyetleri hakk\u0131nda bilgi veriniz<\/b><\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nAsurlular, \u00f6zellikle Anadolu\u2019da pek \u00e7ok kara kolonisi kurmu\u015f ve yapt\u0131klar\u0131 ticaret yollar\u0131 sayesinde Anadolu\u2019yla g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir ticaret ba\u011f\u0131 olu\u015fturmu\u015flard\u0131. Bu ticaret faaliyetleriyle Asurlular, S\u00fcmerlerden \u00f6\u011frendikleri yaz\u0131y\u0131 Anadolu\u2019ya getirerek burada tarih \u00e7a\u011flar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flamas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\n\u0130mparatorluk nedir?<\/b><\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\n\u0130mparatorluk;<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\n\u2022 Topraklar\u0131nda oturan \u00e7e\u015fitli milletleri egemenli\u011fi alt\u0131nda toplayan devlet bi\u00e7imi,<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\n\u2022 \u0130\u00e7erisinde \u00e7e\u015fitli unsurlar\u0131 (din, etnik k\u00f6ken, dil vb) bar\u0131nd\u0131ran devlet modeli,<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nKu\u015fat\u0131c\u0131 imparatorluk nedir?<\/b><\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\n\u0130lk \u00c7a\u011f\u2019da ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f olan baz\u0131 imparatorluklar ele ge\u00e7irdikleri yerlerdeki ki\u015fileri ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrleri d\u0131\u015flamay\u0131p oradaki insanlar\u0131 devlet sistemi i\u00e7inde kullanm\u0131\u015f ve onlardan faydalanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ku\u015fat\u0131c\u0131 imparatorluklar olarak tan\u0131mlanabilen bu imparatorluklara, Hititler \u00f6rnek verilebilir.<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nAncak \u0130lk \u00c7a\u011f\u2019da ele ge\u00e7irdikleri topraklarla k\u00fclt\u00fcrel etkile\u015fimde bulunmak veya insanlar\u0131ndan faydalanmak yerine o b\u00f6lgelerin zenginliklerini ya\u011fmalamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan imparatorluklar da ya\u015fam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ku\u015fat\u0131c\u0131 olmayan bu imparatorluklara ise Yeni Asur, Yeni Babil imparatorluklar\u0131 \u00f6rnek verilebilir<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nHititlerde g\u00fcc\u00fcn me\u015fruiyet kayna\u011f\u0131 neydi?<\/b><\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nAnadolu\u2019da M\u00d6 1700\u2019lerde kurulan Hititlerde krallar\u0131n, g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc tanr\u0131dan ald\u0131\u011f\u0131na inan\u0131l\u0131r ve emirleri tanr\u0131n\u0131n emriymi\u015f gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcrd\u00fc Fakat krallar kendilerini tanr\u0131 olarak g\u00f6rmezlerdi. Bu y\u00fczden Hititlerin y\u00f6netimi dine dayal\u0131 bir krall\u0131k veya teokratik bir monar\u015fi olarak ifade edilebilir.<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nUrartularda g\u00fcc\u00fcn me\u015fruiyet kayna\u011f\u0131 neydi?<\/b><\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nUrartularda krallar yapt\u0131klar\u0131 i\u015fleri tanr\u0131lar\u0131 \u201cHaldi\u201d ad\u0131na yaparlard\u0131. Yani krallar tanr\u0131 de\u011fildi ama onun yerine h\u00fckmederlerdi. Bu y\u00f6n\u00fcyle Urartular, Hititlerle benzerlik g\u00f6sterir.<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nGirit Adas\u0131\u2019nda g\u00fcc\u00fcn me\u015fruiyet kayna\u011f\u0131 neydi?<\/b><\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nGirit Adas\u0131\u2019nda halk, soylular ve kral taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6netilirdi. Y\u00f6neticilerin din ad\u0131na s\u00f6z sahibi olmas\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcyle y\u00f6netimleri teokratikti.<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\n\u0130yonlarda g\u00fcc\u00fcn me\u015fruiyet kayna\u011f\u0131 neydi?<\/b><\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nDorlar\u0131n Yunanistan\u2019\u0131 i\u015fgali sonras\u0131nda Anadolu\u2019ya g\u00f6\u00e7 eden Akalar, \u0130zmir K\u00f6rfezi \u00e7evresinde \u0130yon medeniyetini kurmu\u015ftu. Anadolu\u2019nun k\u00f6kl\u00fc k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcnden de yararlanarak Bat\u0131 Anadolu\u2019da g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir medeniyet olu\u015fturan \u0130yonlar, genel olarak Yunan tanr\u0131lar\u0131na inan\u0131rlard\u0131. Tanr\u0131lar ad\u0131na yap\u0131lan tap\u0131naklarda bulunan din adamlar\u0131 ve k\u00e2hinlerin, krallar \u00fczerinde etkisi olsa da soylular\u0131n yani aristokrat s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n y\u00f6netimdeki etkisi daha b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fc.<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nS\u00fcmerler g\u00fcc\u00fcn me\u015fruiyet kayna\u011f\u0131 neydi?<\/b><\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nS\u00fcmerlerde y\u00f6netici olan \u201cEnsi\u201dler yani rahip-krallar; en y\u00fcksek rahip, yarg\u0131\u00e7 ve komutand\u0131. Her kentte S\u00fcmerlerin sayg\u0131 duydu\u011fu tanr\u0131lara adanm\u0131\u015f \u201cziggurat\u201d ad\u0131 verilen tap\u0131naklar in\u015fa etmi\u015flerdi. Bu tap\u0131naklar\u0131 y\u00f6neten rahip s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131, kentin y\u00f6neticileri \u00fczerinde etkiliydi.<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nAsurlar ve Babillerde g\u00fcc\u00fcn me\u015fruiyet kayna\u011f\u0131 neydi?<\/b><\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nAsur ve Babillerde ise kral, b\u00fcy\u00fck tanr\u0131lar\u0131n yery\u00fcz\u00fcndeki temsilcisi olup onlar ad\u0131na \u00fclkeyi y\u00f6neten rahip krallard\u0131. Kral\u0131n kutsal ki\u015fili\u011fi tanr\u0131lara ve tap\u0131naklara yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 hizmetlerle de\u011ferlendirilirdi. Ancak \u00fcnl\u00fc Babil Kral\u0131 Hammurabi, bu anlay\u0131\u015ftan farkl\u0131 olarak kendisini adaletin kral\u0131 olarak ifade etmi\u015ftir.<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nPerslerde g\u00fcc\u00fcn me\u015fruiyet kayna\u011f\u0131 neydi?<\/b><\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nPers \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nda, h\u00fck\u00fcmdar g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tanr\u0131lardan al\u0131rd\u0131. Zerd\u00fc\u015ftl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn h\u00e2kim oldu\u011fu d\u00f6nemlerde ise krallar kendilerini Tanr\u0131 Ahuramazda\u2019n\u0131n yery\u00fcz\u00fcndeki vekilleri olduklar\u0131n\u0131 belirtir ve h\u00fck\u00fcmdarl\u0131klar\u0131na kutsal bir me\u015fruiyet kazand\u0131r\u0131rlard\u0131.<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nM\u0131s\u0131rda g\u00fcc\u00fcn me\u015fruiyet kayna\u011f\u0131 neydi?<\/b><\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nM\u0131s\u0131r Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ilk d\u00f6nemlerinde krallar, tanr\u0131n\u0131n yery\u00fcz\u00fcndeki temsilcisidir. Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta tanr\u0131 olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclmeyen firavunlar ilerleyen d\u00f6nemlerde tanr\u0131 olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclmeye ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\n\u0130lk siyasi organizasyon t\u00fcrleri nelerdir?<\/b><\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nS\u00fcmerlerde site olarak bilinen \u015fehir devletleri vard\u0131. <\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nBabil Devleti benzer bir yap\u0131da olsa da iktidar\u0131 ele ge\u00e7iren g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc krallar merkez\u00ee otoriteyi daha da g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmi\u015fti.<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nAsurlular ise istilac\u0131 bir yap\u0131ya sahipti ve Mezopotamya d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda pek \u00e7ok yeri y\u00f6netimine alarak imparatorluk g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcne kavu\u015fmu\u015ftu.<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nYunan medeniyetinde polis ad\u0131 verilen \u015fehir devletleri ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Atina ve Sparta gibi polisler aras\u0131nda bitmek bilmeyen m\u00fccadeleler ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nHititler ve Urartular feodal krall\u0131klardan olu\u015furdu. Yerel krall\u0131klar\u0131n kendi i\u00e7lerinde belirli yetkileri olsa da merkez\u00ee krall\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 sorumluluklar\u0131 bulunurdu.<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nPersler; \u0130ran, Anadolu, Mezopotamya, M\u0131s\u0131r ve hatta Yunanistan\u2019\u0131n baz\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerini i\u00e7ine alan b\u00fcy\u00fck bir imparatorluk kurmu\u015flard\u0131.<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nM\u0131s\u0131r\u2019\u0131n ilk d\u00f6nemlerinde k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck k\u00f6yler \u015feklinde olu\u015fumlar g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcrken zamanla bu k\u00f6yler birle\u015ferek Nom veya Nome denilen \u015fehir devletlerini meydana getirmi\u015ftir. M\u00d6 3000\u2019lerde Efsanevi Kral Menes taraf\u0131ndan bu \u015fehir devletleri birle\u015ftirilerek M\u0131s\u0131r Devleti kuruldu.<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nMonar\u015fi nedir?<\/b><\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nSiyasi g\u00fcc\u00fcn bir tek ki\u015finin elinde bulundu\u011fu ve y\u00f6netimin genellikle kan yoluyla aile bireylerine ge\u00e7ti\u011fi y\u00f6netim bi\u00e7imidir.<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nTeokratik y\u00f6netim (anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131) nedir?<\/b><\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nTeokrasi dine dayal\u0131 y\u00f6netim bi\u00e7imidir. Yani, dini otorite organlar\u0131n\u0131n siyasi otorite organlar\u0131 yerine devlet idaresini elde tuttu\u011fu devlet bi\u00e7imidir. Bu y\u00f6netim \u015fekli Teokratik Y\u00f6netim diye de isimlendirilir.<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nTiran nedir Tiranl\u0131k nas\u0131l ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131?<\/b><\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nYunan medeniyeti i\u00e7inde, soylulu\u011fa dayal\u0131 ayr\u0131cal\u0131kl\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131f olan aristokratlara veya halka kar\u015f\u0131 zaman zaman g\u00fc\u00e7 kullanarak y\u00f6netimi ele ge\u00e7iren ki\u015filer olmu\u015ftur. Bu ki\u015filere tiran bunlar\u0131n y\u00f6netimine de tiranl\u0131k denmi\u015ftir.<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nPanku\u015f ve Tavananna nedir?<\/b><\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nHititlerde kral\u0131n yan\u0131nda Panku\u015f ad\u0131nda bir meclis vard\u0131. Kral, alaca\u011f\u0131 kararlarda bu meclise dan\u0131\u015f\u0131rd\u0131. Tavananna denilen krali\u00e7e de y\u00f6netimde s\u00f6z sahibiydi<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nSatrapl\u0131k nedir?<\/b><\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\n\u0130lk \u00c7a\u011f\u2019da Persler, geni\u015f topraklar\u0131 y\u00f6netmek i\u00e7in de Satrapl\u0131k denilen eyalet sistemini olu\u015fturmu\u015flard\u0131. Bu sistemde \u00fclke eyaletlere ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve eyaletler Satrap ad\u0131 verilen idareciler taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6netilmi\u015fti. Satraplar merkezden g\u00f6nderilen memurlar taraf\u0131ndan denetlenmi\u015fti. Ayr\u0131ca merkez\u00ee otoriteyi g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmek ve eyaletler aras\u0131nda ileti\u015fim kurmak amac\u0131yla Persler, geli\u015fmi\u015f bir posta te\u015fkilat\u0131 kurmu\u015flard\u0131.<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\n\u00c7ivi yaz\u0131s\u0131 nas\u0131l ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r?<\/b><\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nKurakl\u0131k ihtimaline kar\u015f\u0131 \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn depolanmas\u0131 ve da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131 amac\u0131yla S\u00fcmerler, tap\u0131naklar\u0131n\u0131 depo olarak kulland\u0131lar. Bu \u00fcr\u00fcnleri kay\u0131t alt\u0131na almak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan semboller sayesinde \u00e7ivi yaz\u0131s\u0131 icat edildi.<\/div>\n
\n
\nAlfabeyi ilk hangi uygarl\u0131k kullanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r?<\/b>
\n
<\/b>
\nFenikeliler
\n
<\/b><\/div>\n
\nM\u0131s\u0131rdaki bilimsel faaliyetler nelerdir?<\/b><\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nNil\u2019in sular\u0131n\u0131n ta\u015fmas\u0131 sonucu tarlalar\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 birbirine kar\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f, bu tarlalar\u0131 ay\u0131rmak i\u00e7in M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019da geometri ilm\u00ee geli\u015fmi\u015ftir. Yine bu ta\u015fk\u0131nlar\u0131n zaman\u0131n\u0131 tespit etmek i\u00e7in M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar g\u00fcne\u015f y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131 hesaplam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6l\u00fcmden sonraki ya\u015fama inand\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6l\u00fclerini mumyalam\u0131\u015flar b\u00f6ylelikle insan v\u00fccudunu tan\u0131m\u0131\u015flar, t\u0131p ve eczac\u0131l\u0131k bilimlerinde geli\u015fmi\u015flerdir. Tanr\u0131-kral anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak firavunlar i\u00e7in piramit ad\u0131 verilen an\u0131t mezarlar yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nTarihte bilinen ilk yaz\u0131l\u0131 anla\u015fma nedir?<\/b><\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nM\u00d6 1280\u2019de yap\u0131lan \u201cKade\u015f Bar\u0131\u015f Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u201d tarihte bilinen ilk yaz\u0131l\u0131 antla\u015fmad\u0131r. M\u0131s\u0131r ve Hitit devletleri aras\u0131nda yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nTapates nedir?<\/b><\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nFriglerin yapt\u0131klar\u0131 kilime, hal\u0131ya verilen ad<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\n\u0130lk \u00c7a\u011flarda hukuk kurallar\u0131n\u0131n kaynaklar\u0131 nelerdir?<\/b><\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\n\u0130lk \u00c7a\u011flarda yap\u0131lan hukuk kurallar\u0131 kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ak\u0131l, gelenek ve kutsal kitaplardan almaktayd\u0131.<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\n\u0130lk yaz\u0131l\u0131 kanunlar nas\u0131l ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r?<\/b><\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nYaz\u0131n\u0131n icad\u0131yla birlikte yaz\u0131l\u0131 h\u00e2le gelen hukuk kurallar\u0131n\u0131n ilk \u00f6rnekleri S\u00fcmerlerde g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Ba\u015ftanr\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan h\u00fck\u00fcmdarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n kendisine verildi\u011fini ifade eden S\u00fcmer Kral\u0131 Urkagina, k\u00f6t\u00fc idare sebebiyle meydana gelen yolsuzluklar\u0131, halk\u0131n huzursuzlu\u011funu ve ho\u015fnutsuzlu\u011funu gidermek i\u00e7in bir adaletname haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fczenlemelerle de daha \u00e7ok bor\u00e7 aff\u0131 gibi konular\u0131 i\u015flemi\u015f ve halk\u0131 rahatlatmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nHammurabi (Babil Kral\u0131) kanunlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zelli\u011fi nedir?<\/b><\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nHammurabi Kanunlar\u0131 \u201cdi\u015fe di\u015f, g\u00f6ze g\u00f6z\u201d \u015feklinde de\u011ferlendirilen ve su\u00e7u i\u015fleyene ayn\u0131 a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kta cezay\u0131 i\u00e7eren kanunlard\u0131r. 282 maddelik Hammurabi Kanunu hem daha \u00f6nce yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan kanunlar\u0131n ve \u00f6rf adet hukukunun bir derlemesiyle hem de zaman\u0131n ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 dikkate al\u0131narak olu\u015fturulmu\u015ftur.<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nHitit kanunlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zelli\u011fi nedir?<\/b><\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nHitit kanunlar\u0131, i\u00e7erik bak\u0131m\u0131ndan S\u00fcmer kanunlar\u0131 gibi insanc\u0131ld\u0131r. \u0130\u015flenen su\u00e7lar\u0131n cezas\u0131 daha \u00e7ok maddi nitelik ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. Hitit kanunlar\u0131nda geleneksel d\u00fczenlemeler toplanm\u0131\u015f, \u00f6l\u00fcm ve i\u015fkence cezalar\u0131 yerine tazminat cezalar\u0131 konmu\u015ftur. Hititler yaln\u0131z insanlar\u0131 de\u011fil hayvanlar\u0131 ve bitkileri korumak i\u00e7in de yasalar \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Hitit kanunlar\u0131nda; evlenme, bo\u015fanma, nik\u00e2h, ni\u015fan gibi aileyle ilgili hususlara yer verilmi\u015ftir. \u00d6n Asya kavimlerinde bo\u015fanma sadece erke\u011fe tan\u0131nan bir hak iken Hititlerde kad\u0131nlara da bu hak tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nHititler hukuk tarihinde ilk defa kasten \u00f6ld\u00fcrme ile kazara adam \u00f6ld\u00fcrmeyi birbirinden ay\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\n\u201cAhd-i At\u00eek\u201d (Eski Ahit) nedir?<\/b><\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nYahudi inanc\u0131na g\u00f6re Tanr\u0131 ile \u0130srailo\u011fullar\u0131 aras\u0131nda yap\u0131lan ahdi (anla\u015fma) i\u00e7eren, Yahudiler\u2019in kutsal kitab\u0131na Hristiyanlar, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde \u201cAhd-i At\u00eek\u201d (Eski Ahit) demektedir. Eski Ahit, Hz. Musa\u2019 dan y\u00fczlerce y\u0131l sonra kaleme al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olup g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde farkl\u0131 n\u00fcshalar\u0131 vard\u0131r. <\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nOn Emir nedir?<\/b><\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\n\u0130branilere kadar \u00e7ok tanr\u0131l\u0131 din inan\u0131\u015f\u0131 yayg\u0131nken \u0130braniler tek tanr\u0131l\u0131 semavi din inanc\u0131n\u0131 benimsemi\u015f ve bunun sonucunda ilahi k\u00f6kenli hukuk kurallar\u0131 bu d\u00f6nemde g\u00f6r\u00fclmeye ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u201cOn Emir\u201d olarak bilinen bu h\u00fck\u00fcmler, \u0130srailo\u011fullar\u0131\u2019n\u0131n M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019dan \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015flar\u0131ndan sonra Sina Da\u011f\u0131\u2019nda Tanr\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan Hz. Musa\u2019ya bildirilen emirlerdir.<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\n\u0130lk \u00c7a\u011flarda yap\u0131lan g\u00f6\u00e7lerin nedenleri nelerdir?<\/b><\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nG\u00f6\u00e7lerin ger\u00e7ekle\u015fme nedenleri farkl\u0131l\u0131klar g\u00f6stermektedir. Yerle\u015fim yerleri ve iklimdeki de\u011fi\u015fikliklere ba\u011fl\u0131 ge\u00e7im s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n ya\u015fanmaya ba\u015flanmas\u0131, politik de\u011fi\u015fiklikler, inan\u00e7 gruplar\u0131n\u0131n bask\u0131 alt\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131 gibi geli\u015fmeler; g\u00f6\u00e7lerin siyasi, ekonomik, din\u00ee ve co\u011frafi nedenlerini olu\u015fturur.<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nEge G\u00f6\u00e7leri hakk\u0131nda bilgi veriniz?<\/b><\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\n\u201cDeniz Kavimleri Hareketi\u201d olarak da ifade edilmi\u015f, M\u00d6 XIII. y\u00fczy\u0131l sonlar\u0131 ile M\u00d6 XII. Y\u00fczy\u0131l ba\u015flar\u0131nda iki a\u015famada ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu g\u00f6\u00e7ler ilk olarak Yunanistan\u2019dan ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yunanistan\u2019\u0131n da\u011fl\u0131k bir co\u011frafyaya sahip olmas\u0131, tar\u0131m alanlar\u0131n\u0131n yetersizli\u011fi, n\u00fcfus art\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve k\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ya\u015fanmas\u0131 bu g\u00f6\u00e7lerin nedenlerindendir. Ayr\u0131ca Do\u011fu Avrupa ve Balkanlardan g\u00fcneye inen Dorlar, Akalar gibi kavimler Yunanistan\u2019daki kavimlerin do\u011fuya do\u011fru s\u00fcr\u00fcklemesinde etkili olmu\u015ftur. M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019a kadar uzanan Ege g\u00f6\u00e7leri sonucunda M\u0131s\u0131r Devleti verdi\u011fi g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc m\u00fccadele ile kendisini korurken Anadolu\u2019daki Hitit Devleti ise y\u0131k\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nYahudi s\u00fcrg\u00fcnleri hakk\u0131nda bilgi veriniz.<\/b><\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nM\u00d6 587 y\u0131l\u0131nda Babil H\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 II. Nabukadnezar, Yahuda Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 istila ederek Kud\u00fcs Mabedi\u2019ni tahrip etmi\u015f ve n\u00fcfusun b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrg\u00fcn etmi\u015ftir. Bu olaydan 70 y\u0131l sonra Babil, Pers Kral\u0131 Kiros taraf\u0131ndan ele ge\u00e7irilmi\u015f ve s\u00fcrg\u00fcnde olan Yahudilere d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f izni verilmi\u015ftir. Yahudilerin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu topraklara Perslerden sonra B\u00fcy\u00fck \u0130skender ve Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu h\u00e2kim oldu. Yahudiler, MS 66-73 tarihleri aras\u0131nda Roma y\u00f6netimine kar\u015f\u0131 isyan etti. Bu isyan nedeniyle Roma ordular\u0131 Kud\u00fcs\u2019e y\u00f6nelerek Yahudileri b\u00f6lgeden g\u00f6\u00e7 etmeye zorlad\u0131. Romal\u0131lar, ba\u015fta M\u0131s\u0131r olmak \u00fczere h\u00e2kimiyetleri alt\u0131ndaki farkl\u0131 \u00fclkelere Yahudileri s\u00fcrd\u00fcler. Romal\u0131lara kar\u015f\u0131 direni\u015fleri devam eden Yahudilerin ikinci isyan\u0131 MS 132-135\u2019te ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir. Fakat Romal\u0131lar\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda direnemedikleri i\u00e7in yeniden s\u00fcrg\u00fcn edilmi\u015flerdir. Bu olaydan sonra Romal\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan Filistin\u2019e d\u00f6nmeleri yasaklanan Yahudiler, kitleler h\u00e2linde buradan d\u00fcnyan\u0131n d\u00f6rt bir yan\u0131na g\u00f6\u00e7 etmi\u015ftir.<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nRoma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nda Hristiyanl\u0131k serbest b\u0131rak\u0131lmadan \u00f6nce Roma bask\u0131s\u0131ndan ka\u00e7arak Anadolu\u2019ya gelen ve burada inan\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 gizlice s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ilk Hristiyanlar\u0131n izleri nerelerde g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr?<\/b><\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nAntakya ve Kapadokya\u2019da<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nAsurlar\u2019\u0131n ticari faaliyetleri hakk\u0131nda bilgi veriniz.<\/b><\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nMezopotamya\u2019n\u0131n do\u011fal kaynaklardan yoksun olmas\u0131 Asurlar\u0131n politikalar\u0131nda ticareti \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Asurlu t\u00fcccarlar, ba\u015fta Kani\u015f (K\u00fcltepe) olmak \u00fczere Anadolu\u2019nun pek \u00e7ok yerinde al\u0131\u015fveri\u015f merkezleri kurmu\u015ftur. \u00d6yle ki Asurlar\u0131n iki y\u00fczy\u0131l kadar Anadolu\u2019da s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fckleri ticari faaliyetler, Koloni devri (M\u00d6 1950-1750) olarak isimlendirilir.<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nFenikeliler\u2019in ticari faaliyetleri hakk\u0131nda bilgi veriniz.<\/b><\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nDo\u011fu Akdeniz sahil \u015feridinde genel olarak denizcilik ve deniz ticareti ile u\u011fra\u015fm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Bu denizci kavim, gemilerin in\u015fas\u0131 amac\u0131yla gerekli keresteleri temin etmek i\u00e7in geli\u015fmi\u015f bir ormanc\u0131l\u0131k faaliyeti de y\u00fcr\u00fctm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Do\u011fu Akdeniz\u2019de \u00e7ok iyi bir ticaret filosu kurmu\u015f olan Fenikeliler, Bat\u0131 Akdeniz\u2019de de ticaret kolonileri kurmay\u0131 ba\u015farm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Zamanla M\u0131s\u0131r, K\u0131br\u0131s, Girit ve Rodos d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda Sicilya, Sardunya ve \u0130spanya\u2019ya kadar uzanan bir\u00e7ok yerde ticaret kolonileri kuran Fenikeliler, bu sayede d\u00fcnya deniz ticaretini kontrol etmeyi ba\u015farm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nLidyal\u0131lar\u2019\u0131n ticari faaliyetleri hakk\u0131nda bilgi veriniz.<\/b><\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nLidyal\u0131lar, tarihte zengin maden yataklar\u0131 ve verimli topraklar\u0131 ile \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Madencilik, tar\u0131m ve hayvanc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n yan\u0131nda ba\u015fkenti Sard; alt\u0131n madeni ve kuyumculuk sanat\u0131 ile tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Lidyal\u0131lar\u0131n, insanl\u0131k tarihinde ilk kez madeni paray\u0131 (sikke), \u00fccretli askerlerinin maa\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6demek i\u00e7in icat ettikleri tahmin edilmektedir.<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nSo\u011fdlar\u2019\u0131n ticari faaliyetleri hakk\u0131nda bilgi veriniz.<\/b><\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nSo\u011fdlu t\u00fcccarlar K\u00f6k T\u00fcrk korumas\u0131 alt\u0131ndaki \u00c7in\u2019den \u0130talya\u2019ya kadar uzanan \u0130pek Yolu \u00fczerindeki ticareti kontrol etmi\u015ftir. \u0130slam \u00f6ncesinde oldu\u011fu gibi \u0130slami d\u00f6nemde de So\u011fdlar, \u0130pek Yolu \u00fczerinde etkin rol oynamay\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nHelenizim nedir?<\/b><\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nB\u00fcy\u00fck \u0130skender ad\u0131n\u0131 alacak olan III. Alexander, Yunan k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc ile Anadolu, M\u0131s\u0131r, Pers ve di\u011fer k\u00fclt\u00fcrler birbiriyle kayna\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu sayede Do\u011fu ve Bat\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerinin sentezi olan Helenizm ad\u0131nda yeni bir k\u00fclt\u00fcr ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Helenizm, Asya ve Avrupa\u2019da kurulacak imparatorluklar\u0131 etkilemi\u015ftir.<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nEn geni\u015f kara imparatorlu\u011funu kim kurmu\u015ftur?<\/b><\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nMo\u011fol imparatoru Cengiz Han<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nRoma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019ndaki sosyal stat\u00fc hakk\u0131nda bilgi veriniz.<\/b><\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nRoma\u2019da kraldan sonra etkin bir dan\u0131\u015fma kurulu olan senatoya, soylular girebiliyordu. Roma toplumu patriciler, plepler ve k\u00f6leler olmak \u00fczere \u00fc\u00e7 s\u0131n\u0131fa ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Senatoda g\u00f6rev yapan soylu s\u0131n\u0131fa patrici, Roma\u2019ya sonradan gelip yerle\u015fenlere de plep ad\u0131 verilirdi. K\u00f6leler ise Roma\u2019n\u0131n i\u015fgali alt\u0131ndaki \u00fclkelerden getirilmi\u015f, patricilerin evlerinde hizmet\u00e7ilik ya da u\u015fakl\u0131k yapan, tarlalarda i\u015f\u00e7i olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan s\u0131n\u0131ft\u0131.<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\n\u00c7in\u2019deki sosyal stat\u00fc hakk\u0131nda bilgi veriniz.<\/b><\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\n\u00c7in \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nda y\u00f6netim, imparatora kar\u015f\u0131 y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckleri olan toprak sahiplerinin elindeydi. \u00c7in toplumu, toprak sahipleri ve avam halk olarak iki temel s\u0131n\u0131fa b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Avam tabakas\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu k\u00f6yl\u00fc, toprak sahipleri ise soylu ailelerdir.<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nFeodalizm nedir?<\/b><\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nBat\u0131 Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun y\u0131k\u0131lma s\u00fcrecine girmesiyle k\u0131tl\u0131k ve sava\u015f korkusu halk\u0131n can ve mal g\u00fcvenli\u011fi endi\u015fesine kap\u0131lmas\u0131na neden oldu. Bundan sonra halk ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerin b\u00fcy\u00fck malik\u00e2nelere sahip lordlar\u0131na s\u0131\u011f\u0131nmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Feodalite g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc sava\u015f lordlar\u0131n\u0131n egemen g\u00fc\u00e7 kabul edildi\u011fi, zay\u0131flar\u0131n kendilerini efendilerine emanet ederek kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda sadakatle hizmet s\u00f6z\u00fc verdikleri bir toplum yap\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r. Feodalizmde hi\u00e7 kimse tam anlam\u0131yla h\u00fck\u00fcmran de\u011fildi. Bu y\u00fczden kral, lord ve vassallar aras\u0131ndaki m\u00fccadeleler, Orta \u00c7a\u011f Avrupas\u0131\u2019nda uzun s\u00fcren kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131klara, siyasal istikrars\u0131zl\u0131klara hatta sava\u015flara neden olmu\u015ftur.<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\n12 Levha Kanunlar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda bilgi veriniz.<\/b><\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nRoma hukuku, bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Avrupa \u00fclkelerinde uygulanan hukuk sisteminin temelini olu\u015fturur. Bu hukuk sisteminin ilk basama\u011f\u0131 \u201c12 Levha Kanunlar\u0131\u201dd\u0131r. Patricilerin uygulamalar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kan pleplerin ayaklanmalar\u0131 ile bu kanunlar g\u00fcndeme gelmi\u015ftir. Bu ayaklanmalar\u0131 bast\u0131rmak amac\u0131yla kanunlar \u0131slah edilerek ilk defa yaz\u0131l\u0131 h\u00e2le getirilmi\u015ftir. Bu kanunlarla Roma halk\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6rev ve sorumluluklar\u0131, halk aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkiler gibi pek \u00e7ok konuya a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k getirilmi\u015ftir.<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nG\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz Medeni kanunlar\u0131n\u0131n temelini olu\u015fturan kanun nedir? <\/b><\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\n527-565 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Do\u011fu Roma \u0130mparatoru olan Justinianus, On \u0130ki Levha Kanunlar\u0131 ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere Roma kanunlar\u0131n\u0131 toplayarak \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n ve toplumun ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131na uygun bir \u015fekilde yeniden d\u00fczenlemi\u015ftir. Justinianus Kanunlar\u0131 madde madde yaz\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f, belli olaylar i\u00e7in verilmi\u015f somut \u00f6rneklerle kanun maddeleri anlat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu kanunlarla hukuk kurallar\u0131nda ilk defa kamu ve \u00f6zel hukuk ayr\u0131m\u0131 yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle aile, ki\u015fi ve miras hukuku konular\u0131ndaki d\u00fczenlemeler, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz medeni hukukunun temelini te\u015fkil etmektedir.<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nCengiz Han Yasas\u0131 hakk\u0131nda bilgi veriniz<\/b><\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nMo\u011fol \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu’nun hukuk ve askerlik i\u015flerini d\u00fczenleyen kanunlara \u201cCengiz Han Yasas\u0131\u201d veya \u201dB\u00fcy\u00fck Yasa\u201d denilmi\u015ftir. Ama bu yasan\u0131n tamam\u0131 Cengiz Han taraf\u0131ndan olu\u015fturulmu\u015f de\u011fildir. Cengiz Han Yasas\u0131 nesilden nesile aktar\u0131lan T\u00fcrk ve Mo\u011fol t\u00f6relerinin yaz\u0131l\u0131 h\u00e2le getirilerek d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f \u015feklidir. Cengiz Han, ka\u011fan se\u00e7ildi\u011fi 1206 y\u0131l\u0131 kurultay\u0131nda bu kurallara baz\u0131 ilaveler yapm\u0131\u015f ve bunlar\u0131 resmen y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe koymu\u015ftur. Otuz \u00fc\u00e7 defter h\u00e2linde d\u00fczenlendi\u011fi varsay\u0131lan bu yasalar, \u0130slamiyet\u2019i kabul eden Mo\u011fol hanedanlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan da uygulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nTe\u00e7hizat nedir?<\/b><\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nTe\u00e7hizat, sava\u015f ara\u00e7 ve gere\u00e7leri demektir. Ayr\u0131ca bunlar\u0131n imalat\u0131n\u0131, geli\u015ftirilmesini, ula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 ve depolanmas\u0131n\u0131 da kapsar. Te\u00e7hizat; askerlerin ayr\u0131lmaz bir par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r. Geli\u015fmi\u015f te\u00e7hizatlarla donat\u0131lan asker\u00ee birlikler, di\u011fer topluluklara kar\u015f\u0131 \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\n\u0130lk \u00c7a\u011f medeniyetlerinin ordular\u0131 hakk\u0131nda bilgi veriniz?<\/b><\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\n\u0130lk \u00c7a\u011f medeniyetlerinin ordular\u0131 genel olarak piyade, s\u00fcvari ve sava\u015f arabal\u0131 askerlerden olu\u015furdu. Bu askerler silah olarak ok, yay, kalkan, m\u0131zrak, topuz, balta ve k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 gibi silahlar kullan\u0131rd\u0131. Ku\u015fatmalarda manc\u0131n\u0131k, kule ve ko\u00e7ba\u015flar\u0131 da kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nDoktrin nedir?<\/b><\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nStrateji ve Taktik demektir.<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\n\u0130lk \u00c7a\u011flardaki toplumsal s\u0131n\u0131flar hakk\u0131nda bilgi veriniz.<\/b><\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\n\u0130lk \u00c7a\u011f\u2019da toplum; asiller, din adamlar\u0131, h\u00fcrler ve k\u00f6leler gibi s\u0131n\u0131flara ayr\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Topra\u011fa sahip olan soylular, y\u00fczy\u0131llar boyunca ge\u00e7erli olacak g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc stat\u00fcler kazanarak sosyal, ekonomik, siyasi g\u00fcc\u00fcn belirleyicisi oldu. Topraklar, genellikle b\u00fcy\u00fck toprak sahiplerinin, aristokratlar\u0131n, askerlerin ya da devletin elindeydi. Bunun yan\u0131nda k\u00f6yl\u00fc, kirac\u0131 ya da ortak\u00e7\u0131 olarak topra\u011f\u0131 i\u015flemekteydi. \u0130nsanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n yerle\u015fik d\u00fczene ge\u00e7mesi ve insan eme\u011fine dayal\u0131 tar\u0131m topluluklar\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015fmesiyle k\u00f6lelik ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r Hititlerde k\u00f6lelerin k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131 da olsa m\u00fclkiyet haklar\u0131 varken Mezopotamya\u2019da k\u00f6leler neredeyse t\u00fcm haklardan mahrum b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Mezopotamya\u2019da esir ticareti de olup esirler, uzak \u00fclkelerden t\u00fcccarlar taraf\u0131ndan getirilmi\u015ftir. Hi\u00e7bir hakk\u0131 olmayan topra\u011fa ba\u011fl\u0131, kar\u0131n toklu\u011funa \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ve h\u00fcr k\u00f6yl\u00fc ile k\u00f6le aras\u0131nda bir s\u0131n\u0131f olan serfler, e\u015fya gibi al\u0131n\u0131p sat\u0131labilmekteydi.<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\n\u0130lk \u00c7a\u011f toprak sistemi hakk\u0131nda bilgi veriniz.<\/b><\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nMezopotamya\u2019da topraklar \u00f6zel m\u00fclkiyet alt\u0131nda iken M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019da firavun, t\u00fcm topraklar\u0131n sahibiydi. Bunun yan\u0131nda tap\u0131nak topraklar\u0131 ve subaylar\u0131n emekleri kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda edindi\u011fi topraklar da vard\u0131. Topraklar\u0131 kullanan k\u00f6yl\u00fcler ise kirac\u0131 durumundayd\u0131. S\u00fcmerlerde toprak m\u00fclkiyeti; tap\u0131naklara ait topraklar, kent y\u00f6neticilerine ait topraklar ve ortak\u00e7\u0131 usul\u00fc ile i\u015fletilen k\u00f6yl\u00fclere ait topraklar olmak \u00fczere \u00fc\u00e7e ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Hititlerde ise toprak k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ve b\u00fcy\u00fck t\u0131mar par\u00e7alar\u0131na ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nBat\u0131 ve Orta Avrupa \u00fclkelerinde toprak sahibi olan seny\u00f6r\u00fcn; siyasi, ekonomik, hukuki ve asker\u00ee haklara sahip oldu\u011fu ve temeli toprak k\u00f6leli\u011fine dayanan toplum d\u00fczenine \u201cfeodalizm\u201d denmektedir. Feodalizmde asker\u00ee ve mali h\u00e2kimiyetin devlete ait olmas\u0131 gerekirken bu haklara seny\u00f6rler sahip olmu\u015ftur.<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nKast sistemi nedir?<\/b><\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nKast sistemi, bir ki\u015finin toplumsal konumunun ya\u015fam\u0131 boyunca belirlendi\u011fi toplumsal bir d\u00fczendir. Hindistan\u2019da g\u00f6r\u00fclen bu sistemin ekonomik kurallar\u0131n\u0131 dinsel stat\u00fcler belirlerdi. Hindu inanc\u0131na g\u00f6re ya\u015fam, ge\u00e7ici olarak beden kazanmakt\u0131r. \u0130nsan\u0131n gelecek ya\u015fam\u0131ndaki stat\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc belirleyen onun bu hayat\u0131ndaki eylem ve tutumlar\u0131d\u0131r. Kast sistemi; brahmanlar (din adamlar\u0131), k\u015fatriyalar (askerler), vaisyalar (\u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar) ve sudralar (i\u015f\u00e7iler ve k\u00f6leler) s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131ndan olu\u015furdu. Kast grubunun \u00fcyesi; brahmanlara sayg\u0131l\u0131 olup kendi kast\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6revlerini yerine getirirse di\u011fer hayat\u0131nda daha \u00fcst bir kastta do\u011facak e\u011fer bunlar\u0131 yerine getirmezse daha alt bir kast\u0131n \u00fcyesi olarak yeniden d\u00fcnyaya gelecekti. Kast toplumlar\u0131nda farkl\u0131 toplumsal gruplar birbirlerine kapal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu sistemde herkes, bir daha terk edemeyece\u011fi bir kast i\u00e7inde do\u011far, bu kasttan e\u015f se\u00e7er ve bu kast i\u00e7inde \u00f6l\u00fcr. Her kast bireyinin alabilece\u011fi e\u011fitim ve yapabilece\u011fi meslek t\u00fcrleri bellidir. Bu d\u00fczende insanlar\u0131n di\u011fer kastlar\u0131n \u00fcyeleriyle ba\u011flant\u0131 kurmalar\u0131 engellenmi\u015ftir. Kast sisteminin mevcut yap\u0131lanmas\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, k\u00f6ylerin ve yerle\u015fim yerlerinin en uzak yerlerinde ya\u015famalar\u0131na izin verilmi\u015f parya denilen bir s\u0131n\u0131f daha bulunurdu.<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nKarum nedir?<\/b><\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nAsur ticaret kolonileri olan karumlar, Asurlu t\u00fcccarlar\u0131n topland\u0131\u011f\u0131 semtlerdir. Karum, \u015fehrin hemen d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ticari i\u015flerin g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc siyasi ve y\u00f6netim stat\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn bulundu\u011fu yerle\u015fimlerdir. Asurlu t\u00fcccarlar\u0131n Anadolu\u2019daki en b\u00fcy\u00fck karumu, Kani\u015f (Kayseri-K\u00fcltepe) \u015fehrinde bulunurdu.<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nAgora nedir?<\/b><\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nAgora; \u015fehir devletlerinde ticari faaliyetlerin yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 yer olup kent meydan\u0131, \u00e7ar\u015f\u0131, pazar yeri anlam\u0131na gelmektedir. Adli, din\u00ee ve siyasi fonksiyonlar\u0131 da olan agoralar; sanat\u0131n yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131, felsefenin temellerinin at\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, an\u0131tlar\u0131n, sunaklar\u0131n, heykellerin bulundu\u011fu yer yani t\u00fcccarlar\u0131n kalbiydi.<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nHan ve \u00c7ar\u015f\u0131 nedir?<\/b><\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nHanlar, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck kervanlar\u0131n indi\u011fi, yolcular\u0131n konaklad\u0131\u011f\u0131, mallar\u0131n depoland\u0131\u011f\u0131, at\u00f6lyelerin bulundu\u011fu ve ticaretin yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerlerdi. Hanlarda birden fazla d\u00fckk\u00e2n olursa bu hanlara \u00e7ar\u015f\u0131 da denilirdi.<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nArasta nedir?<\/b><\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nArasta genellikle ayn\u0131 esnaf grubuna ait d\u00fckk\u00e2nlar\u0131n bir sokak \u00fczerinde kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 s\u0131ralanmas\u0131 ile meydana gelmekteydi.<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nRibat nedir?<\/b><\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nRibatlar; \u0130slamiyet\u2019in ilk d\u00f6nemlerinde daha \u00e7ok korunma, savunma ve asker\u00ee ama\u00e7l\u0131 in\u015fa edilerek karakol veya ordug\u00e2h olarak kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. S\u0131n\u0131r b\u00f6lgelerinde yo\u011funla\u015fan bu yap\u0131lar, y\u00fcksek duvarlarla \u00e7evrili olup avlu ve g\u00f6zc\u00fc kulelerinden olu\u015furdu. XI. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan sonra s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n geni\u015flemesiyle birlikte i\u00e7 b\u00f6lgelerde kalan ribatlar, i\u015flev de\u011fi\u015ftirerek ticari konaklama amac\u0131yla kullan\u0131ld\u0131. Bu yap\u0131 \u00f6rneklerinin \u00e7o\u011fu \u0130pek Yolu \u00fczerindeydi.<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nKervansaray nedir?<\/b><\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nK\u00f6keni \u201cribat\u201d ad\u0131 verilen bir yap\u0131ya dayanan kervansaraylar, kervanlar\u0131n g\u00fcvenli\u011fi ve konaklamas\u0131 i\u00e7in ana yol kenar\u0131nda tesis edilmi\u015ftir. \u00d6z\u00fcn\u00fc yard\u0131mla\u015fma ve insanl\u0131k duygusundan alan vak\u0131f sistemi sayesinde g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar gelen kervansaraylar, yollar \u00fczerinde kurulan ve kamu yarar\u0131na \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ticari yap\u0131lard\u0131r. Kervansaraylar genellikle 8-10 saatlik y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f mesafesinde (35\u201340km) kurulurdu.<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nBedesten nedir?<\/b><\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nK\u0131ymetli kuma\u015flar, m\u00fccevherler ve buna benzer e\u015fyan\u0131n sat\u0131m\u0131na mahsus \u00fcst\u00fc kapal\u0131, mahfuz \u00e7ar\u015f\u0131lar\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcne verilen add\u0131r. Bedestenler zamanlar\u0131nda \u00f6nemli birer iktisadi kurulu\u015ftu. O devirde, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczdeki banka ve borsalar\u0131n g\u00f6revini de g\u00f6r\u00fcrd\u00fc.<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nTarihte para ilk defa kimler taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r?<\/b><\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nLidyal\u0131lar<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\n\u0130lk ve Orta \u00c7a\u011flardaki en \u00f6nemli ticaret yollar\u0131 nelerdir?<\/b><\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\n\u0130lk \u00c7a\u011f\u2019dan itibaren Kral Yolu, \u0130pek Yolu, K\u00fcrk Yolu ve Baharat Yolu d\u00fcnya ticaretinde h\u00e2kim rol oynam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nKral yolu hakk\u0131nda bilgi veriniz.<\/b><\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nAnadolu yollar\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131n \u00e7a\u011f\u0131, Pers \u0130mparatoru Darius\u2019un yapt\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kral Yolu ile ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Anadolu\u2019da, Ege B\u00f6lgesi\u2019nde bulunan Sardes\u2019ten ba\u015flay\u0131p Pers \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun ba\u015fkenti Sus\u2019a kadar uzanan Kral Yolu, Anadolu yollar\u0131n\u0131n belkemi\u011fini olu\u015fturmu\u015ftur. Kral Yolu \u00e7evresindeki ekonomi merkezleri, Ege k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131ndaki \u00f6nemli limanlara ba\u011flan\u0131rd\u0131.<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\n\u0130pek Yolu hakk\u0131nda bilgi veriniz<\/b><\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\n\u0130pek Yolu, \u0130lk ve Orta \u00c7a\u011flarda \u00c7in ve Orta Do\u011fu ile Bat\u0131 \u00fclkeleri aras\u0131ndaki transit kara ticaretinde kullan\u0131lan en i\u015flek ticaret yoludur. Orta \u00c7a\u011f\u2019da \u00c7in\u2019den ba\u015flay\u0131p Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan, Mo\u011folistan, Kazakistan, \u00d6zbekistan, K\u0131rg\u0131zistan ve T\u00fcrkmenistan\u2019\u0131 ge\u00e7ip Hazar Denizi\u2019ne ula\u015fan \u0130pek Yolu\u2019nun bir kolu da \u0130ran \u00fczerinden Suriye\u2019nin Lazkiye Liman\u0131\u2019na ula\u015f\u0131rd\u0131. Di\u011fer bir b\u00fcy\u00fck kolu ise Karakurum Da\u011flar\u0131\u2019n\u0131 a\u015farak \u0130ran \u00fczerinden Anadolu topraklar\u0131na girerdi. Anadolu’dan da deniz yolu veya Trakya \u00fczerinden kara yolu ile Avrupa’ya giderdi. \u0130pek Yolu insan eliyle a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir yol olmay\u0131p tabiat\u0131n ve iklimin haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 geni\u015f vadi yataklar\u0131 ile kervanlar\u0131n konaklamalar\u0131na yarayacak vahalardan olu\u015fmu\u015ftur. \u0130pek Yolu\u2019ndaki g\u00fc\u00e7 m\u00fccadelesinin belirleyicileri \u00c7inliler, T\u00fcrkler, Mo\u011follar, Farslar, Araplar ve Ruslard\u0131r.<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nK\u00fcrk Yolu hakk\u0131nda bilgi veriniz.<\/b><\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nK\u00fcrk Yolu, Don Nehri\u2019nin denize d\u00f6k\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yerden ba\u015flay\u0131p Ural Da\u011flar\u0131 ve G\u00fcney Sibirya ormanlar\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131ndan Altaylar\u2019a, Sayan Da\u011flar\u0131 \u00fczerinden \u00c7in\u2019e ve Amur Nehri\u2019ne ula\u015fan yoldur. K\u00fcrk Yolu \u00fczerinde sincap, sansar, tilki, samur, kunduz, va\u015fak, gelincik ve geyik gibi t\u00fcyleri g\u00fczel ve yumu\u015fak olan hayvanlar\u0131n deri ve postlar\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00dczerinde ta\u015f\u0131nan bu \u00fcr\u00fcnlerden dolay\u0131 bu yola \u201cK\u00fcrk Yolu\u201d ad\u0131 verilmi\u015ftir. Bu yoldan hayvanlarla getirilen deri ve postlar, Etil Nehri vas\u0131tas\u0131yla Hazar Devleti\u2019nin merkezi Hanbal\u0131k\u2019a (Etil) ula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Daha sonra da G\u00fcney Sibirya\u2019dan ge\u00e7erek Avrupa\u2019ya ve \u0130slam \u00fclkelerine g\u00f6nderilirdi. Bu yolun do\u011fu ucu ise T\u00fcrk devletlerinin merkezi olan Orhun B\u00f6lgesi\u2019nden \u00c7in\u2019e kadar uzan\u0131rd\u0131.<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nBaharat yolu hakk\u0131nda bilgi veriniz.<\/b><\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nHindistan’dan ba\u015flayarak Avrupa\u2019ya ula\u015fan ve baharat ticareti yap\u0131lan yola Baharat Yolu denmi\u015ftir. Bu yol, co\u011frafi ke\u015fifler sonucunda \u00f6nemini kaybetti.<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nYaz\u0131 kimler taraf\u0131ndan nas\u0131l icat edilmi\u015ftir?<\/b><\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\n\u0130lk \u00c7a\u011f\u2019da Mezopotamya\u2019daki din\u00ee inan\u0131\u015flara g\u00f6re her \u015fey tanr\u0131lar\u0131n mal\u0131 idi. Tanr\u0131lar i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan insanlar, \u00fcrettiklerini mabetlerde birle\u015ftirirdi. Herkes elde etti\u011fi \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc, tanr\u0131n\u0131n evine yani mabede teslim etmek zorundayd\u0131. Rahipler, vatanda\u015flar\u0131n teslim etti\u011fi \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc tabletlere resmederdi. Bunun sonucunda S\u00fcmerler, mabet ekonomisinin zorunlulu\u011fu ile sembol yaz\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 (piktograf) icat etti. (M\u00d6 3000) Yaz\u0131 yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131k\u00e7a semboller giderek k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f ve i\u015faret k\u00fcmeleri h\u00e2line gelmi\u015ftir. \u0130\u015faretler \u00e7iviye benzetildi\u011fi i\u00e7in bu yaz\u0131ya \u201c\u00e7ivi yaz\u0131s\u0131\u201d denmi\u015ftir.<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nS\u00fcmer \u00e7ivi yaz\u0131s\u0131 Anadolu\u2019ya ne zaman ve hangi yollarla ta\u015f\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r?<\/b><\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nAsurlular d\u00f6neminde ticaret yoluyla Anadolu’ya ta\u015f\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nTablet evi nedir?<\/b><\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nS\u00fcmerlerde, okullara \u201cTablet Evi\u201d ad\u0131 verilmekteydi.<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nS\u00fcmerlerden sonra \u00e7ivi yaz\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 kimler kullanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r?<\/b><\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nS\u00fcmerlerden sonra \u00e7ivi yaz\u0131s\u0131 Akad, Babil, Asur,Hitit ve Urartu gibi medeniyetler taraf\u0131ndan geli\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. <\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nLatin alfabesinin geli\u015fim s\u00fcreci ve ka\u011f\u0131t \u00fcretimi hakk\u0131nda bilgi veriniz.<\/b><\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nHiyeroglif yaz\u0131s\u0131 kullanan M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar yaz\u0131 arac\u0131 olarak papir\u00fcs ve f\u0131r\u00e7a gibi ara\u00e7lar kullanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece yaz\u0131n\u0131n ta\u015f\u0131nabilirli\u011fi kolayla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. M\u0131s\u0131r yaz\u0131s\u0131 24 sessiz harften olu\u015fan Fenike alfabesinin geli\u015fmesine de model olmu\u015ftur. Bu alfabeden Sami, sonras\u0131nda da Latin alfabesi geli\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. \u0130lk kez Bergama\u2019da hayvan derisinden \u00fcretilen par\u015f\u00f6menler birle\u015ftirilerek kitap h\u00e2line getirilmi\u015ftir. \u00c7in medeniyeti ise par\u015f\u00f6menden daha ucuza mal olan tekstilden yap\u0131lan k\u00e2\u011f\u0131d\u0131 \u00fcretmi\u015ftir. VIII ve IX. Y\u00fczy\u0131llarda \u0130slam medeniyeti k\u00e2\u011f\u0131t \u00fcretimini yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nAstronomi bilimi ile ilgili yap\u0131lan ilk \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar nelerdir?<\/b><\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nG\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fc olaylar\u0131n\u0131n izlenmesi, kaydedilmesi ve yorumlanmas\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz modern astronomi bilimine temel olu\u015fturmu\u015ftur. \u00d6rne\u011fin, modern astronomideki matematiksel dayanaklar ilk defa Mezopotamya\u2019da kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Mezopotamya uygarl\u0131klar\u0131, ziggurat ad\u0131 verilen tap\u0131naklarda g\u00f6zlem yaparak, g\u00f6k biliminde bilimsel g\u00f6zlem y\u00f6ntemini ke\u015ffetmi\u015f ve bilgileri tablola\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ay ve G\u00fcne\u015f tutulmalar\u0131n\u0131 hesaplayan bu medeniyetler; Merk\u00fcr, Ven\u00fcs, Mars, J\u00fcpiter, Sat\u00fcrn gibi gezegenlerin de varl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan haberdard\u0131. Ayr\u0131ca bir y\u0131l\u0131n uzunlu\u011funu, bug\u00fcnk\u00fc hesaba g\u00f6re sadece 4,5 dakikal\u0131k bir hata ile bulmu\u015flar ve bu birikimleriyle takvim yapm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\n\u0130lk \u00c7a\u011fda M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar\u0131n bilime katk\u0131lar\u0131 nelerdir?<\/b><\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nM\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar; astronomi, matematik ve t\u0131p alan\u0131nda ilerlemi\u015ftir. M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar, g\u00fcne\u015f takvimini kullanm\u0131\u015flar, y\u0131l\u0131 365 g\u00fcn olarak hesaplam\u0131\u015flar ve g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde kullan\u0131lan takvimin temellerini atm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca bir g\u00fcn\u00fc 24 saate b\u00f6lm\u00fc\u015flerdir. M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar, geometride de ileri olduklar\u0131ndan, hacim ve alan \u00f6l\u00e7meyi \u00e7ok iyi biliyorlard\u0131. Bu y\u00fczden de mimarl\u0131kta olduk\u00e7a y\u00fcksek seviyedeydiler. Piramitler gibi g\u00f6rkemli binalar\u0131 \u00e7ok sa\u011flam bir \u015fekilde yapabilmi\u015flerdir.<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\n\u0130lk \u00c7a\u011fda \u00c7inlilerin bilime katk\u0131lar\u0131 nelerdir?<\/b><\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\n\u00c7inliler; barut, k\u00e2\u011f\u0131t ve matbaay\u0131 icat etmi\u015flerdir. Galileo\u2019dan \u00f6nce g\u00fcne\u015f lekeleri konusunda bilgi vermi\u015flerdir. Geleneksel \u00c7in t\u0131bb\u0131n\u0131n tedavi y\u00f6ntemleri olan masaj ve akupunktur g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde de kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nS\u0131f\u0131r\u0131 ilk defa kullanan medeniyet hangisidir?<\/b><\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nHint medeniyeti<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\n\u0130lk \u00c7a\u011fda Eski Yunan medeniyetinin bilime katk\u0131lar\u0131 nelerdir?<\/b><\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nEski Yunan\u2019da do\u011fa bilimleri b\u00fcy\u00fck bir geli\u015fme g\u00f6stermi\u015f ve \u00f6zellikle Aristoteles bitkilere ve hayvanlara ili\u015fkin bilimsel bilgileri derleyerek botanik ve zooloji alanlar\u0131n\u0131n temellerini atm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Mitolojik d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceden, ak\u0131lc\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceye ge\u00e7i\u015fi simgeleyen Miletli Thales (Tales); matematik, astronomi ve do\u011fa felsefesiyle u\u011fra\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130lk Yunan matematik\u00e7isi olan Thales, kendi g\u00f6lgesiyle kendi boyunun e\u015fit oldu\u011fu anda piramidin g\u00f6lgesini \u00f6l\u00e7erek piramidin y\u00fcksekli\u011fini bulmu\u015ftur. Geometriye \u201cispat\u201d kavram\u0131n\u0131 getirmi\u015ftir. Pythagoras (Pisagor), varl\u0131klar\u0131 ve varl\u0131klar aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkileri say\u0131larla ve say\u0131lara kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k gelen \u00e7izgilerle a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\n\u0130lk \u00c7a\u011f Anadolu Uygarl\u0131klar\u0131 hangileridir?<\/b><\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nHititler<\/b>, ba\u015fkenti: Hattu\u015fa\u015f, \u00c7orum yak\u0131nlar\u0131ndad\u0131r<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nFrigyal\u0131lar,<\/b> ba\u015fkenti: Gordion, Ankara\u2019n\u0131n Polatl\u0131 il\u00e7esi yak\u0131nlar\u0131nda<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nLidyal\u0131lar,<\/b> ba\u015fkenti: Sard, Manisa-Salihli yak\u0131nlar\u0131nda<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nUrartular, <\/b>ba\u015fkenti: Tu\u015fpa, Van<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\n\u0130yonyal\u0131lar,<\/b> ba\u015fkenti: \u0130yonya, En \u00f6nemli \u0130yon \u015fehirleri – \u0130zmir,Efes,Milet,Fo\u00e7a\u2019d\u0131r.<\/div>\n
\n
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<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Tarih hangi olayla ba\u015flar? Tarih, Mezopotamya\u2019da S\u00fcmerler taraf\u0131ndan yaz\u0131n\u0131n bulunmas\u0131yla ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. (M\u00d6 3500-3200) Tarih \u00f6ncesi \u00e7a\u011flar\u0131n (Karanl\u0131k \u00e7a\u011flar) ayd\u0131nlat\u0131lmas\u0131nda bize en \u00e7ok yard\u0131mc\u0131 olan bilim […]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_regular_price":[],"currency_symbol":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-889","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-soru-cevap"],"post_slider_layout_featured_media_urls":{"thumbnail":"","post_slider_layout_landscape_large":"","post_slider_layout_portrait_large":"","post_slider_layout_square_large":"","post_slider_layout_landscape":"","post_slider_layout_portrait":"","post_slider_layout_square":"","full":""},"yoast_head":"\nKAD\u0130M D\u00dcNYADA \u0130NSAN SORU- CEVAP (YAZILIYA HAZIRLIK) \u00c7ALI\u015eMASI - tarihkursu.com<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/index.php\/2018\/03\/26\/kadim-dunyada-insan-soru-cevap-yaziliya-hazirlik-calismasi\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"KAD\u0130M D\u00dcNYADA \u0130NSAN SORU- CEVAP (YAZILIYA HAZIRLIK) \u00c7ALI\u015eMASI - tarihkursu.com\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Tarih hangi olayla ba\u015flar? Tarih, Mezopotamya\u2019da S\u00fcmerler taraf\u0131ndan yaz\u0131n\u0131n bulunmas\u0131yla ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. (M\u00d6 3500-3200) Tarih \u00f6ncesi \u00e7a\u011flar\u0131n (Karanl\u0131k \u00e7a\u011flar) ayd\u0131nlat\u0131lmas\u0131nda bize en \u00e7ok yard\u0131mc\u0131 olan bilim [...]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/tarihkursu.com\/index.php\/2018\/03\/26\/kadim-dunyada-insan-soru-cevap-yaziliya-hazirlik-calismasi\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"tarihkursu.com\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2018-03-26T10:52:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjEnPSS2FF6e9LDPxY2udRMVzmsKeZ-852j-HnuMEfspz0fxlwdOvqsHBWt9-03qhfU8l4VXQ0uR0s_zalRGKhyaQtjC-lBGXCKyNQ9NHU5fq3RTG0YsZz3iwCHZoKXhQPA8oZjui8TG9sl\/s320\/kadim+d%25C3%25BCnyada+insan.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"tarihkursu\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Yazan:\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"tarihkursu\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Tahmini okuma s\u00fcresi\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"35 dakika\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tarihkursu.com\\\/index.php\\\/2018\\\/03\\\/26\\\/kadim-dunyada-insan-soru-cevap-yaziliya-hazirlik-calismasi\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tarihkursu.com\\\/index.php\\\/2018\\\/03\\\/26\\\/kadim-dunyada-insan-soru-cevap-yaziliya-hazirlik-calismasi\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"tarihkursu\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tarihkursu.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/d0f9105e31352dbe9f08d098ffb8c878\"},\"headline\":\"KAD\u0130M D\u00dcNYADA \u0130NSAN SORU- CEVAP (YAZILIYA HAZIRLIK) \u00c7ALI\u015eMASI\",\"datePublished\":\"2018-03-26T10:52:00+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tarihkursu.com\\\/index.php\\\/2018\\\/03\\\/26\\\/kadim-dunyada-insan-soru-cevap-yaziliya-hazirlik-calismasi\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":7014,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tarihkursu.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/4d7bdc3b79e9f5198455474c0f203f3c\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tarihkursu.com\\\/index.php\\\/2018\\\/03\\\/26\\\/kadim-dunyada-insan-soru-cevap-yaziliya-hazirlik-calismasi\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\\\/img\\\/b\\\/R29vZ2xl\\\/AVvXsEjEnPSS2FF6e9LDPxY2udRMVzmsKeZ-852j-HnuMEfspz0fxlwdOvqsHBWt9-03qhfU8l4VXQ0uR0s_zalRGKhyaQtjC-lBGXCKyNQ9NHU5fq3RTG0YsZz3iwCHZoKXhQPA8oZjui8TG9sl\\\/s320\\\/kadim+d%25C3%25BCnyada+insan.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"SORU CEVAP\"],\"inLanguage\":\"tr\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/tarihkursu.com\\\/index.php\\\/2018\\\/03\\\/26\\\/kadim-dunyada-insan-soru-cevap-yaziliya-hazirlik-calismasi\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tarihkursu.com\\\/index.php\\\/2018\\\/03\\\/26\\\/kadim-dunyada-insan-soru-cevap-yaziliya-hazirlik-calismasi\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tarihkursu.com\\\/index.php\\\/2018\\\/03\\\/26\\\/kadim-dunyada-insan-soru-cevap-yaziliya-hazirlik-calismasi\\\/\",\"name\":\"KAD\u0130M D\u00dcNYADA \u0130NSAN SORU- CEVAP (YAZILIYA HAZIRLIK) \u00c7ALI\u015eMASI - 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